l!(f ). 'T - • (J) m z Il: 0 0 a-. - f- -, '0 - U --I en - Z >- ::l :::e:: (J U -( e • 1 i - .. .... , .... UNITED OF LAB0it CHILDREN'S BUREAU GRACE ADlIOrr. Chid !2dC/?d.. JUVENILE .. COURT STATISTICS 1929 BASED ON INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY 96 COURTS En.:aA'TA IChlldroo's Dureau Publication No. 2m.l Page 2, line 4: For p. 62, read p. GO. Pllge 8, line 12: For p. 51, rend p. 49. Page 10, line 14: For pp. 40, 42, rend pp. 38, 40. Pnge 13, line 15: For IJP. 44, 46, rend pp. 42, 44. Pllgr 22, line 10: For p. fi8, rend p. 56. Pnge 23, line 4: For p. 54, rend p. 52. Pnge 25, line 7: For pp. 60, 61, read pp. 58,59. UNITED STATE'S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1931 f. ..... Ie \;1. the Superintendent 01 Documcnh. Washi"l\.ton. D. C.' Pritt 1.5. <entf. If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov.
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IChlldroo's Dureau Publication No. 2m.l Page 2, line 4: For p. 62, read p. GO. Pllge 8, line 12: For p. 51, rend p. 49. Page 10, line 14: For pp. 40, 42, rend pp. 38, 40. Pnge 13, line 15: For IJP. 44, 46, rend pp. 42, 44. Pllgr 22, line 10: For p. fi8, rend p. 56. Pnge 23, line 4: For p. 54, rend p. 52. Pnge 25, line 7: For pp. 60, 61, read pp. 58,59.
UNITED STATE'S
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1931
f. ..... Ie \;1. the Superintendent 01 Documcnh. Washi"l\.ton. D. C.' Pritt 1.5. <entf.
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov.
1 "I" -
CONTENTS
'Plnn of the report. _______________________________________________ _ Part I.-Geneml rlil<clIRsion and l;uInmary tnhlcs _____________________ _
Chilrlrcn invoh'dri in the eMcs _____________________________ _ f:IJnrccs of referencc to cOllrt ______________________________ _ }'Iaces or care pending hearing or diRposit.ion _______ ~ ________ _ RC'a~oIlS for refcrenee to courL _________________________ _ J)i"po~it.i!llIR _____________________________________________ _
DCllCllflelll'Y and nc~dC'ct, Clll"CS _________________________________ _ Childrrn it,yolycd in the easc,8 _____________________________ _ Sourcrs of rcfrrencc to cOllrt and rCMons for r('[erl'llrc ________ _ 1'Iac( .. ~ of curc pending hearing or disposit.iol1 ________________ _ Djl'pf)sitioflS _____________________________________________ _
CIl~el< of chilrlrclI discharged from SlJpcJ"\'isioll ___________________ _ :Part II.-Cornpamtivc tahlrs for HJ27, HJ~8, a.ncl EI2!} _______________ _
Part II L-f;:ource t.lhlcs __________________________________________ _ ,1\,ppendix.-Courts furnishing statistical matcrial for 1!)2!) ____________ _
11
U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice
123472
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PnRr 1 2 2 5 [; 7 8
10 ]:1 HI In 21 22 23 24 21i 2r; 20 31 6(1
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JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1929
PLAN OF THE REPORT
This report, which is the t.hird Ilnnual report based on data. supplied hy courLR cooperating wit.h the Children's Bureau in the/Ian, for obtaining uniform statistics of delinquency, dependency, an neglect. cases deult with hy juvenile Goucts, is urrnngeu in thiee parts: 1. Gen-, ernl disC'ussion and summary tubles hased upon figures received from ull courts report.ing in 1920; IT. Comparative tables for the three years 1927, 1028, and H120, including a table showing incrense or dccrease in the number of delinquency cnses reported hy court,c; sending cards for two or more yenrs, and comparative summary tables for, the three yenrs; and III. Source tables giving figures for indi vidual courts reporting in 1929. The courts for which figures arc shown in the source tables comprising Part III fnll into two groups: (1) Thoso serving populations of 100,000 or more nnd (2) those sen.-ing populations of 2:i,OOO to 100,000 according to the cemms of 1920.' The tables dealing with whitt seem to be the more significant items show figures for both groups; tho remainder of tho tables show figures (or the first group only. Figures reported by courts serving areas with populations of less Lhan 25,000 in 1920 are not shown in the source tallieR but arc indHded in tho sllmmary tables of Part I. The numbor of cases of ench type reporLed by these courts is shown in tho first of tho summary tables (p. 3). . '. (
I Population figures (or 1930 woro not nvnllnblo whell lhese tnhulntlons were made.
1 .'1
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-PART I.-GENERAL DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY TAnTJES
THE COURTS COOPERATING
Ninct~-Rix ('omts RC'nt,in Rtat.iRticai rtnt-a for the {'ntiro cnJcndnr yC'ur 1929, as ('ompared with 65 courts for 1928 and 43 for 1027.2 'I'll(' nnmes of the 96 ('{lurts r{'port.ing for 1929, with the largcRt, city or-iown in the area served by each court, are giv{'n in the nppNHlix (p. !l2). For conY{'ni{'nce {'a('h court will bo d{'signat.{'cl in all othor plncrs only hy th{' territ,ory ov('r which it has jurisdiction. The ('oopC'rnting courts reported 46,312 deJinqu(,I1ey cnROS, 18,805 dop{'nc/elH'Y nnd negl{'d. CIl."('R, and 10,493 (,Rses of children dischal'g{'d from SlI IH'l'visioIl. The Dlnnb{'1' of caR{,S I'('ported by each court for the Y(,IU' is shown in Table 1. Although all the courts have juriRdiction ()v('r hoth <I('linql.lcncy Rnd dep{'nd{'ncy or negieet cases, 7 courts reported drlinquf'n('y CRses only and 3 reported drpendency or n{'glcct CRR{,S only, Nillrtythree of the courts;, therefore, reported ('as{'s of d{'Jinquency, and xU reported Cll.,,('s of df'.pendency and n{'glret. Sixt.y-~ix COurtR rrpoJ'tNl cases of ('hildren discharged from suprrvision; 61 of th{,Rf'. ('01I1'ls
reported cas{'s of dpHnquen t ehiIdren, nncl48 courts cases of drprndrn t and nrglectrd childJ'rn, Thrse 'figurrR, repJ'{'srnting the num hrl' of ('ourts rrporting rR('h type of casc, will be usrd in the sllmmnry tnbJrR Rnd dis('ussions in this report,
The work of the conrt RS to hoth number and t.yprs of cnses wns reported more eomple(cly by some courts than by othrI'S. Inco1l1-plrte re('.ords or diVIded responsibility in chr('king clmls was rrspollsible for mRny of the failurrs to report.3 All the courl~s were Rsked j.o report unofficiRl cnses, but no such CRses were reported hy 25 4 (,01l1'[.S, nlthough it is probable that in some oC thrse court" a few ('omplnint.s nrc adjusted unofficially. In some courts records arc not kf'pt of unoffiCIal work.
The failure of 30 courts to report Cll."es of children clis(:hal'gf'(l from supen'iRion rony be duf'. to ineomplete prohation records or to thf' prn('tice of allowing cases to become mactive without dismissal or removal from the list or index of active cases,
Table I shows wide variation nmong the courts in the relative number of delinquency ano of dependrn('y Rno noglrct ('aRrs reported for the year. This vRriation is due in part to the ext,rnt to which local ngcncies other thnn the court arc e!ll'ing for drpendcnt aud l}('glected children in the different communities.
• lnvenUe-Conrt Stotlstlcs, 11127 Bnd 1928. United States Children'S Dnrean Publlrntlons No. 1P5 (WflshInglon. 19211) and No. 200 (WlI2hfngton, 1930).
1 The orgnnlmtfon 01 the prollntlon offirr n',ncillted with the conrt, Irom which mosl 01 tho cnnls wrre rCl'ch'l,1 ond Its rclatlon to the conrt dllTrr ITIlm ploco tl) plnco. 1n ~me locnllties this offire Is nn Inh'gml
Imrt 01 the conrt; In oChrr.! IL Is a srpnrnlo orgnnl1f,Uon. The olliro IIIny IlInrtf.m liS a unit or, ,'"prl'j:lll), n Ihp lonzrr conr!.', he divided Inlo srpornto d,'pnrlmrn!... In ~mr comlllnnlti,'s I.hr conrl rrrrlvr ... ,'Il"'
work srnlrn Irom nnoth~r OKeney; lor cI8mplo, n Mnnly chlhl·wrllorc deportment. • Alnhnmn-Fmnklln Co.1ll1y 1IIohile Count)'; IlHnols,-Jtoek 1.lnnd Connty; ].onl.lnnn-llo<;sler nnrl
TABLE l.-NlInlbr.r of bOllS' and lirl,,' drlinqlll'nc!I lInd drpr.C1f and nl'glert cases di.,po"ed of and num/ler 0 cases of childrw di,~c"argcrl from lluperl1i3ion by 96 specified courts during 192!J ~~~~~ "" - -_. -- ,_. -
Delinquency coses J)npenrlenry nnll neglect Cn~!ol r.nscs children
T.ART,E l.-NlImbcr of boy.,' and ?irl.,' delinqlleflCl! and dependency and ncglect case.~ di-~7/(}R('d of and nllm/u'r Q. ca~e8 of children discharged from 811J1crvisioll by 96 specified court.~ during IOe9-Continued
Delfn'lueney rosos I Depenrlenrl' nrHl nrglrrt Co<r, or (,RSes rhilrir:-n
Court
Nortb Dakotn: Third Judlclnl district (In pnrt) ___________________________________ _
Ohio:
_ di.rh"r~rcl
Totnl J noys I Girls I Tom1 I Boys I OIrls fruJl1 SU" pervision
Most of the courts reporting have county-wide jurisdiction, bu t fl few nre serving a city only.s In most of the StR.te of Utnh the jlJvenile courts nrc organized on a district basis, each diRtrict including sevl'ml counLies.s Utah is the only State in which nil the jllvenile courLs reported.
The populations of the areas served by the courts, shown in Tnble i, vnried from less thnn 25,000 to 500,000 or over in 1920. Six of t,he court.s sen'cd populations of 500,000 or over; 24, populntions of 100,000 to 500,000; 49, populations of 25,000 to 100,000; and 17, populat.ions of less than 25,000. Eighty-nine per cent of the delinquency clI.Ses and 85 per cent of the dependency and nl'glect cases were reported by courts coming within the firnt two groups.
The maximum nge of original jurisdiction of t,he gO courts varied from 16 to 21 years. Fifty-seven courts had jurisdiction oyer children under 16 yeR.rs of age;7 5lhtd jurisdiction under 17 yearR;B 25 hnd jurisdict.ion under 18 Yl'nrs;v 9.nd 1 (San Diego County, Calif.) had jurisdiction under 21 yeaTS. Of the remaining 8 courts, 7 (in Indiana) had jurisdict.ion over delinquent and dependent and neglected boys under 16 years, delinquent girls under 18 years, and dependent and negle(',j pel girls under 17 years; find 1 (Rock Island Count,y, IlL) had jurisdiction over boys under 17 years and girls under 18 years.
. . _.-. __ .- ---. -~-~-~--------I Nrw York ~ILy Ineludr.s Ove borouRh~, or COil nlIe." ench of which hn., nsuhdlvlslon or ther.onrt. • Thr. cOllrls ror rm'h "f the rrlllslnllll( rOlllltles, BllhollRh 1I0t orgalliled 011 n dl,Irirt (111111, hnve been
dr:.1t with In two grolll" for ~tntl.lIr:lll)url>osr.s, .. Cnrhon C'Ollllty" IIl1d .. OUter COUlltlt-s." 7:10 In .\Inhmllll, I I" C"nnrll'clirlll, 21n Nrw Jcrsl'Y, 12 ill New York, 1 in North Unrolillll, 4 III P ... lIlsyl.
,"nub, nnf' I in Huur h C:lrolilla. '111I.he Il!slrlrt of ('oillmhln, 3111 LOlIl,hUIR, nlHl I h,lIlh·hlgllll. 'I in lown, 3 io Minoesotn, I 10 Nortb Dnkotn, 9 ill Ohio, I ill Oregon, 710 Utah, 2111 Virgin in, nml1 in
Washington.
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Age.
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1029 e DELINQUENCY CASES
CHILDREN INVor.VED IN TIlE CASES II
5
The extent to which tho nge limitation of original jurisdietioh of the court affected the number of cases dealt with is shown in Table 2.11 Tho Cases of 16 and 17 year old children constitut,ed almost one-third of the boys' clI.Ses and almost two-fifths of the ~irls' cases for which Lhe age of the child was reported in courts haVIng jurisdiction over children undor 18 years, and more thun one-third of the boys' cases lind nlmost two-fifths of the girls' cases in the one court having jurisdiction over children under 21 yeurs. Cases of 14 and 15 year old childron constituted the largest group in courts of each nge jurisdiction under 18 years.
