1911 Infantry Drill Regulations

.,r- ,

Infantry Drill Regulations

UNITED STATES ARMY . .: . ., .

19l1 .,

WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRIN11NG OFFICE

1911

' ..

WAR DEPARTMENT Document No. 394

OI'I'ICIl 01' THill CHIEI' 01' STAI'''

WAIl DEPABTlrIENT, On'ICI: OF THE CUID' OF STAJ'I',

Wa,hington, Augu,' 19, 1911. The followIng system of Drill Regulations for Infantry, pre

Plred by a board of oftlcers consisting of Lieut. Col. John F. Morrison, Infantry; Capt. Merch B. Stewart, Eighth Infantry; and Capt. Alfred W. Bjornstad, Twenty-elghth Infantry, Is approved and Is published for the Information and governmentof the Regular Army and the Organized Militia of the United States. With a view to Insure uniformity throughout the Army,all Infantry drill formations not embraced In this system are prohIbited, and those herein pre8Crlbed will be strictly observed.

By order of the Secretary ot War: ..J LmNABD WOOD,

'I). Major General, Ohlef of 8t4fJ w( B ~, l'

~ ~

~ ..

.c;; '0

... \ ~

~

, ", ,. f J ,

", ..... ~ w,

TABLE OF CONTENTS. ~ ... J f .; .

PART I-DnlZ. . .P~ragraph. ~L.- .Introduction .__-' :...._~_ .....-_L 1- 30 :2. Omers, commands and 8ignals :...:.:__l.-_:..._:...~-.:.--- .,31- 41 3. StbOol of the 801dier ~~~~_~~ __~~_~~~~ 48-100 :4.:. 'SeMol ot the squad .J.:..~_~;....:. lOlr11>8 ,6. SchOo] ot the company ...._L.:..__~i.l_.. _ ~ 159-257_J___ . . . (a) Close order !'"".J-_~~-'-__~'_~.;.i_- ~ J167-198

. ,(b) Extended order ~_:.J._~:.._L:.:;._...;~.:. ,199-231

.. (0) .Fire ~ ... ;..~u..: 1__.;.~""'_-_..;. 232-257 0. "The. battalioD- ----~:.-.... -------.t:.-----:..:.- ...~ 258-326

- (a) Close order_.. _.:._~~ ~ __:_..:..L.-'-..:-'-- ..-. 263-289 . (b) Combat principles .:;..~~~_~_..:...L ... __..:../__ '_'w 290--326

7. ~ r~i~t- ---_----------- ... ------~~~~~_--.327-346 :. . .. (a) Close order .:....... _'-_ .... ~ __ _'~ __~ :333-341

~ ~' " (b) _Combat principles ... :.-.;,;._L__... ,342-346 8. The brlgade....:-.-...------.:--":- ....,.,."'7-.r:---~~-- ....--1------- 347-349

PART II-a~nnbat. ' ;' ','- ',' ~ 1. Introductlon ~_~_~__~ __ u ~ ~1350_357 -2~Leader8hip---------------------------_----------;~8B

. ~ ( a) General cODslderatlons ...... .:..-:.:...:.....L~~ ..&-_~ ... ~ 358-370 !.

TABLE OJr CO.TBBTS.8

Paragraph.7. Defense I' 489-519 (a) Positions and Intrenchments 489-494 ( b) Deployment for defense 495-510 (c) Counterattack~_~ ~_~ 511-516 (a) Delaying action ------- 51q.....519

8. Meeting engagements :... ~ . 620-530 9 Withdrawal from action ~ ~ ~531_535

10. Miscellaneous .:. ~:...:. __~ 537-622 (a)!4achine guns - ~ ~ 537-546 (11) AmmunItion supply 547--553 (c) 8Couts ~ ~:... ~ 554-557~ounted (a) Night operations 558-568 (e) Infantry against Cavalry ~ 56tJ.::574 (1) Infantry against Artillery ---------- - 575-578 (g) Artillery supports ----... ~ _ 579-583 (h) IntrenchDlents 581-595 (i) llinor lVarfare

~

596-603~ (J) Patrols -----------------------.&..---__..:.-.._.604-622

PART III-Marches and camps.1. }{arches -_- ~------------- 623-660

(a) Training and dlscipllne 623--635 (b) Protection of the march_________________ tlB6-66O

2. CaInps__________________________________________ 661-701 (a) sanitation -:-. 661-677 . (11) Protection ot camp or blvouac~__~._ __. 678-707

PABT IV-Oerem0n4es and inspection8.1. ceremonle8 ~ ~ .708-765 (a) ~ 711-781Etevlevv~ ~ (b) Parades ----~--~- - 732-785

, (c) ~rt~-------------------~-------~-T---736-7442. IDBpectlon8 ~ ---~- 74~754 3. ~u8ter---- 7~757 4. Honors and salutes 75S-76ti

PART V.-!lanuaJ,.1. The color 766-778 2. --__ 779-781~eb8DdL

S"llan~ of the saber ~ __~- 782-791 4. Manual ot tent pltchlng .._-________ 79~5. of the bugle - __ .___ 804-807~~ ~

( (I ) Bugle calls. ~ (") Bugle slpals.

INFANTRY DllILL REGULATIONS. UNITED STATES ARMY, 1911.,

DEFINITIONS. Align",."t: A straight line upon which several elenleuts are

formed, ot are to be formed; or the dre98ing of several elements upon a straight line. .

Baee: The element on wbleb a InO-vement 18 regulated.Batt'. li,At: The poIlitlon of the rear sight when the leaf is

laid doWD. Center: The middle polilt or element ()f a command: .. Column: A formation in which the 'elements are placed one be

hind another. S.plo,: To extend the front. In genera] to change from column

to line, or from close order to e%tended order. S.pth: The space trom helrd to rear of any fornu1tloll, Ineludftlg

the leading and rear" elements. Tbe 6eptb of a man Is assumed to be 12 inches. . ,

Di.tance: Space between elements In the direction of depth,. Distance Is measured from the back of'tbe man' In frOnt to the breast of the man in rear. The distance between ranks Is 40 Inches In both line and column.

Element: A tlle, squad, platoon, company, or larger body, forming part of a still larger body.

Fil.: Two men, the front-rank man and the corresponding man of the rear rank. The front-rank man Is the fil. IlJGder. A tlle which has no rear-rank man Is a blank fil.. The tern) fil. applies also to a single man In a single-rank formation.

Fil. tJlor.: Such officers and noncommissioned officers of 0 company 8S are posted In rear of the line. For coDvenlence, all men posted In the line of file closers.

"ank: The right or left of a command In Une or in column; also the element on the rIght or lett of the llne.

"

8 DBPIBITIO.S.

Formation: Arrangement of the elements ot a command. The placing of all fractions in their order in line, in column, or for battle.

Front: The. space, fa wldtb,- ocouiie(}. bJ aq elellleBt. eithef In l

-line' or In colnmn. . trhe 1ront of a man is 8.8'8umM to be 22 inches. Front also denotes the direction of the enemy.

Buide: An otllcer; noncomtnlssioned bftlaer, or pti~ate upon whom the command or elements thereof regulates its march.

Head: The leading element of a column. Interval: Space between elements of the same line. The interval

between men in ranks is 4 inches and Is measured from elbow to elbow. Between companies, squads, etc., it is measured froIm tile :left elbow of the left DJJlnor Bulde of . tilegroup on the right, to tke rIght elbow -of th~ rJgbt man or guide of the group on the left.

Left: The left .extreinlty or elew.ent of u body of troop& Un.: .4 t.ormatl~ in which th~ dUf.eJ;ent el~ents Ilre abreut

of each other. '. Order, close: The fpr~atlOD. in which t~ units, in pouble ~~nk,

I are arranged in ll~" or 10 colUJQIl with.no,.-mal inwvaJa and distances. . .

OtVI.r, extended: The formation i.D wblqh the uDits a~e .8epurated by interva\lf.greater than in, close order. -. .

Pace; Thlrt, inches; the length of the tull step in qulck time. . Point of ,.t: The point at which a format\on begl~s. Specific

ally, the point toward which units are aUped in successive .movements. . .

Rank.: A line of men placed Bide by side. .. Right: The right extremity:or e1eIQeDt of a body of, troops.

PART,1.-'DRILL.

.INTRODUCTION. 1. 8uC~8S in 'battle is the ultimate object ,of all military

training; success may be .looked far only when tile training is Intelligent and thorough.

~. Commanding omcers are. a~o\Jntable for. the proper training 01. thel~ respective organizations within tbe limits prescribed by regUlations and orders. . '

TIle- excellence of an organization is judged by Its field em~ clency. The field efficiency of an organization depends primarily upon Its etfeetlve~S8 811 a whole.. TheroughnelJ8 and uniformity In the training of the units of an organlzatlon are indlspen88.ble to the efficiency of the wbole;: it is ,by such -means alone that the- requisite teamwork may be deve16ped.. 3. Simple movements, and elastic formations ore essential to

correct trainlng for battle.' . 4. The Drill Regulations are furnished as 8 guide. They prOJ

vide the -principles for training and for increasing the probability of sucees8 in battle. :. In the interpretation of the regulations, the spi~tt must be

8olight. Quibbling' over -the minutlm of form is indicative of failure to grasp the spIrit.

IS. The priDelples of combat are considered in Part II of th~se regulatIons. They are treated In thevarious IIChoo18 Included in Part I oBly to the extent necesmry to indicate 'the' fUDcttoDe of the various commanders and the. division- .ot responsibility between them. The amplification necessary to n proper understanding of their application Is to-be sougbt in~Pftrt II. 6. The folJoWln~ Important distinctions must be observed:, (a) Drills executed at attention and the ceremonies are dis

ciplinary ex,rcise. designed to teach precise and soldletly IDOVement, and to Inculcate that prompt and subconscious obedience Which is essential to proper -military control. To this endt

. sr .

10 IlfTJI,ODUCTIOlf

smartness and precision should be exacted in the execution of every detail. Such drills should be frequent, but short.

( b) The purpose of- extended orde,. drill is. to teach the mechanism of deployment, of the firings, and, in general, of the employment of troops in combat. Such drills are in the nature of disciplinary exercises and should be frequent, thorough, and exact in order to habituate men to the firm control of their leaders. Extended order drill Is executed at ea.". The company is the largest unit which execntes extended order drill.

