1914-1918 US ENTERS 1917

• 1914-1918 • US ENTERS 1917

WORLD WAR ONE

THE GREAT WAR

THE WAR TO END ALL WARS

ISMS OF WW1 IMPERIALISM—LAND, COLONIES, MARKETS

MILITARISM- ARMS BUILDUPA. USE MILITARY THREAT , NOT MEDIATION

NATIONALISM- NATION COMES FIRSTA. LEADS TO SELFISH INTERESTS RATHER THAN COOPERATION

WORLD WAR 1 HOME FRONT WIB WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD

(1917) A. INCREASED WAR TIME PRODUCTION 20%

B. “WAR IS GOOD GOR THE ECONOMY” IDEA TAKES HOLD

C. NATIONALIZED BUSINESSES VITAL TO WAR INDUSTRIES

D. DISTRIBUTED NATURAL RESOURCES TO WAR INDUSTRIES

SACRIFICES voluntary rationing Meatless days Gasless sundays Victory gardens food shipments for war tripled

GOSPEL OF THE CLEAN PLATE

CIVIL LIBERTIES ATTACKED Anti- immigrant hysteria Germans targeted a. Tarred & feathered b. Whipped c. fired sauerkraut= liberty cabbage dachshunds = liberty dogs

SELLING THE WAR War bonds/ Liberty bonds ( 22 billion )a. Propaganda used extensively b. Taxes raised (11 billion) Committee on Public Information a. led by George Creel b. 4 minute men ( speeches) c. Printed 60 million leaflets d. Usa’s first foray into org.

propaganda

WW1 PROPAGANDA POSTERS

ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS Sedition = treason 10k fine\ 20 year prison term for ?????? disloyalty to war effort (vague and

broad) ILLEGAL TO: Say anything against the war / violates 1st

amendment Evade the draft 6,000 arrests / 25% conviction rate

KEY EUROPEAN NATIONS GREAT BRITAIN- STRONGEST POWERA. SUN NEVER SETS ON THE BRITISH EMPIREB. STRONGEST NAVY

GERMANYA. STRONGEST ARMYB. MOST INDUSTRIALIZEDC. NAVAL BUILDUP TO COMPETE W/ G. BRITAIN

ALLIANCE SYSTEM TRIPLE ENTENTE CENTRAL

POWERS

1. GREAT BRITAIN 1. GERMANY 2,FRANCE 2. AUST.

HUNGARY 3. RUSSIA 3. ITALY

No Mans land

TRIGGER OF WW1 ASSASSINATION

6-28-1914 ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND SHOT

HEIR TO THRONE IN AUSTRIA HUNGARY

A.H. DECLARES WAR ON SERBIA ALLIANCE SYSTEM COMMITS MAJOR

POWERS TO WAR

ALL QUIET ON THE WESTERN FRONT

WAR SOON BOGS DOWN INTO TRENCH WARFARE

EG 1ST BATTLE OF THE SOMME : STARTS 7-16 ENDS 11-16 THE FRONT LINE MOVES A TOTAL OF 7

MILES 1.2 MILLION LIVES LOST COMES TO SYMBOLIZE WW1 FUTILITY TRENCH WARFARE LASTED 3 YEARS

AMERICAN NEUTRALITY WAR IS ‘OVER THERE” NOT OUR WAR

PUBLIC OPINION DIVIDED

MOST COME TO FAVOR ALLIED SIDE

200% MORE TRADE W/ ALLIEDS

US HAS LABOR SHORTAGE DUE TO WAR SONG LYRIC I DIDN’T RAISE MY BOY TO BE A SOLDIER BROUGHT HIM UP TO BE MY PRIDE AND JOY WHO DARES PLACE A GUN ON HIS SHOULDER JUST TO SHOOT SOME OTHER MOTHER’S DARLIN BOY?

BRITISH BLOCKADE DEVASTATING NAVAL BLOCKADE USUALLY RESERVED FOR WAR CONTRABAND GR BRITAIN BLOCKADES FOOD AND FERTILIZER LEADS TO FAMINE /STARVATION 750K 750K STARVE TO DEATH

GERMAN RESPONSE

A SUBMARINE WARFAREB. MINE THE NORTH SEA C. ATTACK ANY SHIP TO GREAT BRITAIN

AMERICA EDGES CLOSER TO WAR LUSITANIA MAY 7 1915 LUXURY LINER TORPEDOED 128 AMERICANS AMONG DEAD SHIP CARRYING MUNITIONS TO ENGLAND ( GERMANY WITHIN RIGHT)

ZIMMERMAN NOTEINTERCEPTED / LEAKED TO PRESSGERMANY ASKS MEXICO TO ATTACK USAGERMANY WILL RETURN AZ, TEX. NEW MEX. TO MEXICO

NEW WEAPONS / TECHNOLOGIES 1st modern war Mechanized warfare (tank +

airplanes) Big Bertha - huge cannon 1 ton

shell /75 miles Zeppelins gas filled airship/ designed

to drop bombs in enemy territory Machine gun most deadly weapon 600 rounds per minute = 40 riflemen

WEAPONS /TECHNOLOGY Poison gas (usually chlorine) Terrified Allied soldiers Blindness suffocation Advanced weapons led to trench

warfareBIG BERTHA

Machine gun

END OF WAR GERMANY EXHAUSTED ; WAR MACHINE DONE collapse LOW MORALE DESERTATIONS NO DECISIVE BATTLES WON OR LOST POIGNANT QUOTE ABOUT WW1 IN

PARTICULAR

“THEY LOST, WE DIDN’T WIN” BRITISH SOLDIER

11TH HOUR, 11TH DAY 11TH MONTH NOV 11TH, 11AM, 1918 WAR IS OVER

TREATY OF VERSAILLES OFFICIALLY ENDS WAR

LEADS TO MANY NEGATIVES, INCLUDING RISE OF ADOLF HITLER

PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

33 BILLION IN WAR REPARATIONS STRIPPED OF ALL COLONIES 9 NEW NATIONS CREATED REDUCED GERMAN ARMY TO 110K MEN WAR GUILT CLAUSE ---- GERMANY’S

FAULT