TABI,E 2.-Aoe limitation of original court juri3diction and age of bOilS and girl. dealt with in. delinquency ca.' ell dill[lolleel of by 9,"1 COUTts eluring 1929 I
Delinquency cases
Ago IImltntion of original court Jurisdiction
Age and Bel( or child Under 10 yenTS I Under 17 yenTS Under 18 yenrs Under 21 yeRrs' ToW
Num- Por cent NlIm- Perront Nllm· Per r~nt Num- Per rent distri- distrl· dlstrl· dlstrl-hor hulion ber billion Iocr 1m lion Iocr hUtlon
Age not reportcIL ________ 98 H ... -............ _ .. -_ .......... -- _ .... -....... _ .. b2 ..-............... 2 • ________
-_.- -
180 of the 93 courts reported boys' cnsc., nnd RO, girls' cases. IIlIcIIH!r.s truancy rrlSc.~ ill We.'tchrstcr County, N. Y. (wbere Jurisdiction to 17 years authorized h7
the stllle·wldo or/uclliion bw Is c,rrri.rd). I Incl",lrs Slln J)io~() County, Unlir., only. I Lc.o;s than I I)~r milt.
10 As B nllmbrr of t.ho children wero denlt with moro tbnn onco, th. 4n,312 dollnquoncy C88M reported ror IP2IIropro.'ontod 41 ,Ill! chi"lrcn-~3,703 hoys nnd 7,~08 gIrls. In 11127 nnd 1D:J8 !.nhlos showing Bge nnd social chllrnderi,th,. or I.ho chiltlron Involvoliln tho c"-'os wern hn.<orl on chllilron, 1I0t CMI\', thn In[orm .... ti<\!l nllollt tho .-JIII.\ conlllir,erl In tho rreonl or tho first cnso dl'Jlo.ed 01 dllring tho yrnr I1l!IIIR Il~ed. A eomparlsoll or (ahlr-s nlillting to ~ocinl tint" h,,<",1 on chlldron and on CIL5CS rovI'I\I",llIoslgnincnnt .. "f.renros In prr crnt III,trlhlll.lllll. ;\11 tnhles for lUlU nro thereforo bnsrd 011 casrs, IIlIch child helng conn led ... , mnny tlrlll~~ .llIring tltn rnar lIS ho WILq rcrerred on n 1I0W complnlnt.
II 'I'h(- inc-llIsiAII in th .. tnhlllS of n f.-w (·"So~ of rhilrlroll boyond tho ngo of orlglnnl Jurlslllrtlon may be c,"lnirll'd hy I he rllrl. that. 501110 rourls I",vo Jllri,tiil'lion hCYUIIII tho ngr 01 (lfl~III'11 Jllri.,IIr.1 Inn In cortllin ~ltTln' inlls: fur (''tnmplr. It (':\'''r ill whh'h thr nlTrnsn wn:; ('oll1f11iflf'.1 Iw(nrr thr n~f~ limit was rrllchrd, oqm thouJ!h Iltn (':1..0:;;0 di,l nut t'UlIH~ 10 Ihn :11'1'111 hili flf 1 Iw ('Ollrt 1IIIIIInrtc'fwnnl. JlIHI n f':I~{'I in wlJidlllchlld made: n ward hdaro roachiug: tho ago limit was IIrow;hL IIrforc tho court 011 J\ now char.:c.
6 - JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1 gzg
Color and nativity. Colorrd boys wore involved in ono~Rixth nnd color(ld girlfl in one
fifth of the ddinqu('nry cn...c;es for whtch color of child was reported by t.he COllrt.s. (See Table 3A, below)
Few children of foreign birth are report9d to the courts in delinqu{'ncy cases. This is douhtless duo, at loast in part, to tho fact thnt a smaiIor proport.ion of the foreign-born white population than of tho native-born white population is of juvenile-court nge. .
Inform~tion regarding the nativity of tho parr.nts of the nativeborn white c.hildren, whoso cnses constituted the largoRt proportion of the delinquency cnses, wns obtftined in the 31,264 cnRes shown in Table 3B_ In only two-fifths of the delinquency CRSes of nativo-born whito girls were one or both pnrents foreign born. Tho situation is rrv('rsrd, however, in rosl'S of native-born w!lite hoys who hecamo delinquent. In slightly moro tlum onr-half of tho boys' cases, one or both parents were foreign born.
TABLE 3A.-Color and nativity of bOy3 and gir13 dealt with in delinquency caau di.~posed of by 9:3 tourl., during 19i39 I
1 E~ch"lrR COSOS or chlidron ror whom pnrent nativity WAS not reportod. "S9 01 the 93 courtareportod boys' CllSCS. and 86, girls' cnsos.
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JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 11)20 e 7 Where livIng when referred to court.
In two-thirds of the cases of delinqnent boys, but in Rlij!ht,ly less than one-half of the casos of dC!llnqllent girh; for whom this information was reported (Table 4), the children worc living with boUl their own parent,s when they were rr.forred to court. This rather striking diITNence between boys and girls is prohahly due to severnl fnctors. The lack of normal family lifo may plllY a more significant part in the delinquency of girls than of boys. It is gPllOrnlly conceded that the difficulties which bring girls into court are usunlly more serious in character and more closely related to home conditions than the difficulties of boys.
TABLE 4.-1Vhcreabnut~, when referred 10 court, of bOll~ and girlll dealt with in delinquC11cy ca.'C3 disllO.wl of by 98 r.ollrl.~ during 1.929 I
Whereabouts or child Totsl
Pcr ~ent Number I distri
bution
])l'"nfjtlcnc~: cnses
Doys GIrls
Per cent I I Per ront Number 1 t11~lrl· Number dl~trl-
t 80 of Ule 93 courts reported boYl!' c.\305, nnel 86, Khls' CMes. t Less thlUl 1 l.er cen t.
SOURCES OF REFERENCE TO COURT
8M , __ ._._ ....
The distribution of tho sources from which cases 0.1'0 refotTod to court is some indication of t.he relation of the court to tho community. The proportion referred by such sources as parents and rcrativos, other individuals, nnd social agencies shows to a certain extent whether the court is regarded as a general agency to deal with all oonduct problems or only as an agency to deal with cases of marked conflict with public authority. More than haH the cases shown in Tahlo 5 were reported by the police. Parents or relatives, or other individuals, referred one-fourth of the cases. Prohation officers were reJmrted I1S sourco of reference in a small percentage of the cases.12
II Some courts mny have roportGlI the person signing tI.n potlllon rathor than tho PArsO, mnltlnl\: the milnal complaint, thw reporting" probolion officer" 00 lho source In cnsll9 actually rererred Df othen.
8 e JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1929
TAnr.F, i').-SOllr('r of rrferrnce (0 COllr( of clclinqlll'nCl! CaRl'S di"poud of by 9:'J collrl., during t.92!J
Source not reported ____________________________________ .. __________ • ______________ • f.o
PLACES OF CARE PENDING HEARING OR DISPOSITION
Table 6A ghows that more than half the delinquont chilorrn Wf'm not detninl.'d pending the hoaring or disposition of their cag(,s, or t,he-ir cas('s w('ro disposed of on the day the complaint WitS made. For Ihe children who were detained, a diversity of plnces were used Itccording t.o the facilities available in the local community. Detont.ion hOllll'S
were lIsl.'d in one-fourth of the cases. Practically all the caS(,fl of children cared for in detention homes were reported by eomls sj(,uIlt('d in cities or counties of 100,000 or more population. Although a number of courts reported the use of institutions other thnn dl.'tf'lItion homes, including the instit,utionaI resources of privl1.te ag(meif'H, the majority of the cases in which children were so cared for W('J'O
reported by the Now York City court. (See Tahle VII, p. 51.) Five llCr cent of the boys and two per cent of the girls were dl'l,llilll'ci in jai s or police stations. In all 1,8!Hi children, of whom 713 WI'I"O
under the age of 16 years, were detained in jltils or police !ltntiomL 13
A marked difference is shown in the type of d('tention cnre ~iv('n children over 16 yenrs of a~e and (,hat gIven yOllnger childn'lI. A smaller pereental{e of the older children were detained in dplr-nlioll homes and other lllstitutioIlS and a larger percentage in jnils 01' police st,ations.
II Although courts using th~ cnrd. were In~tructrd that a child hrld lor 8 low hour~ only shollld not he con.hlrrrl\ drtnlnrd, It Is prohnblr thnt some oC the children rfporled fl." dntnlnrd In Jnlls Ilr plllil'(' stalinns wer. hrlrl Cor n Crw hnurs only, nnti nolov.rnlght. A Cew court., stated thnt n" detention rO"III" Illrchihlrcn Wfl.' located In the courthouse or In the Joli. Detentlon In the snme building as tho Jnll WBS cllISsillcd .... detenlion In Jnll.
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JUVENII,E-COURT STATISTICS. 192~ 9
TAnT,1': fiA,-Plarr of carr. pnnrlill(/ hrnri1l.(/ or rli"!ln.,i/inll and aYI! nf boy" and flirl! r/"nlt 1I'ilh in ddillqllcIICY ((W'.' dis{JO.,rd of b!l !):J cnlLrl~ rlllring 1929 I
==== __ ... ===:-==.==---:=-z.,.-'·
PIneo 01 ('I1ro nm! sal of child
Totnl Umler 14
ycnrs
DrllnrlUNICY CnSM
Ago or child
14 ,·rnr,. 16,·rRrs. I I~ ~rnrs ull;lrr 16 unilcr III Rmi <l~er
I JIg 01 tho 93 courts rnported hoys' Cll5es and 8~, girls' CS!M. I v,<s limn 1 por cont. 'Tnrludrs Cfl.'rs oC rhllflren cared Cor pArt 01 the tlmo In dflenfion homes !lnd part or tho tlme el!Owbel1l,
hut olrhllles rnsrs 01 child ron nlso beld In Jnlls or polire ~tntloll •. i gxrlullrs rn~e., 01 chlldron hold III dotenlion homes, Jnils, or police stations. I Not shown becnusu number 01 cases wns Irs< tllnn SO.
Table 60 shows that white boys were more frequently cured for in . their own homes or had their cases disposed of the same day, t,han tho colored hoys, and that a lnrger proport,ion of the colored than of tho ,vhite wero cared for in detention homes or in jails or police stations. Approximately the snmc proportion of white and colored girls had l,hOlr cases disposed of the same day or were allowed to remain in j,heir own homes. But in the case of girls cared for in place:l othei' than their own homos, detention home'S were Ilsed more freqlll.'ntly for colorf'd girls nnd institutions ot,her than dett'ntion homes for the care of ",hiLt' girls.
-10 JUVENIJ,E-COURTSTATISTICS, 1 gZg
TA~L1'J lill.-Pillce of care prndinu hearing or di~po.~ition and color of bOY3 and girl! dralt with in delinquency callell dil!posr,z of by 9."J c(JUrlll durin" 1!)!29 I
Delln'luenry CMo.'
Placo 01 care nnd scx or child
Tolol
White chlld,,·n Colored rblldrcn h
I (' Ildren
I who::e
Numb~r dlstrl- Number/ rJf<'rI- ~~~:l~~ PH rrnt Per rrnt l'olor
Jail or \"'Iirn 5tnUon_________________________ 1.741 1,321 4 420 7 On y Jllnr~ of rnre ___________ .___________ I, rJ03 1,143 4 300 0 One of the rln~5 orc.re.________________ 21~ 178 1 60 I
Morp limn ono Jllnc~ oC caro ,________________ 2i9 214 1 35 1 Olher pineo of enre__________________________ 1M HI (I) 23 (')
PI9<.'O of care not reported _______________________ 2.".0 222 --.... _ ....... -
::~ r::::;~: -----:~ Oir15' CII-"1lS ________________________________ 7,851 6,210 .-------. PlAce of csre reported ___________________________ 7, iOG 6,1114 100
PIRro of rMC not reportrd _______________________ 61 65 -- ... -.. -_ .. - n 1 __ .. __ .. ___ 1. ___ ..... ___
, 8P of tho 9~ courl~ reportrd hOYR' ClISCS amI Hft, girls' cnsos. , J.o",< thnn I prr ~l1t. 'Ind"rlr~ rAse' of rhilrlrrn corNl for port of the tlmo In dctentlon homes lind part of the tlmo elsowhore,
hut ",d"de, cr~'.' oC rhilllrrn nlRo hl'l<l in jnil" or pollr. N!ntions. •• Excludes cascs of cbilllrell heIr! In detention hOlnR<, jnils, or police stntlons,
REASONS FOR REFEHENCE TO COURT"
AlthOllgh an nu,rmpt is hring mndo to s("curc uniCormit,y in the lise of lerms, t h£> r("nsons r(,,}JOrtrd for refrrring children t.o court.s as delinquents give n vt'ry incomplete pictlln~ of (.heir lwhavior problems. A child may have commit,t.ed sovernJ offenses at or ahout the snmo t.ime hut be rl'ferred to the court, on only ono of them. The specific offense for which he is r("fl'rred may be much less srrious than offt'nses dis('oyered in the COllrnc of the ~;ocjal inveRtigation. When the cnRC is investigated hefore the filing of a petition instead of afl,erwnrd, the formal chnrgr is usunlly more accurate, but, evt'n in such cnscs t.ho offense stated in t.he complnint may reflect t,he d('sire of the COlll't to protect the child.'5 Thrse differClnces in the attitudes nnd practices or the court nrc appnrl'llt in the proportion of cnses referred for the varicHls rensons by the different courts. (See Tables lILA, IlIn, pp_ 40, 42_)
.. 'fhn trrm "rhnrJ(e" wn.'"5rrlln rnrllerrepnrt~_ II A .:irl may hI' ,·lmrgr.1 wil II ill"')fri~ihllitv in51rad OfR ,nx nfTrn.p, n hoy wIth mischIef Instend ofstenllng,
or 8l'1l~n~t' of hurr;Jary :llHll'nlry 1", rrdnrr;l 10 tn'~pa!'~im! allli l~kinJ! tho property of another.
