1889.] JOURNAL. good · Oct. 19, 1889.] THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. 893 Students should StudyPhysiology." Dr. Fosterwas in his hap- piest vein, andgavethe students agooddeal of soundadvice

Oct. 19, 1889.] THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. 893

Students should Study Physiology." Dr. Foster was in his hap-piest vein, and gave the students a good deal of sound advice andpractical common-sense in a form in which it was most accept-able; he said that the students whom he was addressing had, nodoubt, chosen the medical profession because they thought itsuited them, or because they thought they were suited to the pro-fession. He took it that their object was to gain a livelihood, andthat they understood that the amount of their income would de-pend upon their ability to relieve the sick. That, of course, wasentirely a practical matter, and it might be asked what they hadto do with an abstract science such as physiology. There was oneanswer which he felt sure they would be ready to give, and thatwas that they studied physiology because it was one of the sub-jects in the examination. But he might point out that the powerof relieving the sick depended to a very large extent upon a know-ledge of the nature of disease, and it was obvious that nobodywas fit to be let loose upon the community to attempt to cure theirills who had not learnt certain fundamental facts concerning thenature of disease. Such fundamental facts could only be under-stood by those who had acquired some information concerning thestructure and working of the human body, because disease wasmerely a term for particular changes which took place within thebody. That information could only be obtained by a study of physi-ology. Glancing for amoment at a side issue, he said that it was farmoreimportant that amedical man should be a gentleman than thathe should be a scholar in the ordinary acceptation of the term. Thepower of relieving the sick depended not only upon a knowledgeof anatomy, physiology, medicine, or surgery, but also upon theway they went into and how they left the sick-room. Those werematters which could not well be taught. Even Professor Turvey-drop, who held a chair at the College of Deportment, could notteach all he knew, could not convey his inimitable style. In thesespecial matters the students must depend upon themselves. Theymight not want a very extensive knowledge of physiology in orderto understand the principles of medicine and the nature of disease,but what they did know they ought to know thoroughly. Butthose who had at heart their noble profession would not rest satis-fied with such a mere knowledge of physiology as would satisfytheir examiners, but would aim at something more. The real useof physiology was to help in the investigation of the nature ofdisease, and one of the greatest advantages which its study con-ferred upon medical students was to enable them to select in afterlife, with tolerable readiness, those theories which were valuableand those which were worthless.In responding to the vote of thanks which was cordially passed

at the conclusion of the address, Dr. Foster alluded to the factthat he was the middle term of three generations of MichaelFosters educated at University College.The address was followed by an interesting histological and

pharmacological demonstration, held in the mathematical theatre.The secretaries and other officers of the Society are to be congra-tulated on a very interesting evening, which we hope augurs wellfor the remainder of the session.

ASSOCIATION INTELLIGENCE,BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.

SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR 1889.SuBsCnIPTioNs to the Association for 1889 became due on January

1st. Members of Branches are requeeted to pay the same to theirrespective Secretaries. Members of the Association not belong-ing to Branches are requested to forward their remittances tothe General Secretary, 429, Strand, London. Post-office ordersshould be made payable at the West Central District Office,High Holborn.

BRANCH MEETINGS TO BE HELD.OXFORD AND DISTRICT BRANCH.-The next meeting of this Branch will be

held at the Radcliffe Infirmary, at 3 P.m. on Friday, October 25th. Notice ofpapers to be read. etc., should be sent to the Honorary Secretary on or beforeFriday, October 11th-W. LEWIS MORGAN, HonorarySecretary, 42, Broad Street,Oxford.

THAMES VALLEY BRANCH.-The next meeting will be held on Wednesday,November 6th. The Honorary Secretary will be glad to hear from memberswho are willing to read papers.-CHARLES C. SCOTT, M.B., Honorary Secretaryand Treasurer, St. Margaret's, Twickenham.

NORTH OF ENGLAND BRANcH.-The autumnal meeting will be held at theRoyal Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, on Wednesday, October 23rd, at 3 P.M.Agenda: Dr. Coley will exhibit some cases of interest. Dr. Murphy will reada paper on the Operati; e Treatment of Hsemorrhoids. Dr. Coley: On Effusioninto the Cavity of the Pleura. Mr. Williamson: On a Case of Cerebral Abscess,Localised and Opened. Dr. Philipson will introduce the question of the Forma-tion of a Division of the Medical Defence Union for Northumberland and Dur-ham. Members wishing to read papers, etc., are requested to communicatewith the Honorary Secretary at once. The dinner after the meeting will takeplace at the Douglas Hotel, at 5 P.M., 6s. 6d. each, exclusive of wine.-G. E.WILLIAMSON, F.R.C.S., Honorary Secretary, 22, Eldon Square, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

NORTH OF IRELAND BRANCH.-A general meeting of the North of IrelandBranch will be held in the Royal Hospital, Belfast, on Thursday, October 31st,at 4 P.Ar. Gentlemen wishing to bring any communication before the meetingwill kindly communicate with the Secretary, JOHN W. BYERS, M.D., LowerCrescent, Belfast.

METROPOLITAN COUNTIES BRANCH: EAST LONDON AND SOUTH ESSEx DIs-TRICT.-The inaugural meeting of the session will be held on Thursday, October24th, at the Hackney Town Hall, at 8.30 P.M. The chair will be taken by Dr.W. M. Ord, President of the Branch. A paper on Certain Forms of HepaticCirrhosis will be read by Sir Dyce Duckworth, M.D. Visitors will be welcome.-J. W. HUNT, Honorary Secretary, 101, Queen's Road. Dalston.

METROPOLITAN COUNTIES BRANCH: NORTH LONDON DISTRICT.-The inauguralmeeting of this session will be held on Thursday, October 31st, at theAthenaum, Camden Road, N., at 8 P.M.; Dr. Bridgwater, J.P., Vice-Presidentof the District, in the chair. Dr. Hugh Woods will read a paper on Dr.Rentoul's scheme for forming a Public Medical Service, on which a general dis-cussion will ensue. All registered medical men are invited to attend. The Com-mittee will meet at 7.30 P.M.-GEORGE HENTY, M.D., Honorary Secretary, 302,Camden Road, N.

DORSET AND WEST HANTS BRANCH.-The next meeting will be held at Wey-mouth, on Wednesday, October 23rd. The business meeting will be held at theRoyal Hotel at 2 o'clock. Agenda:-Dr. Simpson will move an amendment toBy-law 5. Mr. Decimus Curme will move to substitute a new by-law. Mr.Parkinson will move "A vote of sympathy with Dr. Eadie, of West Coker,Somerset, and congratulations on his vindicating his character from unfoundedcharges." Dr. Lush will move " That a donation of two guineas be granted tothe British Medical Benevolent Fund." Election of Officers for 1889. Discus-sion: Some Medical and Surgical Emergeneies. Communications:-Dr. Lawrie:Remarks on some of the symptoms of Locomotor Ataxy from cases. Dr.MacDonald: Notes on a case of Tumour of the Cerebellum, with an absence ofall symptoms. Specimen to be shown. Dr. Childs: Astigmatism as a commoncause of Headache. Dr. McLean: A few remarks on 150 cases of Enteric Feveroccurring in four months. Dr. Moorhead: Case of Malformation of Genito-Urinary Organs. Patient to be shown. Mr. Decimus Curme: Case of completeCalcification of the Aortic Valves, with Hypertrophy of Heart. Specimen to beshown. Dr. Lawrie: To show a set of Apostoli's Instruments for the ElectricalTreatment of Uterine Tumours. Dinner at 5 P.M.; charge 6s. each, withoutwine.-WILLIAM VAWDREY LUSH, M.D., Weymouth, C. H. WATTS PARKINSON,Wimborne, Honorary Secretaries.

LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE BRANCH.-The autumn meeting will be held inthe Town Hall, Blackburn, on November 6th. Gentlemen wishing to readpapers or show specimens are requested to communicate at once with theHonorary Secretary, so that the titles of their communications may appear onthe circulars convening the meeting.-CHARLES EDWARD GLASCOTT, M.D.,Honorary Secretary, 23, St. John Street, Manchester.

SOUTH-EASTERN BRANCH: WEST SURREY DISTRICT.-The next meeting ofthis District will be held on Thursday, October 31st, at 4 P.M., at the King'sHead, Epsom, Dr. W. C. Daniel in the chair. Gentlemen wishing to bring for-ward communications, etc., should communicate with the Honorary Secretary,J. P. A. GABB, M.D.

SOUTHERN BRANCH: ISLE OF WIGHT DISTRICT.-The quarterly meeting ofthis Branch will be held at Sandown Hotel, Sandown, on Thursday, October24th, at 3 45 P.M.; the President, J. M. Pletts, M.D., in the chair. Dinner at6 o'clock; cliarge 6s., exclusive of wine. Gentlemen who are desirous of intro-ducingpatients, exhibiting pathological specimens, or making communicationsare requested to signify their intention at onceto ROBERT ROBERTSON, HonorarySecretary.

WEST SOMERSET BRANCH.-The autumnal meeting of this Branch will beheld at the Railway Hotel, Taunton, on Thursday, November 7th, at 5 o'clock.Dinner at half-past five. The subject for discussion after dinner will be Pro-posed Legislation for amending the constitution of the Royal College of Sur-geons of England. Mr. Rigden will open the discussion. Members having anycommunication to bring before the meeting are requested to send early notice ofits title to W. M. KELLY, M.D., Honorary Secretary, Taunton.

SOUTH-EASTERN BRANCH: WEST KENT DISTRICT.-The next meeting of theabove District will take place on Thursday, November 21st, at Maidstone, Dr.White in the chair. Gentlemen desirous of reading papers or exhibiting speci-mens are requested to inform the Honorary Secretary of the District, A. W.NANKIVELL, F.R.C.S., St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Chatham, not later thanOctober 31st. Further particulars will be duly announced.

STAFFORDSHIRE BRANCH.-The sixteenth annual general meeting of thisBranch will be held at the Bell Medical Library, Cleveland Road, Wolverhamp-ton, on Thursday, October 31st, at 3 P.M. An address will be delivered by thePresident, Mr. T. Vincent Jackson, Wolverhampton.-GEO. REID, Stafford,Honorary Secretary.

