1914- 1918: The World at War Mrs. May-Beaton
1914- 1918: The World at War 1914- 1918: The World at War Mrs. May-Beaton.
Dec 17, 2015
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1914-1918:
The Worldat War
1914-1918:
The Worldat WarMrs. May-BeatonMrs. May-Beaton
Causesof theWar
Causesof theWar
1. Militarism 1. Militarism
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,
Rus.] in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany
73%
2. The Alliance System2. The Alliance System
Triple Entente:Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:Triple Alliance:
Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Allied Powers:Allied Powers: Central Powers:Central Powers:
The Major Players: 1914-17
The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II [Rus]
Nicholas II [Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Allied Powers:Allied Powers:
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Central Powers:Central Powers:
Enver Pasha[Turkey]
Enver Pasha[Turkey]
Europe in 1914Europe in 1914
3. Imperialism3. Imperialism
4.Nationalism4.Nationalism
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
The“Powder
Keg”of Europe
The
“Spark”
The
“Spark”
Leading up to the ‘shot heard round the world’:
Austria controlled BosniaNationalism:
Serbia wanted the territory of Bosnia to be freed from foreign control
Wanted to unite Serbia and Bosnia June 28, 1389 Serbs conquered by Turks June 28, 1912 Serbs defeat Ottoman Turks and
receive their freedom June 28, 1914…
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Born 12/18/1863, Austria Assassinated 7/28/1914 Archduke of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne Was told not to go to Bosnia because of terrorist
action Serbs see Austrians as foreign oppressors Wife killed in assassination as well Assassinated by Princip in order to force Austria
to giving up their control of Bosnia
The Black Hand
Nationalist gang Included high ranking Serbian military
officials. Main purpose to unite all Serbs across
Balkans “To realize the national ideal, the unification of all
Serbs. This organization prefers terrorist action to cultural activities; it will therefore remain secret."
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Plot
The Black hand wanted to assassinate the Archduke in order to bring Bosnia into Serbia and unite all Serbs.
Leaders of Bosnia found out about the plot but were unable to prevent it in time.
3 men planned to kill the Archduke when he came to visit Bosnia
The Assassin: The Assassin:
GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip
Gavril Princip
D.O.B- 7/25/1894, Bosnia Died 1918, at 23 from tuberculosis in
Czechoslovakia Member of the “ Young Bosnia” nationalist
group, connected to the “Black Hand” Wanted Bosnia to become part of Serbia Only assassin to complete plot, and murder the
Archduke
The Result: Powder Keg Erupts!
Austria sends Serbia an ultimatum: Punish any military officials involved in the plotEnd Serbian aggression against AustriaGive Austria full access to military records and government
files and investigate the shooting Serbia refused part of the ultimatum, claiming it
would have to give up their freedom Germany gave Austria their full support, writing
a “blank check” for Austria to start war with Serbia
Continued…
Serbia asks Russia for support, and gets both French and Russia support
Ultimatum expires, Austria officially declares war on Serbia
Russia partially mobilizes forces along Austrian border, July 30
Germany declared war on France and Russia, following “Schlieffen Plan”
Continued…
Serbia asks Russia for support, and gets both French and Russia support
Ultimatum expires, Austria officially declares war on Serbia
Russia partially mobilizes forces along Austrian border, July 30
Germany declared war on France and Russia, following “Schlieffen Plan”
What was the Schlieffen Plan?
Germany’s military Strategy planned by General Schlieffen years before Ferdinand’s assassination
Germany did not want to fight a 2-front war
Fighting both Russia and France at once, on either border.
Plan to first defeat France by going through Belgium, and then focus on Russia, hoping that Russia would be slow to mobilize
Back To Results
Germany’s declaration of war and invasion of neutral Belgium with no explanation, FORCED England to declare war on Germany
By August 5, 1914 the lines were drawn: France, England, Russia, Serbia (Gummy
Bears) vs. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Sour Gummies)
The Major Players: 1914-17
The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II [Rus]
Nicholas II [Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Allied Powers:Allied Powers:
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Central Powers:Central Powers:
Enver Pasha[Turkey]
Enver Pasha[Turkey]
I'm not saying
anything yet
Europe in 1914Europe in 1914
DIG IN!
Battle lines are drawn and trench warfare is born!
Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?
What’s Going On?
Who is in this cartoon? What is the cartoon saying about the
events leading up to the war? What is meant by the quote, “…and surely
so much stockpiled gunpowder will explode.”
What will happen
4 years of horrific fighting throughout Europe
Other neutral nations will be forced into battle
One death will lead to millions The illusion of a great war will be
shattered by modern warfare techniques Change the world, and diplomacy
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