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--JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1929 11
It if! generally nccepted that I.h(' ofTt'nseR for which hoys nnd girls nre rcr("J'I'C'd to court, rcprmHml, difTerl'nI. delinfJ\lcncYJrohlems. Table 7 A shows (,hat II stenling or ntl.elllpted stealing" an "nct, of cnrele2sneHS or mischief" wel'e the most, 1lslIal offenses reported in boys' enses, wherens tho dosely related ofTrnH~s or "running awn,," lIungovemahlo or beyond pnrentnl control," and IIsex offense' were reported more often in girls' cnses.
TADLE 7J ... -Rcn.,on for reference to court and color of boy" and girl6 deal! with in delinquency case.' di.,po"cd of flY 98 court.' during 1929 1
Drlln'lurncy ClIlIo._
Whll. rhlldren Cnlored chllrlren Rcnson ror rc!crrnro to court,. Bnd scx of 1 ChlfdAn
child I 1Oho~ Prr crnt Prr rent Por cent col.:.'
'fotnl
Num- rll<trl- NUIII- rll<trl- Num- dls!rl- .""" not her bullon brr bullon bcr hulion reporled
Trunncy______________________________ 3, :120 9 2, Q~n 9 377 II 13 Running IIwny .... ___________________ 2,433 6 I, Hr.4 6 368 II 211 U ngn\'crnnhlo or beyond pnrontnl con-1m!.. _ ______________________________ 2, flllO Brx ofTrnse .... ________________________ flIlR J/lJury fir nttolllPtotllnjnrr. to pr.rRon. 1.0:;3 Art fir earelr."nr5.1 or IIlI~r .I.r.. .. ___ .. 1O,lij/~ Vlolnting lil),,"r or .Irug Inw, or Inloxl-
The distribution of offen~('s for white nnd colored children, though nppafNltly quite similar, is significantly difft'rcnt. White hoys wero rcferl'rci t.o ('.Ollrt moro frl'qllt'nll.y I,hnn colored fOf "t.rtll1.ncy" and act of carrlessncss or l11i~chil'f, wherrlls ('olol't'd boys wero referred
12 I)
JUYENILE-COURT STATJRTIC8, 1929
f{lrRt{'alin~ ~mrl "injllry or II U('mpt<'.c1 injury to p~rROTl "mor(' fr('quf'nfl}T thnn thl' "whit£' hOYR. An nnnlYl"IR of t.Iw Y!lrlOIlS forms of st£'nling shows tha,t whi t(' hoys w('ro r('porl ('el for "hur~lnry or unlawful ('II t.ry" mOr(' often than ('olored hOWl nm! that ('olored hovs wero rf'ff'rred for "oUter typC' of s{<'aling" iuoro oft('n tl1fln the '~·hite. WhiLe gidR wero rf'f('rr('d more fr('quC'ntIy t.hon ('olor('ri for truaIlcy, whereas ('olor('d girlR Wf'r(' r('frrT('d mort' oftt'n thnn whitt' for injury 10 IH'rSOIl. The otht.'r 0If('nst'5 show('(l1ittlt' difft'rt'nce for whito ond color('d girlR.
T AJI'LE 7n.-Pcr cent dislribution according 10 rm.oon for refercnce (0 Caliri of C'n8C'S (If h(l!11I and girls of cach age period dealt lI'illl in delinqucncy C'n8C8 disposcd of b" .'J.'1 cOllr/., during 1929 1
Renson for refercnce to court, and ~rx oC child
Drlin'lllrllry rnses
I : Age of child
Totnl, • 10 12 H 1ft IR U ndrr, yr~u~. yr!1rs, )"r'lfS, yr'lfS, Yt':\r:~. Not V~'?r5 'IIn·lrr ulIllcr unllrr IInller lIlI,l p ret' d >, I 12 14 10 18 onr or r
Stenllng or ntt(,Olpt<>r1 strnlllll: •••• __ •• _ ••••• _ •• A uloll1ohllr st(,Allnl! .••••• __ •• _ •••••• "_'" JJllr~lnry or IInhwCul entry ••••• _._ •• , •• _. Rohnery ••• _ •• _ .••• _ ••••••• _ •• _ •••••.••••• Olher Iypo of stealing ........... ": •••. _ ••••. Type oC stenling not reporle.!.. ••• _ ••.•.•••
Trt1'n('~· ••• ____________ .................. ___ •• ___ .... __ ... ltllnning flwny _. ____________ ...... _____ ... , ........ ___ _ tlncoHrnnhl(, or hryond pnrrnlnl conlrol •.•• ff" ulTrn~e_. ______ ..... ___ ~_ .. __ w~.~. _ ._~~ ____ . IIIJmy or nlkrnrtrrl InJllry to ]>('<:'00 •••••••••• ... \ rl or l"1lr("h'~~lIr~ or rni .. rhirL~ ____ . ~ ~ MW •• M __ ~ Yiolnflm: 1II]lIor or drug In". or Inlo<lrntlOll_ •• (II hrf r('n~oll ~~_~_. ________ ~ __ • __ • ~ • ¥ _ • w •• _ ~ __ _
II 22 23 16 n R • ___ ••• 1 Ii (I) 1 (I) (I) (') .-.-__ ., ____ ••.
I 5 1 J 1 (') • ___ •••••••• __ 1(1) 21(') 1 :I o 12 12 II 4 5 I :I 5 7.5 3 2 I
It 19 II 13 15 H J.1 I. 4 R 14 21 J4 W 26 18 ' 2'2 30 2R 2:1 27 HI i 7 H 10 30 . __ ••• _, HI 3 4 8 4 2 7 _._ •• _. 7 20 29 8 5 5 ._._._. ~a 1 (.) <'l 1 2 ._ •• __ • __ ...... 2 (I) 1 2 3 . __ •••• : a
, fl9 DC the 111 comts rrported hor~' Cll-~S nnd 86, gIrls' CBSCS. • {",s< tllnn I prr cent. I Not sho"'" brcnu>., ",'Olher of cll-<es WItS Ir.<;.~ thnn 50.
The types of off('nses committC'd by children vary with thrir og(', reflecting changing intem~ts nnd IHII·Ruits. Tnble 7n shows t.hot the offenses committ('(\ by girls under 12 yenr~ of age cOH('sponded morf' clORdy to those ('ommitt('(i by bOYR of thnt nge group t.illl,n did th(' off<>nst's of 01drr girls to those of older boys. J n boys' Clts('s stenling nnd ncts of cnr('lesRn('sR or mischi('I were th::- ll1njor offenses in each ngo group lIndpr 18 yenrs, nlthough t,hp, t.ypc of stcnling chang('rl ItR thC' boys ~r('w old('r. 11'01' tlte grOIl)) 18 yf'n.rs nnd over, in whieh the lTInjorit.y of Ulf' cn~C's Wf'fC r('port('r1 h.v Snn Dirgo COllnty, CnEL, slf'nling was still one of the llllljor oli'ensf's, hilt, t,he pf'rcrntnge rc-
e
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JUVENII,F,-coun'r STATfSTTCS, H12() e 13' fer red for bejn~ ungovernahle wns grl'nter tlmn that r('fcrred for acts of cnrclrsRnC'RR or llJiRChiC'L (Tn CliIi fornill, eOllrts ho.ve only concurrent jurisdktion brt\\"C'on t.he ngrs of IR nnd 21 yPurs, nnd many cases of ,Young pC'opie in t.his IIgn gl'Oup are dellll, with by adult courts.) In girls' CORrs tho percentages referred for running nway. being ungoyernnblc, nnd sex orrel1l'H's worn .lnrger for the higher than for the lowC'r oge groups. In bot.h boys' nnd girls' ('.nses the percentage 1'0-frrred t.o court for nets of cnrC'lossneRs or mischief decrensed as the ogo of the children incl'ens('(l, nlt,hough the decren.qo was much more Jll'OllOUllCod in girls' thnn in boys' caS(,R, while the percentages 1'0-fnrr{'d for ROX oll'cnsrs ILnd violn t.iom; of liquor or drug IlLws or intoxi{'alion I'Ose ns the nge of the childrnn increased.
D1fl1'O:>ITIONS
Individuol courts showed wide vltriot.ion in the ext.ent to which dirrcront ty[lrs of diR[lositions wrf(l used (See To,hIes IVA, IVn, pp. 41, 46.) Such varintionR nfO due in mony instances to differences m eourt pro('.rclure and prn.ctice. For im;t:mcn, the number of official f'ltsC's dismissed or eon t.in lied indefinitely 16 is small if cuses aro i'nv('stignted before the filing of n, prtiLion nnd trivial cases nre denlt with IlnolllcinlIy nnd dropped. The proportion of cases in which tho ehild is p1ncecl on probat.ion is influenced by several factors, among thrill the number of cases dismissed or eonLinued indefihitely upon first hearing, the extent to wliieh unofficial probnLion is used, tho 10('.nl inRtit.lltions uyailnble for short-time commitments, and the care \vith which childrpn are RC'lpf'ted for probation hot.h as to those likely to profit by it !tnti as to the courL's fltcililies for giving adequatE' Sll pcrvisioll.
Officlnl cnsell. .
Tahlo RA shows the extrnt. to wllich different types of dispositions were used by the court.s in officinl c1p\inquellcy cnses. Placing the child on Jll'olmtioTl was the disposition mORt, fr('(fll('ntiy used. The number of eases dismissecl 01' continlled indefinitely was nlso large; in Il. smnller nmnbrr the child['('n were cOIllmitted to institutions. Only aboul. one-Rcventh of t.Iw cast's wrl"C disposed of by nny other method than one of theRc three. Altho\lgh {,he sn.mc percentnge or boys nnd girls were pln,ced on probation, tlw pl'rcentngo·o£ cases dismissed or {'ontinued indefinitely was Iltrg('r for boys nnd tho percentnge of cOlllmiLments to illRtitutiol1s wnR lorger for girls. Other slight, diffo[,(,IlC('R in tho methods of deltling with boys and girls are shown in this tubic. The types of dispositions reported in cnses of white and color('d children show some diITl'r('nces: whito children were reluti.vplv more apt to be lined than the colored; colored ehildren W('fe more often committed Lo boards, departments, or ngencies than the white.
"Tho Chl<;.~ificaUon .. ~Mo dlsml~~orl" WM ""'cl Cor rl\.'O" eln<",1 wit hOllt Cmlhrr nrUon, Cll-<~~ rcforrod to olher {'unrl~ Cor rOllllllltlllrnt to III~til,lIt inlls Cnr It ... r",·hh··lIlill"~d. ",,,1 {'''<es di"",t~sr(1 hr('nllso DC IBet or jllri!{fli('llon in tlil' jUYl'lliin ('olIrl.. I 'a~I'~ wI'n' C'OII!'lfh'frd n~ 11('0,,1 illlH'd imll'fillih'ly" "'hrf1 110 rurlhrr 11('11011 wa~ tak(111 or ::;Ul'ervi~ioll glvon I h,' t·hilcln'lI r 1I11f. whl'lI Jllri!'clic" inn Wil,lI rnninlnhu·tJ so thnt Ir n Ilk .. ~i1t1l\li"" :lrOSII hler tho ellSI) ",i~:hl. tl(' hrull~hl. inl" I·"ml IIgnill wll hnlll t h~ filillg oC n new potll.loll. Cn~('s ur t'hitflrtm pln('('d on prnhal ion to Imn'llf~ III' c'orn111 illt-d to ill!" itlll ions witlll'ommitmciltsusponded whl'n no rllrlllt'r nelioH wn.'I\ ('ontl'IIlIIJal('c1 W('fO also (~Iaf>,.~crl ns "continuod iuul'finil(lly." •
14 e JUVENII,E-COURT STATISTICS, 1029
TARLE 8A.-Di.,pollilion of COSC' (tntl r:olor of 1/0](., and girls dralt 1I'rfh in o.flici(// delinquency I'Olfrll tiillfloarcl of by 8!J ('olll'is til/ring 1929 I
Offil'lnl (kllnQurncy rnsrs
Tntnl , ""~lto chlltlr;; (,,,I,lTrd children' Chlld .. 'n ::-,lsposlUon oC C!lsr Rnd sex oC ~h!ld -~--- _______ 1 "hn!;£':
I SO or the 03 courl' rpporllng delinquency Cll.1eo reporle(1 official delinquency cnscs; 87 or the 89 court. reporled hays' CIL'CS nn.1 i6, girls' cnses.