891 TIlE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. [Oct. 19, 1889.BATH AND BRISTOL BRANCH.-The first ordinary meeting of the session will

be held at the Grand Pump Room Hotel, Bath, on Thursday evening, October31st, at half-past seven o'clock; W. J. Fyffe, M.D., President. The followingcommunications are expected:-Suspension in Locomotor Ataxy: J. MichellClarke, M.B. Osteo-arthritis as an immediate sequel of Rheumatic Pyrexia: J.Kent Spender, M.D. "The Boracic Acid" Massage Treatment of Diseases ofthe Palpebral Conjunctiva: W. M. Beaumont, M.R.C.S.Eng. Operations forRtemoval of Vesical Calculus, with Seventeen Cases: Nelson Dobson,F.R.C.S.Eng.-R. J. H. SCOTT, E. MARKHAM SKERRITT, Honorarv Secretaries.

MIDLAND BRANCH: LEICESTERSHIRE DISTRICT.-A meetingfo will be lheld atthe Bell Hotel, MIelton Mowbray, on Tllursday, October 24t1s, at 3.30 P.M.;G. T. Willan, Esq., President of the Branch, in the chair. The followingpaperswill be read and discussed :-The President: Notes on a recent Case. Dr. F. W.Bennett: Post-nasal Growths. Dr. R. Pratt: The Treatment of Vomiting ofPregnancy. Dr. H. Handford: Typhoid Pneumonia. Mr. R. C. Stewart:Errors in Lunacy Certificates. Gentlemen desirous of reading papers arerequested to seiid early notice with the title of communication to the HonorarySecretary, F. M. POPE, M.B., Campbell hiouise, Leicester. The members willdine together at 6.30 P.M., at the same place; price 5s., exclusive of wine. Allmembers of the Association are cordially invited.

SOUTH WALES AND MONMIOUTHSHIRE BRANCH.THE autumn meeting of this Branch was held at Newport onOctober 4th; Mr. J. FARRANT FRY, President, was in the chair, andabout forty members and visitors were present.New Members.-Messrs. J. N. Lewis, Maindee; J. G. Thomas,

M.B., Hirwain; D. J. Jones, Ilirwain; and J. Arthur, Llandaff,were elected members of the Association and Branch.

Communications. -Mr. W. H. A. JACOBSON, Assistant-Surgeon,Guy's Hospital, gave an address on the Diagnosis of Renal Cal-culus and the Chief Conditions which Simulate it, for which acordial vote of thanks was passed to him.-Papers and cases byMr. E. S. Wood and Mr. 0. E. B. MIarsh were unavoidably post-poned.-Dr. A. G. THOMAS (Newport) showed a case of Empyemain an Adult Female, successfully treated by operation.-Mr. A.W. LOVERIDGE (Newport) read notes of a Peculiar Case of Albu-minuria; and showed a patient suffering from what appearedto be Epithelioma of the Lip, but some doubt was expressedas to this.-Dr. J. T. THOMPSON (Cardiff) showed a Boy suffer-ing from Congenital Displacement of the Crystalline Lens. Whenfirst seen, the patient had diplopia in both eyes. The lensesshowed a faint general haziness. Treatment by absorption of thelens substance by repeated discission was being carried out in theright eye with good results.Dinner.-The members and visitors subsequently dined together

at the Westgate Hotel.

BORDER COUNTIES BRANCH.THE autumn meeting of this Branch was held at Windermere onSeptember 27th, 1889, Dr. PARKrER, of Kendal, in the chair.Papers.-The following papers were read and discussed:-Dr.

THOMSON: On Empyema. Dr. CocKILL: On Traumatic Tetanus.Dr. PARKER: On a Rare Form of Blood Poisoning. Dr. TAYLOR:On a Case of Excessive and Obstinate Vomiting.Dinner.-The members subsequently dined together at Rigg's

Hotel.

SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE,PARIS.

Paris Surgical Congress: Discussion on the Immediate and RemoteResults of Operations on Phthisical Patients.-Iiymen andI'sculapius.

THIs discussion was one of the most interesting that has occupiedthe time of the Surgical Congress. M. Houzel (Boulogne) recom-mends treating localised tubercular lesions by speedy and thoroughremoval; lesions thus disappear in a few days which would pro-bably resist other treatment or persist for years without beingcured. Antiseptic measures remove all fear of danger from the after-effects of operations. M. Bousquet (Clermont-Ferrand) supportedthe views of M. Houzel, and added that he had operated in caseswhere pulmonary tuberculosis was decidedly manifest; the resultswere most satisfactory, and the general condition of the patientswas improved. He also stated that, excepting in those cases wherethere is advanced pulmonary disease, all tubercular lesions of cel-lular tissue, bone, and joints should be surgically treated. Amputa-tion he believes to be the only treatment for tubercular disease of

a limb when it is diffused, but should only be adopted when allother means have failed. M. Daniel Molliere (Lyons) considersoperation for tubercular disease to be dangerous for cne reasononly, namely, that it necessitates keeping the patients in bed,which favours a feverish condition. Abundant facts prove thatphthisical patients bear operations as well as others, providedthat they are protected against traumatic fever. Reunionby first intention is as frequent in phthisical patients as inothers. Thanks to antiseptic methods, this can be done.Antesthetics M. Molliere believes to have an unfavourable in-fluence on tubercular disease; they should therefore be ad-ministered only for a short time. Suppuration in such casesmay be inimical to good immediate results. If the suppurationbe arrested, and there is a clean surface, the chance of tuberculosisbecoming diffused is probably prevented. In tuberculosis of bonesconservative surgery may give permanently good results wlhenthe upper limbs are concerned, but for the lower limbs the cure isnot permanent, though it may perhaps last two or three years.Amputation is often followed by radical cure of tuberculosis;in other instances, if it be not radical, it is always lengthy.M. Molliere said his conclusions were applicable only to adults.M. Ollier (of Lyons) advises amputation in localised tuberculardisease when the patient is over 30 or 40 years of age, butadmits that this is a rule with a great many exceptions. Forspecial reasons he excised the bones of the foot in a patientover 40, and obtained excellent results. He has removed the.astragalus thirty-two times, in some instances the calcaneumwith it, and death was not an immediate result in any onecase. M. Ollier considers the well-known success of excisionof the elbow-joint to be due to the fact that patients leavethe hospital soon afterwards, whereas excision of the bones of thefoot compels a longer stay, and the patients continue to breathebad air impregnated with bacilli. M. L)emosthenes (Bucharest) saidthat in his hospital practice he found localised tuberculosis in15.4 per cent. of the whole number of patients in his wards. Hehas performed 281 operations, many of which were very impor-tant; the rate of mortality was 4.2 per cent. The immediate re-sults were very satisfactory, but the subsequent condition couldnot be ascertained in all instances; some of the patients operatedon were free from tuberculosis; in others, extirpation of tuber-culous glands was followed by relapse. Excision in disease ofbone M. Demosthenes found to be frequently followed by relapse;tuberculous abscesses reappear quickly after radical treatment.M. Boeckel (Strassburg) furnished statistics of 204 cases of localtuberculosis treated by excision and amputation, excisions of thehip-joint being excluded. The mortality resulting from excisionsis half that resulting from amputation. M. Boeckel considers ex-cision in treating long tuberculous lesions less dangerous thanamputation. M. Schwartz performed twenty operations withoutany immediate bad result.Medical Paris has been interested during the week 'by the mar-

riage of Dr. Bertillon, the distinguished head of the Departmentof Medical Statistics for the Department of the Seine, withMademoiselle Schultz, a lady who passed recently a brilliant ex-amination for the diploma of Doctor of the Paris Faculty of Medi-cine. Among the witnesses were Professor Brouardel, Dean ofthe Faculty of Medicine, Professor Reclus, and Dr. Levasseur, ofthe Institute. It is understood that Madame Bertillon will prac-tise her profession, and will act as an associate of her husband inhis medical and scientific labours. Another eminent professor,Professor D6jerine, has also married a lady doctor, MademoiselleKlumpke, who recently graduated with distinction at Paris,and is a person of great scientific accomplishments. The ParisFaculty was one of the earliest to open its doors to ladies as medi-cal students, and has long had a considerable proportion of ladystudents attending the classes of the Faculty, many of whomhave graduated brilliantly. French ladies, however, were slowto follow the many foreign lady students who flocked to Paris.It must, however, be acknowledged that the few French ladieswho have graduated have greatly distinguished themselves intheir examinations, and it appears there is a great dispositionamong the Faculty to absorb them in the ranks of the professionby marriage as well as by diploma.

LONDON HOSPITAL.-At the recent examination for EntranceScholarships in the medical school, the first Science Scholarship(£60) was awarded to C. P. Harris, and the second (£40) to G. It.Cowen. The first Buxton Scholarship (£30) was awarded to 0. 0.Williams, and the second (£20) to C. E. G. Tucker.

Oct. 19, 1889.] THIE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. 901

letter on the flagrant and glaring abuses of the provident dis-pensary system as at present carried out, for without doubt themedical staff of these institutions do become " responsible for actsfrom which they would shrink in their private capacity," andthus destroy all the dignity and the long cherished traditions ofthe profession, which ultimately means ruin to the younger prac-titioners, and the consequent resort to all the base and discredit-able means employed in the present day to secure any kind oflow-class work to drive starvation from their doors.In provident dispensaries " touting for patients " in the midst of

other medical men's practices, both by volunteer and paid agents,is of hourly occurrence. Quacklike bills and advertisements inthe local papers are as common as daylight. In many instancessick patients are at once transferred from the lists of the neigh-bouring practitioners to those attached to the local dispensary.Numbers of well-to-do mechanics' wives, who have gladly paid aguinea confinement fee for many years past to their own privateadvisers, are now attended by those charitable practitioners for15s. or less, and thus money is lost to the profession, while theirnew attendants congratulate themselves upon their own philan-thropy, and on teaching " the people " the advantages of " thriftand self-reliance." The old-fashioned apothecary, with his chemist'sshop, was bad enough, but the so-called provident and the shamsixpenny dispensaries have already eaten up the heart of the pro-fession, ruined the prospects of the younger dignified practi-tioners, and are fast converting the prolession of medicine into abad form of retail trade. " General Practitioner " may well ask,"How long are these men to enjoy a special indulgence withregard to offences against medical etiquette ?"

Trusting some remedy may soon be found for these terribleabuses,-I am, etc., A LOVER OF THE PROFESSION.