(0) Field exercise. Bre for instruction in the duties incident to campaign. Assumed situations aTe employed. Each exerclse should conclude with a discussion, en the ground, of tbe exercise and principles involved.

(d,) The 'combat exerelse, a for., ., field exeroi ot the company, battalion; and larger units, conmst8 ot the .pplictttioll of tactical principle. to assumed situations, employhig in the execution the appropriate formations and movements of close and extended order. Combat exercises mU8t 8imulate, 88 far 88 possible, the battle

conditIons assumed. In order to famniarize both oftlcers and men wIth such conditione, companies and battalloDs will fre.. quently be consolldated to provide war-strength organllsatloDs. 01llcer8 and noncommissioned officers not requIred to complete the full quota ot the units participating are RS81gned 88 observers or umpires. The firing line can rarely be controlled by the voice alone;

thorough training to insure the proper use ot pret1Crlbed 81gnals Ill' neees88ry.. The exercise should be followed by a brief drill at attention

in order to restore smartness and control. '1. In field exercises the enemy 18 said to be imllginlU" when

his position and force are merely assumed; .IlIlined when'bis position nDd force are indicated by a few men; t'.p,.".enf.d when a body of troop aet8 as such.

fJen",.al Rule. tot' D";II. ad Formation 8. When the pr.parato,., command consists of more than one

part, Its elements are arranged as follows: (1) For movements to be executed success1vely by the BUb

divisions or elements of an organIzatIon: (a) Description ot the movement; (b) how executed, or on what element executed.

11

(2) For movements to be: eIaeCuted simultaneously by the subdivisloDs of an organ..tlon ~ . (a) The designation of the 8ubdlvlsloDs; (b.) the movement to be executed., " 8. Movements that may be exe~uted toward either 1l~nk ~re

explained as toward but one flank, it being necessary to sub... stltute tbe word "lett '! tor "rigbt," and the reverse, to have the explanation of the corresponding movement toward the other Jlank. The commands are given for the execution of the movements toward either llank.. The substitute wpm ~of .the command is placed within parentheses. 10. Any mevement may be 'executed either from tIle haJt or

wbeB marching". unless otherwise prescribed. If ata halt, the command for mov~meJ}.t, lsvolving m~rchlng need not be pr,ef., aced by forward, as 1. Column right (left), 2. MARCH." 11. Any movement Dot speclaUy exee~ed may be executed

In double time. , I. It at a halt, or it marching in quick time, the command do'!.ble

time precedes the command of execution-. , 12. In successive movements executed in double time the

leacUng or base Wllt marches in quick time when Dot otherwise prescribed; the other units marcb ~n double ti",. to tbEtlr pla:Ces tn the formation ordered and then conform to the pit of the

lead~g or ba~ unit. If marchlng in double time, the .command double time is omitted. The leading or base unit .marches in quick ti.e; the other units continue at double time to tJ1elr places In the formation ordered and then conform to the gait of the. leadtg or, base qJl1t. . 18. To hasten tbe ex~utlon of a movement beg\lD in qui,ck,

time, the :coqunand:. 1" Double time, 2. ",ARCH, is given. J The leading or ba'sa unIt continues to march In quick time, or remaiDS at halt If .already halted; the othe.- units complete the exooutlon ot the movement 1n double time an4 thQn conform to the galt ot the leading or base unit. .:,': 14-.To S.ta7 the eX~Uon of. a movement whep marching, tor

the correction of errors, the cOllJJJland: .1.. In plat:e, 2. HALT, is given. All halt and stand f~st, .without changlJ;lg the PQsitlon of the pieces. To re8JUDe the moveUl~nt the command: 1. IN8ume, 2. MARCH, is given.. ',r I I' .: : ., 13. To revoke a preparatorYI.cpmmand, or, being- at a: halt,

to begin anew a movement Imprpperly begun, the command, AI rou WERE, Is given"at Which the }poyement ceases and the former position Is resumed. . . . . .

11':

'16. Unless otherwise announced; the guide of a cotnpnny or subdivision of a company in line'18 right: ot a battalion in line or line of subdivisions or of a deployed line, ce"ter;' ot a lilnk in column of squads, toward the side of the guide ot,the company. ' To march with guide ether than a'8 prescribed above, or 1&'

cballge the gulde'~ Suide (right, l.tt, or center). ' In ,successive fonnations into 'lIne, the guide Is toward the

point 'Of 'Test; in .platoons or larger 'subdivislons it 1& '80 announced. ' The announcement of the guide, wben given in connection

wltha mO'fement, follows the command of exeeutlon for that movenlent. 'Exception: 1. A. skirmisher., guide right (left or center), 2. MARCH. . 17. '1Ie turn 011 the fixed pirot 'by subdivisions t8 used in all

fOl'JDatlons from line Into column and the reverse. Tile turn'on the'moving piYot is used by subdivisions of a column

in executing changes of direction. . 1;-8. Partial changes of direction may be executed:

, By' ltlterpolatlng In" the prepamtory eoItlmand the word half; 8S 'Column half: riDht (left), or Right (left) half turn. A' cbange' df direction Of' 45P Is executed. By fli~ command: IIICLINE TO THE RIBHT -(LEFT). The guide,

or gUidl'hg element, moves in the indicated dtreCtioh and the remaind~r of the command conforms~' This ttlovement etrects slight 'changes of dlreetion. ' " 19. The designations line of plat.oon'., line 0' c.",patlie" line

til !laffaNon" etc., refer to tbe forma tloDs' In wbleb the pIatOOftS, companIes, battalions, ete., -each 'In column of squ$.ds, are in l1ne. ' ,.' ' 90. Full distant'e In column of subdlvlslbns 'Is such' that In

forming line to the right or left the subdivisions will have their proper Intervals. .', ., . ' In column ot 8ubdit1s1ons the guide of 'the leading subdivtBion

18 charged with the step and' dtrectlon; the guides in rear preserve the trace, step, and dt8tan~e.: ' ,. fl. In .close 'order; all detaIls, detachments, and other bodies

of troops are habitually formed In double rank. . To insure nntformltr of"interv~l between files when taIlIng

In,'aod'in alignments,' each man'places the palm of the left hand: upontbe hIP, _ere pOintmk doWnw~m. ' In the .first'case the

I

band .i.'dmPDe4~ ~.sJ4e .when tbe.next: ~n. on the lett:. bas his :intel.'val ; .j)), .tbe secoM case. 8.t tbe commanti frant. 22. The posts of officers,! D9DCommiasioned officersl special

onits . (sueh! as band or. maehlne.gun company) ,. etc.,' in the various formations .of the company, battalion, or regiment, are sJlQwn in .plates. .. : . . . In .all changes from 'one formation to another Involving a change of post Ott the part. of any of these, f)OSts are promptlytaken by the most convenient route as soon as practicable after the -command ot. execution f-or the movement.; .oOlcers ana B()JIoeommI!8iOkled :oftlcers who have prescribed duties in c01lnectloD with the movement ordered, take their new postlji when such duties. are~-cGmp~' . . . As instrnctorm, officers and .noncommissioned otDcerft go

wherever ~ketr presenee is neceilSary. A8 file closers It Is their duty to rectify mistakes and insure steadiBe&8 and Ipromptlle$8 in thb ranks~' ". ",':.' _ 28. Except -'at ceremOJlies, the specia.l units have .no fiXed

places. :They! take .places las directed; in tlte absenee.of directions, they conform~ as nearl,. RS. praetlcable to ;tbe 'plates,. and In subsequent movements maiBtam their relative posititms.w1th respoot t. the dank or eDtd of the eommand OR whlch. they. were orlgllurlly posted. . . J' 241. General, fi9ld,:aBd stair: officers are habitually mounted.

The staff of :8D ofIicer 'fOrm8 in single rank 3 paces, in rear ..of him; the right ot the unk extending 1 pace to the right of 4 point directly tn rear of him. l\femberst of the staff are a~ ranged in order from right to left as follows: General staff officers, adjutant, aids, other staff officers, arranged in each classification In order of rank, the senior on the right. The flag of the general otDcer and the orderlies are 3 paces In rear of the staff, the flag on the right. When necessary to reduce the front of the stat! and orderlies, each line executes twos right or fours right, as explained in the Cavalry Drill Regulations, and follows the commander. When not otherwise prescribed, staff officers draw and return

saber with their chief. 23. In making the about, an officer, mounted, habitually turns

to the lett. When the commander taces to give commands, the staff, flag,

and orderlies do not change position.

14

. 88. At all military formations IlD ollleer _bite. before maklDg a report; the oftlcer to' whom tbe Feport Is made acknowledge&, by saluting, that be bas recelftd and understood the report. The salute Is made- with the saber If drawn; otherwise with tile hand. 2 '1. For ceremonies, all mounted enltsted men of a regiment

or smaller unit, except those belonging to the machine-gun organizatlon8, are consolidated into o detachmeot; the senior present commands if no oftlcer Is in eharge. The detachment 18 formed a8 a platoon or squad of cavalry in line or column of fours; noncomm1BB1oned stair oflleers are on tbe right or in the" leading ranks.

1118. For ceremonies, such of the noncommissioned staft oftlcers '8S are dismounted are formed fi paces In rear of the color, In onler of rank from right to lett. In ooltlmn' ot squads they ma'rch as tHe closer&. 29. Other than for ceremonies, noncommissioned stat! omeera

alld orderltes accompany their immediate chiefs unlegs otherwise directed. If mountedt the noncommissioned Btaff oftlcers are ordinarily posted on the right or at the head of the orderlies. 80.. In all formatioDs and DlOvements a noncommissioned

offteer commanding a platoon or company carries llill piece as the men do, It he Is 80 armed, and takes the same post as an oftlcer In like situation.. When the eommaDd Is formed in Une tor eeremonles, a noneomml8s1oned officer commanding a company takes ]lOst on the right of tbe.rlght guide after the company has been allgned.