, Less lbBn 1 per cent.
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JUVENIlJE-COUItT STATISTICS, 1929 fa 15
TA TlI,I, RA.--ln'llo"ition of fa"r. anti rnlor oj l)n!/., onti !lirl~ dealt lt1i1h in official tlrl1'lI/f llrllCll r((u" rIi,'lJO"rrl of II!! sn rllllri., d'lrit," 1!J2!J-Conlilillcr\
T A nr,F) RR.-Per cent (li~fribufion, of'cordin(l 10 di.,pn"ition of caM~ of bOYIf and girlll of each age period dealt Vlith in officiol drliTI/fllC7ICll C(l~C,' di"p03crl of by 89 courl" during lfJ29 I
I sn oC Ihr n:l rnmls r.porlln~ ,Irllnqupncy cnsc~ reported offirlnl <!cllnrluency CAses; 87 01 the 89 courts roported hoy::;' ,':1':1':: and ;n, virl:;' I'n~r:;.
:I Lr,-; I hnn 1 pl'r "f'1I1, I Nul sh(IWI1 "('I''''I~(I nlll11hrr or l'n~cs \\as ll'r.s thnn 50.
Both t.he age of the child and the chnrncter of his offense affect the disposition of his case. Tnhle 8n shows \,he relat,ion between the dis .. position of the case nnd the nge of the child, nnd Tahle Bc, between the disposition of the case and the reason given for referring the child to court.
Table 8n shows II. larger pel'ccntltge of cases of boys under 10 yoers of age than of older boys dismissed or continued indefinitely and R
steadily increasing percentage of commitments to institutions in each higher age period. Comparison of the age group 16, under 18 yCI\r8 with age groups under 16 yean~ shows that ill a smaller percentage of the older group than of each of the younger groups the case was dismissed or contmued indefinitely or I,he hoy placed on probation. In a higher percentage of the older group than of each of the younger groups the disposition was one of a miscellaneous list classed as "other." The age group 18 years and over in which percentages were based on II. small number of cases (52), the majority reported by one court (San Diego CounLy, Calif.), may be excluded from con-sideration.
In cases of girls under 10 years of age dismissal or indefinite continuance constituted a mueh larger percentage and probation R much smaller percentage of the dispositions than in each of the higher ago groups. As in boys' cases, commitment. to institutions constituted an increasing percentage of the dispositions as the age of the girls in creased.
Table 8c shows that with a few except.ions the treatment (or differ-ent tlpeR of offenses waR quito similar in .boys' and girls' case!]. Dismlssal or indefinite continuance was the disposition most often IIsed in both boys' and girls' cases when the offense was truancy, injury or attempted injury to person, and act of carelessness or mischief. Probation was the most usual disposition in cases o( both hoys and girls eharged with stealing, runnin~ away, and being ungovernahle. The contrast in methodR of dealIng with boys nnd girls committing sex offenses is striking, probation being wled most oftl'n for boys and commitment to an institution for girls. In a group oC miscellaneous offenses classed as "other" dismissal or indefinite continuance was used most often for the boys and commitment to an institution for the girls. 17
Unofficial cases. Sixty-four of the 93 courts reporting delinquency caRes disposed of
cases unofficially. Tahle 9 shows thnt a large percentage of theRe cases were dealt with either by adjust.ing the difficulty or by dropping t.1~a case without action of any sort. In a smnll percentage of the caRes children were placed on linofficial'prohation, and in still smaller percentages they were referred to institutions or agencies. The return of runaways or children living away from home to their homes also constituted a smull percentage of the cases,
n The high Jll)rcentn~~ of oOlTllTlltments to In~tJtllllons In the oases of girls whoso oUon:.e wllS clllSWd BI "othor" Is UIIO to thu ligures reporteu by ono COllrt.
1'8 . eVFJNILE-COURT 8'rATISTICS. 1029
T .. mr.l'l 1J.-7Ji,~p(J~mon of ((/,.r and coTor of hoy~ (lnd (lirT,. draU wilh in lInofficial rirlinqurnry ca,.es disposed (If by 64 rOIlTl1I during 1!Jf!,'1I
" -'~.,.. - ===== Unomclnl d~1inqll(lncy cn.~s
'fotRI TInys OIrls Df.oIDo.11l10n of ('lISr /lnd color of child
. - --- --.. -~ .. --~--161 nf thr 113 (,OllrlS rrporUo!! drllnqllenry r .. <c., rrporlnrlunoffidal dr'lin"III'''''Y r .. ,,·s; [,r, ul L111' II~ <'(II IrIs
fl'I'nrtt'fl \lOyg· ~~\.~('!I> a,ntl f,t:). ~ir'~" C'm;rs. '.'"plll's only 10 rII'"IWIIYS or cbllrlren living flwnY from thplr owo homrs fit timr th(IY were rcl"rrt'd to
COHr1 . • I,. ,,. I.Imn I prr crnt • • ;'\lo:,.,shuwn hec:m!=c n\lmhr.r or (";lsr~ wlL'llrss than 50 ..
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fJ\4t
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTfCS, H12!l - 19
DEPENDENCY AND NEGLECT CASES
Although the proport.ion8 of depend('ncy nnd n('F1«:'.ct nnd of d('linfJunncy cnRm; rl'portl'<\ hy the differenL COUl't~ ~howC( much vnrintion,I8 c1C'prndnncy nnd ne~lrri, cnRr!'; ~en('rlllly rOllsti {,1I trd a sTllnller part, of t hr work of thr ('0111'1 s thnn dplmq Heney em;es.19 Srven rourtR delliing wi'1,h delinquent rhil<in'n tlid not report lirpendellcy nnd neglect I'm;cs. cmf.OREN INVOLVEO IN TilE CAS.:S"
'1'a1>les 10, HA, 11 TI, nnd 12 show the Ilge, s('X, mca, nativity, nlllivit.y of parents, nnd whereaboutB wlH'n rrferred to court of children dealt with in dependency and nl'glecL enSl'S. Nel1rly I1S mnny boys as girls wer~ denlt with in t\WRO cnse!; in which the children were fnirly ovenly distrihuted in the nge groups under 14 yent'S. 'fhe number who were 14 and 15 yenr!'; of nge was slightly smaller thlln tho numhers in tho lower age groups, 1U1<i the number 16 yenril of ngo or older was very small. .
A compnriRon of 'l'ables llA and 3A shows prnctically no difference in the distribution of dependency nnd neglect cnses n.nd delinquency cnses among whiLe nnd colored children; neither is t.hero any significall t difference in the percentnge of native and foreign-born children referrml in theso two types of cnscs,21 However, thero is 0. marked diJTerence in tho two types of cosos if the parent nativity of tho nativo white group is consid('l'ed, n. much In.rger proportion of the children del11t with in dcpcl1l1cney nnn neglect cnses hein~ of native pnrentnge Own of those denlt with in delinquency cnses ('I nbles lln and 3D).
In litHe more th~n oIle-fourth of the dependency nnd neglect cases wero tho children living with.hoLh of their oWIlJ)arents when referred to court. Familirs were hroken hy death, ivorce, desertion, or other causO in ahout one-hnlf of the cnses, ns shown by the number of children living with a pnrent and step-pnrent or with onlv one parent, and it is probable that most of the fnmilies were simlInrly broken in tho remainder of the cnses, ulmoRt one~fourth, in which children wpre living in ndoptivc or ot.her family homes, illBtitutions, and else-whero (Table 12).
" Thl~ vnrlatlon In tho proportion of doprnrloncy nn<1 nr~lcrt ROIl dolln'llloncY cases I~ dlle 10 ~evel1ll fnelnrs, Among them thol,rnctlcc In some rOllrts of filing I.h. romplnlnt oRnlnsL th" ndull r~spon<lhlo lor ~he rkprlltloney or no~lrct nstcntl 01 Itrln~llIg the chillirtn Inlo court ns .'npendellt or nrglt't'lrll. Another fnr:lor Is tho policy III wille locnlitles of hrillgln~ 10 tho nUrnllon of tho rOllrt only thosodrJlrnrtrocy Rnll 1I,'~Ir'rt cnSM which rOl]lIlro commitment or Ic~,,' tled"lon ns to cllslod), or I'flreolnlllhllg:lllon, In other I{l{."lftles tho court Is tho principal or ooly locn! IIKency cnrlng (or s!:ch chihfrcn, (· ... cs of mothers' nllow· onr,'s, which Cr~l]lIrotly nrc oumlnlstored hy courts, nro nOllnclutlcd In thll tnhlllnlloll$.
"In 3201 the coll1ls reporting holh .lrlllHluNlry lind dnp<'ndenry nnrlllrglcct cnses the nllmh~t of deprnd"ncy find !lrglcot ellSes wns grrnter thnn tho t1l1mhcr of dl'lIlIqllrnry cu.<es, 1\105t oC thrs. werc smnll cr,IIrts III Alnhnmll where thOCOllllty sHporintcnrlrnt of child wellMr Is nlso probation onicrrollho JIIHllile court, In slIch !dtuntlons It 15 frcrl"ently dllilellit for the worker 10 dlSllnglllsh between unomclAI Ju"enllorourt rnseS nnd other c1111d.wcllnro CIIS{j.<. Three Alllhnmil courls r<'!,ortc<1 urpcmlcocy ami neglect cnSC.'l
hut no delinqUM1CY ellsrS, ,~ As II uumhrr of tho. chlldr"n ",ere drnlt with moro thAn once, tho tR.RO~ dcpcn<'loncy fln<1 nrglrct CR.%!! rt'presrnted 1~,2~i chlldron, In 1027 IIlId 11I2R tllhles showlnJ( nge nnd sorlAI chnrnclrrlslirs of Ihe chlMron III\'ol",.d III till' ,,"SrS woro hll."011 on .. chlltlrNI" not" CII.<I'S," tho Infnrlllillinn ol'out tho chllrl contnlnrliln J.I,,' roronl oC the Orst cnse rlisposr<1 olllmlllR lho yrllr hrinJ( 1151"1. ""omlmrisllu "l tllJoles ,,'Iflling 10 <orlRI dnln hn<ed on childrell 11011 on r .. <,'s rewnk" DO siRlIlOeAnt rJlllorrllrr, in 1'''' ,'rnt ,lislrIhlltion, A II tnhlrs for 111211 nro t.hrreforo hnserl on cnses, eneil child Itrlng countl'd liS 1II11ny tin",s <luring tho yrnt M h~ was rt'r,lrrf'cl on n l1rW C'nrnlllnint. " 'I'ho nppnren!. dllfl1rrl'co In tho tnhlos Is uuo to the large nllDlhor of dolinqueocy CIISes In which onUvlty
C!! chi"l ~Ill! 1101. rOl'ortl"I, •
20 e JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1929
TABLt: lO.-Age.! oj children dealt wifh in dcpendrncy and neglect cn:,e.~ disposed of by 89 courts during 19£9
Whereabouts not rc(.ortcn ... ______ • ___ • _________ • ____ • ___________ • _____________ •• __ 1 2, MO
SOURCES OF REFERENCE TO COURT AND REASONS FOR REFERF,~<CE
27 2 :I
31 18 1
I~ a 1
Since severnl children in a family may be referred to court at the same t.ime and for t.he same reason, t.he families represented as well as the children's eases are shown in Tables 13 and 14. Each family was counted only once for each time it was dealt wit,h by the court on 8
new complltmt involving one or more Gf the children. It is to be expected that soeial agencies would be one of the most
import.ant sources of reference in dependency and neglect cases. In some locnlil.ies the court prefers to havo such cases investigated first by a sorinl agency so that only those nctunlly nreding court action nre brought to court. In other localities the court undertakes the initial work and receives complnints from any intercsted persons including paHmts nnd rel,d,ives. Tnble 13 shows that the largest group of families wcro refcrred by social ngcncies and the next largest by parents and relatives, these two groups referring almost three-fourths of the families.
