1812final!!!

18121812pages.indd 1 5/22/2012 5:20:57 PM1812pages.indd 2 5/22/2012 5:20:59 PMBy Sandy AttalTe Detroit River theatre is the forgotten frontier of what has been called the forgotten war.Amid the recent food of writings on the War of 1812, surprisingly little has been done to illuminate British operations in this frontier. Yet, the two fore-mostfgurestoemergefromthiswarmadetheir names here Brock, knighted for his capture of De-troit and Tecumseh, whose Native followers proved to be the principal defenders.In1812,seniorBritishcommandersconsidered thisareaascriticaltothedefenceofUpperCana-da.IsaacBrocktermedAmherstburgthefrstand most important point and declared that if it fell into American hands, he would have to evacuate all Up-per Canada to Kingston.U.S.ofcialsalsorecognizedtheimportanceof whatPresidentJamesMadisoncalledUppermost Canadaandlaunchedtheirfrstassaulthere,ex-pecting an easy victory.Tomas Jeferson spoke of the conquest as a mat-terofmarchingandmarchtheydidtoQuebec City as prisoners of war or else to their home states as paroled prisoners. More Americans soldiers were captured here than on the remaining theatres of Up-per Canada combined.However,despiteastringofAnglo-Nativevicto-ries, the tide turned. Madison committed virtually un-limited funds to this frontier. In Ohio, Fort Meigs was constructed as a springboard for invasion. It was the largest wooden fortifcation of its day in North Amer-ica.TeAmericansalsobuiltasuperiorfeetwhich gained mastery on Lake Erie, enabling U.S. forces to invade Essex County in their largest amphibious op-erationconductedtothattime.Britishprioritiesto theeastleflocaldefendersseverelydisadvantaged and afer the battle of Moraviantown, Essex and Kent counties endured a harsh military occupation.During the frst year, local militia were repeatedly called out to augment the scant British troops. While engagedinfar-fungcampaigns,theircropswent neglected,producingseverefoodshortages.Under the American occupation, conditions only got worse with harvests commandeered, ofen on credit. In ad-ditiontolosingmuchoftheirprovisions,theresi-dents were robbed of the very means of their liveli-hood horses, livestock, frearms, farm implements and a host of household items. Tose who continued to serve on the British side had their homes burned down.Suspectedcollaboratorswerecarriedofto confnement in the U.S.Unknown numbers died of malnutrition and dis-ease and by 1815, Essex and Kent counties were a vir-tual wasteland. Invaded at the outset and occupied for the last half of the war, they endured devastation that wasunmatchedbyanyotherpartofBritishNorth America.Althoughthesecountiescomprisedonly one-twentiethofUpperCanadianpopulation,they accounted for one-quarter of all war losses claims.On the occasion of the bicentennial of the War of 1812, this edition provides a glimmering of a strange and complex war on its forgotten theatre.Sandy Antal grew up near Leamington and gained degreesfromWestern,CarletonandTorontouniver-sities.HeretiredfromtheCanadianForcesasama-jor and turned to teaching, research and writing. His comprehensive account A Wampum Denied: Procter`s War of 1812 is recipient of the American Library As-sociation Choice Award. He also wrote Invasions and co-authored Duty nobly Done: the Ofcial History of the Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment. He now lives in Cameron, Ontario.1812: Te War that Defned Us4Take a tour of Olde Sandwich Towne 7Tecumseh Parkway honours a hero8Chief Tecumseh a visionary leader10Stamps recognize Brock, Tecumseh 15 Kreviazuk headlines Roots to Boots 16 Spirit of a Nation takes to stage18In Pursuit of the Golden Key20 Reynolds sister's art and architecture22Peter Rindlisbacher's historical art 26 Mark Williams's life-size soldiers 30Historic structures renovated32Re-enactors recreate 1812 battles 34High school murals restored36A Who's Who of the War of 181237 Tall ships to visit region this summer38 A view of the war ... from their side 40 Run for Heroes marathon set 42 African Canadians fought for freedom44 French-Canadians were a force 46

Political thriller based on 1812 47

River Canard history comes alive49

Leamington, Pelee Island celebrate 50

Singing songs of the War of 1812 52

Battle of the Tames commemorated 53

Experience First Nations life 54