' ..... "

f

. I .~'. ..~ "~ l

", ~, fl'

ORPERS, COMMANDS, AND SIGNALS. 31. COIII.anda on,ly a,..e employed in drill at attenUQu. Other

wise either a command, signal, or order Is employed, as .best suIts the occasion, or one may be used in conjunction, with another. 32. Signals should be freely used in instruction, in order that

officers and mep mal readily kn9w them. In making arm $ignals the saber, rifte, or headdress may be held in the hand38...Officers IUldmen fix. jtheir attention at the first word of complan~ the ,first Dote ot the bugle or' whistle, or the 1lrst motion of the signal. A signal includes both the preparatory command and the command of execution; the movement commences 88 soon &s the sIgnal Is understood, unless otherwise prescribed. 84. Except in movements executed at attention, commanders

or leaders of IJubdivislons repeat orders, commands, or signalswhene\?er such repetition 18 deemed necessary to insure prompt nnd correct execution. Officers, platoon leaders, guides, and musicians are equipped

with whistles. Guides and musicians assist by repeating sl&na~M when necessary. " 85. Prescribed sIgnals are limited to such as are essentIal

as a substitute tor the voice under conditions which render tb~ voIce inadequq.te. , . .

~tore or during an engagement special signals may .be. agreedupon to :facilitate the solution of such special difficulties as the particular s1tq8tlon Is likely"to develop,- but it must be .remembered that simplicity and certaInty are indispensable qualities of a signal.,

Ord,r

88. In these regulations an order embraces instructions or directions given orally or In writing In terms suited to the particular occasion and not prescribed herein. O,d." are employed only when the command. prescribedherein do not sufficIently Indicate the wIll of the commander. Orders are more tully described' In paragraphs 878 to 383,

inclusive. ItS

18

I

ORDERS, COKJlABDB, ABD BIGBALB. "\ Command ~

3 "1. In. th~e, regulatiQlls a ~Dmmand(is tpe ""ill.Qf the co~ mander expressed in the' phraSeology prescribed h~rein. I

38. There are two kinds of commands: j. The p.repal'ato,., eomluaud, such as forward, indicateS "the moy

ment that Is to be executed. . . :. . I The command of e~ecutiof!, sucb as MARCH, HALT, o~ ~RM8f\

causes the execution.' , '. Preparator, commands are distingulsbed by .ittJlics, those oj I execution by CAPITALS; . -, . .' " I

.Where 'tt is not mentioned In the text who gives the com I mands prescribed, they are to be- giV'en by the commander of the~, unit eoncerned. . ' .. . ' The prepar~or, command should be given at such an interl-sl U of time before the command of execution as to; a'dmit of being ~ properly understood; the command of execution should be given at the instant the movement is to commence. .

'The tone of command is animated, di8tiIlct~ and of a loudness ,i proportioned to the number of men for 'whom it is intended. '

Each preparatory command Is enunclateq distinctly, with a . rIsing inflection at the end, and in such manner that the COlll- : man(! of execution may be more energetIc. I

The command of execution is llrlD in tone and brief. 89. Majors and cominand~rs of units larger than a battbJloll

repeat 'such .commands of their superiors as are to be exectlte

Attention to orders: Troops Jix th.ei~ attention. Forward, march: Used also to~ execute quick time from double

time.: : r J .:; Double time, march. . ;. To the rear,. march: In close order, execute squ(H/s right about. Halt. AS8embl.., mreh. "1' _ . The following bugle signals may be used PU the battle field: Fix bayonets. Charge. ' Assemble. march. . These signals are used only wheD intended tor the entire

firing line; hence they can be authori~ed only: by tbe cOIllIlW;nder of a ullii '(for eX8w;p.Ie-, a regiment or brigade):which o~cuples a distinct section of' the battle field. Exception. : Fix. bayonet. (See. par~ 318.)' '. ,_

The follDwing bugle signals are used in exceptional cases on the battle field. -~heir principal uses -are in field exercises and practice firiIlg. - . '

COmllJ.8DCe firing: Officers charged with fire direction and control open fire as soon as practicable. When given to a .firing line, the signal, is equi-valent to Hr. at will Cease firing: AU parts of the. line execute cea;s firing at once.. These signals are not used by units smaller than a regiment,

except when such unit IB independent or detached. from its regiment.. - - .

, .Whistle Signals.I .' ... ( .

42. Atte;ilioiJ-lo oJiders. A short blasf of the whistle. This signal is used oJ.).. the m,arch, or in combat when necessary t(> fix the attention of troops; or of their ~omtnanders or leaders, preparatory to giving commands, orders, or sIgnals.

When the firing line Is firing, each squad le~de'r suspends firing and fixes his attention at ll. short blast of his platoon leader's whistle. The platoon leafIer's subsequent commands or signals are repeated and> enforced by' the squad leader. It a Hquad leader's attention is attracted by a whistle other than that of his platoon leader, or if'there are' no orders or commands to convey to his Squad he resumes firing' at once. . Suspend firing. } A I~n~ blast ~~ th~ whist~e.

7201-11--2

18 oaDEBB, COARBS, A.D. SXO .u.s.

Arm ligna/

48. The following arm signals are prescribed. In making signals either arm may be used. Officers who receive signals on the firing line "Tepeat back" at once to p~eveDt. misunderstanding. Forward, march. Carry the hand. to the shoulder; straighten

and hold the arm horizontally, thrusting It in direction of march. This signal is also used to execute quick time from double

time. Halt. Carry the hand to the shoulder; thrust the hand upward

and hold the arm vertically. DOIIbl. time, mattth. Carry the haBd to tbe shoulder; rapidly

thrust the hand upward the full extent 01. the arm several times. Squad. right, march. Raise the arm laterally until 'horizontal;

carry it to a vertical position above the head and swing it several times between the vertical and horizontal positions. Squad. left, march. Raise the arm laterally untU horizontal;

carry It downward to the side and swing It several times between the downward and horizontal positions. Squad. right about, mtlrcb (it in close order) or, To th. rea,.,

malVJh (if In skirmish llne). Extend the arm ,ertlcany above the head; carry it laterally downward -to the side and swing It several times between the Yertical Bnd downward positions. Change direction or Colum.n right (I.ft), march. The hand on the

side toward which the change ot direction is to be made is carrIed across the body to the opposite shoulder, forearm horizontal; then swing in a horizontal plane, arl)l extended." poInting In the new direction. .. As .kirmishers, march. Raise both arms laterally until borl

zontnl. Akirmi.her., guide center, march. Raise both arms laterally

until horizontal; swing both simUltaneously upward until vertical and return to the horizontal; repeat several times. A. skirmisbers, guide right (left), march. Ratse both arlns lat

eraI1y nntil horizontal; hold the arm on the side of the guide steadily In the horizontal position; swing the other upward until vertical and return it to the horizontal; repeat several times. As.embl., march. Raise the arm 'Vertically to Its fUll extent an~ describe horizontal circles.

18 GlI.DZU, OOJlKA1fDl, AJD) ~"AL8.

Range, or Change e/eration. To announce ,.ang., extend thea.rm toward the leaders or men for whom the signal .1s ,intended, fist closed; by opening and CIOBlrig the fist, expose thumb and fingers to a number equal to the hUDdreds of yards; to add 50 yards describe a short horisonialltne with forefinger. To chang. e/eyation, indicate the amount of increase or decrease by fingers 8S above; point upward to Indteate increase and downward to Indicate decrease. 8u.".nd'rillg. Raise and hold the'forearm steadily In a hori

zontal position In front of the forehead, palm of the hand to the front.

eeoe. firin,. Raise the forearm as in Bu.end firing and swing it up and down several ~ in front of the face. Platoo". Extend the arm horizontally toward the platoon

leader; describe emall circles with the band. '(See par. 44.) Bquad. Extend the arm horizontally toward the platoon leader;

BWing the hand np and down from the wrist. (See par. 44.) Rueb. Same as dellble time. . 44. The signals platoon and squad are Intended primarily for

rommunicatloD between the captain and his platoon leaders. The signal platoon or .quad indicates that the platoon CODlmander Is to cause the signal which follow8 to be executed by platoon or squad.

Flag 8i'''aI.....

415. The signal ftags described belo,," are earned by the com pany musicians in the field.

In a regiment In which it is Impracticable to make the permanent battalion divIsion alphabetically, the fiags of a battalion are as shown; Bags are assigned to the companIes alphabetically, within their respective battalions, in the order given below. First battalion:

Company A. Red field, white square. Company B. Red field, blue square. Company C. Red field, white diagonals. Comps.ny D. Red field, blue diagonals.

8econd battalion: Company E. White field, red square. Company F. White field, blue square. Company G. White field, red diagonals. Company H. White field, blue diagonals.

ThiTd . battalion: . OOmpany I. Blue field, ned square.. Company K. 'Blue field, whIte square.- .Oompany L. Blue fl-eld,. red diagonals. Company M. Blue J1ield, white diagonals. .

46 .In addition -to their use in' visual sIgnaling, these fl8gB serve to mark the assembly point of the comptlny when -lli. organized by combat, and tOllmark the location of the cOIllpgny .in bivouac and elsewhere, whell sueh -use is desirable.. 4'1. For communication between the firing line and the resen-e

or ,eammander in near, :the ~ subjoined signals (Signal Corps code) are prescribed. . :m tns11smiS8i6n,' their concealment from the: enemy's view shon.Id be' insured. In tll.e absence of. signal flags, the head dress.DE other substitute may be used.

Letter of If signaled from the rear to the If Bigna.led from the firing line to ~lphabet.. -fl~ing line. ", . the rear.. .

'.) a a a . ..... Ammunition going forward ..... '. Ammunition required. c. c c _..'. Charge (mandatory at aU times). Am about tocbarge if n.o in

structions to contrary. S 8 8 Support going forward. . .. . . . . ... Support needed. . f f f Move forward ~ ."'!.... . ... -Preparing to move forward. h hh Halt .

~ ~ ~.::::: ~;f::::ive::::::.::::::::::::::::: ~I~t:ave.

t

. 'i ':

SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER. .... ~.. ..

, 4~. The instructor explains briefly epch movement, first executIng .It himse.If _;if practicable.; He req~res the recruits to take tbe proper positions unassisted. and does not touch thelU for the purpose of correcting them, except,Wheu'tpey are unable to correct themselves. He avoids keeping them too long at the sa.me movement, although .each .sho:uld be understood before

p~ssing to another. He exacts by degre~ the p.esired precision and uniformity: -. -.

49. In order that all may advance as rapidly as their abilities permit, fhe recruits are g~ouI;ed accord,i.ng to proficiency as instruction progresses: Those who lack aptitude and quickness are separated from the _, Qthers .t\'" pl~ced under experienced.drill masters. . . ... .

