19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler Performance Performance - - based assessment and based assessment and design of buildings design of buildings (the PEER approach) (the PEER approach) LESSLOSS Final Workshop LESSLOSS Final Workshop Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides Landslides Priority 1.1.6.3 - Global Change and Ecosystems / European Integrated Project GOCE-CT-2003-505488 19-20 July 2007 Hotel Villa Carlotta, Belgirate (VB) - Italy Helmut Krawinkler Stanford University, California, USA
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
PerformancePerformance--based assessment and based assessment and design of buildingsdesign of buildings
(the PEER approach)(the PEER approach)
LESSLOSS Final WorkshopLESSLOSS Final WorkshopRisk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and
LandslidesLandslides
Priority 1.1.6.3 - Global Change and Ecosystems / European Integrated Project GOCE-CT-2003-505488
19-20 July 2007Hotel Villa Carlotta, Belgirate (VB) - Italy
Helmut KrawinklerStanford University, California, USA
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Measures of Measures of Performance Performance -- PBEEPBEE
Forces and deformation?Yes, but only for engineering calculationsIntermediate variables Not for communication with clients and community
Communication in terms of the three D’s:Dollars (direct economic loss)Downtime (loss of operation/occupancy)Death (injuries, fatalities, collapse)
QuantificationLosses for a given shaking intensityLosses for a specific scenario (M & R)Annualized lossesWith or without rigorous consideration of uncertainties
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Vision of PBEEVision of PBEE
Joe’s
Beer!Beer!Food!Food!
1. Complete simulation
2. Defined performance objectives
• Quantifiable performance targets
• Annual probabilities of achieving them
3. Informed owners
Joe’sBeer!Beer!Food!Food!
Joe’sBeer!Beer!Food!Food!
Sources: G. Deierlein, R. Hamburger
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Evolution of PBEEEvolution of PBEE
Base Shear
Deformation
Damage Threshold
CollapseOnset
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
FEMA 356 Performance LevelsIO LS CPPBEE yesterday
$, % replacement0 25% 50% 100%
Downtime, days0
1 7 30 180
Casualty risk0.0 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.25
PBEE today
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
The PEER framework The PEER framework equation equation -- 19991999
BlessingCurse?
( ) ∫∫∫= )(||| IMdIMEDPdGEDPDMdGDMDVGDVv λ
Performance (Loss) Models and Simulation HazardImpact
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
PBEE PBEE –– Probability Probability Framework EquationFramework Equation
( ) ∫∫∫= )(||| IMdIMEDPdGEDPDMdGDMDVGDVv λ
Performance (Loss) Models and Simulation HazardImpact
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Implementation of Implementation of MethodologyMethodology
ATC-58 – Guidelines for Seismic Performance Assessment of BuildingsATC-63 – Recommended Methodology for Quantification of Building System PerformanceTBI – Tall Building Initiative
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
ATCATC--5858Seismic Performance Seismic Performance Assessment of Assessment of BldgsBldgs..
Present emphasis is on damage assessment (PACT program)Next stage will be collapse and casualty assessmentNext step will be downtimeFinal step will be putting the pieces together
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Importance of Damage Importance of Damage State Fragility FunctionsState Fragility Functions
Smallcracksonly
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
EPD (IDR)
P(DM|EPD) 5/8" Gypsum partition wall with 3-5/8" Wall Frame
Smallcracksonly
Wide cracks in gypsum boards
Severe damage togypsum board anddistorsion of metal frame
Source: E. Miranda
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Primary – Create a methodology for determining Seismic Performance Factors (R-factor, Cd-factor, overstrength factor) for different lateral-force-resisting systems
Secondary – Evaluate a sufficient number of different lateral-force-resisting systems to provide a basis for Seismic Code committees to develop more rational Seismic Performance Factors that will more reliably achieve the inherent earthquake safety performance objectives of building codes
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Example IDA Results and Example IDA Results and Collapse Margin RatioCollapse Margin Ratio
((44--story, SDC D, space frame with 30story, SDC D, space frame with 30--foot bays)foot bays)
0 0.05 0.1 0.150
2
4
6
8
Sa(T
=0.8
1s) [
g]
Maximum Interstory Drift Ratio
Median Collapse SCT = 2.77g
MCE SMT = 1.11g
MC = 2.5 (2.77/1.11)
Source: G. Deierlein
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Collapse Fragility with Collapse Fragility with Modeling UncertaintyModeling Uncertainty
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Exercised on Several Exercised on Several SeismicSeismic--ForceForce--Resisting Resisting
SystemsSystemsReinforced-Concrete Structures
4-Story SMF, IMF and OMF
12-Story IMF/OMF and Shear Wall (Core Wall)
Parametric Study of RC Frames1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 20 stories
Space vs. perimeter configurationsWood Structures:
Townhouse – Superior, typical, poor quality
Apartment – Superior, typical and poor quality
Other (Japanese Home, Templeton Hospital)
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Test Structures
Steel Structures:
4-Story (RBS) SMF (IMF, OMF) Source: C. Kircher
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Index Archetype Index Archetype Configuration (4Configuration (4--Story)Story)
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Tall Building Tall Building InitiativeInitiative
Source: R. Klemencic
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop KrawinklerSource: J. Maffei
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Source: R. Klemencic
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
WhatWhat’’s different about s different about these buildings?these buildings?
after MKA
High-performance materialsFraming systems not satisfying code prescriptive limitsNon-prescriptive designs are accepted in the code by demonstrating at least equivalent seismic performance.
UBC 1629.10.1, 1605.2, 104.2.8
Source: J. Moehle
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Tall Building Tall Building InitiativeInitiative
Identify performance objectivesGround motion selection and scalingEffects of GM selection and scaling on responseGuidelines on modeling and acceptance criteriaInput ground motions for tall buildings with embedded foundationsDissemination and consensus building
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Gaps in KnowledgeGaps in Knowledge
For damage assessment:Fragility curves for damage in structural and nonstructural componentsConsequence functions and loss curvesEffects of correlations
For downtime assessmentLength of downtimeScenario dependence of consequences
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Gaps in KnowledgeGaps in Knowledge
For collapse prediction and life safetyBetter analytical modeling rules for incorporation of all deterioration and brittle failure modes at the component level
Modeling of propagation of local collapseIncorporation of intangible contributions to collapse capacityRelationship between collapse and casualty rate
19-20 July 2007 – Belgirate, Italy LESSLOSS Final Workshop Krawinkler
Concluding remarks Concluding remarks --19991999
• Performance based engineering is here to stay
• It enforces a transparent design/assessment approach
• Much more emphasis must be placed on $ losses andloss of function (downtime)•
• Performance based design should be reliability based