18.1 CAUSES OF AMERICAN IMPERIALISM

18.1CAUSES OF AMERICAN IMPERIALISM

Objectives:1. Summarize the causes and effects of European and Asian imperialism2. Identify factors that influenced American imperialism3. Explain how the United States acquired Hawaii

Global Imperialism•Many Americans believed that the U.S. should be involved in Imperialism European Imperialism

European nations had been distributing control of Africa

Only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent

Britain also became involved in Asia and the Pacific

“The sun never sets on the British Empire.”

Asian Imperialism

Japan began to attempt to imperialize China

America also tried to seek trade opportunities in China

American Imperialism Three factors that pushed American Imperialism

1. Economic competition with industrial nations 2. Political and military competition, including strong navy 3. Belief in racial and cultural superiority of Anglo-Saxons

American needed to gain a favorable balance of trade (exports > imports). 1865: exported $234 million 1900: exported $1.5 billion

“Fate has written our policy for us; the trade of the world must and shall be ours…We will establish trading posts throughout the world as distributing-points for American products…Great colonies governing themselves, flying our flag and trading with us, will grow about our posts of trade.”

Albert Beveridge

American ImperialismMilitary Strength

Alfred T. Mahan President of Naval War College Outspoken advocate of

American military expansion Peacetime trading lanes Bases for refuel Panama Canal

Anglo-Saxon Superiority

Social Darwinism

Spread Christianity and civilization

Anti-Imperialism Objected on moral and

practical grounds Those who deny freedom

to others deserve it not for themselves, ...(Twain)

Territories needed U.S. constitutional protections

Not worth the costs of maintaining military strength

Another Shotgun Wedding

Description: A woman (Hawai'i) and Uncle Sam are getting married, kneeling before the minister (McKinley) who is reading from a book entitled "Annexation Policy". The bride seems ready to bolt. Behind the couple stands Morgan with a shotgun.

http://library.kcc.hawaii.edu/~soma/cartoons/

The United States Takes Hawaii A stop between China and East India

By mid 19th century, Americans had sugar plantations throughout

Foreign workers outnumbered Hawaiians 4:1!

HOW DID AMERICA SLOWLY GAIN POWER? U.S. could get sugar with no tax White landowners were only voters Built a naval base in Pearl Harbor

What was the McKinley Tariff and how did it effect Hawaiians?

In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani tried to restore voting power to Natives

U.S. ambassador John L. Stevens and Americans protested and invaded Hawaii

Imprisoned the queen Took over the government Sanford B. Dole became

president of the provisional government

Pres. Cleveland recognized the Republic of Hawaii

1898 – Hawaii became a U.S. territory

TERMS

Queen Liliuokalani

Imperialism

Alfred t. Mahan

Sanford B. Dole

Objectives:1. Summarize the causes and effects of European and Asian imperialism2. Identify factors that influenced American imperialism3. Explain how the United States acquired Hawaii