Cover: Against a background of artist Peter Rindlisbacher's painting of the Amherstburg Navy Yard, Mark Dickerson wears the colours of a British soldier in his re-enactment of the Battle of the Thames. See pages 26 and 53.1812: The War ThatDened Us published June 6, 2012 and is a publication of Te Windsor Star. For more information, call 519-255-5720.Sandy Antal grew up in Leamington and has written two books about the War of 1812 and the local area. - Photo courtesy Sandy AntalBritish troops, Indians and French settlers made history on the march during the turbulent War of 1812. Now you can re-trace their steps and connect with their fascinating past during commemorative events happening throughout 2012 and into 2015. Various organizations are ready to assist and guide you. Aseverygeneralknows,agreatcampaignrequiresor-ganization and communication. Several years ago, after the federalandprovincialgovernmentsrecognizedthesignif-canceofthe1812bicentennial,Ontariowasdividedinto seven regions, each assigned a project facilitator.Kyra Knapp is the project facilitator for the South West re-gion encompassing Windsor-Essex and Chatham-Kent. She works with more than 25 groups, including Amherstburg and other municipalities, Tourism Windsor Essex Pelee Island and history enthusiasts, all hosting various events. The continu-ously updated schedule is listed online at 1812ontario.ca.When you have questions about applying for grant fund-ing or promoting an event, Im the person to come to, says Knapp. She can be contacted at 519-784-1851. Ifbusinessescangetonboard,itsagreatopportunity for them, she adds.In late May, she will make available templates of resourc-esforlocalbusinesses,includingrestaurantsandhotels wanting to be involved.There is defnite recognition of how important this area is, not only for our history but also for tourism. Knappexpectsalotofpeoplewillbevisitingthearea. Withsoldiersinuniform,artwork,tallships,genealogists, childrensactivities,periodfoodandfashionandsomuch elsetoexperience, Weencourageeveryonetocomeand explore their history. One of the highlights this summer will be Roots to Boots 1812, Amherstburgs signature event packed with activities throughout August 3 to 5. Chief Tecumseh and General Brock will be in attendance, looking right at home amidst spirited volunteers and visitors wearing period dress.Over the three days, we anticipate approximately 50,000 people, says Anne Rota, facilitator in Amherstburgs Tourism and Special Events offce. Special Windsor Transit buses and shuttles will help transport out-of-town people back in time to Amherstburg.An Amherstburg events schedule can be seen at 1812am-herstburg.com. Rota can be contacted at 519-730-1309.Were really excited in our community, says Rota. 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th th th h th hh th th ttthem, em, em, em, em, em, em, em, em em, em, em, em, em, em em, emmm, em, em em em, em em, em em em, mm s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s sss sssssssshe he he hhe hehehehe he he he hehe he he he he hhe he hhe hhhe he heee hheee he hehe heee add add add add add add add add add add dd add add add add add add add add add d dd dd add add add dd add ad ad d add d a dds. ss. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. sss. ssssssssssssss....InIInnnn InnIn In Inn In In In In Innn IInn Innn In In In Inn Inn In In IInnnnnnnn In Innnn I lat lat lat lat lat at lat la lat lat lat laat lat lat t laat t lat aat t la lat la ee M e M e M e M e M e M e M e M e MM e M e MM e M e M e M e MM e M e M e M e M e M ee M e MMMMMMM ee MM e M e M ee M e MM e M ee MMMM e MM e MM eee MMay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay ay, ay ay, ay, ay, ay, ay ay, y, ay, y, aay ay, aaay, yy aay aaaay, aa , ay, yy ssh sh sh sh sh sh sh sh sh sh sh ssh sh sh sh sh sh sh sssh sh sh sh sh sh ssh sh ssh 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sin sin ssin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin si sin sin sin sinnnn ii sin sinn s ess ess ess ess ess ess ess es ess ess ess ess ess ss ss s ss ess ess ess s ess eeees essss eess ees eees, es, es, es, es, es es, es, es, es, es es, es, es es es es ees, es, ss es, esss eess ee in in iin in in in in in in in in in in in iii clu clu clu clu clu clu clu cluu cluu clu clu clu cclu clu cluu luuuuuuudin din din din din in i din in din din din dinn din ddin din ddddin ddddddddddd gr gr ggr gr gr gr gr gr gr grr ggres es est est est est est est est esttttt est est est sttt es est est est sst est est ees essss aur aur au aur au aur aur au auur ur ur aur u auur rr auur rr aur auu auu aur ur a rrrr u aurant ant an aant ant aant ant ant ant ant nt ant nt nt ant ant ntt aaant an aaant aaaaaaant ant annt nnt n a sa sa sa sa sssa sa sa ssa sa ssa ssa ssssa ssaa sssaa s a ss a s aaa s ndnndndndndnd ndndnd nndnd nd nd nd nnd nnd nd nnnnd hot hot hot hot hot hot hot hot ot ottt hhot ot ott hott