SIR,-May I, in response to Dr. Woods's suggestion, give expression to my viewsof the proposed Public Medical Service ? Almost all practitioners have abund-ant experienice of the abuse of hospitals, and all must give credit to Dr. Ren-toul for the energetic way in which he has emphasised and drawn attentionto the facts of the case; but the cure for the evil is Inot, in my opinion, to befound in the proposed Public Medical Service. Indeed, the scale of fees sug-gested is no less than that in force in general practice in many parts of thecountry, and, in some instances, the fees proposed are nmuch higher than thosefrequently accepted, as, for example, the obstetric fees.

I think everyone will admit that the supply of resident doctors is quiteample for the needs of most localities: and if these are content to work at therate of pay suggested by the author of the proposed service-or even for muchlower fees, as, for example, the " 6d. doctors," as they are called by the public-I fail to see the need for the introduction of yet another seheme for supply-ilng mnedlical aid to the workinig classes, who, I venture to predict, will notpatronise the new service wuhile they can get similar attendance at lowerrates.Then, I would ask, is there much hope of obtaining the co-operation of hos-

pital physicians and surgeons in sweeping away the abuses of these institu-tions which we all, as genleral practitioners, deplore? I fear the expressionsattributed to Sir Andrew Clark, in his Mansion House speech, very truth-fully represent the feelings of his class. So long as the greatest ambition ofhospital managers is to record vast arrays of figures, showing number of in-patients, number of out-patients, number of operations, and even number ofdressings per week or month, so long will hospital abuise continue, providedthat the charitable public come forward with the necessarv funds; nor canwe, I think, blame those who take advantage of the freely opened doors of ourhospitals, into which they are often forced by the pressure of influential friendsor employers, and even by ourselves, when they could be equally well treatedin their own homes.The subscribing public shoul(d be awakened to the enormous abuse of charity

at our hospitals, and shouild insist upon a more careful selection of the casesadmitted, which cannot, I think, be based upon any arbitrary wage limit, butupon the general suitability of the case. A great safeguard would, I believe,be that, in all cases except accidents, patients should be recommended by pri-vate practitioners, who are well qualified to j udge of the fitness of each caseon its merits, and subscribers' recommendation notes should be abolished.

I cannot agree with Dr. Woods that the cluib system does not work well, and,in my linmited experience, I do not find that suich patients are at all reluctantto consult their appointed surgeon. The doctor's pay is truly small, but thereis no hope of any increase while competition is so keesl for these appoinit-ments. The provident principle of such associations is excellent, and theirsteady growth is an indication that they supply a want to the workingclasses, who often make no other provision for sickness and death,Trusting that I have not trespassed at too great length on your space,-I

am, etc., COUNTBY DOCTOR.

PROVIDENT MEDICAL CLUBS.AT the North-Western Poor Law Conference, which was recentlyheld at the Guildhall, Preston, under the presidency of the RightHon. J. T. Hibbert, which was attended by a number of represen-tatives from the boards of guardians in the various Poor-lawunions, Mr. O'Hanlon (Manchester) contributed a paper on Pro-vident Medical Clubs.He gave some information as to the working of these inFtitutions and the bene-

fit they confer on the labouring class, both members and non-members-on theformer by encouraging among them habits of thrift, and on the latter " by mode-rating the fees " charged by medical men practising among the poor.-In the

course of a discussion which followed, Mr. Cropper, Chairman of the Westmor-land County Council, gave some details as to a provident dispensary at Kendal.Membership was based on a double principle, involving monthly contributionsand a payment of 6id. for each visit by the doctor. They had four doctors asso-ciated with it, and members could choose any one of them. So well had itanswered for the medical attendance that other doctors had applied to be placedon their staff-in fact, he might say that one doctor received from it last yearabout £1650. While the doctors were perfectly satisfied with the system, thepeople appreciated it so hIiglily that about one-seventh of the whole populationin Kendal were associated with it.-In the subsequent discussion, a guardianfrom Liverpool advocated a system of compulsory national insurance.-Mr.Hibbert, in closing the discussion, said, with respect to an observation whichliad been made as to the poor pay which doctors got from such institutions asthose proposed, that no club of the kind could live lonig it it was doing aninjury to the doctors, tiserefore things might wvell be left to right themselves.In Germany they had a compulsory system of insurance. They in Englandliad learned the compulsory system of education, and perhaps in course of timethey would adopt Germany's compulsory system of insurance.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCEIOXFORD.

ROLLESTON MEMORIAL P.RIZE.-The Rolleston Memorial Prizewill be awarded in Hilary Term, 1890, for an essay embodyingoriginal research in animal and vegetable morphology, physio-logy and pathology, or anthropology. The prize is open to mem-bers of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge of not morethan ten years' standing from matriculation.

CAMBRIDGE.EXAMINERS.-Dr. W. M. Ord, of St. Thomas's Hospital, has been

appointed an Examiner in Medicine for the M.B. degree, in theroom of Dr. Broadbent. Dr. Norman Moore, of St. Catharine'sCollege, Warden of St. Bartholomew's, has been reappointed As-sessor to the Regius Professor of Physic with reference to theexercises required for the M.D. degree. Dr. Alfred Carpenter andDr. Turner, Lecturer on Hygiene at Guy's Hospital, have been ap-pointed additional Examiners in Sanitary Science; owing to thelarge number of candidates (some forty-five in all) for the Cam-bridge diploma in Public Health, the four examiners already ap-pointed applied for extra assistance.THE ACADEMICAL STANDING OF BACHELORS OF MEDICINE

AND SURGERY.-The Council of the Senate report that there issome uncertainty as to the proper gown and hood to be worn byBachelors of Medicine. Of late they have worn the ordinary M.A.dress, but the Council think it desirable to introduce some dis-tinction, and recommend that M.B.'s shall in future wear a blackgown of the same shape as the M.D. scarlet gown, and a hood ofthe MI.A. shape, but lined with the pink silk of the M.D. scarlethood instead of the white silk of the M.A.'s. This handsomeacademic dress will serve to emphasise the fact that M.B.'s arenot deemed to be in statu pupillari, and settles a somewhat vexedquestion in a satisfactory manner. The Council further proposea new statute defining the status pupillaris, from which it ap-pears that Bachelors of Surgery, who by the existing statuteshave the privileges of Bachelors of Arts, are to be deemed in statupupillari; while Bachelors of Medicine, who have to write anoriginal thesis and keep a public " Act," are with " Inceptors inArts, Law, and Surgery, and Doctors designate in Music," declaredto have passed out of the status pupillaris.THE COUNCIL OF THE BOROUGH OF CAMBIRIDGE.-Another re-

port before the Senate deals with the mode 'of election of the sixnew University Councillors, who are, with thirty town councillorsand certain aldermen, to constitute the new Council of the Boroughof Cambridge. The Improvement Commissioners and the old TownCouncil will cease to exist on November 1st, the new body takingover the functions of both the others. As between them theselatter have managed to postpone again and again the much-neededdrainage reform in the town, it is to be hoped that a better r6gimewill begin under their successor, strengthened as it is by the ad-dition of University aldermen and councillors.ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL.-The Quarterly Court of Adden-

brooke's Hospital has decided to spend some £550 in erecting award for sick nurses and probationers. About £250 of this comesfrom a fund raised in part to commemorate the great services tothe nursing department of the hospital rendered by the latematron, Miss Alice Fisher, who died recently in Philadelphia. Thesuccess of the nursing school founded by her has been of the mostgratifying kind; the Treasurer lately announced that in the pre-sent year nearly £1,200 had, been received in fees from nursing

902 THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. [Oct. 19, 1889.

pupils and probationers. Mr. Laurence Humphry, M.B., Assistant-Physician to the Hospital, and Lecturer to the Probationers, hasnearly ready for issue a textbook for nurses embodying his courseof instruction.

ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND.THE autumnal examinations in the Faculty of Medic'ne have sofar resulted as follows:-

First Examination in Medicine: The Examiners have recom-mended that the following should be adjudged to have passed thisExamination.

Upper Pass Division.-C. L. Birmingham, University College, Dulblin; J. D.Boyd, Qtueen's College, Belfast; J. A. Burins, Queen's College, Cork; W.Chancellor, B.A., Queen's College, Belfast; E. J. Kelleher, Queen's Col-lege, Cork; P. N. O'G. Lalor, University College, Dublin; W. MeMatlh,Queen's College, Cork, and Belfast; D. J. O'Connor, Queen's College,Cork; M. V. O'Reilly, Universitv College, Dublin, anid Catholic Uniiver-sity School of Medicine; J. J. Wallace, Queenl's College, Belfast.

All the above candidates may present themselves for the FurtherExamination for Honours.Passed.-P. Brady, University College, Dublin, and Catholic University

School of Medicine; J. K. Brownlees, Quieen's College, Belfast; WV.Canning, Queen's College, Belfast; T. F. Chambers, Quieen's College,Cork; J. Dunne, University College, Dublin; T. J. Fennelly, Car-michael College of Medicine; J. W. Furey, Quieen's College, Belfast;G.W.Griffiths, Carmichael College and Royal Collegre of Scieuice; AmeliaG. Grogan, Royal College of Science; J. R. Lawther, Queen's College, 13el-fast; J. M. Longford, Uniiversity College, Dublin; Florence F. MacCarthiy,University College, Dublin; P. McCarthy, Queen's College, Galway; D.J. Magee, University College, Dublin; S. M. Magowan, Queen's College,Belfast; J. Mortell, Catholic University School of Medicinie; J. Patrick,Queen's College, Belfast; J. H. Thompson, Queen's College, Belfast; F.Whitaker, Uiniversity College, Dublin.

Second Examination in Medicine: The Examiners have recom-mended that the following should be adjudged to have passed thisExamination.Upper Pass Divisionl.-*A. J. M. BlaneV, B.A., Catholic Uiniversity School of

.Mediciue; *R. Campbell, B.A.. Quieen's College, Belfast; IT. Howard,Catholic University Sehool of Medicine and Queen's College, Galwav;J. Lynass, Queen's College, Belfast; *D. O'Callaglian, B.A., Queeni'sCollege, Cork; D. O'Driscoll, Queeis's College, Cork; P. T. O'Sullivan,Queen's College, Cork; R. H. W. S. Torney, Carmichael College aildLedwich School.