!NSt1NlC'~r01t WrfHOOT ARIIB. 50. For prelimln~y instruction. a'numb.er of recruits, usually

not exceeding tl\re~. or four. are, fomned: as .a squad in single rank.

Position of the 8;oldi,,., or Attention. 3 1. Heels on the. same line and. as n~ar each other as the

conformation of the- nlan permits.' . . . Feet turned out eqnally and forming an angle of about 45. Knees straight withQut" stiffness. . Hips level and drawn back slightly; body erect and resting

equally on hips; chest lifted and arched: shoulders square and falling equally. . . Armfl and hands hanging naturally, thumb along the seam

of the trousers. . Head erect and squarely to the front; chin drawn in so that

thp. nxis of the hend and neck is vertical; eyes straight to the front. . .

.Weight of the body reRttng eqnally'upon the heels and balls 01 the feet.'

The REtBfs. 32. Being 'at a baIt. the commands are: FALL OUT; REST;",

AT EASE: and, 1. Parade, 2. Reat. 21

II SCHOOL 01' THE SOLDI:!B.

At the command fall out, the men may leave the ranks, but are required to remain in the immediate vicinity. They resume their former places, at attention, at the command fall in. At the command re.t each man keeps one foot in place, but is

not required t~ preserve slIence or Immobility. At the command at ea.e each man keeps one foot in plaCe

and Is required to prese~ve silence but not immobility. 33.. 1. Parade, 2. REST. Carry the right foot 6 inches straight

to the rear, left knee slightly bent; clasp the hands, without constraint, in tront of the center of the body, fingers joined, left hand uppermost, left thumb clasped by the thumb and forefinger of the right hand; preserve silence and steadinetm ot position. 64. To resume the attention: 1. Squad, 2. ATTEIITION. The men take the pOsition of the soldier.

,e. Right or Left. 33. 1. E,, 2" 'lflHT (LEFT), 3. FRO.T. At the command right, tum the head to the l"lght oblique,

eyes fixed on the Une ~f eyes of the men in, or 8Upposed to be in, the same rank. At the command frolft, tum the head and eyes to the front.

Fati",

36. To the llank: 1. Right (left), 2. FACE. Raise slightly the left heel and right toe; face to the right,

turning on the right heel, nsslsted by a slight pressure on the ball of the left foot; place the left foot by the side of the right. Left face is executed on the left heel in the corresponding manner. Right (left) half face Is executed similarly, facing 45. "To face in marching" and advance, tum on the ball of

either foot and step off with the other foot in the Dew llne of direction; to face in marching wIthout gaining ground in the new direction, tum on the ball ot either fQOt and mark time.. 37. To the rear: 1. About, 2. FACE. Carry the toe of the right foot about a half foot-length to the

rear and slightly to the left of the left heel without changing the position of the left foot; face to the rear, turning to the right on the left heel and right toe; place the right heel by the side of the left.

\

IOBtMUa o. ftlB 80'tD.... :'a/llfe witll t/l. N.,d. .

118. i." Ri,bt (left) '.nflr 2. SALUTE. Raise the right hand smartly till the tip of .forefinger touches

the lower part -of the headdress (if uncovered, the forehead) above the right eye, tbumb and fingers extended a.nd joined. palm to the left, forearm Inclined at about 45, hand and wrist straight. (TWO) Drop the arm smartly by the side.

01llcers Ilftlute with the left hand only when the right 18 engaged. EnItsted men Mlnte with the hand farthest from the o8icer. When aalutlng, oftlcers and men look toward the persoD saluted. For roles govemlng 88lutes, see "Honom"

srEPS AND'MARCH/lltIB.

89. All steps and marchings executed from a halt, exceptright step, begin with the left foot.. 80. The length of the full step in quick time Is 30 inches,

measured from heel to heel, and the cadence is at the rate of 120 steps per minute.

The length of the full step in double time is 36 Inches; the cadence Is at the rate of 180 steps per minute. The Instructor, when necessary, indicates the cudence of the

8tep by caIUng one, two, thre., four, or left, right, the Instant the left and right foot, respectively, should be planted. 61. All steps and marchlnga and moYements In\"olvtng march

nre executed In quick time unless tile squad be marching In double time, or double time be added to the command; In the latter case double time Is added to the preparatory comman~. Example: 1. Squad right, double time, 2. MARCH (School of the Squad). '

.Qtlick Ti

82. Being at a halt,. to march f0lW8rd In quick time: 1. Forward, 2. MARCH. At the command fOl'w.,.d, shift the w~lght of the body to the

right leg, left knee straight. At the command mtl,.t:", move the left foot smartly straight

forward 30 Inches from the rigbt, sole near the ground, and plant It without shock; next, In Uke manner, advance the right

foot and plant it as abdve;' continue 4e march. The arms swing naturally. 63. Being at a halt, or ln' IilfLrch' in qnfeIt' ttm~ .00' mareh in

doftble:tlme: 1. D.oubl. time, 2. MARCH.: .' If at a halt, at tbe first icommand shift the 'weight of th~

body to the right leg.. At-the' c()lnmand ",.rtJh,..raise the tOT&arms, 'fingers closed, to a boi-izonta1 positIon along' the' wtllst line; take up an easy run with the step and cadence of double tIme, illlowing B'-natural swinging motion to the arms~' If marching in qUick time, at the command ma~ch, glTen 8.9

either foot strikes th~ ground, take one step tn qUick time, and then step off in double time. 64. To resume the quick time: 1. QJlic-k ,time, 2: MARCH. At the commnnd march, given as either foot strikes the ground,

advance and plant t-be otber toot: In .double time; resume the quick time, dropping the hands by the sides.

To Mark Tilfle~" '1 6Q" Being in march: 1. Mark time, 2. /lARCH. . At the command march, gIven 'as either foo~ stri.kes "the ground.

advance and plant the o,ther foot; .bring,up the foot In rear and continue the cadence by alternately rai~ing' e~ch foot about 2 inc4~s and planting it on line with the oth~r. Being at a halt, at the command march, raise, and plant the

feet as described above. The Half Step.

86. 1. Half step, 2. MARCH. Take steps of 15 Inches in quick time, 18 inches in double t~~ . 67. Forward, half step, halt, and mark time may be executed

one from the other in quick or double time. To resume the full step from balf step or mark time: 1. For

ward, 2. MARCH., Side Step.

88. Being at a halt or mark time: 1. Right (Ielt) .ep, 2. MARCH. Carry and plant the right foot 1fi iIlelle8 to the right; bring

the lett foot beside It andconttnne .the movement In the cadence e'f quick time.

IOKOOL O'BIfHB 'SOI,mE&

The side step is used for short dtBtanees only and Is not executed in double time. If at order arms, the side 'step is executed at tl'QiI without

command: Ba"k' 8tefl.

69. Being at a halt or marli:" time: 1. Backward, 2. M~RCH. Take steps of 15 inches straight to the rear. . . The back st~p is used for short distances only and Is not.exe

cuted in double time. If at order arms, the back step is ~xecuted at trail without

conunanq. -Tr, !la/t.

'10. To arrest the march in quick or double time: 1. Squad,2. HALT. . _ At 'the command' h(Jlt~ given as either foot strik~s the ground,

plant the other foot as In marching; raise and plac.e the first foot by the' slde'of the other. If in double time, drop the hands by the sides.

To March by the Frank. 71. Being in march: 1. By the right (left) flank, 2. MARCH. At the command march, givep HS the right foot strikes the

ground, advance and. plant the left foot, then face to the right in marching and step off in the new direction with the right foot.

To March to tile Rear. '72. Being in march: 1. To ,the rear, 2. MARCH. At the ,command maroh, given as the right foot strikes tbe

ground, advance and plant the left foot; turn to the right about on the balls of both feet and immediately step off with the left foot. _ If marching in double tiule, turn to the right about, taking

four 8teps in place, keeping the cadence, and then step off with the left foot.

Chang" Step, '78. Being in m~rch: 1. Change step, 2. MARCH. At the command march, given as the right, foot strikes the

ground, advance and plant the left toot; plant the toe 01 tbe right foot near the heel of tbe left and'step oft with the lett foot. The change on the right foot is similarly executed, the com

mand march being given as the left foot strikes the ground.

18 SCHOOL OP ~B BOI.DIBB.

MANUAL 9F ARMS.

74. As soon as practicable the recruit Is taught the .use, nomenclature (PI. I), and care of his rUle; when fair progress has been made in the instruction without arms, he is taught the manual of arms; instruction without arms and that with arms alternate. 75. The followIng rules govern the carrying of the piece: FIrst. The piece is not carrIed with cartridges in either the

chamber or the magazine except when specifically ordered. When so loaded, or supposed to be loaded, it Is habitually carried locked; that is, with the eafet, lock turned to the "safe." At all other times it is carried unlocked, with the trigger pulled. . Second. Whenever troops are formed under arms, pieces are

immediately Inspected at the commands: 1: Ineptlction, 2. ARM8; 3. Drde,. (Right .houlder, port), 4. ARMS. A stmtlar Inspection is made immediately before dismissal. If cartridges are found In the chamber or magazine they are

removed and placed in' the belt. Third. The cut-off is kept turned "off" except when car

tridges are actually used. Fourth. The bayonet Is not flxed except in bnyonet exercise,

on guard, or for combat. Fifth. Fall in is executed with the piece at the order arms.

Fall out, rest, and at sa are executed 8S without arms. On resuming attention the position of order arms Is taken. Sixth. If at the order, unless otherwise prescribed, the piece

Is brought to the right shoulder at the command march, the three motions corresponding with the first three 8t~. Movements may be executed at the trail by prefnclng the preptll"l\.. tory command with the words at trail; as, 1. At trail, forwal'd, 2. MARCH: the tratl ts taken at the command march. When the facings, alignments, open and close ranu, taking

interval or distance, and 8ssemblings are executed from the order, raise the piece to the troll while In motion and resume the order on baIting. Seventh. The piece is brought to the order on halting. The

execution of the order begins when the halt Is completed. Eighth. A disengaged hand in double time Is held as when

without arms.

MAGAZI) FL()()R Pi.ATCATC/f 'n()()R P4 .... VARD. -FLOOR PiA Tr' SPRIN(

CUT-arr05AWIJL. CUT-OFF. JCCTORPIN. 1 ~ J

.st.D' LOCKSPHING. \ SLVlOCIC. h.CTOR. EX7N.' , / /

/.