hottt 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In gardens surrounding the cluster of snug homes, fruit grew a mite fuller on the peach and apple trees. Bees gath-ered nectar from the cheerful fowers, ignoring so-cietysedicttotoilnotonSundays.Awhisperon a sudden breeze carried over the Detroit River, its secret too quiet to be overheard.It was a lovely day for an invasion. Weeksprior,onJune18,theAmericangov-ernment,underPresidentJamesMadison,had declaredwaronGreatBritain.AsBritainwasan oceanaway,thenearesttargetwithinstrategic striking distance was one of its colonies, Canada. TeAmericangovernmentsreasonsforgoing to war were varied. One motivation arose from the long, costly war between Britain and France, fought in Europe and on the high seas. Americans object-edtotheBritishRoyalNavyscustomofseizing U.S. ships ostensibly to search for deserting British sailors and then taking American seamen by force to serve in the British navy. Te British also seized goods transported on U.S. trading vessels.Terewerealsolooseendsandhardfeelings lef over from the American War of Independence fromBritain,thelossofUnitedEmpireLoyalists feeing the U.S. for Canada, and Britains refusal to recognizeBritishimmigrantslivingintheU.S.as Americans:totheBritishgovernment,theywere still British subjects. Tere were many issues that had never been re-solved, says Trevor Price, retired Professor of Po-litical Science at the University of Windsor, presi-dent of the Essex County Historical Society and an author currently writing his next book, focusing on Tecumseh, the War of 1812 and the betrayal of the indigenous peoples of North America.Te Americans werent the only people with is-sues. On the American frontier, the Indians didnt like Americans because they were always squatting ontheIndiansland,saysPrice.ShawneeChief Tecumseh was crisscrossing North America, trying to unite every tribe into a confederacy that would protectagainstthefuturesaleofallIndian-held property. Te U.S. had great ambitions, Price says.ComparedtoUpperCanadaspopulationof 77,000, by 1812, the U.S. had 7 million citizens, withmoreimmigrantspouringin.Tecountry had been aggressively claiming the west coast and Mexico.AmericanshadtheideathatCanadawasgo-ing to be easy to take, Price observes. Tis notion wasbolsteredbyformerpresidentTomasJefer-son,whoassuredtheexercisewasamerematter of marching.Fortheestimated2,500Americansoldiersun-derthecommandofBrigadierGeneralWilliam Hull,thewalkwaslong,upthroughOhioand MichigantotheDetroitRiver.SincetheBritish Royal Navy was patrolling Lake Erie, marching was safer for the cautious American general.It was a bit of a surprise to the British, I think, that the Americans frst chose to attack on the De-troit frontier, Price remarks. Tey decided to at-tack in the Western District because they thought it was very weak.Te area was populated predominantly by French families who settled there in the 1700s. Tere were alsoIndians,andfromtheU.S.,escapedblack slaves and Loyalists faithful to the Crown. Stationed atFortAmherstburg(laternamedMalden)wasa small contingent of the kings seasoned soldiers. LandinginSandwich,HulloftheNorthWest-ernArmyoftheUnitedStatescommandeered thehomeofhisprestigiousCanadianfriendand now enemy, Colonel Francois Baby. His troops cut downthefruittreesforbarricadesandfrewood and looted the area. Tat day, full of swagger, Hull circulatedhisproclamationtotheInhabitants ofCanada,promising,Youwillbeemancipated fromTyrany[sic]andoppressionandrestoredto the dignifed station of freemen.Tere was a catch: If contrary to your own in-terest, and the just expectation of my Country, you shouldtakepartintheapproachingcontest,you will be considered & treated as enemies, & the hor-rors & calamities of war will stalk before you. If the barbarous & savage policy of Great Britain be pur-sued,andthesavagesareletloosetomurderour citizens,&butcherourwomenandchildren,the war, will be a war of extermination.About 500 Canadians deserted their mandatory militia. TeAmericancommandersbravadowavered, however.Britishtroopshadretreatedstrategically to their fort in Amherstburg; Hull, waiting for his canon to arrive, was reluctant to attack.OnJuly16,hesenttroopstoreconnoitreAm-herstburg.TeyskirmishedwithtwoBritishsol-diersatRiverCanard,killingone;theAmericans captured the bridge but then withdrew.TeysetoutforAmherstburgagainonJuly 19and20butwererepelledbytheBritish.Near Turkey Creek on July 25, Indian warriors killed six American soldiers. Te casualties had begun.41812 -20121812: Te War that Defned UsRe-enactors take part in a mock War of 1812 battle at Fort Malden in this Windsor Star fle photo.Mere matter of honourU.S. invasion met ferce resistance, battled to stalemate"Americans had the idea that Canada was going to be easy to take."