Those marked with an asterisk may present themselves for theFurther Examination for Honours.Passed.-J. Anglim, Catholic University School of Medicine; T. W. Atkin-

son, B.A., Queen's College, Belfast; R. M. Beatty. B.A., Queen's College,Belfast; P. Bennett. Catholic University School of Medicine; M. Boyle,Queen's College, Cork; R. P. Crosbie, M.A., QuLeen's College, Cork; C.H. Foley, Queen's College, Galway; W. Gordon, Qtueen's College, Bel-fast; J. Graham, Quieen's College. Belfast; W. Hamilton, Queen's Col-lege, Belfast; B. B. Hosford, Qtueen's College, Cork; P. McGanii,Catholic Uniiversity School of Medicine; A. Moss, Queeni's College, Bel-fast; T. Murphv, Queen's College. Cork; P. J. O'Briern, Qieen's College,Cork; M. O'Sullivan, Catholic Uriversity School of Medicine; D. J.Ryan, Catholic University School of Medicinie; J. A. Scott, Queeni's Col-lege, Belfast; T. H. Scott, Quieeni's College, Belfast.

Third Examination in Medicine: The Examiners have recom-mended that the following candidates should be allowed to passthis Examination:-Upper Pass Division.-J. A. Adams, B.A., Queen's College, Galway; G. H.

Frost, Catholic University School of Medicinie; A. Fullerton, Qtueen'sCollege, Belfast; T. W. A. Fullerton, Carmichael College of Medicine;Katherine M. N. Maguiire, Royal College of Surgeons and CarmichaelCollege; J. B. Moore, Queen's College, Cork; H. Morton, M.A., Queen'sCollege, Belfast.

All the above candidates may present themselves for the FurtherExamination for Honours.Passed.-J. H. Anderson, Queen's College, Belfast; D. J. F. Bennett, Catho-

lic University School of Medicine; C. L. W. Buntoni, Queen's College,Galway; J. F. Carroll, B.A., Quieeni's College, Cork; Anina L. Clhurch, RoyalCollege of Suirgeons and Carmichael College; M.Coughlan ,Queen's College,Cork, and Catholic Uniiversity School of Mediciine; F. A. Craig, Queen'sCollege, Belfast; R. Creighton, Royal College of Surgeons; P. Crowley,Queen's College, Galway; W. W. Duff, Queen's College, Belfast; M.Fitzgerald, Queen's College, Cork; R. Fraser. Queen's College, Belfast,P. Goold, Queen's College, Cork; It. J. Gordon, M. A., Quieen's College, Bel-fast; E. F. Harrahan, Ledwich Sehool of Medicinie; H. Harley,Queeii's Col-lege, Cork; H. T. Heron, B.A., Queen's College, Belfast; D. P. S. Hill,Queen's College. Belfast; T. Jackson, Queenl's College, Belfast; J. Jami-son, Queeil's College, Belfast; P. P. Jennings, Queen's College, Cork; J.M. Keegan, MI.A., Queen's College, Galway, and Glasgow Royal Infir-mary; J. F. Kelly, Catholic University School of Medicine; R. Lyons,Queen's College, Belfast; M. McCann, Qtieen's College, Belfast; R.McDowell, Queens's College, Belfast; J. McGennis, Queen's College-. Gal-way, alid Catholic University School of Medicine; J. B. MeLaren, M.A..Queen's College, Belfast; W. Moody, Queen's Colleges, Galway and Bel-fast; H. J. Moore, Catholic University S^hool of Medicine and School ofPhysic, Trinity College, Dubliin; J. Morrow, B.A., Queeni's College, Bel-fast; T. J. Mturphy, Queen's College, Cork; W. O'Gormaii. CatholicUniversity School of Medicine; H. W. H. O'Reilly, Queen's College, Gal-way; J. A. O'Sullivan, Queen's College. Cork; A. G. Robb, Queen's Col-lege, Belfast; W. L. Storey, Queen's College, Belfast; H. Stranaghan,Queen's College, Belfast; J. J. Thompson, Carmichael School of Medi-cine; J. R. Thoms3n, Queen's College, Belfast; A, J. Tonkini, Queen's

College, Belfast; R. B. Wagner, Quieen's College, Cork; G. S. Walker,Queeni's College, Cork; J. F. Wallace, B.A., School of Physic, TrinityCollege, Dublin; T. B. P. Wilkinison, School of Physic, Triiiity College,Dublin, Catholic University School of Medicine, and Ledwich School ofMedicine.

Medical Degrees Examination: The Examiners have recom-mended that the following be adjudged to have passed this Ex-amination.

Upper Pass Division.-I. Banks, Queen's College, Cork; J. B. Coleman,Catholic University School of Medicine and Carmichael College; J.Eldon, Queen's College, Galway. and Carmichael College; J. M. l'agan,Catholic University School of Medicine and Carmichael College; *J. M.Hall, Queen's College, Belfast; T. McDermott, B.A., Catholic Uni-versity School of Medicine; F. McKee, Queenl's College, Belfast; *J. W.Wolfe, Queen's College, Cork.

Those marked with an asterisk may present themselses forFurther Examination for Honours.

Pas.sed.-J. Adrain, Queen's College, Belfast; J. P. Clarke. B.A., CatholicUniversity School of Medicine; R. R. Davidsoni, B.A., Queen's College,Cork; C. Donovan, B.A., Schlool of Physic, Triniity College, Dublini;J. E. Dunlop. B.A., Queen's College, Belfast; W. Ekin, Queen's College,Belfast; A. M. Erskine, Queen's College, Belfast; J. Fulton, Queen'sCollege, Belfast; H. T. Gill, Queeni's College, Belfast; W. J. Gregory,Queen's College. Galway; J. Hamiltoni, Queen's College, Galway;J. Harley, Queen's College, Cork; W. Healv, Carmichael College;P. P. Jennings, Queen's College, Cork; J. J. Loftus, Queen's College,Galway, and Carmichael College; A. W. S. McComiskey. CarmichaelCollege; H. T. N. Merrick, School of Physic, Trii;ity College, Dublin;A. T. MorrisoTn, QuieeTn's College, Belfast; It. J. Mutnn, Queen's College,Belfast; W. J. OI)onnell, B.A., Qtueeni's College, Cork; M. J. O'Regan,Queen's College, Cork; H. K. Smytli, Quieen's College, Cork; J. Smyth,Quieen's College, Belfast; W. L. Storey, Queeni's College, Belfast; J.Taylor, Queen's College, Belfast; S. II. Witlhers, Queen's College,Belfast.

OBITUARYIPROFESSOR MAX LEIDESDORF, M.D., VIENNA.

PROFESSOR MAX LEIDESDORF, who died on October 9th fromdisease of the heart, was born at Vienna in 1819, and took hisM.D. degree in the university of that city in 1845. He thenvisited the principal schools of Germany, England, and France,and soon afterwards he was appointed director of a large lunaticasylum at St. Petersburg. After a short sojourn in the Russiancapital, he returned to Vienna, where he became Privat-Docent ofPsychical Diseases in 1856. In 1866, he was named Extraor-dinary Professor; in 1872, he became chief physician in thecliinic for mental diseases of the General Hospital; and in 1875,he was appointed Director of the Vienna " Landes Irrenanstalt"(the General Lunatic Asylum for Lower Austria).

Professor Leidesdorf's scientific works are very numerous. Themost important of his publications are: Contributions to theDiagnosis and Treatment of the Primary lForms ofMania; Text-book of Mental Diseases; Clinical Psychiatric Studies, etc. Itwas through his efforts that a clinic for mental diseases wasestablished in the Vienna University in 1870. Up to that timethere had been no systematic instruction in that branch of medi-cine at Vienna.

Leidesdorf had a great reputation as a consultant. Patientsfrom the most distant countries sought his advice, and he wasvery frequently called upon to give his "super-arbitrium ' indifficult cases.

In 1886, he was named a Member of the Oberster Sanitatsrath(Upper Sanitary Council), where he earnestly advocated the estab-lishment of asylums for drunkards. In the medical professionLeidesdorf's influence was very great; he was an intimate friendof Skoda, Oppolzer, Hebra, Arlt, etc. It was only last year thatLeidesdorf resigned his chair, owing to his having reached thelimit of age (70) at which, according to Austrian law, all universityprofessors have to retire.

HENRY LOWNDES, M.K.Q.C.P.IREL, M.R.C.S.ENG., L.S.A.WVE regret to have to announce the death, on October 14th, of Mr.lIenry Lowndes, at his residence, Catherine Street, Liverpool. Thedeceased, the fourth and last surviving son of the late WilliamLowndes, for many years a County Court judge, was born in 1827.He was educated at the Royal Institution of Liverpool, and sub-sequently became resident pupil at the Royal Infirmary, where heremained five years. Having completed his medical education inEdinburgh and obtained his diplomas, he returned to the RoyalInfirmary as its resident medical officer, or, as it was then termed,house apothecary.In 1860 he removed to the residence which he occupied at the

904 THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. [Oct. 19, 1889.

English towns. Among the Scotch towns the lowest rates were recorded inGreenock and Dundee, and the highest in Glasgow and Paisley. The 469 deathsin these towns duringf the week under notice included 64 which were referredto the principal zymotic diseases, equal to an annual rate of 2.5 per 1,000, whichwas 0.6 above the mean zymotic death-rate during the same period in the largeEnglish towns. The Ihighest zymotic death-rates were recorded in Glasgow,Perth, and Paisley. The 219 deaths registered duiring the week in Glasgowincluded 9 from whooping-cough, 8 from diarrheea, 6 from diphtheria, 4 from" fever," 3 from miieasles, and 2 from scarlet fever. Six fatal cases of diphtheriaand 4 of " fever" were recorded in Edinburgh. Two deaths from scarlet feveroccurred in Perth. The death-rate from diseases of the respiratory organs inthese towns was equal to 3.0 per 1,000, against 3.2 in London.

HEALTH OF IRISH TOWNS.DURING the week ending Saturday, October 12th, the deatlhs registered in thesixteen principal town districts of Ireland were equal to an annual rate of 21.7per 1,000. The lowest rates were recorded in Dundalk and Kilkenny,and the highest in Cork and Wexford. The death-rate from the prin-cipal zymotic diseases in these towns averaged 2.6 per 1,000. The 157 deathsregistered in Dublin during the week under notice were equal to an annualrate of 23.2 per 1,000 (against 31.5 and 26.2 in the two preceding weeks), therate for the same period being only 15.8 in London and 16.0 in Edinburgh.These 157 deaths included 23 which resulted from the principal zymotic diseases(equal to an annual rate of 3.4 per 1,000), of which 14 were referred to diarrhcea,7 to " fever," and 2 to measles.