~ .wETY LOCK T1HIMBPEe. 3NETYLOCKSPINa. fiRING PIN3LEE/I. .;

flRbVG P/I/ fIOD. SLEEVE;, /~4IN SPRING. FO/.LOWER., ~T) CQC/(/~PIC. " \ i r /

nlt-ll. (To face page 26.)

18 ~f at Pi]

f gl !:illg

~ ~~xlr is in Th ~U1 :be]

~e ~ge :lini' jiec~ ~ou ~nd A]

;ron ~I~ Fl

!he :he

.r. ~Uir The tit] F

for cut~ Illit lUal 1

tiO] the "U~ Ua]

~ of

re~ 1 ~

IDKOOL 01' THE SOLDIEB.

78. Tile folloWing rules govern the execution of the manual ot arm8: First. In all positions of the left hand at the balance (center

of gravIty, bayonet unfixed) the thumb clasps the piece; the sling is included in the grasp of the hand. Second. In all positions of the piece "diagonally acrOM the

body" the position of the piece, l~ft arm and hand are the same as in port arms. Third. In. resuming the order from any position in the

manual, the motion next to the last concludes with the butt ot the piece about 3 inches from the ground, barrel to the rear, the lett hand aboye and near the right, steadying the piece, fingers extended and joined, forea.rm and wrist straight and inclining downward, all fingers of the right hand grasping the piece. To complete the order, lower the piece gently to the ground with the right hand, drop the left quickly by the side, and take the position of order arms. Allowing the piece to drop through the right hand to the

ground, or othel slmllar abuse of the rifle to produce effect in executing the manual, is prohibited. Fourth. The cadence of the motions ie that of quick time;

the recruits are first required to give their whole attention to the details of the nlotions, the eadence being gradually acquired as they become accustomed to handling their pieces. The instruetor may require them to count aloud in cadence with the motions. Fifth. The Dlanualls taught at a halt and the movements are,

for the purpose of instruction, divided into motions and executed in detail; in this case the command of execution determines the prolllpt execution of the first l11otion, and the CODlmande, two, three, four, that of the other motions. To execute the movements in detail, the Instructol first cau

tions: By the number.; all movem~nt8 divided into motions are then executed as above explained. until he cautions: Without the numbers; or commands movements other than those in the mauual of arms. Sixth. Whenever circumstances require, the regular positions

of the manual of arms and the firings may be ordered without regard to the previous position of the piece. Under exceptional conditions of weather or fatigue the rlfie

may be carried in llny manner directed. .

SCHOOL 01' TlIJ: SOLDIEB. 'Z"l. Po.ltio" Df ordfH' arms .tanding: The bntt rests'~TenlY on

the ground, barrel to the rear, toe of the butt on a line with toe ot, and touching, the right shoe, arms and hands hanging naturally, right hand holding the piece between the thumb and fingers. '18. Being at order arms: 1. Present, 2. ARMB. With the right hand carry the piece in front of the center of

the body, barrel to the rear and vertical, grasp it with the lett hand at the balance, forearm horizontal and resting against the body. (TWO) Grasp the small of the stock with the rIght band.

'79. Being at order arms: 1. Pori, 2. ARM8. With the right hand raise and throw the piece diagonally

across the body, grasp It smartly with both hands; the right, palm down, at the small of the stoek; the left; palm up, at the balance; barrel up, sloping to the left and crossing opposite the junction of the neck with the left sboulder; right forearm horizontal; left forearm resting -against the body; the piece in a vertical ploDe parallel to the front. . 80. Being at present arms: 1. Port, 2. ARMS. Carry the piece diagonally across the body and take the posi..

tion of port arms. 81. Being at port arms: 1. PreNnt,2. ARMS. Carry the piece to a vertical position in front of the center of

the body Ilnd take the position of present arms. 82. Being at present or port arms: 1. Dl'de,., 2. ARMS. Let go with the right hand; lo,,"er and carry the piece to the

right with the left hand; regrasp it with the right band just aboYe the lower band; let go with the left hand, and take the next to the last position in coming to the order. (TWO) COmplete the order. 83. Being at order arms: 1. Right ."oulde,., 2. ARMS. With the right hand ratse and throw the piece diagonally

across the body; carry the right hand quickly to the butt, em- bracing it, the heel behveen the first two fingers. (TWO) With.. out changing the grasp of the right hand, place the piece on the right shoulder, barrel up and inclined at an nngle of about 45 from the horizontal, trl~ger guard In the bollow of the shoulder, right elbow near the side, the piece In a vertical plane perpen dlcular to the front; carry the left hand, thumb and fingers extended and joined, to the small of the stock, tip of the forE:'finger touching the cocking pleee, wrist 8traight and elbOw :Iown. (THREE) Drop the left hand by the side.

IOHOOL 01' THE SOLDm:a.

84:. Being at right shoulder arms: 1. Order, 2. ARMS'. Press. the butt down quickly and throw the piece diagonally

across the "body, the right hand retaining the grasp of the butt. (TWO), (THREE) Execute order arms as described from POl-t a~& . 86. Being at port arms: 1. Right shOt/Ide,., 2. ARMS. Cbange the right hand to the butt. (TWO), (THREE) As in

right shoulder arms from order arms. 86. Being at right Moulder arms: 1. Port, 2. ARMS. Press the butt down quickly and throw the piece diagonally

across the body, the right hand retaining its grasp of the butt. (TWO) Change the right hand to the small of the stock.

8'7. Being at right shoulder arms: 1. Present, 2. ARMS. Execute port arms.. (THREE) Execute present arms: 88. Being at present arms,: 1. Right shoulder, 2. ARMS. Execute port arms. (TWO), (THREE), (FOUR) Execnte right

shonlder arms as from port arms. 80. Being at -port arms: 1. Left shoulder, 2. ARMS. Carry the piece with the right hand and place it on the

left shoulder, balTel up, trigger guard in the hollow of the shoulder; at the same ttme grasp the butt with the left hand, heel between first and second fingers, thumb and fingers closed on the stock. (TWO) Drop the right band by the side.

Being at left shoulder arms: 1. Port, 2. ARMS. Grasp the piece with the rfght band at the small of the stock.

(T"O) Garry the piece to the right with the right hand, regraspit with the left, and take the position of port arms. .

Left shoulder arm. may be ordered directly from the order, right shoulder or present, or the reverse. At the command arms execute port arms and continue in cadence to the positionordered.

90. Being at order arms: 1. Parade, 2. REST. Carry the right foot 6 inches straight to the rear, left knee

slightly bent; carry the muzzle in front of the center of the body, barrel' to the left; grasp the piece with the left hand just below the stacking swivel, and with the right hand below and against the left.

Belftg at parade rest: 1. Squad, 2. AT7:EflTION. Resume the order, the left hand quitting the piece opposite

the right hlp. '

80 SCHOOL 01' THE SOLDIEB.

91. Being at order arms: 1. Trail, 2. ARB. Raise the piece, right arm slightly bent, and incllne the

muzzle forward 80 that the barrel makes an angle of about 800 with the ,"ertical.

When it can be done without danger or inconvenience to others, the piece may be grasped at the balance aud the mUBZle lowered until the piece is horizontal; a stn111ar position in the left band nIfty be used.

92. Being at traU arms: 1. Order, 2. ARMS. I~o~er the piece ,Ylth the rigbt haud and resume the order.

Rifle Salute.

93. Being at right shoulder arms: 1. Rifle, 2. 8ALUTE. Carry the lett haud smartly to the swall of the stOCk, forearm

horizontal, palm of hand down, thumb and forefingers extended nnd joined, forefinger touching end of cocking piece; look toward the person saluted. (TWO) Drop left hand by the side; tum head and eyes to the front.

"\\Tith the rUle on the left shoulder, the salute is rendered In n corresponding Iuauuer with the right hund.

94. Being at order or trail arms: 1. Rifle, 2. SALUTE. Carry the left hand smartly to the right side, palm of the

hand down, thumb and fingers extended and joined, foreflnger against piece near the Dlllzzle; look toward the person saluted. (TWO) Drop the lett hand by the side; turn the head and eyes to the front.

}'or rules gov~rning Halutes, see " Honors." T118 Bafonet.

95. Being at order arms: 1. Fix, 2. SA rOMET. It the bayonet scabbard is carried on the belt: Execute parade

rest; grasp the bayonet with the right band, back of hand to.. ,yard the body; draw the bayonet from the scabbard and l1x it on the barrel, glancing at the muzzle; resume the order.

If the bayonet is carried on the haYersack : Draw the bayonet ,,lth the left hand and fix it In the most convenient manner.

98. Being tit order arm.: 1. Unfix, 2. SA rONET. It the bayonet scabbard Is carried on the belt: Execute parade

rest; grasp the handle of the bayonet firmly with the right hand, pressing the spring with the forefinger ot the right hand; raise

81 SCHOOL 01' THE SOLDIBR.

the bayonet until the handle i8 about 12 inches above the muzzle of the piece; drop the point to the left, back of the hand toward the body, and, glancing at the scabbard, return the bayonet, the blade passing between the left arm and the body; regrasp the piece with the right hand and resume the order. If the bayonet scabbard is carried on the haversack: Take

the bayonet from the riOe with the left hand and return it to the scabbard in the most convenient manner. It marching or lying down, the bayonet is fixed and unfixed

in the most expeditious and convenient manner and the piecereturned to the original position. Fix and unfix bayonet are executed with promptness and

regularity but not in cadence. 97. CHARGE BAYONET. Whether executed at halt or 'in

motion, the bayonet is held toward the opponent as in the posItion of guard in the Manual for Bayonet Exercise. Exercises fOl instruction in bayonet combat are prescribed in

the Manual for Bayonet Exercise.

The Inspection.

98. Being at order arlDS: 1. Inspection, 2. ARMS. At the second command take the posItion of port arms.

(TWO) Seize the bolt handle with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, turn the handle up, draw the bolt back, and glance at the chamber. Having found the chamber empty, or havlng enlptied It, raise the head and eyes to the front. 99. Being at inspection arms: 1. Order (Right .houlder, port),

2. ARMS. At the preparatory command push the bolt forward, turn the

handle down, pull the trigger, and resume port arms. At the command arms, complete the movement ordered.