- Trevor Price""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnssssssssssssssssssssssss hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd ttttttttttttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeee iiiiiiiiiidddddddeeeeeaaaaaa ttttthhhhhaaattt CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaasssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg ttttttttttttttttttttttooooooooooooooooooooooooooo bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaaaaaaaasssssssyyyyyyy tttttttooooo tttaaakkkeee..""----------------- Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Tr Trr Tr Trr Tr TTTr TTr TTr Tr Tr Tr TTr TTrr Tr Tr Trr Tr Tr TTTTrrr Trrr TTTTrr Trrrrev ev ev ev ev ev ev evv ev ev ev ev eevv evv ev ev ev ev evv ev evv ev evvv ev eeeeeeeeeev eevor or oor or ooor or or or or or or or or or rrrr or orr oooor ooooooor or oooorr or PPPP PPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri rri rri rrr ce ce ce ce ce ce e cccce ccccccce ccc1812pages.indd 4 5/22/2012 5:21:03 PMNhwri Zkwi~yk2pj_ F)@2/=^Zvnen` ,^n|v^O/)I5/F C/F?7II7@2 O/)I5/F C/F?7II7@2 O/)I5/F C/F?7II7@2Bq^n ]Zy Z ^^hZl|p ]ZvhFEATURES OFFERED Junior and Beginner Lessons Clubs Available All Grass Hitting Area Chipping & Putting Green$2OFFonX-Large Bucket of BaIIsMention this ad689 Texas Rd., Amherstburg(At Verdi CIub)519-564-7602689 Texas Rd., AmherstburgJust minutes from WinJsorMemberships AvaiIabIe ProfessionaI GoIf CIub Repair & ServiceUnder NewManagementBrian J. FordOwner/ManagerESSEX COUNTY LIBRARYHonouring thestories of the pastwithhistoricalcollectionsfor the future.www.essexcountylibrary.cawindsor River Cruises is leaturinq historic rivercruises to and lrom the town ol Amherstburq aboardthe Macassa Bay, windsor's remier river boat..Burinq a icturesque three hour cruise ol the BetroitRiver, assenqerscanlearnabout thearea'sdeeconnectiontothewar 0l 1812. TheBattle ol Betroit was not only the lrst majorconlrontationolthewar,butastunninqCanadian victory, one that heled shaethe luture ol the Canada we know today.See Fiqhtinq sland, the site ol one olCanada's initial victories. Cruise bymanyotherhistorical sitesincludinqtheRiverCanard, whereBritishtroosandhativeeole stoed the American invasion, and the sceneol the lrst casualties ol the war. The boat deartstheRiverlrontFestival Fla/aatO.OOAMarrivinqinAmherstburq at noon, which was the headquartersol the Riqht Bivision ol the British Army. Altertourinqthetownandits' manyattractions,assenqers are returned to windsor by bus.Alternatively, assenqers are bussed toAmherstburq in late morninq to exlore thetown, and sail back to windsor on thealternooncruise, deartinqat 8.OOFMand arrivinq at Festival Fla/a at G.OOFM.5T9-25-9TTfor deloIIs*www.wIndsorrIvercruIses.com9om-pm$3495windsor River Cruises is leaturinq historic rivercruises to and lrom the town ol Amherstburq aboardthe Macassa Bay, windsor's remier river boat..Burinq a icturesque three hour cruise ol the BetroitRiver, assenqerscanlearnabout thearea'sdeeconnectiontothewar 0l 1812 ThetheRiverCanard, whereBritishtroosandhativeeole stoed the American invasion, and the sceneol the lrst casualties ol the war. The boat deartstheRiverlrontFestival Fla/aatO.OOAMarrivinqinAmherstburq at noon, which was the headquartersol the Riqht Bivision ol the British ArmyAlterBritishtroosandhative$$ 95H|slcr|cc|OruIselc/n|erslcurgAMEMOPALE1812 -20125Canadasforceswereunderthecommandof General Isaac Brock, a career army ofcer with ex-perience in battle and a very capable ofcer, Price says.Brockhad5,000trainedBritishtroops,plus severalthousandcivilianswhowereconscripted to serving in the militia. Tecumseh was the recog-nizedleaderofFirstNationswarriorspreparedto fght by the side of the British.Teywerebothbold,strategicleaders,Price remarks.TeU.S.hadgreaternumberstopressinto militaryservice,buttheywereinexperienced.In thebattlebetweenCanadaandtheU.S.,youhad aprofessionalarmyagainstaratheramateurish army. At the outset, luck was on Canadas side. On July 2,theCuyahoga,anAmericansupplyboatdes-tined for Detroit, carrying soldiers and Hulls battle plans, was captured on the Detroit River by a hand-fulofCanadians.Hullspaperswereforwardedto Brock, who detected a rather fearful and dejected general, says Price.Brockexploitedthepsychologicalweaknessof his enemy.As soon as war was declared, Brock had started organizing his troops. He gave permission to attack the American Fort Mackinac on Michilimackinac, an island