THE QUALIFICATIONS OF MEDICAL OFFICEItS OF HEALTHl.ERRATUM.-In last week's number of the JOURNAT, P. 850, under the aboveheading, it is stated: " Medical officers who have, prior to 1892, had charge ofa district of 50,000 population for three consecutive years will niot be require(Ito hold or obtaiii a ptublic healtlh diploma." For 50,000 readl 20,000.

COMPUTLSORY NOTIFICATION.ME,SSR. JOIHN HOLDEN and J. J. BYRNE, Honorary Secretaries of the Preston

Medico-Ethical Society, write: We aredirected to applyto you on behalf of tlissSociety for information as to the numbers and names of large townis in whichthere is compiilsory notification of disease, but in which the notificatioin ofmeasles is not required.*** In the folloming towns tlle notification of inifectious disease (but not

measles) is compulsory, but it is impossible at the present moment to give acomplete list of such towins, as a large number of local authorities are takingthe necessary steps for briiiing the Infectious Diseases (Notification) Act oflast session into force in their districts (for example, Sheffield, Middles-brough, West Hartlepool, Truro, Tunbridge Wells, etc.). In most of theselatter cases measles will not, at all events at first, be a iiotifiable disease:-Accrington, Ashton-under-Lyne, Barrow-ini-Furniess, Blackbuirsi, Bolton,Bradford (Yorks), Burnley, Burton-on-Trent, Bury, Chadderton, ChesterCroydon, Darwen, Derty, Dewsbury, Guildford, Halifax, Heywood, Hudders-field, Kingston-on-Thames, Laiscaster, Leicester, Llandudno, Llanelly, Mac-clesfield, Manchester, Nelson, Neueastle-on-Tyne, Norwich, ANottiglglamOldham, Portsmouth, Rhipon, Salford, Stafford, Stalybridge, Sunderland,Torquay, Wakefield, West Ham, Wigan, Willesdlen, York.

HOURS OF ATTENDANCE OF MEDICAL OFFICEIIS.MR. H. N. 0. asks whether the guardians of the uiiioIn in wisiel he has recenitlybeen appointed district medical officer can, by resolutiois passed after hisappointmeiit has been confirmed bythe Local Goverilmesit Board, compel himto be at home for consultation for three hours daily.*** We are not aware of any power possessed by the guardianis wlhicll will

enable them to make suds a stringent regulatioss as this in reference to amedical officer's duties after his appointment has beeni conifirmed by the LocalGoversiment Board.

MEDICAL NEWS,THE foundation stone of the Victoria Jubilee Ilospital at Folke-

stone was laid on Saturday, October 12th.MEDICAL MAGISTRATE.-Dr. Mfacpherson Lawrie, of Greenhill,

Weymouth, has been appointed a Magistrate for the County ofDorset by the Lord-Lieutenant.INSTRUCTION IN VACCINATION.-Mr. E. Climson Greenwood

has been appointed teacher of vaccination at the VaccinationStations at 77, Welbeck Street, and Omega Place, St. John's Wood,in succession to the late Mr. W. A. Sumner.

IT is stated that severe measures are about to be taken at Romeagainst clairmoyantes and quacks generally. The prefects of thechief cities throughout the Kingdom of Italy will be invited totake similar steps.MEDICAL PHOTOGRAPHS.-Messrs. Done and Ball, of 12, Baker

Street, Portman Square, W., send a few specimens of the latestadditions to their medical series. The series now numbers nearly100 names. The photographs sent are those of Dr. Edis, Mr.Treves, Mr. Durham, and Dr. Priestley. They are excellent speci-mens of portraiture and photography.

TH1E erection of another large pavilion at the BirminghamFever Hospital has now been completed. The ward measures 150feet by 25 feet, and, with the building opened about a week ago,it is estimated that additional accommodation is afforded forabout eighty patients.THE Greek Minister for Foreign Affairs contradicts the reports

as to an outbreak of epidemic fever at the Piraeus. Never, hesays, has the sanitary condition of Athens and the Piroeus beenbetter, and he adds that the report of the Superior Medical Councilgive no confirmation to the rumours of an epidemic.DONATIONS.-Dr. Robertson has received from an anonymous

donor an Irish bank note for £50 for the Devonshire Hospital andBuxton Bath Charity.-An anonymous lady donor has given£3,000 to the North-East Lancashire Deaf and Dumb Society.-Mr.Hamilton Hoare has given a donation of £50 to the Royal Hos-pital for Diseases of the Chest in the City Road.CREMATION IN PAis.-The Paris Municipality has just fixed

the rates for cremation in Pere Lachaise. There is a charge of50 francs for each body, with leave to the family to use for fiveyears a compartment in the chamber for the preservation of theashes. For the ceremonial accessories the rate ranges between12 francs and 200 francs. The Mayors may allow gratuitous cre-mation to the poor.OPHTHALMIIC DEMONSTRATIONS AT THE ROYAIL WESTMINSTER

OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL.-On Tuesday evening, October 15th, at8.30 P.M., Mr. Adams Frost commenced a series of demonstrationsat the above hospital on the Physiological and PathologicalAppearances of the Fundus Oculi, illustrated by lantern projec-tions of ophthalmoscopic paintings. The demonstrations will becontinued on succeeding Tuesday evenings.PRESENTATION.-A very handsome silver tea and coffee service

has been presented to Dr. Robert Rooke Prance, of Hampstead, onhis retirement from practice, by his patients and friends, as amemorial of their esteem and regard, with the wish that he mayfor many years be spared to use it. Other presents were alsogiven. On resigning the appointment of honorary surgeon to theSailors' Orphan School and Home, after thirty-three years, Dr.Prance was accorded a cordial vote of thanks by the committee ofmanagement, of which he remains a member.PROPOSED MEDICAL CONGRESS IN SPAIN.-A meeting was re-

cently held in the rooms of the Spanish Medico-Chirurgical So-ciety at -Madrid with the view of arranging an internationalmedical congress to be held at Madrid in 1890. Though the pro-posal received influential support, the general feeling was that itwould not be desirable to organise a gathering which should inany wa) clash with the congress at Berlin. The suggestion wasthrown out that an attempt should be made to have the eleventhInternational Miedical Congress held at Madrid in 1893.THE LATE Dn. GUTHRIE, OF ESHER.-That the memory, at

least, of the good done by medical men is not always interredwith their bones has recently been proved in a very touchingway at Esher. The friends and former patients of the late Dr.James Guthrie, who died about a year ago, have erected over hisgrave a handsome marble cross, the work of Mr. F. J. Williamson,the distinguished sculptor who designed the statue of Her Majestywhich adorns the Medical Examination Hall on the Embank-ment. The list of subscribers (132 in number) includes mostof the principal residents of Esher and the neighbourhood. Thebalance of the sum collected will be applied for the benefit of Dr.Guthrie's children.SOCIETY FOR THE RELIEF OF AVIDOWS AND ORPItANS OF

MEDICAL MEN.-The quarterly court of the Directors of thisSociety was held on October 9th, at the house of the president,Sir James Paget, the necessary alterations in the new premises ofthe Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, in Hanover Square, notbeing sufficiently advanced to allow of a meeting there. Eightnew members were elected, the deaths of three announced, andthe resignation of one reported. Applications for grants wereread from sixty-one widows, fourteen orphans, and three orphanson the Copeland Fund; and it was resolved that £1,360 should bedistributed among them at the next court. The expenses for thequarter were £59 18s. 6d.MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASsoCIATION.-An examination for

the certificate in psychological medicine, given by the Medico-Psychological Association, will be held in December. Candidatesintending to present themselves for examination should apply for

Oct. 19, 1889.] THE BRITISHT MEDICAL JOURNAL.

particulars and give fourteen days' notice in writing (unless un-avoidably prevented) to either the General Secretary of the Asso-ciation, Dr. Fletcher Beach, Darenth Asylum, Dartford; theSecretary for Scotland, Dr. Urquhart, Murray's Asylum, Perth; orthe Secretary for Ireland, Dr. Conolly Norman, Richmond Asylum,Dublin, according as they desire to be examined in London, Edin-burgh, or Dublin. *The exact date of the examination and furtherparticulars will be advertised in this JOURNAL.IPSWICH CLINICAL SOCIETY.-The first meeting of this Society

for the winter session was held in the Board Room of the EastSuffolk Hospital on October 9th. Dr. Casley showed (1) a case ofstrumous disease of knee in which arthrectomy had been per-formed, and (2) a case of hydro-pneumothorax in which thepatient's condition had been much benefited by aspiration per-formed twice. Mr. Myddleton-Gavey read notes on a case ofalcoholic paralysis. Mr. Juler, F.R.C.S., read a paper on " TheValue of Ophthalmoscopy in Medical and Surgical Diseases," andspecially dwelt on the importance of headache as a symptom ofametropia. He also demonstrated the methods of correctingerrors of refraction by retinoscopy.THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MIEDICINE.-The foundation

stone of the new building of the New York Academy of Medicinewas laid on October 2nd, with some ceremony. Dr. A. Jacobi, thechairman of the Committee which is to superintend the erectionof the new building, delivered a very straightforward, simpleaddress, in which he briefly sketched the growth of the Academyduring the forty-three years of its existence, and pointed to theconsiderable public services which it had rendered directly and in-directly to the general public. Mr. Grover Cleveland, ex-Presidentof the United States, also spoke, and the foundation stone was thenlaid by Dr. Alfred L. Loomis, the President of the Academy. Thesite is in Forty-third Street, and close to Fifth Avenue.MORTALITY IN MINES.-A Blue Book just issued summarising

the statistical information furnished in the reports of HerMajesty's Inspectors of Mines for 1888, gives the number of per-sons employed in the mines of the United Kingdom as 5,292,656,of whom 5,680 are women above ground. The number of fatalaccidents was 885, and the total number of deaths occasionedthereby 960, being an increase of four in the number of fatal acci-dents, and a decrease of 91 in the number of lives lost, comparedwith the preceding year. The death-rate is more favourable thanin any preceding year. In coal mines the ratios are more favour-able than in any preceding year. There was one fatal accidentfor every 652 persons employed, and one death for every 602 per-sons employed.LICHEN PLANtTS A TROPHONEUROSIS.-Dr. Russell, of Utica,

New York, has described a case in which lichen planus followedamputation of the four fingers of the right hand. A month afterthe operation the disease manifested itself on the flexor surface ofthe right wrist, the one corresponding to the injury. The diseaseextended to the arm and forearm and wrist of the left side. Atthe end of the first year papules appeared on the lower dorsal andlumbar regions, and scattered papules developed on the thigh,abdomen, chest, and shoulders. The patient described the papulesas being of the size of a pin's head when first observed, graduallyenlarging till they became the size of a split pea. As they becamelarger they assumed a deeper tint, became flattened, and assumedan angular outline. For three days and a half no new territoryhad been invaded. There had never been marked pruritus. Theinterest of the case is in the suggestion that the injury to trunknerves may have been followed by trophoneurotic changes in theintegumental area supplied by the injured nerve as the startingpoint of the disease.

