1914-1918: The World at War Goal #39 Millions of people were involved in a global conflict.
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1914-1918:
The World
at War Goal #39
Millions of people were
involved in a global conflict.
I. Causes
of the
War
Four “MAIN” Causes:
MAIN CAUSES OF WWI
Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism
A. Militarism
1. Countries began to prepare for war
B. Imperialism
1. Countries competed to build large colonial
empires around the globe
Imperialism
Every major country was trying to
grab land and would get mad if
another country beat them to it
2. Land meant colonies – colonies meant more $$$ + more military bases
= more POWER
Colonial
Rivalries:
Africa
in
1914
The British Empire in 1914
C. Nationalism
1. A love for and
extreme loyalty to
one’s country.
People supported their
countries & KINGS –
“my country – right or
wrong”
Everyone thought their
country was the BEST.
Nationalism – European countries ruled by kings often related to one another
Aggressive Nationalism
D. Alliances
1. To be more secure, European countries
formed pacts (partnerships or formal
agreements) to defend one another.
2. The Alliance System – divided
Europe into 2 hostile camps
Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:
Great Britain
France
Russia
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Europe in 1914
3.The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II [Rus]
George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Allied Powers:
Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Central Powers:
Enver Pasha [Turkey]
II. The
“Prize”
A. Ottoman Empire
1. One huge country –
run by the Turks
By early 1900’s, starting
to crumble – too much
land & too many people
to control
2. Other countries in
Europe wanted to grab
pieces as colonies
“Sick man of Europe”
Many different Ethnic Groups
III. The
“Spark”
The Balkans “Powder keg of Europe”
A. Russia + Serbia
1. Russia signed a pact with Serbia
promising to defend her because she
wanted to bring Serbia under her
power
2. Serbia was mad at Austria-Hungary
for taking Bosnia-Herzegovina from
her +
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His
Family
Heir to the Austria-
Hungry throne.
He was going to be
the next King of
Austria until…
The Assassin:
Gavrilo
Princip
Bosnian
Serb
1.“Black Hand”
member
Who’s To Blame? 2. Serbia
refuses to apologize
C. Two Armed Camps!
WWI
Allied Powers: Central Powers:
Great Britain
France
Russia
Italy
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Steps to War:
June 28- Archduke Ferdinand Assassinated
July 28- Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
July 30- Russia mobilizes its army to defend Serbia
Aug 1- Germany declares war on Russia
Aug 3- Germany declares war on France
Aug 4- Britain declares war on Germany
Aug 6- Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
Aug 12- France and Britain declare war on Austria-Hungary
Soldiers Mobilized
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Mil
lio
ns
Recruits of the
Central Powers
Austro-Hungarians
A German Soldier Says Farewell to
His Mother
D. U.S. Position - Neutrality
President Woodrow
Wilson announced policy
right after war broke
out
Warned U.S. citizens to not
take sides
U.S. role to mediate for peace
1. Loaned $$ and exported
more goods to Allies
Soldier Life in Trenches
Death was a daily companion
Rats
Lice
Stench
Shell Shock
Trench Fever
Trench Foot
Trench Foot
Sacrifices in War
V. The
Eastern
Front
A. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Attempt to capture Turkish
capital – failed miserably
276,000 Allied losses
Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
VI. New
Technology
Changes The
War:
Weapons
A. Flame Thrower
B. Machine Guns
Used to plow down the advance of
enemy troops.
Shoots over 600 rounds ammo per
minute
C. Tanks
First used by British
1. Used to plow through barbed wire and clear paths for advancing armies
French Renault Tank
British Tank at Ypres
D. The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie
Rickenbacher, US
Francesco
Barraco, It.
Rene Pauk
Fonck, Fr.
Manfred von
Richtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]
Willy Coppens de
Holthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”
Mannoch, Br.
The Zeppelin
“Big Bertha” Gun – reduced a
city’s defenses to rubble
Trench Mortars
High powered artillery used to blow
away the trenches
E. Poison Gas
First used by the French
Chlorine & mustard
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