where Lakes Huron and Michigan meet. OnJuly17,afurtraderledIndianwarriors,Brit-ishsoldiersandvoyageursonatakeovermission. TeAmericanssurrenderedwithoutafght.Hull learned of the defeat on July 29. HisdreadofIndianattackwasreinforcedon Aug. 5, when Tecumseh led an ambush against an AmericanprovisiontraininBrownstown,Michi-gan.AnotherskirmishonAug.8atMaguagafur-ther rattled Hull.With his supply lines cut, he withdrew his troops to Detroit.Meanwhile,Brockandalargemilitarycontin-gentmadetheirwaysouthtoAmherstburg,ar-riving Aug. 13. Brock was pleased to meet his ally, ChiefTecumseh.RealizingAmericantroopsfar outnumberedtheCanadianside,BrockandTe-cumsehdecidedtogoontheofensiveregardless. BrocksentamessagetoHull,callingforhissur-render. Hull refused.On Aug. 16, in boats and canoes, 550 soldiers, ci-vilian militia dressed as British troops and 600 First Nation warriors crossed the river and marched on FortDetroit.Fearingawholesalemassacrebythe Indians,Hullsurrenderedwithoutfringashot. He sent his son out with a white fag, Price says.America was humiliated. TroughoutSeptember,Indianattackson Americanfortscontinued;theU.S.captured Gananoque and British schooners. Determined to conquerCanada,AmericanforcesunderGeneral HenryHarrisoncrossedtheNiagaraRivertoat-tackQueenstonHeightsonOct.13,1812.Brock, front and centre in the counterattack, was shot and killed. British forces battled their foes for hours, ul-timately overpowering them.GeneralHenryProctertookchargeoftheCa-nadianforces.Agoodleader,hedidnthavethe boldness and charisma of Brock, Price notes.However, Procter maintained the warfare strat-egyofBritishregularsmarchingformallines,fr-ingastheyadvanced.Indianwarriorsslipped 'Bold leaders'British General Isaac Brock (left) and Chief Tecumseh were two bold, heroic leaders who died in battle during the War of 1812: Brock in Queenston Heights on Oct. 13, 1812 and Tecumseh in the Battle of Moraviantown (or Thames) on Oct. 5, 1813.Canadian historian Pierre Berton wrote in his 1980 book The American Invasion of Canada that Brock was "the frst Canadian war hero" after his death in the Battle of Queenston Heights.As for Tecumseh, Berton wrote in his 1981 book Flames Across the Border: "Elusive in life,Tecumseh remains invisible in death....His followers have spirited him away to a spot where no stranger, be he British or American, will ever fnd him his earthly clay, like his own forlorn hope, buried forever in a secret grave."HEROES OF THE WAR OF 18121812pages.indd 5 5/22/2012 5:21:07 PMthrough the woods and swamp to fank Americans from the side and back.Teelementofsurpriseandthevigourof guerillaattackwereveryofsetting,especiallyto American militia used to shooting deer, not men, Pricesays.TeAmericansofenfedwhenthe fghting got heavy. AmericansgatheredinFrenchtown,Michi-ganontheRiverRaisintoprotectthesettlement against a rumoured British attack. Canadian forces and Indian allies struck on Jan. 22, 1813, capturing or killing Americans.Troughout 1813, territory was won and lost for bothsidesfghtingonlandandwater.U.S.troops burned York, the capital of Upper Canada, on April 27. Tey captured the ammunition supply intended for Fort Amherstburg.Inthespringof1813,theBritishlaunchedan-otherfghtfromAmherstburg.Tecumsehand 1,200Indians,900Britishregularsandmilitiaat-tacked Fort Meigs in Ohio, taking and killing pris-onersbutnotwinningthefort.Canadianallied forces tried again in July, without success.LakeEriewasthesceneofmanytensions.On Sept.10,theBritishfeetfacedofagainstthe American feet.TewindwasmorefavourabletotheAmeri-cans and they blasted the British ship. Te British surrendered. Tat was a key victory, Price says.BytheendofSeptember,Procterwasorga-nizingaretreatofFortAmherstburg.American troopsdoggedthedepartingsoldiersdestinedfor Burlington.AferTecumsehsmovingspeechask-ing the British to not abandon his warriors, the In-dians helped cover the British retreat, fghting the advancing Americans outnumbering the Canadian side 3 to 1.Agame-changingconfrontationoccurredat Moraviantown,whereAmericanskilledorcap-tured 600 British soldiers on Oct. 5, 1813. Te great Chief Tecumseh was among the dead.Te loss of Tecumseh meant Indian strength in the war really went down, Price says.Te Battle of the Tames gave the U.S. control of southwestern Ontario for the remainder of the war. Battlesensued.Atthebeginningof1814, America was going broke, says Price.BothAmericanandBritishsoldierssufering deprivationcrossedsidestogetpaid.Farmersin theCanadianmilitiareturnedhometotendtheir felds.MarchingAmericansburnedCanadian farms and crops, starving civilians and fghters.TatturnedmanypeopleofAmericanorigin