BURIAL REFOR}M.-A conference, covened by the Church ofEngland Burial, Funeral, and Mourning Reform Association, washeld on October 10th in the Church louse, Westminster, underthe presidency of the Bishop of Bedford. The first resolution wasmoved by General Lowry. Miss Davenport Hill suggested thatpressure should be put upon the Government to adopt the systemof compulsory burial within three days of death, which had beenfound to work advantageously in Switzerland and other countries,Sir Spencer Wells said it would be impossible for the advocates ofcremation to agree with the proposition that the burying of de-composed putrefying bodies in the earth could be better withouta coffin than with it. They believed that the storing up of thebodies of those who had died from contagious diseases was a mostdangerous thing to the living, and they were not at all sure

whether burial without a coffin was not more dangerous thanburial with one. He believed such a course would conduce to themore rapid dissemination of infectious germs in the earth. Thebest reform they could suggest was that overcrowded cemeteriesshould be closed, and that no new cemeteries should be openedexcept under stringent conditions.HAMPSTEAD MORTUARBY.-Dr. Danford Thomas, at an inquest

at Hampstead on October 14th, had his attention called to thewretched mortuary accommodation provided for the parish, theplace being without ventilation, small, and so inconvenient thatit was impossible to make a minute post-mortem examination.Dr. Thomas said that the state of this mortuary had been broughtbefore him time after time by juries, and recommendations hadbeen sent to the Hampstead vestry respecting it. The vestry, heunderstood, was willing to erect a proper mortuary; the difficultythey experienced was as to the site. In Marylebone, Islington,St. Pancras, and Hornsey, proper mortuary accommodation wasprovided, to which the public could have no objection to sendtheir dead; and there was at each a mortuary set apart for thereception of bodies of persons who had died from infectious dis-ease, which was a great boon to the poorer classes, who rentedone or two rooms, whereas they had considerable objection tosuch places as that at Hampstead, which was under the care ofone of the workhouse inmates. A juror remarked that the matterhad been under discussion for over fourteen years, and nothinghad been done. The jury added to their verdict a rider callingthe attention of the Hampstead vestry to the present mortuary,and expressing their opinion that more suitable mortuary accom-modation be provided similar to that which obtained in adjoiningparishes.

EXAMINING BOARD IN ENGLAND BY THE ROYAL COLLEGES OFPHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.-The following gentlemen passedthe Second Examination of the Board in Anatomy and Physiologyat a meeting of the Examiners on October 10th, namely:W. A. Perry, student of University College; H. N. C. Atkinson, E. C.

Adams, and J. L. A. Hope, of St. Bartholomew's Hospital; W. E. deKorte, of Guy's Hospital; J. B. H. Davson, of St. Mary's Hospital; W.B. Stanford, of Middlesex Ihospital; and W. H. A. Tebbs, of WestminsterHospital.

Passed in Anatomy only.E. H. Smith, J. Kyffins, and C. E. Dawes, of London Hospital; J. R. Rich-

mond, of King's College and Mr. Cooke's School of Anatomy and Phy-siology; J. H. Crawshaw, W. H. J. Huthwaite, of University College;W. P. Q. Daly, L. W. Bathurst, of St. Bartholomew's Hospital; and R.S. Whittord, of Charing Cross and Mr. Cooke's School of Anatomy andPhysiology.

Passed in Physiology only.T. Stevens, H. D. Senior, H. Gardner, and J. H. Whitehead, of Charing Cross

Hospital; D. L. Thomas, F. G. Scott, F. W. Walters, W. R. Mathews, F.J. A. Baldwin, and G. A. Simpson, of London Hospital; R. J. Rastrick,C. H. Willis, of St. Bartholomew's Hospital; T. W. Smith, J. B. 0.

Richards, of King's College; W. J. Covey, of University College; 1I. W1.Ramsay, of St. Mary's Hospital and Mr. Cooke's School of Anatomy andPhysiology; and W. A. Hayes, of Trinity College, Dublin, and Uni-versity College.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.-The followinggentlemen, having passed the necessary examinations, were, atthe quarterly meeting of the Council, admitted Members of theCollege, namely:

Birkenlsead, Harold, L.R.C.P.Lond., Witherby Rectory, Atherstone.Borrett, George Goss, L.R.C.P.Lond., 63, Pliilpot Street, E.Jamieson, Sydney, L.R.C.P.Lond., 11, Melbourne Place, Edinburglh.Kempthorne, Albert Edward, L.S.A., Oakley, Neath, Glamorgan.Levers, Alexand(ler, L.R.C.P.Lond., 2, Delamere Crescent, W.McGowan, James binclair, M.B.Vic.Univ., King Street, Oldham.The following Members having previously passed the necessary

examinations, and having attained ithe legal age (25 years), were,at the same meeting, admitted Fellows of the College, namely:

Dean, Hesiry Percy, L.S.A., University College Hospital, Diploma of Mem-ber dated June 9th, 1887.

Ward, Arthur Henry, L.R.C.P.Lond., St. George's Hospital, November l0th,1887.

MEDICAL VACANCIES.The following Vacancies are announced:

BALLINROBE UNION.-Medical Officer. Salary, £100 per annuim, with£33 6s. 8d. as Consulting Sanitary Officer. Applications to Mr. John Walsh,Clerk of Union. Election on October 19th.

BRADFORD INFIRMAARY AND DISPENSARY.-House-Physician. Salary,£100 per annum, with board. Applications by October 22nd to W. Maw.Secretary.

BURTON-ON-TRENT INFIRMARY.-House-Surgeon. Salary, £130 per an-num, with apartments, coal, and gas. Applications by October 23rd to J.C. Grinling, Esq., Honorary Secretary, the Infirmary, Burton-on-Trent.

905

THE BRITISII MEDICAL JOURN.AL. [Oct. 19, 1889.

COUNTIES ASYLUM, Carlisle.-Junior Assistant Medical Officer. Salary, £80

per annum, with board. Apply to Dr. Campbell, Garlands, Carlisle.DORSET COUNTY ASYLUM.-Assistant Medical Officer. Salary, £120 per

annum, with board and residence. Applications by October 19th to Dr.MacDonald, Medical Superintendent.

FLINTSHIRE DISPENSARY.-House-Surgeon. Salary, £100 per annum, andfurnished houise, etc. Applications by November 11th to the Secretary,Board Room, Bagillt Street Holywell.

GENERAL DISPENSARY AND INFIRMARY, Jersey.-Resident MedicalOfficer. Salary, £120 per annum, with furnisbed apartments, etc. Appli-cations by October 19th to the Honorary Secretary.

HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTION, Brompton.-House-Physicians. Applica-tions by October 19th to the Secretary.

HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN, Great Ormond Street, W.C.-House-Surgeon. Salary, £50 per annum, with board etc. Applications by Octo-ber 28th to the Secretary.

LIVERPOOL DISPENSARiESS--Two Assistant-Surgeons. Salary, £80 perannum each, with board, lodging, and attendance. Applications by Oc-tober 28th to the Secretary.

LIVERPOOL EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY.-House-Surgeon. Salary, £80,with board and lodging. Applications by November 4th to Reginald Haigh,Honorary Secretary, Grosvenor Buildings, Liverpool.

LIVERPOOL INFIRMARY FOR CHILDREN, Myrtle Street.- House-Sur-geon. Salary, £85 per annum, with board and lodging. Applications byOctober 21st to C. W. Carver, Esq.

LIVERPOOL ROYAL INFIRMARY.-Honorary Surgeons. Applications byNovember 1st to the Chairman, H. B. Gilmour, Esq.

LONDON LOCK HOSPITAL AND ASYLUM, Harrow Road and Dean Street,W.-Physician. Applications by October 21st to the Secretary, HarrowRoad.

LONDON LOCK HOSPITAL AND ASYLUM, Harrow Road and Dean Street,W.-Surgeon. Applications by October 21st to the Secretary, Harrow Road.

MEDICAL AID ASSOCIATION OF BIRSAY, HARRAY, AND SANDWICK,Mainland of Orkney.-Medical Officer. House anid garden, fees and emolu-ments, etc. Applications by October 31st to the Rev. J. A. Selbie, Birsay,Stromness.

NORTH RIDING INFIRMARY,'Middlesbrough-on-Tees.- House-Surgeon.Applications by October 31st to the Secretary.

NORTH-WESTERN LONDON HOSPITAL, Kentish Town Road.-SeniorResident Medical Officer. Applications by October 21st to the Secretary.

PADDINGTON GREEN CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, W.- House-Surgeon.Salary, £50 per annum, with board and lodging. Applications by October21st to the Secretary.

PARISH OF THE UNITED PARISHES OF WHITTLESY. DistrictMedical Officer and Public Vaccinator. Salary,£70 per annum and fees.Applications by October 28th to John Peed, Esq., Clerk.

PUBLIC DISPENSARY, 59, Stanhope Street, Clare Market.-Resident MedicalOfficer. Salary,£105 per annum,witth furnished apartments, etc. Applica-tions on or before November 6th to the Secretary.

ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL, Quay Street, Manchester.-House-Surgeon an(dResident Obstetric Assistant Surgeon. Salary, £120 per annum, withboard and residence. Applications by October19th to the Secretary.