Some form of neglect 22 on the part of parents or guardians, and situat.ions involving dependency 2J primarily, were the two major reasons for referring fa~ilies to court. The proportion of famihes referred for each of these two reasons was the same, more than twofifths of tho total number. Less than one-tenth of tho families were referred for reasons related to questions of custody and II. still smaller proportion for other reasons.
II Abnndonmenl or desrrtlon, nbuse or cruel trealment, ImproP<'r eon<lltlons In Ihe home, n Thcconrls wrro Mkecllo Inlerprrllhc t.rm "Insumclent parentnl enre," us woll us "nonnelal need," lIS
Inability, rather th~n neglect, to provide lor ~hlId(cD.
"(
22 - J1JYENII,E-COl:mT STATISTICS, ] !l2!)
TARJ,E 13.-Srmrcr of reference tn COllrt (lnd f(fmilir.~ rrl/rr..~cnrr.rI in dcprnd('ncll alld ilcglcrl ea .• c:! di:!l/Osrd (If //!f S.? courls durin!l J.f];?:J
The detention of dependent and neglected children presen ts problems different from those involved in the detent.ion of delinquent children. A compnrison of Tnhles 6A and 15 shows that bonrding homes ond other institut.ions were 11['\e<1 more frequently in dependency nnd neglect cases than in delinquency cases. The Inrge numher ?f cases if! ,"J?ich. depe~dent an.d n~~lected c!lildre!l were. detained m "other InstItutIOns" IS due pnmanly to the mcluslOn of flgurel"l for New York and I'hiladelphin.. Almost three-fourths of the ('.n<;eR of children so detnined wPJ'e reported by these two ('.ollrts. (See Tn-hIe Xl1, p. 58.) The pNc('nt.n-ge of cnseR in whieh ehildren \\:ere If'ft. in their own homes or whi('h w('re di:::;po:::;pd of on the dny t,he cOll1plnint WfiS mnde wns slightly larger in dependency nnd 1Ieglect cns('s thal1 in deIitl(~llenc'y cases.
~ I
f\ .-
~Ie
JUVENII,E-COUHT STATISTJ.CS, 1929 e 23
T AnLE 1 fi.-Plncll nf care of child pending hrnrillU nr di.~po.,ili(Jn in depcntlclIcl/ ann neglect ca~c.~ ciispnse!l :'f by 89 cuurls during Jf)2lJ
1'lnco of cnre or child
Dopcnllcncy Ilod ne~lect c,,"<es
Por cent Numher 1 dl~trl·
hulion
'rotsl CIlS05 _________________________________________ .. ____ •• ___ ... _______ • _____ I IR, ~or. 1 __ " .. __ __
Pineo of cnro not rcJlortod ___________ .. ______ • __ .. _________________________ • ________ _ 224 ,_. ____ •• _.
- ------- ----~-
I [nr\udes eoses of chlhlrrn cllre<l ror port or the Ume In ,i .. Lcntion honll'~ :lnd (lnrt of tbo time el50where. but oxcludos cnses of children 0150 held In Jlllls or police sLntlons.
I Less LImn I IIcr cent. , Excludes CMes or children held In detention homes, Jolls, or police sLoLlons.
DISPOSITIONS
The majority of dependency n.nd neglect cnses were officinl, but 58 ('.ourts reported some unofficinl cnses. The extent to which individual t'ourts denlt unofficilllly with dependency and neglect casee varied considerably. (See Table IX, p. 54.)
As is shown by Table 16, some definite action sHch as committing the ('.hild to an institut.ion or agcncy or plncing him under the superviRion of n.Jl officer of the court or some llldividunl was taken in fournfLlIs of the ofIicial cnses. In more Lhlln one-fourth of the unofficial ('ltS('R pln.cmncnt, or supcrvision of the child was n.dvised, as is shown by Tttble 17, the proportion placed uncIer the sllpprvision of tho probation ofIicer being much larger in 1029 thnn in 1928. One-half of the utloffic:ial cnses were disposed of by making some adjustment of the <Ii Ilicul ties in vol ved.
24 e
JUVENILE-counT STATISTICS, ] 929
TADLE IO.-Disposition of official drprndrncll and neglect cnllcs disposed of 1J!I 81 couri., during 1929 1
DIsvositioD of cast
Offirlnl dopenr!ency Bnd lIc~lccL cnscs
Per ronL Number 1 <l1<trf·
bullon
Total ca."M ___________________________________________________ -----------------1 J.~ 7n.~_:=
Dl~posltJon fflported ________ .. _________________________________________ -------------1 H.7M I 1Il0
Dll!mlssed or contlnlled Indennltely - --------------------------------------------Child plRced under rourt snl'P.,,·lslon .. __________________________________ • ______ _ Child placed nnder ~nper\'lslon of Itullvldlllli nth~r thnn prohntlon officer _______ _ Child rommllted to board, depsrtmont, or Rgency -------------------------------
Cbnd committed tl) Instltutlon ______________________________________________ ----Stnte In~tlllltion for dep\'ndent3 ____________________________________________ _ Other Institution for dOl'lIl1den13 ___________________________________________ _ Type of Institution for del'endenLq not reported ____________________________ _ 1n.<litution for drlln'lllent chlldren _________________________________________ _ Institution for fcchle-mlmlpd or epileptic c1ll1dren_ --------------------------lnstitntion lor physicslly bsndlcapped chlldren ______________________ : _____ _ Other Ins! Itutlon _____________ - -- ------------------ -- ----- --- - -- --- --- --- ----
Other d Isposltlon ____________________ --- ---------------------------------- -- -----
2.RIS 3.,100 1.127 3,1157
451 3,1J7
80 3,514
216 2.8[>6
H9 78 30 70
100 112
<J)
10 24 8
25 3
21 I
24 1
19 1 1
DIsposItion not reported ____________________________________________________________ • II
181 of thl' 89 courls reporting dependency Bnd neglect CBSCS reported officlnl dependency nnd ncglect cnscs. J Less than 1 per cent.
TABLE 17.-Disposilion of unofficial dependency and neglect cases disposed of by 58 courls during 1929 I
DIsposition of CMe
Unofficlnl dcpondency ~nd neglect cases
T'cr rent Number 1 dlslrl
ImtIon
Total ca.<e3 _____________________________________________________ --- ---- ----- -I 4. IH2 ~.=-=
4_027 ! 100
1.0 5 2,Ia9 53
408 JO ml 2
In! 4 923 23
U8 2
DIS:~~::::::~~~~~~~~::~:~~~~~:~~:~::::~~:~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:r-::=-I-lJlffieulty Rd!usled ______________________________________________ ----------------nererred to agoncy or other rourt. _____________________________________________ _ I'lnrmnent 01 rhlhlln IlIslitullon recommended __ -------------------------------J'lncement of child el~whero reOOlllmel1lletl ___________________________________ __ Child l>lncetlllllller supervision of probation officer _____________________________ _ Other dl~posltIon _____________________________________________ -------------------
Dl~posltlon not reported ________________________________________________ ------------ 15
I 58 01 the 89 courl! reporting dependency nnd ncglcet ensc.~ reporte,] unofficlnl dependency nnd ncglcrl cases_
CASES OF CHILDREN DISCHARGED FROM SUPERVISION
Cages of drlinqucnt children discharged from supcrvigion or prohntion were reported by 61 courts and coses of dependent ond T1p~l('d.l'd childr(,T1 dischnrged from supervision by 48 courts. Tnhl('s 1 R ond 1!J show that in the majorit.y of casl's children were diRchnrgetl from Rlllwrvh;ioll l)('('ntlsl' (If improyrllwnt. in (,OTlllllcL or home c!)lIriil.iom; or l}('('ltusc further sllj>Pl'vision seelllC'd llnnr('PS1mry. Ahllo:;t olle-Lenth
• t -
I ~~'-
JUYENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1!)2!} e 25
of the drlinrJ1H'nt childrl'Tl were rl'porled as tlischn.rgcd hecauso they had rell('hed t.ho ogo limit of court juri!;dictirm, without cornmcnt ns to improvement or lack of improvement in behavior. Failure or prohnl.ioll as indicat.ed hy commitment to nn institution for delinqucnt. ('.hildren WfiR ShOW;l in nhollt onc-pig-hlh of the cases. Some int,erl.'sl.ing- diffcrcnees ItS to the Icng-t.h of (.he supcrvision period in different courts nrc shown in Tables XIV and XVI. (See Pl'. 60,61.)
T ARLE 18.-Rc(l~on for di3char(1c in C(lMS of drlinqul'nl children discharged from sl1pervi.,ion by 6 L cOllris dllrin(1 I92fJ
Renson for dlschnrge of child
CI\.'fl,1 0' <lelln'lneot chll.lr~n dl~chArlted from ~Ul'P.rV1510n
----Furl.har supcrvlslon not recommendcd, or dlschnr~c,1 with Improvcment belore oge limit. _______ • _________________________________________________ .. ___________ 6, III ~
Trnn,lrrre,j to olher court___________________________________________________ 57 1 Whr.rnnhonL. nnk lIown ______________ .... ____________ _____ __ ____________ ____ 202 a Moved from Jurisdiction of COllrt____________________________________________ m f Other reosoll_____ _________ _____________________________________ _____________ li5 2
e PART H.-COMPARATIVE TABLES FOR 1927, 1928, AND 1929
TRENDS IN JUYENILE DELINQUENCY
Tnllle A ~llOWS t,h(' numh('r of o£'Jinqu('ncy cas£'s oi!'lpmled of o1lring 192i, 11128, and 1929 hy courts which clpnlt, with nt.Ioast. 50 Cn!'leR nnd reporteo for two or thr£'e Yl'nrn. Figures for Ow tot.al ntllll 1I('r of ca~('s report.l'o 1>y th{' (,O\lft~; during n 2-:rear or a 3-yenr pl'riod f;ho:w a definite iu('rl'ase in the number of delinqu£'ncy caR(,S. The 21 com!·R rl'port.in~ for the thrl'o yearn,sllOw an inrrras(\ of 11 prr rcnt in 10211 ovl'r th(' nnmhrr rrpor{.rd for 1112i, and nn inr.r£'fi!'lC' of i prr ('rnt. ov£'r 11128. For t.l1O courts rrportin~ for HJ28 find 1112H ouly, the percentnge increaso wns higl1£'r, bu t this mcrense is duo in pnrt to tho figures of one court· which fitilrd to r£'port II)) of it~ CIIRC'S in 1928.
It is difficult to det.ermine how llJ11ch of t,his increnRe may be attrihut.£'d to nn act.llal increase in delinqurncy Ilnd how much t.o ot,h£'r CIIUSl'S. It should he horne in mind nlw:;.ys thnt the nmount; of ddinquency which conH'S to the attention of the juvenile comt. is only a smull part of the totnl amount in tho community and IJla.y or may not. he n reliabl£' index of tho achlfll delinquency sit.unt,ion,
Growth in population is one faclor which mny nITeet tho incrrRse in ca.'~es rt'ported by the courts. Information as to inerensc in t.he numher of children of juvenile-court flgc in the areas s(1fvrrl h.Y the courts is not available, hut during t.ho lO-year p£'riod 1920-19ao there was nn a.verage anIlual incrl'nse of 2 per cent in the totnl population of these nreas. In severnl jllrisdidions, including suburhan m'cas, the increase in population consid£'rnhly exceeded this 2 p£'r c£'nt.
The extent. to which thc courts k£'pt complete statisf.ical records would nIso aITect the number of cnses reported t(l the Children's Burenll. In ono instance it is stnted t.hat reporting wns less cornpld.e in 1928 find in 1929 than in 1927. In most irlRtances, however, it is believed that, it hns hCC'fl growing more, rather than less, completc and that this fuller r£'porting has influC'lIcrd the figures of nIallY of the courts.
In individunl eourts a certnin nmount of variation in the numhrr of cnsps dralt with from yrRr to year is to be expected on t,he basis of ('hance alone. In courts reporting a smallnumb.cr of cns£'s, a not.icenhIe increase or decreuRe in numbers may be due entirely t.o this fnctor. The marked vnriationR in t.he numher of caRes reported hy some courts, which might easily be flssurned 00 indicate changes in d£'linqueney, arc frequ£'ntIy due to chang£'s in the policy, pcrs;ollllcI, or equipment of the court or to chunges in the law that revj~e the nge of jurisdiction or bring children before the court for offenses not previously considered of juv£'nile-court, jurisdiction. The number of cases r£'ported Inny also he Itffecf£'d hy alterations in t,he policy, personnel, or equipment of othr/" offieinl and nOJlofficial agendes denling with children who exhibit conduct difficulties.