To Dismiss the Squad.

100. Being at halt: 1. Inspection, 2. ARMS, 3. Port, 4. ARMS, 5. DISMISSED.

SCHOOL OF THE SQUAD. 10 1. Soldiers are grouped- into squads for purposes of instruc

tion, discipline, control, and order. 102. The squad proper consists of a corporal and seven

pr.vates. The movenlents in the School of the Squad are designoo to

nlake the squad a fixed unit and to facilitate the control and movement of the company. If the number of luen grouped is more than 3 and less than 12, they are formed 3S n squad of 4 files, the excess above 8 being posted as file closers. It the number grouped is greater than 11, 2 or more squads are formed and the group is termed apIatoone

For. the 'instruction of recruits, these rules may be modified. 103. The corporgl is the squad leader, and when absent Is

replaced by a designated private. If no private is desIgnated, the senior in length of service acts as leader.

The corporal, when in ranks, is posted as the left man In the front rank of the squad.

Whe~ the cO,rporalleaves tbe ranks to lead his squad, his rear rank man steps tnto the front rank, and the file remains blank until the corporal returns to his place in ranks, when his rea.r rank man steps back into the rear rank.

104. III battle officers and sergeants endeavor t'O preserve the integrity of squads; they designate new leaders to replace those disabled, organize new squads when necessary, and see tha t every man is placed in a squud.

}fen are taught the necessity of remaining with the equad to which they belong and, in case- it be broken up or they become separated. therefrom, to attach themselves to the nearest- squad and platoon leaders, whether these be of their own or ot another organization.

105. The squad executes tbe halt, rest., facings, step. and marching., and the manual of arms as explained in the ScI,ool of the Soldier. .

To Form the Squad. 106. To form the squad the instructor places himself 3 paces

in front of where the center Is to be and commanda: FALL IN. 32

SCHOOL OF THE SQVAD. *t, The'men assemble at attentiQn, pieces at .the .order. and are

arranged by the corporal in double rank, as nearly as practicable In order of heigbt from right to left, each man dropping his left band as soon as the man on his left has his interval. The rear rank forms with distance of 40 incbe&. . The instructor ,then:eolllwands: COUNT OFF. At this comnland all .except the right fila execute e,N right,.

Hnd beginning on the right, the men in each rank count one, two, three, four; each mun t.urns ,hisbef;ld an.~.EV'es to the front as he counts. ; ~h~ces. a~ ~heq ,nsp~te4. . ...

Alignments.

. 107. To align the squad, tpe base 'file or files. baving been estl\blishal: 1. Right (Left), 2. 'ORE88, 3. FRONT . At the comnlund dress all men place the left hand upon the nip (whether dressing to ,the right or left); each ,man, excepf the base file, when 011 or near the new lirie ex.ecuteseyes right, and, tnking steps10f 2 or 8 inches,. places hi.IDself so that his right arm rests lightly against the arin of the man on h~s right, and 80 that his eyes and shoulders aI"e in line with those of ~he tuell on his right; the' rear rank men cover i.Q. file. . The instructo~" verifies the al\gnment of bQtb ranks f~om t~e r1gbt flank aDd orders up or back such men as may be In tear, or in advance, of the line; only the men designated move.,. . At the command front, given when the ranks are aligned, each

man turns his bead and ~y~s to the. front and drops bfs left l;land by bis side. ' ~ In the fh~st drills the b;lSis of tpe alignment is ~stablis~ed on,' o~" parallel to, ~he 11"oot of th~ aquu.~; ~fterwards, in obliquedIrections. lVhenever the position o~ the base file .or files. necessitates a

considerable moveulent by. tbe squad, such. movement ,vill be executed by marching to the front or oblIque, to the flank. or backward, as. the case may be, without .other cum~, and at'the trail. . o. lOS. To preserve the alignment when marching: CUIDE

RIGHT (LEFT). I I,. The men preserve their intervals from the side of the guide,

yIelding to pressure from that side and resisting pressure from 7201 0 -11--3

8& 80HOOL OJi 'lBB SQVAD. the' opposite direction; they r~er intervals, If lost, by gradually opening out or closing In ; they recover alignment by slightly lengthening or shortening the step; the rear-rank men cover their file leaders at 40 inches. In double rank, the front-rank man on the right, or designated

flank, conducts the march; when marching faced to the tlank, the leading man of the front rank 18 the guide.

To Take Intervals and Distances.

109. Being in line at a halt: 1. Take Interraf, 2. To th, r;g6t (left), 3. MARCH, 4. Squad, 5. HALT. At the second command the rear-rank men march backward

4 steps and halt; at the command march all face to the right and the leading man of each rank steps off; the other men step off in succession, each following the preceding man at 4 paces, rear-rank men marching abreast of their file leaders. At the command halt, given when all have their intervals, all

halt and face to the front. 110. Being at intervals, to assemble the squad: 1. A.semble,

to the right (left), 2. MARCH. The front-rank man on the right stands fast, the rear-rank

man on the right closes to 40 inches. The other men face to the right, close by the shortest Une, and face to the front. 111. Being in line at a halt and having counted off: 1. Take

di.tance, 2. ARCH, 3. 8quad, 4. HALT. At the command march No. 1 of the front rank moves straight

to the front; Nos. 2, 8, and 4 of the front rank and Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the rear rank, In the order named, move straIght to the front, each stepping otf so as to folloW' the preceding man at 4 paces. The command htJIt 18 given when all have their distances. In case more than one squad is in line, each squad executes

the movement as above. The guide of each rank of numbers is right. 112. Being at distances, to assemble the squad: 1. A.umb/e,

2. MARCH. No. 1 of the front rank stands fast; the other numbers move

forward to their proper places In Une.

81 SC][oor. 01' THE SQ1TAD. To Stack and Take Arms.

118. Being in line at a halt: 8TACK ARMS. Each even number of the front rank grasps his. piece with

the left hand at the upper band and rests the butt between his feet, barrel to tile front, muzzle inclined slightly to the front and opposite the center of the interval on his right, the thumb and forefinger raising the stacking swivel; each even number of the rear rank then passes his piece, barrel to the rear, to his file leader, who grasps it between the bands with his right band and throws the butt about 2 feet in advance of that of his own piece and opposite. the right of the interval, the right hand slipping to the upper band, the thumb and forefinger raising the stacking swivel, which he engages with that of his own piece; each odd number of the front rank raises his piece with the right hand, carries it well forward, barrel to the front; the left hand, guiding the stacking swivel, engages the lower book of the swivel of his own pIece with the free hook of that of the even number of the r~r rank; he then turns the barrel outward into the angle formed by the other two pieces and lowers the butt to the ground, to the right of and against the toe of his right shoe. The stacks Dlade, the loose pieces are laid on them by the

even numbers of the front rank. When each man has finished handling pieces, he takes the

position of the soldier. 114. Being in line behind the stacks: TAKE ARMS. The loose pieces are returned by the even nnmbers of the

front rank; each even number of the front rank grasps his own piece with the left hand, the piece of his rear-rank man with his right hand, grasping both between the bands; each odd number of the front rank grasps his piece in the same way with the right hand, disengages it by raising the butt from the ground and then, turning the piece to the right, detaches it from the stack; each even number of the front rank disengages and detaches his piece by turning it to the left, and then passes the piece of his rear-rank man to him', and all resume the order.

1115. Sbould any squad have Nos.. 2 and 3 blank files, No. 1 rear rank takes the place of No. 2 rear rank in making and breaking the stack; the stacks made or broken, he resumes his post. Pieces.not used in making the stack are termed loo.e pi.e Pieces are never stacked wIth the bayonet fixed.

88 SOHooL 01' THE SelVAD. The Oblique Ma,.~h.

116. For tbe instruction of recruits, the squad being in column or correctly aligned, the instructor eftuses the squad to face halt right or half left, points out to the men their relative positions, and explains that these are to be Dlsintnined tn the oblique lllarcb.

11'7. ]. Rigbt (Left) obliqutJ, 2. MARCH. Each Ulan steps off in a direction 45 to the right of hiB

original front. lIe preserves lIis relati\"e position, keeping hiB shoulders parallel to those of the guide (the man on the right front of the line or column), and so regulates hIs steps that the ranks remain parallel to their original front.

At the conlluand halt the Ulen halt faced to the front. To resunle the original direction: 1. Forward, 2. MARCH. The men halt face to the left In marching nnd then move

straiglIt to the front. If at half atep or ma,.k timtJ while obllquillg, the oblique march

is resumed by the cOlunlands: 1. Oblique, 2. MARCH. To Turn on Moving Pivot.

118. Being In line: 1. Right (Left) turn, 2. MARCH. The movement is executed by each rank successively and on

the same ground. At the second command, the pivot IllaD of the front rank fuces to the right as in marching nnd takes the half step; the other Dlen of the rank oblique to the right until opposite their plnces in line, then execute a second right obJique and take the half step on arriving nbreast of the piYot man. All glance toward the marching flank "Yhile at half step and take the full step ,vithout command as the last man arrives on the line. Right (Left) half turn is executed in a slmUar manner. The

pivot mun Dlukes a half change of dIrection to the right and the other wen make quarter changes in obliqulng.

To Turn on Fixed Pivot. 119. Reing in line, to tum and march: 1. 8quad right (left),

2. MARCH. At the second command, tbe right flank nInn In the front rank

faces to the right in Dlarching and marks time; the other front -,nk men oblique to the right, place themselves abreast of the

87 IOHOOL O)t T'JIE SQUAD. pivot, and !bark time. In the rear rank the third man from the right, followed In column by the second and first, moves straight to the front untn In rear of his frontrank man, when all face to the right in marching and mark time; the other number of the .rea~ rank moves straight to the front four paces and places himself abreast of the man on his right~ l\Ien on the new line glance toward the marehtng flank while marking time and, as the last man arrives on the line, both ranks execute forward, mtJ,.ch, without command. 120. Being In Une, to tum and halt: 1. Squad right (left), 2.

MARCH, B. Squad, 4. HALT. The third command Is given immediately nfter the second.