SALOP INFIRMARY, Shrewsbury.- House-Surgeoni. Salary, £100 per

annum, with board and resideince. Applicationis by November 2nd to tleBoard of Directors.

SHEFFIELD GENERAL INFIRMARY.-House-Siirgeon. Salary, £120 per

annum, with board. lodging, and washing. Applications by November 2nldto the Medical Staff of the Sheffield Genieral Infirmary to the care of theSecretary.

SHEFFIELD GENERAL INFIRMARY.-Assistant House-Surgeon. Salary,£80 per annum, with board, lodging, anid washing. Applications by Noverin-ber 2nd to the Medical Staff of the Sheffield General Infirmary to the care

of the Secretary.STOKESLEY UNION.-Medical Officer for Workhouse and Stokesley Dis-

trict. Salary,£54 per annum, with extras. Applications by October 19tlto T. Sowerby, Esq., Clerk, Stokesley.

VICTORIA HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN, Queen's R2oad, Chelsea.-Ophthalmic Surgeon. Applications by November 18th to the Secretary.

WESTON-SUPER-MARE IIOSPITAL. House-Surgeon. Salary, £50 per

annum, with board and residence. Applications by October 28th to theHonorary Secretary.

WOLVERHAMPTON AND STAFFORDSHIRE GENERAL HOSPITAL,Wolverhampton.-House-Surgeon (will also be required to act as SurgicalRegistrar). Salary, £100, with board, lodging, and washing. Applicationsby October 28th to the Chairman of the Medical Committee.

MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS.ALDOuS, G. F., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., appointed Second Medical Officer to the

Provident Department of the Plymouth Public Dispenisary, vice E. B.Thomson, M.D., M.B., resigned.

ALTHORP, C. F. M., L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S.Eng., appointed House-Surgeon,vice W. Horrocks, M.B.Lond., F.R.C.S.Eng., resignied.

COSTELLOE, J. J. A., L.K.Q.C.P., appointed Surgeon to the Coastguards atRosslaire, Co. Wexford.

CRUMP, Thomas Greenwood, B.A.Cantab., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., appointedAssistant House-Surgeon to the General Hospital, Birmingham, vice J. S. A.

Walker, M.B.. resigned.Gu.NN, D., F.R.C.S., appointed Juinior House-Surgeon to the Royal London

Ophthalmic Hospital, vice C. H. Walker, M.R.C.S., resigned.HADDEN. D., F.R.C.S., appointed Surgeon to the County Wexford Infirmary,

vice H. H. Boxwell, M.D., F.R.C.S., deceased.

IsAAc, G. Washington, M.B.. C.M., appointed Medical Officer to the Home andColonial School Society's Training College.

KENNY, J. MI. S., appointed Medical Officer to the Granard Union, vice P. J.Slevin, L.K.Q.C.P.I., L.R.C.S., resigned.

MACEVOY, H. J.,M.B., appointed Assistant Resident Medical Officer to theLondon Fever Hospital, vice E. V. Goodall, M.D.,M.B., resigned.

MILLIGAN, Wi., MB.,C.M., appointed Assistant-Surgeon to the ManchesterEar Institution.

MOORE, S., appointed House-Surgeon to the St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin.RAWLINGS, H. E., L.K.Q.C.P.I., M.R.C.S.. appointed Resident Medical Officer

to tse Swansea Hospital, vice J. Kerr, M.A., M.B.Cantab., resigned.RERS, A. N., L.R.C.P.,M.R.C.S., appointed Physician's Assistant to the Ply-

mouth Public Dispensary, vice P. Jackson, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., deceased.ROLL, G. W., B.A.,M.B., appointed House-Surgeon to the Leicester Infirmary

and Fever House, vice J. B.O'Kell, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., resigned.STEVEN, J. L., M.D., appointed Curator of the Museum and Pathologist to the

Glasgow Royal Infirmary, vice D. Newman, M.D., resigned.TRw. J. S., M.B.. B.S.Durham, D.P.H.Camb., appoinited Medical Officer of

Health to the Basford Uniion Rural Sanitary District, vice P. Boobbyer,appointed to Nottingham.

THOMPSON, W. J., appointed House-Physician to the St. Vincent's Hospital,Dublin.

THORBURN, William, B.S.Lond., F.RC.S., appointed Honorary Assistant-Sur-geon to the Manchester Royal Infirmary, vice F. A. Southam, F.R.C.S.,appointed Honorary Surgeoni.

TORRENS, James, M.D., appointed Assistant Physician to the Jervis StreetHospital, Dublin.

WALLIS, Fred. Charles, B.A., M.B.Cantab., B.S., M.R.C.S., appointed Demon--strator of Anatomy at Charing Cross Hospital.

WEARY, G. E., M.R.C.S.Eng., L.R.C.P.Lond., appointed Resident MedicalOfficer to the Boscombe Hospital and Providlent Dispensary, vice H. Cocker-ton, L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S.Eng., resigned.

DIARY FOR NEXT WEEK.

MONDAY.MEDICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 8.30 P.M.-The President's Opening Address.

Paper by Sir Andrew Clark,Bart., F.R.S.: On the Non-Tubercular Henioptysis of Elderly Life.

TUESDAY.ROYAL MEDICAL ANT) CHIauRGICAL SOCIETY, 20,Hanover Square, 8.30 P.Am.-

1. Address by the President, Sir Edward Sieveking, M.D. 2.Dr. Thomas Oliver, M.A., M.R.C.P. (Newcastle-on-Tyne):The Analytical and Clinical Examination of Lead Poisoning inits Acute Manifestations. 3. Mr. J. Bland Sutton, F.R.C.S.:A Case of Rtuiptuired Tubal Pregnancy, with Remarks on theCause of Early Ruptutre.

kEDNESDAY.HL'NTERIAN SOCIETY, 8 P.m.-Mr. F. R. Humphreys: On the Clinical Estima-

tion of the Colouring Matter of the Urine.FRIDAY.

CLINICAL SOCIETY, 20. Hanover Squiare, 8.30 P..r.-Mr. Mayo Robson: Cases ofCholecystotomy. Mr. NV. Rivington: Case of Pott's Fracture,with fracture and displacement of the astragalus followed bysymptoms of tetantis, which subsided after removal of the dis-placed fragment. Mr.MT. G. Spencer: Case of Rtecent Disloca-tion Backwards at the Elbow of botlh Bones of the Forearm,irreducible from the lower end of the humerus being held like&button by a rent inl the anlterior ligameint.

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.The c/iargefor inserting aanounces2nents of Births, Marriages, and D)eaths is 3s.6d.,

which shouldbe forwarded iznetatps viith the anuiouiicelnent. hle,first post on,

Thursday msoraings is the latest by which advertiseisents can be received.

MARRIAGES.COLLINS-POTTS.-Oil the 16tlh iiistaiit, at the 1intrish Chlurch, Broseley, by

Philip Cornish Pratt, B.A., Clhaplaiin J.N., assisted by 1Rev. GeorgeFleming Lamb, M.A., Rector of the Parishi, George Duppa Collins,M.R.C.S., L.S.A., to Selinaa, youngest daughter of the late George Potts,Esq., Solicitor, Broseley.

DAvIES-LEYSRON.-On Tuesday, October Sth, at Llantwit Fardre Ch irch, bythe Rev. John Jenkins (Vicar), assisted by the Rev. M. J. Powell, M.A.,Senior Curate of Tredegar (both cotusins of the bridegroom), and the Rev. S.R. Jones, Vicar of Glyntaff, Dr. R. T. E. Davies, of New Tredegar, onlyson of Mr. B. Davies, Wellfield, Aberavon, to Annie, eldest dauglhter of Mr.D. Leyshon, Graig Villa, Pontypridd.

GAINER-SINCLAIR.-On 8th October, at St. Jolhn's Episcopal Church, Edin--buirgh, by the Rev. G. J. Cowley-Brown, M.A.Oxon., Incumbeiit, JosephWilliam Gainer, M.B. & C.M.Ed., of Thrapston, Northamptonshire, only sonrof Joseph Gainer, Esq., of Stoneliouse, Gloucestershire, to Margaret, elderdaughter of the late P. Sinclair, Ediilburgh.

PEARCE-ARNST.-On October 15th, at St. Matthew's, Bayswater, by the Rev.Filmer Sulivan, Vicar, assisted by the Rev. O'Brien Hodge, Vicar of St.Peter's, Paddington, Walter Pearce, M.D.Lond., B.S., M.R.C.P., of 63.Montagu Square, eldest son of J. D. M. Pearce, M.A., J.P., Maidenhead, towChristine, eldest daughter of A. Arnst.

PERKS-TREGASKIS.-On October 15th, at Cardliff, Robert Howell Perks, M.D.,F.R.C.S., Medical Superinteuidentof the Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SouthAustralia, eldest son of the late Henry Perks, Esq., of Monkton Combe,Somerset, to Frances Mary, eldest daughter of the hate Henry Tregaskis, ofCardiff.

DEATH.ROBERTS.-October 14tll, at Alfretoii, Derbyshire, Thseo. L. Roberts, M.R.C.S.,-

L.R.C.P., aged 40 years.