COMPARATIVE SUMMARY TABLES
Although the r£'nsons for referring children to court and t.1H~ methoc1s of d£'nling with them differ Romewhat from COllrt to court, Ol£' ppr cent, distrihutions of the cOIn billC'd fi,gllrel' for nil courf.s reporling in each of till' three years 1927, 11128, lind l!J20, liS shown in the following
2G
• e fit
-~-
JUVENILE-COURT BTATrSTICS. 1!l29 e 27 tables, l'evcnl only minor dW·C'renrl'R. This similarity is f01lnd also with r£'sp£'ct. to 5p.X,ngr, IIl1d !;orinl ('.hllrnc(·rri!;t,jr,9 of f.l1C children ('onr.efJII'd. Thnt tho r1n.f.n. nrr similnr, ()p:-;pir(l t.ho inr.reuse in t.he 1111mber of reporting COurl.R nndin the nlllllhC'r of CflReR reportl'd, suggel;!,s that f,he 1l1lifol'l11 report.illg of jllvenile-colll·t sLatist.ies hns made nvnilable informlltion f/tirly rl'preR()ntnt.ivo for Lhe United StRtes regnrding the natnrc of the problcms dplLlt. wit,h hy the juvenile court, the sex, nges, nnd social chllracteri~tics of the children involved, a.nd tbo extent to which certain types of treatU1()nt are used.
TAnIJE A.-Number of drlinq!lcnc!I ca"es disprMcd of during 19!J7, 1911S, and IOlO, bYllpccijicd court., reporting 60 or more drlinqllcncy Calles
Delinquoncy CRSO.'I
Courts reporting 50 or more rlollnqucncy cn"cs IIl2IJ 1028 11m
All courL~ reporting In In28 nDd �n9 ••••••••••••• _ •••••••••••••• _ ••• ,- 41,037/. ". '" [ ••••• ,.
TAJIt,E D.-Per cent di.,trilmHon arcording [0 color and nativity of bm/" and gir18 dealt with in drlinqllcnru ca3CS diftpn~rd of during 1927, l[}28, aild 1929 by juvenile cotlrts reporting IIlati"ticll (0 (he Children'll Bureau I
Cblldren dmlt wllb In drllnqurnry rMrs
Color IIn~t nativity o( child Bars Olrlll
1927 1928 1929 1927 1028 192!l
----------------------1---,---,---,---,---,---Totnl........................................... 100 100 I 100 /i00 100 100
142 court:! ~porled delinquency N1S~ In 11l27. 62 In 1928, nnd 93 In 1920.
TABLE C.-Per cent distributinn according to parent nativity of natille while bOYIJ and girlll dealt with in delinquency calles disposed of during 1927, 1928, and 1929 by juvenile COllrtll reporting stati~ticl! to the Children's Bureau I
Children denlt with In delinquencY rnsrs
Nativity o( parents Doys GIrls
1m 1928 1920 1927 10211 1020 ,---,---,---,---,---
Total.. ·········································riOO I 100 I 100 I 100 I 100 I 100 ---------------NatIve parentRlre..................................... 43 H ill 55 liS 61 Forel~n or mbed par.nt~e........................... 57 fjIJ 52 45 45 39
'~2 courts reported delinquency cnse!! In 1927, r,2 In 1112'1, and 93 In 1920.
TABLE D.-Per cr.nt distriblltion according to placr. of care pending hearing or dispo"ition of boytl' and girL,' delinqllenc1/ case" di"pollcd of during 1,?27, 1.'J28, ami 1.?29 by .illllenile COllrts reporting statistics to the Children's Bureau I
D~J1n<tu~nrY cases
Place or care DC child Doys Olrls
1!127 1928 1920 1927 1928 1920
TotAL .......................................... ~ 100 100 I 100 100 Hl()
O;m home or case dlspooed oC~Ame day............... ~I r,o fill 51 50 ;'0 Doardln!: home........................................ <I) <') (I) I I I DetenUon home or other Institution '. •••••.•••••.•••• 34 311 36 43 45 H ]BII or r,oliCO ~tBtlon ,................................. 4 4 6 2 2 2 More t Ian one plAre oC care ,.......................... I I 1 2 I I Other place or care. .••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• (I) (I) (I) 2 I 2
I 42 courts reported delln queney M\.'es In '"27. 62 In i92l!, Bnd 93 In 1920. J J,cs,. than I per Mnt. I Inrludes cn..e.~ or children hrl<lpBrt o( I.he time In detention homes Bnd pnrt of the time .I~ewhere, hut
elcl",le' case.. or children RI~n held In jnlh or police ~I.ntf"ns. , In,·ln.les r.:J..C5 or rhll'lren held pnrt olthe lime In JAils or pollco 5tAtfon~ nnd psrt oethe time elsewhere, I Exclude!! C8S!lS or children held In Jails, police stations, or detention homes.
•
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~I(t
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, 1 !J29 - 29
TAnr,E E.-Per cent di~triblltion according (0 rea~on for rrference to COllrt of boytt' and girls' delinquency CaSflJ di"po.,rrl of dllring 1f}27, 1928, and 1929 b1/ juvenile courts reporting r.(atistic8 to tlte Ghilrlrl'n'lI Burr.au I
Injury 10 person ....•.....•..•.•••••••••••.•••.•••.••.. 2 2 2 19 IU 19 3 3 3 3 3 3
28 2!1 :lU 7 8 7 I I I I I I 2 I 2 I I 2
A"t or "1\f~lessnes_. or fIIl"'hlef. ....................... . "Iolntlng lI'1uor or dntl( law or ·llIlm!rntlun ..•.••••••.. Other rea.oll ••••.•.•...••••••••••.•.•••..••.••••..•••.
, 42 courL. reported dollnquency cnses In 1927, 02 In IIJ28, and 93 In tu20.
T ABLE F.-Per cent distriblltion according tn dillpollition of boys' and girls' official delinquency ca"es disposed of during /92'1, 1928, and 1929 by juvenile courta reporting slati,,[ics to the Chilr/ren's lJureall I
Olllr.llll d~lInquency CMOS
DIsposItion o( CMe Day! Olrl!
1927 I 1923 1020 1027 1D28 1920 ----------------------1---,---,---,---,---,---
TotaL.......................................... 100 100 ~1i00 '~HOO Dlsmlll..orl or continued Indennlt~ly ••••• •••••••••••• 36 30 32 27 22 21 Chllrl Jllnced on r"batlon. .••.•••••••••.•••••..•••••• 39 43 40 41 41 40 Chll.1 rommlttcl to Institution........................ 14 14 14 22 26 27 Hrstltntloil. nno, "usL~................................ 7 7 8 2 I 1 Other disposition...................................... ~ 0 7 8 g 11
142 courts reported ol11clal delinquency casos In 1927, 61 In 1928, and 87 In 1920.
TABLF. G.-Per cent distribution according to color and nativity of children df'oll with in dependenC!1 and neglect cases disposed oJ ell/ring 1927, 1928, and 1929 1
b1/ jllVfnile COllrts reporting statistics to the Children's Ilureaa 2
Color and nativIty or cblld
Chlldrrn dealt with In de: prndenry and neRlectcB.~es I
1927 1928 1929 r----.-__ _
TotaL ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••• _ •• ~OO 100 100
whW~:!f:~b~:r;::=====:===========::====:=:=:==::::::::::::~:::::===:::: ~r ~ ~ Nativity not re)lorted................................................ 3 3 2
, Figure.. lor Jn27 nnd Jn2R nrc hosed on chlldmn, each rhlld helng cnuntnd only onco durlnlf the yeB1; figllrrs rur 111211 nro hased on cnses, n child bring counte,1 each time he Is .Ienlt with hy tbe ""uft on II new chnrge durln(( t1w year.
• 34 courts reported dependency Bnd neglect cnses In 1927, L'3 In 1028, Rnd 89 In 1920.
30 e JUVENIfJE-COUR'1' S'1'A'1'IS'I'ICS, 1 !l2!J
T Am,E IT .-Pcr cent dislribulion arcnTdin(1 to parent natiuil'lI oj nnti"c white children dcall leith in dl'}lClIf/cncy /111(/ neglecl ca.'(!S cii",l11scd of durill(1 1927, 1[)28, anti 1929 1 III/ jlll'cllilc co uris rC7'orting slnlistics 10 the Children's iJILrcau 2
(",hil,!rell denlt ,,-Ith In do-Nativity or parents I pl'ndl'neynnd negh'I'trnsl-s I
----------1\12i I 1028 10211 L ______________________________________________________________ , 100 1 (J!J IOn
~~:~~~poa:~:I't::JiiRi;niiigii:=::::::==::::::~:~::==-=-=:::~::::::::::=:::-=. __ . ~::_I___ ~~ ----~ I FI~uro., ror \027 Blld 1\128 nro based on chihlrrn, rnl'h chll,1 hell1ll "011111011 only on('o !lurlnR the renr;
n~ures r(lr 19211 are hll..ed on cnses, a chil<I 1)('il1~ cOl1nh'!1 ench tlmc Iw is deall wilh hy tho cOllrt 011 n uew ehnrgc durlnK lhe yenr.
'34 courL, reported dependoncy nnd neglect cn.-es In 192;, 53 In \0211, nnd 80 III J!l2Il.
TABLE I.-Per cenl di.,lribution according to 1)/ace oj care of child pentling hcnring or di8po~ilion oj dependency and n('glrct cn.,es di,'posed of during 1927, 1928, and 1929 by juvenile courts reporting statistics to the Children' Il Bureau I
Plaoo 01 caro 01 chUd Drprntleney and neglrrll'nsrs
1927 1928 1929 -------------------1--,----,--
TotnL______________________________________________________________ 100 100 100 Own homo or caso dlspo,ed or snme dny __________________________________ ---M- ----61- ----0-2 J1"nr(l11l1l homo _____________ ._____________________________________________ 6 6 5 l>rlcnlioD homr or other Institution ,_____________________________________ 36 31 30 Jnil or 110Ure "tnllnn ,_____________________________________________________ (.) (.) (.) More t 18n ono plnce of care ,_____________________________________________ 1 1 Othrr plnce of enro. ________________________________________________ .______ 3 2 1
2
'34 CODrts reported depondoncy ,,,,<I neglect eMrs In 11127,53 In 192Q, nnd R9 In 1929. , InrlU<.l.s cnses of children held pnrt or the lIroo In <letenllon homes Bnd part 01 the time else,vhere, but
excludes CllSr.s of children nlso hrldln jnils or police "t!lllons. '11II'ludes CIl.,es or children held jlnrt of tho time In Jails or pollee stutlons Rod part of the time elsewhere. I ),.s., thnn 1 per ccnt. • Excludes cases of children held In lolls. police stntlons, or detention homes.
TARLE J.-Per cent distribution according to rca.,on Jar reJerence to court of Jamilie., n!prc.,r.nled in dependency and neglect ca.,I'., dis7)Oscd of dUTl:ng 1.'J27, 1928, and 1929 by juvenile courlll reporting .,tali.,lics to the Children's ]Jurenu 1
ROBSon lor rclerenco to court
Fnmllirs repn'srnted In do· 1,,-nu"lIey 111111 n"glrl'! ellSCS
)00 100 100 Ahnndonment or dMcrtlnn _________ • _____________________________________ ,----,----,----12
3 22 30 12 B 7
)0 3
211 34 15 10 7
10 4
30 32 12 B ft
A 10 If so or cnlfllrcntlllrnt. _______________________________________________ _ ] IIIJ1fllper cumUli",," In 1001110 ____________________________________________ _ In"lftndrnl. jI!lrelftnl caro ________________________________________________ _ Fillnnrinl nrcd ..... ________ .............. _____ ... _____ .. _ .. ____________________________ _ 4111'"lIon or custody _____________________________________________________ _ Other rCBson ____________________________________________________________ _
i 33 courts roport.d fomllle., represe"teu In dopcndency nnd neglcct cases In 1927. 53 In 1928, nnd 80 In 1D29.
TABLE K.-Per cent diltribution according to disposition oj official dependency and neglect callcs dislJOscd oj during 19rt7, 1928, and 1929 by juvenile courts rel)ortinir IIlutillticS to the Children' 3 Bureau 1
-c:J :: d B~ e §== n Ci g.~~g ~.;;ic: ~~-;U-5 -g 15 !:!c::~u~·i:.e~~g8::-ti~d~C)~tt~~ 11 f-* ~!:: g~ a ~.:; . ~ :u~~~a!!}-::t i:~~~ G.I:: t9 ~~C~E~~~~u~_.w~~~~_~~~
5~gLi =2~ ~ .. -<::"",c_ _r:... Z Z 51303°-31--3
T ADLE I.-Number (If white and cCllored boys' and gir~' delinquency and dependency and neglect cases disp08ed of by 79 8pecified courts during 1929-Continued
Court
Total
Delinquency case:!