back onto the British side, Price says.Settling an old score, the British burned Wash-ington and its White House on Aug. 24, 1814. Fol-lowing battles indicated a stalemate.On Christmas Eve, representatives of the British andAmericangovernmentssignedtheTreatyof Ghent: Tere shall be a frm and universal peace betweenHisBritannicMajestyandtheUnited States, and between their respective countries, ter-ritories, cities, towns, and people, of every degree, without exception of places or persons. All hostili-ties, both by sea and land, shall cease as soon as this treaty shall have been ratifed by both parties.War was fnally over. Unfortunately,skirmishescontinuedtillFeb-ruary,whennewsofthepeacetreatysratifcation reachedcombatantsinthefeld.OnJan.8,1815, theBritishattackedamuchsmallercontingentof Americans, who repelled the invaders handily.Tere the British got a drubbing, Price says.Telastbattlegavewar-wearyAmericansnew confdence as a nation. So who won the war?One of the Americans major objectives was to capture Canada, says Price. Te Americans didnt win any territory and the British didnt win any ter-ritory. Id say it was a draw. British Governor General Prevost and Generals BrockandDrummondallpromisedtheFirstNa-tionspeopletheywouldgettheirAmericanlands back afer war was over. Te British were not able to deliver on that one, Price says. Te British never got a bufer state; the Ameri-cansnevergotCanada.TeIndianswerethelos-ers, he concludes.It was not a seminal war in shaping the U.S. but it was certainly a seminal war in shaping Canada, he believes.Beforethewar,therewasnotreallyaCanada. TerewasntmuchvisiblediferencebetweenCa-nadiansandAmericans,politicallyorphilosophi-cally. Te war demarcated us from Americans and began to give us a national consciousness.Anattitudeoftoleranceofdiversitybeganto emergeinCanada.Pricerefects,Ourmottobe-came Peace, Order and Good Government. Teirs was Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.Over time, I think the Americans forgot about the war. I think we cant forget because it was a stel-lar moment in shaping our country. Itwouldbepleasanttothinkthatconfictsbe-tweentheneighbouringcountriesendedin1815 but that did not prove the case. Price refers to a dis-pute regarding the border between British Colum-biaandOregonthatwassettledbytreatyin1846, establishingtheboundaryatthe49thParallel;and the Americans delayed involvement in both World Wars I and II.Inthemodernera,Wehaveproblemsallthe time about trade, Price adds. Anyserioushistorianisnevergoingtosay there has been 200 years of unbroken peace on an undefended border.61812 -2012Who won the war?Refections, as this photograph-ic portrait is called, is a collec-tion of historic artifacts that can be found in Amherstburg, one of the most important areas of battle during the War of 1812. - Anne Rota: Special to The Star1812pages.indd 6 5/22/2012 5:21:11 PMI had no idea of the history attached to places I pass by regularly. Tats the common reaction of people to local teacher and history enthusiast Dan LonckesguidedwalkingtourofOldeSandwich Towne and the accompanying lecture series.Te oldest continuously inhabited settlement east of Montreal was a key area during the War of 1812.TeDetroitRiverFrontierishometosome signifcant events, says Loncke. Tere on July 12, 1812 was the frst time the United States invaded a foreign country.Te frst casualties of the war oc-curred there for the British at the River Canard and for the Americans near Turkey Creek. Tis was also where the frst looting and burn-ing of private property took place.And August 16, 1812 marked a disastrous day in American history whenAmericanterritory,DetroitandMichigan Territory, was surrendered to a foreign army.Loncke tours are consistently sold out. Te frst dates were held April 27-29 with an overfow date of Sept. 21-22.TeApril28tourfollowedaFridayevening lectureatMackenzieHallwhichemphasizesthe events of the summer of 1812 and autumn of 1813 that took place along the Upper Canadian shore of the Detroit River.Armed with information from the lecture, par-ticipants take a short walk through historical Sand-wich and have lunch in one of the houses that sur-vived the War of 1812.Ten boarding a bus, they visitthesitescoveredinthelecturefromtheeast side of Windsor to the south side of Amherstburg. LearningaboutthemajorfguresoftheWar of1812,likeBrockandTecumseh,isfascinating, butdiscoveringtheinvolvementoflocalplaces and people in these nation-building events is won-derful, Loncke says.Reading and hearing about history cannot compete with the special feeling of standing on the ground where important