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Bijapur


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Bijapur

In the mid-19th Centur y, Bijapur was already called the

"Palmyra of the Dekhan."

Foundation were laid during the Chalukyans in

10th-11th centuries called Vijayapura, the

City of Victory

Towards end of 13th century came under the influence of

Allaudin Khilji, Sultan of Delhi

Ruled in 1347 by Bahamani Kings of Bidar which

declined and led to the establishment of theAdil Shahi

Dynasty in 1490

The city then flourished for two centuries until the Moghul

Aurangzeb conquered it in 1686. Bijapur slipped

gradually into near-oblivion.


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Bijapur, 1550 1660 AD

Great burst of architectural activity under

the Adil Shahi dynasty

Over 50 mosques, more than 20

tombs and a number of palaces

Employment of large numbers of

Indian artisans


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Six Gates in the 10km

circumference of the city walls

connected to the heart of the city

by radial roads

No definite alignment of pattern in

the arteries of thoroughfare

Extensive fortification

creating a ring wall of 10km in

circuit

Moats, Crenallations upto 12m thk

and 10 m high built of compacted

earth with stone revetment

strengthened by over 100

irregularly spaced bastions

Five main gates, clad in iron

and defended by twin bastions


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Extensive waterworks network of underground

catchment tunnels and earthern pipes led to feed the Taj

bauri, Chand Bauri and Kumatagi, which became

grand water pavilions and palaces of royal retreat


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The early mosques of the Adil Shahis are usually

three-bays with the simple, broad, low-

sprung arches

The culmination of these mosques is the great Jami-

Masjid of Bijapur. It has an open prayer hall

surrounded on three sides by arcades, which define

the open court in front of the mihrab.The

great dome on top of the qibla is supported by great

interlocking arches rising from the

square base below.

The chajja on top of the outer arches of the court is

supported by numerous brackets, and thecentral arch in axis with the mihrab stands out by the

addition of cusps to its inner curve. The later

mosques of the dynasty, like the Anda Masjid of

1608 and the Mihtari Masjid of 1620 show an

increasing elaboration of forms.


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Of the rauzas (combination of mosque and tomb) the best

example is perhaps that of Ibrahim II.

The mosque and tomb are directly facing one another, with the middle

space occupied by an ornamental pool, on a rectangular terrace set

out along the charbagh concept.


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Gol Gombuz has the second

largest dome after St Peters

Basilica, in ROME.

It was initially built for palace and

later a dancing hall, which explains

the purpose of whispering

gallery. Ultimately it was

converted into a Tomb probably

inspired by the TAJMAHAL.

The tomb of Adil shah rests in this

place who reigned between 1626-

1657. The edifice in front of GolGobuz housed the artillery now it

houses a museum. The faade of

Gol Gombuz, however seems to

be incomplete


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Gol Gumbaj is one of the biggest singlechamber structures in the world. It was build

over a floor area of 1700 sq m with aheight of 51 m and diameter of 37m. the walls of the tomb are 3m thick.

The work of the mausoleum was neverproperly accomplished as was thought sinceconstruction began towards the end ofMuhammad Adil Shah's reign. As a result, the

tomb is a plain square block withtowerson each corner. The tomb is built ofdark gray basalt and decoratedplasterwork.

The mausoleum is topped by a monumentaldome. The base of the dome is carved with

elegant petals that cover the drum.

The total height of the dome from groundlevel up to the top from outside is 60 m. The

dome rests on the system ofpendantive, which is a system ofintersecting arches.


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