White children Colored chlldren Chilo dren
whose color Tot:ll
Dependency and neglect cases
I Colorer! children Chll-
1---.,---.,..--- Ilr~n
White children
I\'hose color
Tot:ll Boys Girls Total Days Girls n~ase- Total BoyS Girls' Total Days Girls was not port~d. i reported
Tolal rn>c~ ____ .. __ .. __ ... J. ______ ... __ ll •. lRI 12, 21R / ~,221; I R. nroll3, 8R7 /4, R71 sa ar.o ~.-----
I Indudcs 811 courts reporting boys' delinquency cascs tbat servcd areas wltb 25,000 or more populntlon In 1920.
•
•
"
. 4
e
f)<t
JUY.ENII,E-COtTRT I')TATJS'Plf'S, 1!J29 • 35
T AmiFl TT A.-An/) limifn/7'o/l 0/ orininfll (,fllII-' illri.q,/irfj(J1l, mul (Inc (1/ hOlfll draU wifh in ddlll'lllellry (,(!Nr.~ di.~]IIm;d oj by If .,prc:ijirrl ('tllIrfs during J929-Contd.
Court
C01IRTB IIf.RVINO Anr:AII wlTn 2",000 TO JOO,UOO l'OI'ULAT10N
.1" .. 1'';~1':' Hll .• q/" /imitation of or(qinal COllrt jllri"'lil"lion (Inri agl' of girl,~ "mll li'ith in ""';11,///1"71('11 C(I.'CII di8110$('d of 11!J is Itpr:rijirri co//rl,~ dllring 1M!!! I
Court
AJ!rJlmJ· Intima of oriJ!illnl
Olrh' drlhaflfJrnry m'rs
.AJ:r of girl
rnuTt Juri"Uc'
lion Tn!nll T 10! 12 H I 10 ) IR I . It nder yrnrs,! y('nrl:;, y('nr~, yrHr~. yrnr~ N of
• y!Oars un'Jerl unrlrr unrlrr IIndt'r f nnd II ~rl' I " 12 14 to 18 I 'n rr 'fT (f
N nrtll »nkol n: Third ju<lirinl .lislrlct rill flnrl) ____ .. __ .. ____ . Under IR •.
01110: A u~lnI7" County ________________ .do .... Clark County __________________ .. ,10 .. __ Lake County ____ .. _____________ .. du ___ _ Rnntlusky ('ounly __ .. _. __ ....... _tIeL __ _
Pelln<ylvnnln: 1,,('Olllln!! ('ouJlty Under 10 __ South Cnrolilla: (lroell\'1110 (·ounly ... _________________ • ___ • ___ . do ___ •
i 2 .•. - .. ''''''1 7 ~ ..... , ----.. ...... I .. --7[0 ~ 43 7 9 6 1 2 .......... ----II ... ". I 2 4 3 ____ .. I --.. -. --.... --?7 2 I 13 2 7 1 I ............ --"I' .... __ I ' I ...... Ii S ... , .............. .. 231 3 2 G 0 I I ........ ---- I .. ..
~~)i 6 2 I 2 4...... 2 .. __
g~1 % I~ Ib I~ I~ .... _~ 11 · .... 4 :::: :::: nil 121 301 I r. ...... I 13 2 ...... __ ~~, I 10 ~ ...... ~ ...... ...... 1 .. -- ... . :1\ .. --. IsI .. ___ . II ___ ... 6\ I --... -j---. --..
42· e JUYF.:NILFl-COURT STATISTICS, 1929
TAnt.>.: IV A.-Disposition "lid mallner of handling IJn!l'~' dclinquency cases di.,po .• cd of by 77 specified courts dllringlB!!!} I
Court Total
Doy);' deUn'luency en..!).,
orndnl
I Dls(lo,itlon -, ·Uno(.
I lIeloI - - I
('1111,1 , nr~l/· Not Db· I ['hlld I ('11111' tl/(illn, Other rOflort. Total'mlose,l (llore,l 1II11!~'I~lIl1r, eel
orr,.un· on IIf1 in· or tlnne,l (lro· ,lfI,,· costs ___ _ flulrO· Ion110n I lIun , __ , IIllely 1 __
1-1--1-~- ----COURTS Sr.:RVINn A lIE.'~ WITn 100,000
OR }JORE POrl'LATION
Total C!IS~S ___________________ .. ~ 24, 10!l /1, i2'l 11,747 3, 2!i~ 1,80.5 I, ;",71 __ 3 __ 10,072
Utah: Third tll.trlct _____ .____________ 710 I/l.~ 40 57 51 23 f.I ron Vlr~fnln: Nor(olk __ .__________________ 70') iO'J 2J5 2."9 :l.q lOS 102 _____________ _ Wnshlngton: Pierro ('OIIn!y ___ .______ 100 100 :13 IZ 42 Ii 7 _________ ... __
J Inclntles all court~ reporting boy,' dellnqllency CIlSrs thnt served nrcos with 25,000 or more 1IOIIIJIlltion III 1I1QO.
•
• e
f><t
JUYFlNIf,Fl-COURT STATISTICS, 11)21) e 43
TAnT,l'l IVA.--Di.~PQ,~ifinn and 1Il1l11l!1'r of han dUllY IlOlIs' delinqllency caMS dis-7lQ,~ctl of uy 77 ,~pcciji"d r.ourt,~ dllrillY 1!),!,9-Continu(:d
court
COURTS SF-It "!I'm A Itl':AS WITII 20,000 TO 100,000 l'OPUU.TIUN
Total
Totol
JJoys' Ilcl/n'lucncy co.o;o.,
omclnl
DI~po~'tlon
I I Child I Re,tI-nr..· [,hll<!; com- tIIllon, 1IJ1,,;~d plnrrt! IIJIlled
l' lille,
or cO"'j on 'til In- or tlnno.l, 1""' I stltn- CQst3 lc"lell',hntioUI tion nitdy
lIennepln County ....... __ •••• Ramsey County ............. ..
134 ll4 r.Sol 422 W~ 511 346 330
897 872 309 302
New Jersey: nud~on County ............. .. Mercer County ..... ___ ...... ..
1, oM 1,495 414 343
New1'ork: DufTolo ....................... . 866 825 Erie UOllnty •••• __ ............ . Monroe County .............. . New York Clty ........ ____ •• Rens.<elnr.r ('ounty __ ......... .
192 183 194 103
6,8roS 6.173 25R 257
Weslchcsler County .......... . i4U 6i8 OhIo:
Cuyahoga County ........... .. Frnnklin County ........ _ ... . Hnmilton County ......... __ .• Mnhonln,l: County ........... . Jl!onlgomery County ........ ..
Orr~nn: l\lultnomAh County .... .. rcunsyh'nnIA:
Alle~11ony County ............ . Monl~o"'ery County ........ . l'hllatlelflhin ................. .
(lfBh; '1'hiHI !listrlc! __ •• ______ .. __ •
3,172 2,774 27{ Ifl6
1,394 1,000 l.foRP 1.497
523 417 iliO 741
1,000 OU 47 42
6,009 3.8i7 710 700
Vfrr.lnln: Norfolk ... __ .... ____ •• __ • W li!'hlngton; l'ierce County .......
, Ineludes flll courts reporting hoys' delinquency cases that served Dress with 100,000 or more populntlon In 1920.
• t e
~;~
JUVENILE-COUllT S'fA'I'ISTICS, HI29 e 47-
T AnLF. Vn.-Color, n~lir'itll. an" pnrent n(]li/lily of girl" rjralt !/lith in delinquency C/l,H'.' dM]Joscd of by flO 8]lr.cificrl cOllrl.' dllTing 1929 I
• Tncludes nil cOllr!s rOpOrting rlcllnl'fllcnrY CM~S thnt sor'l'cd arcBS t<'ltl! JOO.ooo or marc pOpulation 10 1920.
, Inclurle., r)l.'O' of child ron rarOlI for pnrt oC the 'Inre In d~I~lIllol1 hOIllP~ Rnd part of tI,e time el~where, bul ",eludo., r""Cs oC rhlltlrcn nlso holll In jo/l,' ,or I'ollro slntions,
I In"'lIIlos '~/I~rs of rh/hlren eM"II for pnrl. of Ihe lillie In jnils or pallr<> ,'nllons nnd part oC the time elsewhor~ .
• Excludes ClISes of cblfdron bold In detontion hOIll!'s. jl\lIs, or pOlice stntlons,
I ~l 1m· I In- I Que;. "hnn·. A huso pro(ler, ~lIm· Flnnn. lion oC <Ion· \ Or COil' riont clol 1 ellS' monf. cnJcl .J/tions (lnron' nre,1 I tody or .10' trrot· I in : tnl ~CI tton. ment hOlllo t cnre
NtltroOther! (lortcd
1--1---1---1---1---1--_1---1---'---
Total CaP:idles. _______________ •• 7, WI 1 787 'Il7 I 2.4M I 2, 612 RO fiPR! 415 21
I I~~~ 1- Tn· I QII"'" .-I.hnn.,' "hn~e proprr, SlItlI- Flnnn· tlon~(1 h rINo',Mdll"- or ron·. drnt rlnl, w:. 01 e ported IlIrnt ernel cllli'"'N (lnrrn· need 1 tody nr rle·· tront· h' I tni I
sortion rnent h0l116 I O.lfO
_____________ I __ I __ I--I--I--I--I--f--'--,
COURTA 8XRVINII AREAS WITIT 26,000 70 I(JO,OOO rorULATION
Alnhnml\: -1-1·-I-----I~'-t21-III/llock COllnty.................. 27 2 ••• _.__ 3 I, II 2 3 ('nlltoun COl/nly. __ •••••••.••• _.. ~o R 1 5 10 2 4 •••••••••••• __ Ohnmbers ('!ll/nty_ ••••. _._ ••••.• _ 0 ••• , •.••••• , •• __ ._._. r. 2 _...... 1 ••• , ••• Clnrko COullly_ •• _ ..•• _ ••• _...... :; I 1 .... ___ I r. 1/ ••••• -- I .... - .•
I Inrh"lo.~ nil conrts reporting dependency and neglect cases that served nre"" wIth 26,000 or more populMlon In ID2Q,
• f G
~,:It
JUYENIf.E-COun'T' f)'T'ATTS'T'Wfl, 1 !12!l • 53
T A nJ.P. TX.-J)i87jO,~itio1t and monner of handling ril']ll'ndrnrll and tl(·glect ca"e! di'~/,,}ud of by 7-1 "7Jr.cijictl court., "Ilriug 1!J~[)-·Contil1l1r,!I
Court
COURTS 8ERVII'n ARUS WITII 25.000 TO lOO.O()() I'UI'ULATION
1'ot!!1
Dcpelld".lIr)' lind negil:ct CIISC,'1
Officinl
DI~po~ltion
Child ph",.,1 Child
'I I tllldt!r com-DIs· (,hilI) stllli'r· milled Child 1'ol.:ll.lJIi~'NI I'lIlf'rti \"i,ioll til corn· /. I Not
or!'o,,· IInder of illdl· bonrd. mittrd Other reo tinned I'olnl I ,idllnl II~· to In· I port. I'HI,'O· slIfI"r' olhor p:,rt· stltl!' et! nitol)' \'1,1011 thall mellt, tlon
(1roll/l' or thlll a~cncy
oJIit'cr ~
Un· ofll· elal
1 __ 1 ___ 1 ___ 1 ___ 1. __ 1 ___ 1 __ 1 __ 1 __
I I I I I Totsl C8 .. 09 ...... _ .. __________ 2,5O!! I, 4i1 ~ ~ __ 3_1~ ~ ~ ~.::::.:.: 1,027
TAnJ.Fl X.-(,olor, nolil'i!!!, nnd parl'nt nalillily of children dealt with in (ll'pendency mId 7Ieffleel en.,('., di:rPQ.,cd of by 28 .,pecijicd COllrts during 1929 I
Court Totol
Tolal
Dependency lind neglect CR.<M
Whlta ~hllt1ron
I Nntlve'l Nntln, lorfilm Nntlve. nntlve I or I'~rcnl· porrnt. mite" n!!c not
New York: IlnITlIlo________________________ 72 Erl~ Count)·___________________ nR Monroe COllnty _______________ 2.~. New York ('ity _______________ 3,~!11
Rcn=lnrI County____________ IS7 West chest or County___________ 2iO
I Incilules all collrts reporting dopeudency Bnd neglect CIlStl5 that served areas with 100,000 or more population In 11120.