The turn Is executed 8S prescribed in the preceding paragraph except that all Dlen, on arriving on the new line, mark time until the fourth command is gh~en, when all halt. The fourth commapd should be glyen as the last man arrives on the line. 121. Being in Hne, to turn about and march: 1. Squad right

(left) about, 2. MARCH. . At the second command, the front rank twice executes squad

right, initiating the second squad right when the man on the marching flank has arrived abreast of the ranlt. In the rear ranlt the third mnn from the right, followed by the second and first in column, moves straight to the front until on the prolonga1:1on of the Une to be occupied by the rear rank; chnnges direction to the right; moyes in the new direction until in rear of his front-rank Dlan, when nil face to the right In marching, mark tIttle, nnd glance toward the marching flank. The fourth -man marches on the left of the third to bis new position; as he arrives on the line, both ranks execute forward, march, without command. . 122. Being in line, to turn about and halt: 1. ',uqd I'ight

(/eft) about, 2. MARCH, 3. Squad, 4. H~LT. The third command is given immedintely ufter the second.

The turn is executed as prescribed in the preceding paragraph except that all weD, on art'lving on the new line, mark time until the fourth command is given, when all halt. The fou~th command should be given as the last man arrives on the l~e.

To FlJllow the Co,.poral. 123. Being assembled or deployed, to march tile squad with

out unnecessary commands, tbe corporal places himself in front of it and commands: FOLLOW ME.

88 IC][OOL OF THE SQ.WAII. If in Une or skirmish line, No.2 of-the front rank follows in

the trace of the corporal at about 8 paces; the other men eonform to the movements of No.2, guiding on him and maintaining their relative positions. If in column, the head of the column follows the corporal.

To Dep/01 as Skirmisher 124. Being in any formation, assembled: 1. As .ltirmi.h.,..,

2. MARCH. The corporal places himself in front of the squad, If not

already there. Moving at a run, the men place themsel\YeB abreast of the corporal at halfpace intervals, Nos. 1 and 2 on his right, Nos. 3 and 4 on his left, rear-rank men on the right of their file leaders, extra men on the left of No.4; all then conform to the corporal's gait. When the squad is actIng alone, skirmish line is similarly

formed on No. 2 of the front rank, who stands fast or continues the march, as the case may be; the corporal places him.. self in front of the squad when advancing and in rear when halted. When deployed as skirmishers, the men march at ease, pieces

at the trail unless otherwise ordered. The corporal is the guide when in the line; otherwise No. 2

front rank is the guide. - . 125. The normal interval between skirmishers Is one-halt

pace, reSUlting practically in one man per yard of front. The front of a squad thus deployed as skirmishers Is about 10 paces..

To IncreG.e or Diminish Intervals. 128. It assembled, and it fs desired to deploy at greater than

the normal interval; or It deployed, and it Is desired to increase or decrease the interval: 1. As skirmishers, (so many) paces, 2. MARCH. Intervals are taken at the indicated Dumber of paces. If

already deployed, the men move by the fiank toward or away from the guide.

The A.sembly. 127. Being deployed: 1. Aemb/e. 2. MARCH. Tbe men move toward the corporal and form in their properlaces.

80J1eoL II' TJIE 8Q1J'AD. 8e If the corporal continues to advance, the men move in double

time, form, and follow him. The a&sembly while marching to the rear is not executed.

Kneeling lind L,ing Down. . 128. It standing: KNEEL. Half face to the right; carry the right toe abolit 1 foot to the

left rear of the left heel; kneel on rIght knee, sitting as nearly as possible on the rlght heel; left forearm across left thigh; piece remains in position of order arms, right hand grasping it above the lower band. .

129. If standing or kneeling: LIE DOWN. Kneel, but with right knee against left heel; carry back the

left foot and lie :flat on the belly, inclining body about 350 to the right; piece horizontal, barrel up, muzzle ot! the ground and pointed to the front; elboWB on the ground; lett hand at the balance, right hand grasping the small of the stock opposite the neck. This 18 the position ot order armst lying down.

180. If kneeling or lying down:. If/BE. . If kneeling, stand up, faced to the front, on the ground marked

by the left heel. . If lying down, raJse body on both knees; stand up, faced to

the front, on the ground marked by the knees.. 181. It lyIng down: KI/EEL. Baise the body on both knees; take the position of kneel. 18'1. In double rank, the positions of kneeling and lying

down are ordinarily used only for the better utilization of cover. When deployed as skirmishers, a sitting positloQ may be taken

In lien of the position kneel1ng. ~ LOAD/NBS AND F/R/NBS. ~. :lSSe The commands tor loadlng and firing are the same whether standing, kneeling, or lying down. The tlrings are always executed at a halt.

When kneeling or lying down in double rank, the rear rank does not load, aim, or fire.

The lnstrtIctfon in firing will be preceded by a command for loading.

Loadings are executed In line and skirmish line only. 194. Pieces haVing been ordered loaded are kept loaded

without eommand until the command unload, or in.flection al'ma, fresh cUps being inserted when the magazine Is exhausted. .

I

8QJloeL 01'. DIE "VAD. 'lSo~'Tbe -aiming point or target i8 'earefiJUy pointed out.

This may be done before or after annonncing the sight setting. Both- are Indicated before giving the c0lIDD8.Dd f. filing, but may be omitted when the target appears suddenly and is unmistakable; in such case 'battle sight is 'used if no sight setting is anno~nced. " 186. The taJ'get O~ aiming point having been designated and

the sight setting announced, such designation or announcement need not be repeated untll a change of either' Ol\ both Is necessary. _ Troops are trained to continue their fire upon the aiming point

or target designated, and at the sight setting announced, until a change Is ordered. 137.. If the men are not already In the position of load, that

position is taken at the annouBeement of the sight setting; if the announ~Jnentis omitted., the position Is taken at the first -command for firing., .

138. When- deployed, the use ot the sling as an aid to aoo\lrate tiring is discretloDal'Y wltheaeh man. '

To :Load. 189. Being in -libe or skirmish Une at halt: 1. WHh dummy

(blank or ball) cartridge., 2. LOAD. At the command load each front-rank man or sktnnlsher faces

half right and ~arries the' right foot to the right, about l' foot, to such position as ,viII Insure the greatest finunes8 and 8teadiness of the body; raises, or lowers, the piece and drops it into the left hand at the balance, left thumb extended along the stock, muzzle at the height of the breast, and turns the cut-6ft: up. With the right hund he turns and draws the bolt back, takes a loaded clip and inserts the end In the cUp slots, places the thumb on the-powder space of the top cartridge, the fingers extending around the piece and tips resting on the magazinefloor plate; forces the cartridges into the magazine by pressing down with the thumb; without removing the cUp, thrusts the bolt home, turning down the handle; turns the safety lock to the "safe". and carries the band to the small of the stock. Each rear rank man moves to the right front, takes a similar position opposite the interval to the right ot h~ front rank mun, bluzzle ot the piece extending beyond the f~ont rank, and loads. ; A skIrmish line may load while moving, the pieces being held IlS nearly as_practicable in the PQHition of load.

I

41 ImlOOL O~ TllE 8C&VAD.

If kneeling-or sitting, the'positioo ot the piece 18 simtlar; jf kneeling, the left forearm rests on the left thigh; if sitting the elbows are supported by the knees. If lying down., the left band steadies and supports the piece at the balance, the toe of the butt resting on the ground. the muzzle off the ground.For refere1lce, these positions (standing, kneeling, and lying

down) are designated as that of load. 140. For Instruction in loading: 1. Simulate, 2. LOAD. Executed as above qescribed exeept that the cut..otf remains '~off" and the handling of cartridges is simnlated. The recruits are first taught to simu/Gte loading and firIng;

after a few lessons dummy cartridges may be used. Later, blank cartridges may be used. 141. The rUle may be used as a single loader by turning the

magazine "off." The magazine may be filled in whole or in part whtle 'i off" or "on" by pressing cartridges singly down and back untll they are in the proper place. The use of the rIfle us a single loader Is, however, to be rega.rded. as exceptional. .

To Unload. 142. UNLOAD. Take the position of load t turn the "safety lock up and move

'bolt alternately back and forward until all the cartridges are 'ejected. Atter the last cartrltlge i8 ejected the chamber is clo&ed by first thrusting the bolt slightly forward to free it from the stud holding it in place when the chamber is open, pressing the follower down and back to engage it under the bolt and then thrusting the bolt home; the trigger is pulled. The cartridges are then picked up, cleaned, and returned to, the belt and the piece is brought to the ol~der.

To 8st the Bight:) 14:3. RANGE, ELEVEN HUNDBED (EI68T-FIFTY, etc.), or BAT

TLE 8IGHT. . The sight is set at the elevation indicated. The instructor

explains and verifies sight settings. To Fire by Yolley.

144. 1. 'READY, 2. A/M,3. Squad, 4. 'IRE. At the command read, turn the safety lock to the " ready; "

at the command aim raise the piece wIth both hands and BUp"

.BOJIOOLOJI THE- BQUAD. port the bntt firmly against the hollow of the right shoulder, right thnmb clasping the stock, barrel horizontal, left elbow well under the piece, right elbow as high 8S the shoulder; IncUne the head slightly forward and a little to the right, cheek against the stock, left eye closed, right eye looking through the notch of the -rear sight 80 as to perceive the object aimed. at, second joint of forefinger resting lightly against the front of the trigger and taking up the slack; top of front sight is carefUlly raised Into, and held in, the line of sight. Each rear-rank man aima through the Interval to the right

of his file leader and leans sUghtly forward to advance the muzzle of his piece beyond the front rank. In aiming kneeling, the left elbow rests on the left knee,

point ot elbow In front of kneecap. In aiming sitting, the elbOWS are supported by the knees. In aiming lying down, raise the piece with both hands; rest

on both elbows and press the butt firmly against the right shoulder. At the command fire press the finger against the trigger; fire

without deranging the aim and without lowering or turning the piece; reload. 143. To continue the firing: 1. AIM, 2. Squad, 3. FIRE. Each command is executed as previously explained. L'Oad

(from magazine) is executed. by drawing back and thrusting home the bolt with the right hand, leaving the safety lock at the "ready."

To Fire at Will. 146. FIRE AT WILL. Each man, independently of the others, comes to the read"

alms carefully and deliberately at the aiming point or target, firea, loads, and continues the firing until ordered to suspend or cea.e firing. 14'1. To Increase (decrease) the rate of tire In progress the

instructor shouts: FASTER (SLOWER). Men are trained. to fire at the rate of about three shots per

minute at etfective ranges and five or six at close ranges, devoting the minimum of time to loading and the maximum to deliberate aiming. To illustrate the necessity for deliberation, and to habituate men to combat conditions, small and comparaUvely iDdlstlnct targets are designated.

