1949 - Independence “We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a sovereign, democratic republic and to secure to all its citizens: justice…liberty…equality…do hereby adopt, enact and give to ourselves this constitution.”
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1949 - Independence “We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a sovereign, democratic republic and to secure to all its.
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1949 - Independence
“We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a sovereign, democratic republic and to secure to all its citizens: justice…liberty…equality…do hereby adopt, enact and give to ourselves this constitution.”
Indian Independence Act:Indian Independence Act:- India free- India free- Divided into India and Pakistan- Divided into India and Pakistan
Activity
• Each group will get one reading on 4 modern India subjects
• As a group you have 10 minutes to read and then put on poster paper the five most important points and draw a picture to encapsulate the topic
• One person will report out to the class1. Kashmir/Pakistan 2. Women3. Sikh Separatism 4. Bollywood
Pakistan
• West Pakistan and East Pakistan• West controlled country’s gov’t.-favored
west; East=poor• 1971-Civil War
– India supported East Pakistan– Independent Bangladesh
• Poor, ethnic and religious conflict • General Pervez Musharraf -1999
– Worked with U.S. to fight al Qaeda & Taliban
Dividing Forces• Cultural Diversity
– Hindu-Muslim conflict
Kashmir
Hindu and Muslim differences dating to 1947. Previously an independent state.
After independence, warfare led to Kashmir’s division between India and Pakistan
Pakistan controls the mountainous northern and western third; India controls the west and maintains 500,000 troops in the regions; China also control a portion of Kashmir
Many Kashmiris support independence from both India and Pakistan.
There have been numerous bombings and many people have died in the fighting. Both Pakistan and India have nuclear weapons and are a threat.
The headwaters of the Indus River flow through Kashmir – one of the reasons the region is so disputed.
Women
Overall status is lower than that of men in South Asia, but there are some women in high positions of power
Educational levels between men and women are unequal; female literacy rates are much lower then those for men
Marriages
Arranged marriages are common
Parents negotiate marriage
Ads in newspapers / magazines
Henna
Decoration of brides hands Decoration of brides hands
and feetand feet
Bride Price Dowry
Indian gov’t bans dowries, but this practice is still taken very seriously
Bride burning / Dowry killing – a rare practice, but it occurs (1,786 deaths in 1987)
Female infanticide
Sati (also, suttee) – an Indian widow would immolate herself on her deceased husband’s funeral pyre.
Outlawed and thus very rare today
Sikh Separatism• Sikhism – blend of Islam and Hinduism
– About 2% of population– Often feel “left out” of government attention
WhyWhy: : cut costs, cheap labor, high qualitycut costs, cheap labor, high qualityWhatWhat: : high tech jobs:> computers, software high tech jobs:> computers, software design, call centersdesign, call centersHowHow: : computers, internet, education, Englishcomputers, internet, education, EnglishUS ProUS Pro: : cheap goods, competition, keep some jobscheap goods, competition, keep some jobsUS ConUS Con: : loss of jobs or lower wagesloss of jobs or lower wagesIndian ProIndian Pro: : more jobs, middle class, less povertymore jobs, middle class, less povertyIndian ConIndian Con::Brain drain, loss of culture, tough jobsBrain drain, loss of culture, tough jobs