historical events took place.Privategrouptoursareavailableforseparate bookings as well as the Sept. 21-22 dates. For more information or to book a tour phone 519-255-7600.Dan Loncke leads a guided tour of Olde Sandwich Towne.1812 -20127Olde Sandwich TowneTour history1812pages.indd 7 5/22/2012 5:21:13 PM81812 -2012Tecumseh Parkway AtributetoagreatwarriorandlastingCana-dian hero stands along on a winding road in rural Ontario.Itsfaceismarredbysignsofneglect,a few incidences of vandalism, and it serves as a poi-gnant reminder of heritage sites that have fallen by the wayside.TecurrentTecumsehmonumentissituated onLongwoodsRdjusteastofTamesville.Te dedicatedvolunteersworkingfortheTecumseh re-development project, spearheaded by Friends of theTecumsehMonument,haveworkedtirelessly to ensure that the legacy of the monument will be transformed into a site worthy of its namesake.SituatedontheedgeofthesiteoftheBattleof theTameswhereShawneeChiefTecumsehwas killedinbattle,theproposedareawillbetrans-formed from the two small and easily missed mon-umentsstandingtheretodaytoanopenairmu-seumwhichwillencompassthewholeeight-acre site, and which will interpret the story of the Battle of the Tames and its afermath, from the perspec-tive of all of its participants and witnesses.Te park plans to host a boat-shaped river look-out, historical interpretation panels, a new monu-menttoTecumseh,aswellasanothertoallthe participants. Tere will also be space for quiet re-fection on the sacrifces made in the course of the Warof1812andthefollowing200yearsofpeace between nations. Te re-development is expected to cost approxi-mately $4.2 million. Weareinfullfundraisingmode,saysLisa Gilbert, chair ofFriends of Tecumseh Monument. We hope to see donors come forward who have a real passion for the legacy of Chief Tecumseh, for the invaluable participation of First Nations in the War of 1812, and for keeping our local history vi-brant for years to come.Tecommitteesfundraisingplatformranges from as little as $10 up to $100,000 and donors can receiveamyriadofbenefts,rangingfromtaxre-ceiptsandcertifcatesofappreciation,toawallof sponsors at the monument site itself. Formoreinformationonhowtobecomeapart of this project, visit the committees newly launched website, at tecumsehmonument.caTheres an app for that has become almost com-mon prose amongst tech-savvy consumers that drive todays popular culture. But it doesnt just apply to present-day popular culture. Longstanding local history is also benefting from technology.The regions rich War of 1812 history has been virtually transformed with the help of a group of history buffs and technologically literate students of the University of Western Ontarios Master of Arts program in Public History. They have developed a smart phone app for the war.Digital media is the here and now for teaching and learning about the past, says Dr. Michael Dove, acting director at the schools department of history. The smart phone app will make The War of 1812 accessible to audiences like never before.It offers something for everyone, from the casual tourist to the specialist historian. Dove, who has acted as a faculty supervisor for the project, shows great pride in not only the quality of his students work but also the way that this project has strengthened the bond between the local community and historical research.This is a remarkable opportunity for our students and for our MA Public History program at Western, he says. Students have been able to practice history outside of the classroom and thereby realize the aims of public history; that is embracing community collabora-tion, civic engagement, and reciprocal learning.Such close working relationships between the university and the extraordinary War of 1812 heritage community of individuals and institutions in place across the south-west region of Ontario provides a valuable model for future partnerships. The app follows Route 1812 and The Tecumseh Parkway, historic driving routes throughout southwest Ontario that show you the sites, stories and sounds of the War of 1812. Mined from an extensive array of archival materials, this smart phone app combines thorough research and spectacular images, such as the captivating paintings by Windsor artist Peter Rindlis-bacher, to give people an in-depth sense of this chapter of the War.It not only enhances our understanding of those more well-known 1812 sites and events, such as Am-herstburg and The Battle of the Thames, but also sheds much light on lesser-known stories from the war such as the legendary heroine of Londons Reservoir Hill, Mrs. McNames, the so-called