19.3 Questions Before we look at the treaty.. America Give the Allies the Edge What was a Convoy? What German weapon was it designed to deal with and.

19.3 Questions19.3 Questions

Before we look at the treaty.Before we look at the treaty.

America Give the Allies America Give the Allies the Edgethe Edge

What was a What was a ConvoyConvoy? What German ? What German weapon was it designed to deal with weapon was it designed to deal with and was it successful?and was it successful?

Allied Powers (Start of WWI)?Allied Powers (Start of WWI)?

- Russia, Great Britain and France- Russia, Great Britain and France Central Powers (Start of WWI)Central Powers (Start of WWI)

- Germany, Austria-Hungary and the - Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

America Gives the Allies America Gives the Allies the Edgethe Edge

Why did Alvin York do to become Why did Alvin York do to become such a hero?such a hero?

LetLet’’s watch a recreation with the s watch a recreation with the great Gary Cooper great Gary Cooper Sargent York Sargent York (1941)(1941)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmRRhxo0RHc

How the Map How the Map ChangesChangesLet’s take a lookLet’s take a look

Europe before WW IEurope before WW I

Europe in 1922Europe in 1922

League of Nations League of Nations MandatesMandates

(Middle East)(Middle East)

The Failure of The Failure of VersaillesVersailles

What led to the failure of What led to the failure of

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson’’s vision?s vision?

Use 19.3 Notes to follow Use 19.3 Notes to follow alongalong

The 14 PointsThe 14 Points

Delivered to Congress on January Delivered to Congress on January 8th, 1918.8th, 1918.

This was Woodrow WilsonThis was Woodrow Wilson’’s vision s vision for a new world order.for a new world order.

To End War (Points 1 - 5)To End War (Points 1 - 5)

1.1. No secret treatiesNo secret treaties

2.2. Freedom of the seasFreedom of the seas

3.3. Open markets (no tariffs)Open markets (no tariffs)

4.4. Arms reduction (only as needed for Arms reduction (only as needed for protection)protection)

5.5. Colonial policies good for both Colonial policies good for both colonizer and colonycolonizer and colony

Points 6 - 13Points 6 - 13

Self-Determination - Self-Determination - Wilson Wilson believed national groups on borders believed national groups on borders should decide which country they should decide which country they would like to join.would like to join.

The 14th Point - The The 14th Point - The League of NationsLeague of Nations

The League of Nations would govern The League of Nations would govern world affairs.world affairs.

If a nation was attacked unfairly all If a nation was attacked unfairly all nations should come to the aid of the nations should come to the aid of the attacked.attacked.

Which person would exploit the Which person would exploit the weakness of the League of Nations?weakness of the League of Nations?

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

The Big Four at The Big Four at VersaillesVersailles

Steven FelzenbergSteven Felzenberg

““In October 1918, the German government In October 1918, the German government informed Wilson on its willingness to informed Wilson on its willingness to accept an armistice based on the 14 points. accept an armistice based on the 14 points. In granting the armistice and pressing the In granting the armistice and pressing the Allied powers to do the same, the American Allied powers to do the same, the American Prime Minister allowed Germany to believe Prime Minister allowed Germany to believe that he had the power to commit not only that he had the power to commit not only the United States but also the Allies to the the United States but also the Allies to the just peace he had promised. On this, he just peace he had promised. On this, he would fail to deliver.would fail to deliver.””

What were some of the What were some of the big mistakes at big mistakes at

VersaillesVersailles German War Guilt ClauseGerman War Guilt Clause Reparations - Germany was forced to pay Reparations - Germany was forced to pay

$56 billion dollars and complete $56 billion dollars and complete responsibility for the war.responsibility for the war.

German Sudetenland given to German Sudetenland given to Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia.

Russian exclusion and loss of territoryRussian exclusion and loss of territory Failure in AsiaFailure in Asia 1) Japan snubbed with territory1) Japan snubbed with territory WilsonWilson’’s failure to consider the Senates failure to consider the Senate’’s s

role in accepting the Treaty.role in accepting the Treaty.

Tools Wilson could have Tools Wilson could have used to press Allies for used to press Allies for

agreementagreement U.S. entrance in the war contingent on U.S. entrance in the war contingent on acceptance of the 14 pointsacceptance of the 14 points

EuropeEurope’’s food supply heavily dependent s food supply heavily dependent on the U.S.on the U.S.

The loans granted to the Allies by the The loans granted to the Allies by the U.S.U.S.

Use his popularity in Europe through Use his popularity in Europe through the press - Allowed press proceedings the press - Allowed press proceedings of Versailles negotiations to be closed of Versailles negotiations to be closed to the press.to the press.

The Lodge ReservationsThe Lodge Reservations “The United States is the world's best hope, but if

you fetter her in the interests and quarrels of other nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her powerful good, and endanger her very existence. Leave her to march freely through the centuries to come, as in the years that have gone. Strong, generous, and confident, she has nobly served mankind. Beware how you trifle with your marvelous inheritance; this great land of ordered liberty. For if we stumble and fall, freedom and civilization everywhere will go down in ruin.”

Henry Cabot Lodge (Rep)Henry Cabot Lodge (Rep) In essence, Lodge did In essence, Lodge did

not want to have the not want to have the United States bound United States bound to enter another to enter another world conflict.world conflict.

Some historians feel Some historians feel if Wilson if Wilson compromised with compromised with Lodge and the Lodge and the moderates the Treaty moderates the Treaty may have been may have been ratified by the ratified by the Senate.Senate.

WilsonWilson’’s response to s response to LodgeLodge

The treaty placed a The treaty placed a ““moral obligatiomoral obligationn ”” on its signatories to give up some on its signatories to give up some of their sovereignty.of their sovereignty.

If Wilson allows Senate to add If Wilson allows Senate to add ““reservationsreservations”” than other countries than other countries will do the same.will do the same.

When Democrats push him to When Democrats push him to compromise Wilson exclaims, compromise Wilson exclaims, ““Let Let Lodge compromise!Lodge compromise!””

The Treaty is Rejected in The Treaty is Rejected in the United States Senatethe United States Senate

Wilson refused to accept the treaty with Wilson refused to accept the treaty with the Lodge Reservations.the Lodge Reservations.

The Democrats have enough votes The Democrats have enough votes (minority by 2 votes) in the Senate to (minority by 2 votes) in the Senate to reject the Lodge Reservationsreject the Lodge Reservations

The Democrats do not have enough The Democrats do not have enough support to get the 2/3 vote needed to support to get the 2/3 vote needed to ratify the treaty.ratify the treaty.

The United States signs a separate peace The United States signs a separate peace treaty with Germany in 1921.treaty with Germany in 1921.

Wilson’s Last Public Wilson’s Last Public AddressAddress

““I have seen fools resist I have seen fools resist providence before and I have providence before and I have seen their destruction as will seen their destruction as will come upon these again-utter come upon these again-utter destruction and contempt. destruction and contempt. That we shall prevail is as sure That we shall prevail is as sure as God reigns.” as God reigns.”

Although Failed Wilson Although Failed Wilson achieved..achieved..

The conept of “human rights” is The conept of “human rights” is pushed in the dialogue of U.S. pushed in the dialogue of U.S. foreign policy.foreign policy.

The term “Wilsonian” is applied to a The term “Wilsonian” is applied to a foreign policy based on negotiation.foreign policy based on negotiation.

The idea of liberty was picked up The idea of liberty was picked up and extended to other parts of the and extended to other parts of the world. (Not just an American ideal.)world. (Not just an American ideal.)

Rankings?Rankings?

Where does Wilson rank on the Where does Wilson rank on the president’s list?president’s list?