,
f e
~:-
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS, H129. 55
'TABLE XL-Source of rcfcrCIlf:fl In c01l.rt of famiUe., rflpn·"cnlr.tl in dllpcndcncy and llcgict;t CIl3C,f rli81l1/.~cd of hy 28 sp~r:;jil!(l cOlI.rl.f tlnriTl!1 102.') I
Fnmlllcs rOl'rC50lltCtlill dependoncy and neglect CBSo.'I
SOllrco 01 fcferonco to court Court
Total I Pnr- n h h School 1
- . I
Rorlnl rnl,.or t ~r Pro o· ,10' Notrr .... ngellCY\ rrln. ~I"IJ. Pollco U,,~ "nrt.1 Other I ported
Dennopln County________________ 170 166 Ramsoy County __________________ 68 63
New York: DuITnlo___________________________ 37 10 Erlo {'Ollnty______________________ 17 17 Monroe COllnty ____________________ 1m 114 New York City _ _________________ I, ~13 I, Ol~ Renssolnor County_______________ 102 1 WcstchC!'tor County______________ 121 116
I~ I I~ I----T ----T ~~~~~~: ::::::i --------------.------~--~--~--~--~-
I Inclut/a.. nil courts reporting dUJlondcncy and neglcct casas lbnt servor! arollS with 100.000 or lIIore population In 1920.
..t.. '. ." 56 e JUYENII,E-COUnT STATISTICS. lS2IJ
T.\RLPJ XII.-Placc of care of child prndiflg hearing or di~po!lilion in dependency (lnd nr.glr.ct (a"c.' rlil1po~E'rl of by 2,'; tlpcr:ijicd cOllrls dt:rinr; 1.9!!.? I
Dependency nn'\ neglect casCll
FlaCll oC care DC chllrl
Conrt
Tolal
--- I Own home orraJnoard.Delen- Other
tlt.- lIng tlon I In,t]po~ClI home homo I, tntlon
DC
]\foro
Jail oTllhnn I I Not poliro o_no Other r~-~Ia- pmre porto,1
tlon' or Mme caro • dny
------------------------------1-----'-----'-----1-----.----_.-----.-----'-----.-----Tolal CRSeS _____________________ 16, 0.18 I II, 2);0 ~. 4 I I, 1~8 I 4.32\1 1 I 128 242 I 20~
Aln~RntR: Mobll~ Cntll~ty-.---------- --g-17 _____ . __ 1=="--2 ==I==~I== CRhfornln: Snn lle;!n { ollnly________ 438 I 279 26 20 00 _______ I 221 ______ _ ("l'nnertirut: DrliI~eporL-----.------ 70 I 43 1 _______ 2-1 __ .____ _______ 2 -------Dblrlct of Colt'mbill_________________ 348 2i6 ___ .___ 24 25 _______ 21 2 1-------IDlllnnn: Lake County ____________________ _
MArion ("ollnly _________________ _ lown: Polk eOllnty ____ ._ •• __________ _ MichigRn: Kenl County ____________ _
1 Inchtilm all courl~ reporting ilepcnrlcney Rnil n(-;tlceL ell-'cs that sen'eil areas with 100.000 or more populal!on In 192()'
1 Inch,.I ... rn"e.'< oC chllrlron cared (or rart of the lintn in drlcnt.ion homes snil part of Lho Unte cl,owhore, l)IIt e~rhl'lc< rn.<~ of children sl<o hel! In Jail. or pnlice ,tntioos.
• Includes rosl'S of children cnrr~J for pnrt of tho tlmo In jnils or police stations I\nd pnrt of the time el~6-wher~.
t Excludes co.ses of chllcJren held In delentlon bomos. Jnlls, or police stations_
-jI
~':8
JUVENILE-counT S'I'ATISTICS, 1920 • 57· T AnTlE Xlrr.--Rr.a.~on for diflchar(lc in cn.,r,' of delinquent children dt'scharocd from
IW1Jr.rviaion by 21 "lJ('cijici. couris durill(l 1929 I
CMC.' of cJelinQllent children dlscbnrRcd (rom supervision
Court
Totnl
Further supcrvblun not rerommended or III'rhnr~ocl with Im-
provemcnt hc(ore r~nchInc ngo limit
nCIISnll (or di.'ielmr~o
Child / Child com mil- cornmit-ted to let! to
In.Ulu- n~enc}' Uon or hHII
vidual
Child I Not rellchod I Other reportEd n~e
limit
----------------.-------'-----1---------1------T"" '"~-- ________ u ___ uul ' .. 0' <. n. '. ~, ---;;;---";;-1 ~l 1---7
21 1 ________ _ w . ________ _ Du ITnlo_ ____ ____________________ 139 Eric {'ouoty ____________________ 1 \1:; Monroe COllOty ________________ 1 12·1 New York City • _______________
• Jndurlr_~ 011 courL~ rcpnrUnK cm:rs or dplinqncnt children dlschRrged from supervisIon thnt served nren.q with 100.000 CIf more llIlflulatinn In W20.
TAm,E XV.-Realmn for di.,chargc in casc., of dppendent and neglected children r/i.,chnTgcd from .~upcTl';.,ion byJ."] specified courls dnring .1929 I
('n.<P.s 01 rlrpcn.lent nnd neglecled chlhlren rJf~ehnrgerl from Bupervlslon
Rcnson ror .lfschnrl!o
Court Further l'1'- I per vision not
TotoJircrommcnrlc,1 Child Chilrl (,hlld Child or child dis- commlt- eommlt- rl'mmlt-lrenChedl Other INotreehnrl!cd with ted to In· led 10 Icrl to In- nge ported "nwovemcnt stltutlon agency rllvlduo. limit bdoro re,.ch-'nl{ ngo limit
• Incllldes nil courls rellOrlln!: cnsc.q or dnprllrlellt nnd neglccLoo chlldrcn dischnrgoo from sUllervlsloD thntscrvcd orcRS wlLh 100.000 or lIIoropopulntioll ill 1920.
~ -. If e
APPENDIX.-COURTS FURNISHING STATISTICAL MATERIAL FOR 1929
CarelR w('r(' r('{'('i\'('d from 95 {'ourt./! in 20 St.nkR and Ull' Dillt.rict of Columbia for thc enl in.' (',"\lendar Yl'ar 1!12!), nnd tnbl(,ll WN{, PTt'p:ul'd h.\- 1 court; (Philadelphia). TIll.' lllUn{'s of Ih!')':!' courts with thc lllrg('st dt,'" or town in the an'n servcd by ench court nrc nR follows:
l,nr~c.<t rUr or town'ln Alabama: nren sen'c,1
Juven!le court of Autauv;n County __________________ Prnthi!I!'. JuveIldc court of Balch"n Coun!,y __________________ Rny l\Inwtt!'. Ju\"Cnilc court oC Bullll('k Count.y ___________________ lInion Springs. Juvenile court. of Cnlhoun Count.y __________________ AnniRton. Juvenile cO'lrt. of Chambers Counl.)" _________________ Lnn('tt. Juvenile court of Chcrokee County __________________ C('(lar mulT. Juvenile court of Chilton County ___________________ Chmton. Juvenile court of Clarke County ____________________ Jackson. Juvenile court of Cleburne County __________________ Heflin .. Juvenile court of Coosa County _____________________ Goodwater. ,Juvenile court of Crenshnw County _________________ Luverne. Juvcnile court of Dnle Countv ______________________ O:mrk. Juvenile court of Dallas COUllty ____________________ Selma. Juvcnile court of Elmore County ___________________ TnllasReo. ,Juv('nilc court of Escnmbin Count .... ____________ .. ____ Brewton. Juvenile court of Etowah Counl.y~ __________________ GadRden. Juvenile court of Fnyettc County ___________________ FaYl)tte. JU\'enile court of Franklin County __________________ RusRrllville. Juvenile court of Hale County ____________ ---------- Grcrllf,horo. Juvenile court of Houston County __________________ Dothan. Juvenile court of ,Jackson Count.y ___________________ Bridgrport. Juvenile court of Lamlcrdnle County ________________ I'lnrence. Juvenilc court of Let' County _______ ~ _______________ Phenix. Ju.enilc court of Limestonc County _________________ Alhens. Juvenilc court of Lowndcs County __________________ Fort Deposit. Juvenile court of Marrngo County __________________ Demopoli'l. Juvenile court of Marshall County __________________ Guntersville. Juvenile court of :Mobile County ____________________ Mobile. Juvenile court of Monroe County ___________________ l'vlonroeville. Juvcnile court of Morgan COUllty ___________________ Alhany. Juvenile court of Perry County ________________ . _____ Marion. Juvenilc court. of I)ickens County ___________________ Iteform. Juvenilc court of Talladega COllnty _________________ Tnllad!,gn. Juvcnile court of Tnllnpoosn Coun!.y ________________ AlexRnder City. JII\'enilc court of 1Vashington Count.y _______________ ---
California: Juvenilc court of Snn Diego County __________ San Dirgo. COl\lwcticut: Juvenilc court of the cit.y of Bridgrporl. ______ Bridgeport. DistriCt of Columbia: Juvenilc court of the District of C;olumbia _______________________________________ --- Wnshinp.;ton. Illinois: Juvenilc court of Rock Island County ___________ Rock Islnnd. Illdi:ma:
Juvenilc court of Clay Count.y ----------------------Juvl'nilc court of Lake County ____________________ _ Juvenilc court of Marion County __________________ _ Juvenilc court. of l\.fonroc County __________________ _ JU\'enilc court of Steuben County __________________ _ Juvcnilc court of Union Count.y ___________________ _ Juvcnile court of Vanderhurg County -- --- ----------
Towa: Polk County juvenile court. ____________________ _ Louisinna:
,Juvenilc court of Bossier and Webster Pari/;hes ______ _ Juv('nile court of Caddo Parish ____________________ _ .Ju\'l'nilc ('ourl, Pnril>h of Ouachita _________________ _
Brnzil. Gary. I Ilflianapolis. Bloomington. Angoln. J.ibcrtv. Evamlville. Des Moines.
Minden. Shrev('port. MonroI' . Gmm' Rapids.
_1-
~I-
JUVENII,E-COUJrI' S'/'A'('II)'/'rc;-;, I !l2!l • 61
Minnl!Rota: I.nr!!",'t rit.y or lown I" urea :;rr\'m'
Juvc'nile ('ourt of Hennepin COllnl.y ______ ~ _________ _ • Juvenile C·ntll't of ltarlllwy COllllf.\·~ _________________ _ M inncapolis •
HI.. Paul. "'inona. Winollll County juvcnilc cOllrL ____________________ _
New.TerRey: .Juvenile ('our!, of the COllnl.y of 1I11dIlOll _____________ ,Jersey City. ,luvcllile COllrl. of thc County of I\Icrcer ______________ Trenton.
New York: Children's court of Buii.,lo ________________________ _ Chemung County chilrlr('n's cOllrt __________________ _ BulTalo.
Colulllbin County children's ('ollrL_, _______________ _ Delnwllr(' County children's cOllrL _____________ ~ ___ _ Children's court of DlitchrRs County _______________ _ Eric Count,y children's courL _____________________ _ Monroo County court, children'lI di\'isflll. ___________ _ Chilclreu'R court of thc city of New York. __________ _ OBlario Counly court, chilclrcB's pnrL _____________ _ Orleans County children's courL __________________ _ Children's court of ItenR/;claer County ______________ _ Westchester County chiidren'R cOllr!. ______________ _
Troy. Yonkers. Aflheville. Wahprton.
Norlh CaroJinn: Juvenile courl. of Buncombe County ____ _ North Dakota: District court, third judicial disLrieL _____ _ Ohio:
,Juvenile court of AugJnize County _________________ _ Juvenilo conrt of Clark County ____________________ _ .Tuvenile court, County of Cuyahoga _______________ _
St. Marys. flpringfidd. Cle"l)land.
Court of common plens, division of domestic rclationR, Franklin County ________________________ .. _______ Columbus.
Common-pleas court of Hamilton County, division of domestic relntions, juvenile court, and marital rela-tionR -- - --_.,__________ ____ __________ __________ _ Cincinnntl.
Juvenile court of Lake County _____________________ Pnillcsville. Common-plens court of Mnhoning County, division of
dOlllestic rl'lations ____________________________ . __ Youngstown. Court of COllllllon plens, division of dOIlleRlic relationR,
MOll/gomery County ___________________________ _ ,JlI"('IIi1(~ eourt of Sandusky County ________________ _
Orpgon: Conrt of domestic relations, County of 1\1 ulLnomah_ PI'nnllylvania:
,Ju"cnile court of Allcgheny Connty ________________ _ ,Ju"rnile cOllrl. of Lycoming COllnf.y ________________ _ Juvcnile court of Montgomrry County _____________ _ Municipal court of Philadclphin, jU\'enile division ____ _
Routh Carolina: Children's court of Greenville County ___ _ Utah:
Juvenile court; first district; 'M _____________________ _ Juvenile court, second district 2 ____________________ _
Juvenile courl., third district 3 _____________________ _
Juvcnile court, fourth district 4 ____________________ _