Laura Secord of London.The app has also beneftted from its connection to the development of the Tecumseh Parkway, currently running through the Chatham-Kent region and focusing on Chathams historical 1812 connection. The parkway has recently received several grants, including one from the Heritage Canada 1812 fund and also the Ontario Trillium Foundation for the development of Peace Gardens along the parkway, which will be planted and maintained by the Kent Military Re-Enactment Society. The app will be launched early summer 2012 and marks the offcial kick-off of the regions 1812 events.The War of 1812 app is free and can be searched or downloaded from QR codes on interpretive signage along the route.Artists renderings show the proposed new eight-acre site of the Tecumseh Parkway, a $4.2-million project to be located near the site where the great Shawnee Chief Tecumseh was killed in The Battle of the Thames - Photos courtesy Municipality of Chatham-Kent1812 APP AVAILABLEThe existing monument to Tecumseh near Thamesville has fallen victim to neglect and vandalism.Honouring theChiefTh Th Th Th Th Th Th Th Th Thh Th Th Th Th Th Th Th Th Th Thh Th TTTh Thh Thh T ere ere ere ere ere ere ere ere ere ere ere ere ere ere ere ere eere ere eree ere ere ere ere ere ere ere eeee e e s s ss s sssss sssss ss s s s s sssssss ananananann anan n anan an an n an n an an aaaan aann anaaaaan aaaaaaan app app ap app ap app app pp ap ap pp app app app app ap app ap pp app aaappppp aaapp pp pp ppp pppfo fo fo fo ffo fo fo fo foo fo fo ffo fo fo fo fo for t r t r t r t r t r t r tt rr t r t rr t rrrr ha hat hat hat hat hat hat hat hh tt ha hha hat aa ha aa ha hat at h h h h h h hh hh has asasasas sassasss bec bec bec bec be bec becc be eecom ome ome ome ome ome ome al aal al al almos mos mo mos mm t c t com om-mon mon mon mon mon mon mon mo mon mon mon mon mon mon mon nn mon mon mon mon mon nn mon mo monn mon mmoon on mon o mon mooon n on mon mon mmon monn pr pr pr pr pr pr pr pr pr pr pr pr pr pr pr pr rr pr prrrr pr pr rr p pr pr prrr pr rrr pr rr pppp ose os ose os ose ose ose ose ose os ose ose ose ose ose oseee ose os ose os oseeee ooosee os oooooosee oose ooo e osse s os os os oo e osee oseee am am am am am am am am am am am am am am am am am am am am am am a am am aammmm amm amm a ong on on on ong ong ong ong ong ng ong ong ong ong ng on onng ong ng ng oong nnng ng ong ong ng ng ng on onng o gstststst st st st stst stst ststst sst stt ssssst st ssss tec tec tec tec tec tec tec tec tec ec ttec tttec tec te tec tec tec ttecccccc teccc e hh-s h-s h-s hh-s h-s h-s h-s hh-s s h s -s h-s h s s h-s s h avv av avv avv avv avv avv vvv avv avv aa vy c y c y c y c y c y c y c yy c y ccons ons ons ons ons ons ons nn ume uume um ume me ume uumers rsrsrsrsrs rs tha th tha tha tha t t d t d t d t riv rivee ttod tod tod tod tod tod to tod tod tod ttod tod d tod tod tod tod d tod tod od tod ttod ttod odd to odd o ay ay ay aay ay ay ay ay ay y ay aaay ay ay ay ay ay y ay ay ay aay aaaay y ayy s p s p s p s p s p ss p s p s p s ppp s p s p s ppp s p s ppp s p s p s ppp s p s p s ppp sss p ss ppp s opu opu op opu opu op op op op op op opu op opu opu opu opu pu opu pu pu op op op opu opu opu opu pu u opp opuuu opu opu p opu opuuuu opppu opuuu opuuu pu u puuu p lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar ar lar lar ar lar lar la lar la ar lllllla arrr cu cu cu cu cu cu cu cu cu cu cu cu cu cu cu cu cu ccu ccu cuu cultu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltu ltuu lll uuurre re. re. rre re re. re. rrree. e re. re. rBu Bu Bu Bu Bu Bu Bu Bu Bu BBu BBu Buut i t i t i t i t i t i t i tttt i t i tt it d t d t d t d t dd t d t d tt dd t oes oes oes oes oes oes oooe nt nt nt nt nt ntt nju ju ju ju justst ststt st app ap app app app a lylylyy ly to totopre pre pre pre pre pre pre re pre re pre pre pre re pre pre pre pre pre r pre ee pre re pre re re reeee pre eesen ssen ssen sen sen sen sen sen sen sen sen e sen sen sen sen sen sen ssen ssen en sen en s n sen ss nn s n ennnt-d t-d t-d t-d t-d -d t-d t-d t-d -d dd -d t-d -d t-d t-d -d -d t-d t-d tt-d -d d -d -d d t d tt- tt-d ttt- t-d tttt dddd tttt d ttttt-d -ddayayayayayay ay ay ayay ayayayy ayyy ay aay ayayayy ayy ay ay aayyyyyy pop po pop pop pop pop pop op pop pop pop pop op pop po op pop ppo pop ppo op pop pop pop o p p ppop p pula ula ula ula ula ula ula ula ula ula ula ula ula ula ula uula ula la l ula ula l ula uu aar c r c r c r c r c r c r c r c rrr c rrr cult ult ult ult ult ult ult ultt ult ultt ult ulture ure ure ure re ure ure ure re re ure ure. 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