906I

908 THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. [Oct. 19, 1889.

or a succeeding generation will display a corresponding departure in a greateror less degree. Should both parents be physiologically imperfect, we mayexpect the imperfections, if they are of a like nature, to be intensified in thechildren. It is in this respect, therefore, that the risk of consanguineousmarriages arises, for no family can lay claim to physiological perfection."When we speak of tendencies, susceptibilities, proclivities, or predisposi-

tion to the transmission of characters, whether they be normal or patholo-gical, we employ terms which undoubtedly have a certain vagueness. We areas yet quite unable to recognise, by observation alone, in the germ-plasm anystructural change which would enable us to say that a particular tendency orsusceptibility will be manifested in an organism derived from it. We can onlydetermine this by following out the life-history of the individual. Still, it isnot the less true that these terms express a something of the importance ofwhich we are all conscious. So far as man is concerned, the evidence in favourof a tendency to the transmission of both structural and functional modifica-tions, which are either of dis-service, or positively Injurious, or both, is quiteas capable of proof as that for the transmission of characters which are likelyto be of service. Hence, useless as well as useful characters may be selectedand transmitted hereditarily."He related the well-known case of Lord Morton's (?) Arabian mare, which

"produced a hybrid the sire of which was a quagga, and the young one wasmarked by zebra-like stripes. But the same Arabian had subsequently twofoals, the sire of which was an Arab horse, and these also showed some zebra-like markings. How, then, did these markings, characteristic of a very dif-ferent animal, arise in these foals, both parents of which were Arabians? Ican imagine it being said that this was a case of reversion to a very remotestriped ancestor, common alike to the horse and the quagga. But, to mymind, no such far-fetched and hypothetical explanation is necessary. Thecause of the appearance of the stripes seems to me to be much nearer andmore obvious. I believe that the mother had acquired during her prolongedgestation with the hybrid, the power of transmitting the quagga-like charac-ters from it, owing to the interchange of material which had taken placebetween them in connection with the nutrition of the young one. For it mustbe kept in mind that in placental mammals an interchange of material takesplace in opposite directions, from the young to the mother as well as from themother to the young. In this way the germ-plasm of the mother, belongingto ova which had notyet matured, had beCome modified whilst still lodged inthe ovary. This acquired modification had influenced her future offspring,derived from that germ-plasm, so that they in their turn, though in a morediluted form, exhibited zebra-like markings. If this explanation be correct,then we have an illustration of the germ-plasm having been directly influ-enced by the soma, and of somatogenic acquired characters having been trans-mitted."This is the more valuable inasmuch as it is the result of indepcndent

thought and investigation, Sir W. Turner having assured me that he had notread my letter in the JOURNAL, with which, however, he is now pleased to saythat he agrees, by making the following statement: " In my judgment thereis, as you have put, a physiological difference between the marriages with adeceased wife's sister and a deceased husband's brother."

THE MEAD TESTIMONIAL FUND.(Final List.)

THE Honorary Treasurers (Dr. F. M. BECKETT, Ely, and Dr. E. G. BARNES,Eye) acknowledge with thanks the following additional contributions to theabove fund:

£ s. d.Amount previously acknowledged ... ... 156 11 0Clarke, Andrew, Esq., F.R.C.S., 71, Harley Street ... 1 1 0Groom, W. Wollaston, Esq., M.B., Stowmarket ... 0 10 6May, G. Parker, Esq., M.D., Maldon ... ... 0 10 6Pearse, Arthur, Esq., M.D., Botesdale, Diss ... 0 2 6

Total ... ... ... ... 158 15 6The above amount has been paid over to Dr. Mead towards defraying the

expenses entailed by his successful defenice of the action brought against him,which amoulnted to £195.

COMMUNICATIONS, LETTERS, etc., have been received from:Dr. J. Phillips, Sunderland; Mr. W. H. Stevens, Bristol; Dr. Mickle, LoI1-don; Dr. F. Payne, London; Mr. T. Forster, Daventry; Mr. E. D. Farmer-Bringhurst, Waterford; J. S. Tew, M.B., Nottingham; F. Macrae, M.B.,London; Dr. A. Ruffer, London; Mr. J. Menzies, Warrington; Messrs. Reedand Cook, Bridgwater; Mr. J. C. McLachlan, Shelf; Mr. J. Arnallt-Jones,Aberavon; Surgeon-Major T. Murtagh, Loindon; Mr. E. J. R. MacMahon,Cheltenham; Our Manchester Correspondent; Mr. W. Tinker, Ipswich;Dr. Bolding, Royston; Mr. S. Woodhams, Gravesend; Mr. W. B. Darroll.Wickham Market; Dr. Aston, Birmingham; Dr. Norman Kerr, London;Mr. MacAlister, London; Mr. M. Lawson, Weymouth; Dr. E. Walter, Broad-stairs; Dr. Macpherson, London; Mr. G. A. Bevan, London; Mr. W. Boyce,Shlrewsbury; Mr. E. Greenwood, London; Mr. E. A. Onyon, Eye; Dr. LouisParkes, London; Mr. W. T. Douglas, Banbury; B. Le Cronier Lancaster,M.B., London; Our Liverpool Correspondent; Professor Gairdner, Glasgow;Mr. J. Peed, Whittesley; Dr. Maxwell, Woolwich; Dr. J. S. Cameron, Hud-dersfield; Mr. T. G. Crump, Birmingham; Mr. Fitz James Molony, Porlock;J. M. Smith, M.B., West Calder; Dr. W. M. Kelly, Taunton; Dr. FletcherBeach, Dartford; Dr. W. Thorburn, Rusholme, Manchester; Asylum Super-intendent; Mr. J. L. Stretton, Kidderminster; W. Milligan, M.D., Man-chester; A Member; Messrs. Burgoyne, Burbidges and Co., London; Dr.O'Neill, Belfast; Mr. J. F. Jackson, Smethwick; Dr. J. B. James, London;Mr. M. Harding, London; Dr. F. W. Edridge-Green, London; Dr. T. 0.Wood, Liverpool; Mr. S. Sexton, New York; J. G. Gillon, M.B., Wellington;Mr. Blackett, London; Dr. G. Thin, London; Dr. W. R. D. Blackwood,Philadelphia Mr. John Bellamy, London; Mr. Jessop, Leeds; Mr. J.

Kempson, Twickenham; Dr. W. Pearce, London; Dr. Partridge, Stroud;Mr. J. Hewitt, Smethwick; Mr. R. Jones, Liverpool; Mr. W. E. Price, Ross;Mr. A. W. Nankivell, Chatham; Dr. A. C. Dixey, Malvern; A. Bernard,M.B., Liverpool; Mr. S. Taylor, Buxton; Mr. F. J. Smith, London; TheSecretary of the Devonshire Hospital and Buxton Bath Charity; Dr. W. S.Lang, Edinburgh; Dr. Hughlings Jackson, London; Sir Andrew Clark,London; Mr. J. T. Taylor, London; Mr. J. L. Cox, Falmouth, Jamaica; TheSecretary of the Jamaica Branch of the British Medical Association, King-ston, Jamaica; Mr. J. Bunting, Torquay; F. M. Pope, M.B., Leicester; Mr.H. W. G. Macleod, Almora; Dr. Railton, Manchester; M. B. Saunders, M.B.,Longtown; Dr. W. C. Steele, Ealing; Dr. J. Althaus, London; Mr. W. H.Brown, London; Dr. Rentoul, Liverpool; Dr. de Havilland Hall, London;Mr. G. J. Mould, Fyzabad, Bengal; Dr. J. Brown, Glasgow; Mr. W. G.Spencer, London; Dr. J. G. Carageorgiades, Limassol, Cyprus; Dr. T. A. B.Kane, Spennymoor; Mr. W. K. Treves, Margate; Dr. W. J. Tyson, Folke-stone; Mr. Lennox Browne, Lond.n; Dr. R. J. H. Scott, Bath; Mr. W.. J.Brook, Great Missenden; A Lover of the Profession; Dr. W. J. Naismith,Ayr; Sir Oscar Clayton, London; C. Hope, M.B., Govan; Mr. R. G. Welch,Emsworth; Dr. Hugh Woods, London; Mr. S. Ryan, Bradford; Messrs.Rankin and Barland, Kilmarnock; Our Swiss Correspondent; Mr. W. S. Porter,Sheffield; Dr. Roth, Ain, France; Dr. G. C. Kingsbury, Blackpool; Mr. F.Kerslake, London; Mr. A. S. Percival, Woking; Mr. Humphreys, London;Mr. S. J. Noake, Aston; Mr. R. Bruce, London; Mr. A. Wilson, Hull;Mr. G. F. Althorp, Bradford; Dr. C. Smith, Austin, Texas; Dr. Lewers, Lon-don; Mr. W. Beaufort, London; Mr. W. H. Brazil, Bolton-le-Moors; Dr.Gibbon, London; Mr. F. Tyerman, Lewisham; Mr. J. R. Troup, Exeter; Mr.J. B. Curgenven, London; Mr. G. J. Symons, London; Medical Staff; Mr.Lawson Tait, Birmingham; Dr. E. Haughton, London; Sir Joseph Lister,Bart., London; Mr. J. 0. Fryer, Battley Carr; Mr. H. K. Lewis, London;Mr. F. H. M. Burton, Burnley; Mr. J. Holden, Preston; Dr. W. M. Ord,London; Sir E. Sieveking, London; Mr. Wagstaffe, Sevenoaks; Dr. W.Macewen, Glasgow; Mr. E. Slade King, Ilfracombe; Dr. R. Maguire, Lon-don; Brigade-Surgeon C. H. Y. Godwin, Netley; Dr. Cosgrave, Dublin;Professor A. Fraser, Dublin; Dr. K. Fairclough, Old Trafford; The Secretaryof the Swansea Hospital, Swansea; Mr. H. Davis, Callington; Mr. G. D.Collins, Broseley; Miss W. M. Maxwell, Birkenhead; Dr. D. A. Fraser,Totnes; Dr. Watt, Hovingham; Mr. G. Rendle, London; Dr. Littlejohn,Ediinburgh; Dr. C. R. Macdonald, Beith, N.B.; Mr. C. H. Wells, London;Mr. J. Cahill, London; Dr. F. C. Turner, London; Mr. J. M. Smith, Lon-don; Dr. Dudley Buxton, London; Professor Charteris, Glasgow; Dr. C. C.Scott, Twickenham; W. Rawes, M.B., London; The Secretary of the Deacon-nesses' Institution, Tottenham; Dr. B. J. Baron, Clifton; Mr. E. C. Green-wood, London; Dr. E. Symes Thompson, London; A. McCulloch, M.B.,Tarporley; Mr. A. Meek, Alfreton; Mr. R. Burchell, Reigate; Mr. J. A.Hutton, Newcastle-on-Tyne; Dr. J. W. Moore, Dublin; Surgeon H. D.James, Babbicombe; Mr. C. F. Moore, Dublin; Mr. F. Penny, Crewkerne;Dr. G. Henty, London; Dr. W. V. Lush, Weymouth; Mr. Bailey Denton,London; Mr. M. G. Dundas, Swaffham; Mr. W. E. Scott, Londoii; Dr. A.Schetelig, Nervi; etc.

BOOKS, ETC., RECElVED.

Applied Anatomy: Surgical, Medical, and Operative. By John McLac'Jlao,M.D., B.Sc., M.R.C.S. Vols. i and ii. Edinburgh: E. auird S. Livingstone.1889.

Suggestions to Mothers. By a Mother. Secondl Edition,. London: J. and A.Churchill. 1889.

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