SCHOOL OP THE SQVAD. T. Fire 6, Clip..

148. CLIP FIRE. Executed in the same manner as fil's at will. except that each

man, after having exhausted the cartridges then in the piece, au.pend. "ing.

To Suspend Firing. 149. The instructor blows a long blast of the whistle and

repeats same, if necessary, or commands: SUSPEND FIRING. Firing stops; pieces are held, loaded and locked, in a posi

tion of readiness for instant resumption of firing, rear sights unchanged. The men continue to observe the target or aiming point, or the place at which the target disappeared, or at which It Is expected to reappear. This whistle signal may be used as a preliminary to cease

firing. To Cease Firing.

150. CEASE FIRINfJ. FIring stops; pieces D9t already there are brought to the

posItion of load; those not loaded, are loaded; sights are laid, pieces are locked and brought to the order.

Cease firing is used for long pauses, to prepare for changes of wsitlon, or to steady the men. 131. Commands for suspending or ceasing fire may be given

at any time after the preparatory command for firing whether the firing has actually commenced or not.

THE USE OF COVER. 162. The recruit -should be given careful lnstructlo:p in Ule

Individual use of cover. It should be impressed upon him that, in taking advantage of

natural cover, he must be able to fire easily and effectively upon tbe enemy; if advancing on an enemy, he must do so steadily and as rapidly as possible; he must conceal himself as much as pos8f.ble while firing and whlle advancing. 138. To teach him to fire easily and effectively,. at the~ same

time concealing himself from the view of the enemy, he Is practiced in simulated firing in the prone, sitting, kneeling, and crouchIng positions, from behind hillocks, t1:OO8, heaps of earth or rocks, from depressions, guIl1ea, ditches, doorways, or windows. He Is taught to fire around the right side of his concealment whenever possible, or, when thIs Is not possible, to rise eDPuBh to fire over the top ot his concealment.

8OJlOOL AlP TEE .SQl1A~.

When these details are nnderstood, ~ he is required to select cover with reference to an assumed enemy and to place himself behind it in proper position for firing. . ' 164" The evil of remaining too long in one place, however good the concealment, should be explained. He sbould be taugbt to advance from cover to CbVer,. selecting cover in advance before leaving his concealment. . It should be impressed upon him, that a man running rapidly

toward an enemy furnishes a poor target. He should b.e trained in springing from a prone position behind concealment, running a t top speed to cover and thro\ving himself behind it. He should also be practiced in advancing from coyer to cover by crawling, or by lying on the"left side, rifle grasped in the right hand, ..and pushing himself forward with the right leg. 153. He should be taught that, when fired on while acting

independently, he should drop to the ground, seek cover, and then endeavor to locate his enemy. . 156. The instruction of the recruit in the use or cOver is con

tinued in the combat exercises of the cODlpany, but he mu&t then be taught that the proper advance of the platoon or company and the effectiveness of its fire is of greater importance than the qoestion of cover for individuals. He shOUld, also be taught that he may not move about or shift his position in .the firing line except the better to see the target.

OBSERVATION.

13.'7. The ability to use bis eyes accurately is of great hppor tance to the soldier. The recruit should be trained in observing his surrounding fronl positions and when on the march. He should be practiced in pointing out and nanling mtlitnry

features of the ground; in distinguishing bet,veen living beings; in countng distant groups of objects or beings;: in recognizing colors and forms. .~ . I 158. In the training of men in the mechanism of the firing

line, they should be practiced in repeatlng 'to one another target and aIming point deslgnatlon~randin quickly locating and pointIng out a deSignated target. They shonld be taught to distInguish, from a prone posit}on, distant, objects, particularly troops, both with the naked eye and With fteldglasses. 8imlIarly, they sbould be trained 1tl estlmatlng distances.

SCHOOl~ OF THE COMPANY. 1119. The captain is responsible for the theoretical and prac

tical instruction of ,his officers and noncoIDluissioned ofticers, not only in the duties of their respective grades, but in those of the next bigher graoes. 160. The company in line is formed in double rank with the

meu arranged, as far as practicable, according: to height fl'ODl rlgbt to left, the tallest on the right. , .. The original division into squads is effected by the command:

COUNT OFF. Th~ squads, successiYely from the right, count off as" in the School of the Squad~ corporals placing themselves as Nos. 4 of the front rank. If the left squad contains le8s than six men, it is elthe~ increased to that number bi' transfers. from other squads or is broken up and its members assigned to other squads and posted in the line of file closers. These squfld organizations are maintained, by transfers if necessary, until the company becolnes so reduced in numbers as to necessitate a new division into squads. No squad will contain less than six men. 161. The company is further divided into two, thlee, or four

platoons, each consisting of not less than two nor wore than four squads. In garrison or ceremonies the stre'ngth of platoons may exceed four squnds. 162. At the formation of the company the platoons or squads

are numbered consecutively from right to left and these designations do not change.

~"or con,"enlence in giving commands and for reference, th(' designations, right, center, left, when in line, and leading, center, rear, \vhen in column, are applied to platooDs or squads. These designatioDs apply to the actual right, left, center, head, or rear, In whate,"er direction the COlnpany may be facing. The center squad Is the mIddle or right middle squad of the company. The designation "So-and-so's" squad or platoon may also

be used. 163. Platoons are assigned to the lieutenants and noncom

Inissione4 officers, in order of rankJ as follows: 1, righ~; 2, lett; 3, center (right center) ; 4, left center.

45

48 SOHOOL 01' THE COJIPABY.

LINE (14Sqds.-4P1aTs) 1 4-PlAT. 3-PLAT. J z-RAI I~PlAT.

6i21 I I Id I 0 I I lSi:iTiZi??, 121 I ?GiSTetJvcrxvcu--I2i"7iY1 I I ld Ii I PI I I .... 1 ill 1 , i I I 1 Iii I I I i I t I I i I Iii I I I I~I , I I I I I I i I I I , I I i I I I I "I I I I I I

.. a a B1. ~ aD. COLUM"']orSQO COLUMN .t OOSqds.

(12~.- OFPt:.ATOONS 3 2Plats)i.PtutS)t ~ .

c:r:o ~ I2O:CliJ ~ tI:I:::I:m

I2C:I:J co:::o g:::z:o c::r:x::n

I2D:I:J~=

o:::t:::I:B

I rzo:o I CI:I:CJ

~ z:I:OI J. a::I:I::I8I

I2O:D co::c:a rzcI:J:J cc::I:J lZCI:CJ

i= c:I:I:::dII aD

.: W

'-PlAT.ad I I pi i I 0 I i 0 i i 'd I I iN

I I II" IIIII1 i II' 1111' i

e ElJmlll

l"OPLAT. M2jiiid"0'ipilipil'

iii '" I"" Iii ii'" i' E3 E3

UNEOF f?LATCONS ~r--r 3

*'2-PLATz::r:c .D:D:J rzc:I:E3 tD:D

~ c::o:D

[1][1]'"

Plate II..

THE COMPANY

CAPTAIN JS'L.IUT 2"'UuT. III ISTSERGT. III LEADER.YDflU'T. GUIOE

sa~L.AIXR 121

MUSICIAN CII OTH.RS IN UNE

~ FILE-CLOSERS EI

PRivATE. C ...... UIV'i~S AR: ers-T ......e. IN

(IISqds.-4Plats) .

SKIRMISH LaNE -HALTEO.(16Sqds. -4AotS.) .-PLAT. .)MPLAT 2-A.AT I"PLAT

::....1 ...._....r~ ........ ....

10

~m

III SCHOOl. 01' 'tHE CO.PAIn'.

The noncommissioned officers next in rank are assigned as guides, one to each platoon. If sergeants still remain, they are assigned to platoons as additional guides. When the platoon is deployed, its guide, or guides, aocompany the platoon leader. During battle, these assignments are Dot changed; vacancies

are filled by noncommissioned officers of the platoon, or by the nearest available officers or noncommissioned officers arriving with reenforcing troops. 164. The first sergeant Is never assigned as a guide. When

not commanding a platoon, he is posted as a file closer opposite the third file from the outer flank of the first platoon; and when the company Is deployed he accompanies the captain. The quartermaster sergeant, when present, is assigned accord

ing to his rank as a sergeant. . Enlisted nlen below the grade of sergeant, armed with the

rifle, are in ranks unless serving as guides; when Dot so armed, they are posted in the line of file closers. l\fusicians, when required to play, are at the head of the

column. When the company is deployed, they accompany the captain. . 165. The company executes the halt, rests, facings, steps and

marchings, manual of arms, loadings and firiQ9s, takes intervals . and distances and assembles, increases and diminishes interYals~ resumes attention, obliques, resumes the direct march, preserves alignnlents, kneels, lies down, rises, stacks and takes arms, as explained in the Schools of the Soldier and the Squad, substituting in the commands company for squad. ;, The same rule applies to platoons, detachments, details, etc.,

substituting their designation for squad in the commands. In the same manner these execute the movements prescribed for the company, whenever possible, substituting their designation for company in the commands. . . 188. A company so devIeted as to make diylslon into platoons

Impracticable Is ~by the captain as a single platoon, but retains the designation of company_ The lieutenants and first sergeant assIst In fire control; the other ,sergeants place themselves In the firing line as sklrnlishers:

t8 SCHOOL 01' ifHE OOIl1'AJIY.

QLOSE ORDER. RuLes.

18 '1. The guides of the right and left~ or leading and rear, platoons, are the right and left, or leading nnd rear, guides, respectively, of the eonlpany ,vhen it is in line or in column.

.. of squads. Othel: guides are in the line of file closers. In platoon movements the post of the platoon guide is at the

head of the platoon, if the platoon is in c,,)lumn, and on the gUiding flunk it in line. ''''hen' a platoon bas two guides their original assignment to flanks of the platoon does not change.

168. The guides of a COIUDlll of squads plnce themselves Oll th~ flank opposite the file clos~rs. To chnnge the guides and file

SCHOOL OF TJIE COKPABY.

The right guide of the company places himself, facing to the front, where the right of the company is to rest, and at such point that the center of the company will be 6 paces froID and opposite the first sergeant; the squads form in their proper places on the left of