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For the purposes of analyzing enclosure characteristics, we shall include
in this discussion any surface on a building which has a horizontalcomponent, including:
shallow or steeply sloped roofs
nominally flatroofs
balconies, over habitable space or not
roof decks
overhangs
projections
terraces at grade over below-grade structures
Examples include Examples include
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T L: . '
T L: . '
T . ' '
T L: . '
T . '
T . '
T . ' '
T . ' '
T . '
SWIMMINGPOOL
MECHANICAL
MECH
PLANTER
PLANTER
POOL TERRACE
ROOF TERRACE
Examples include
Steep slopesslopes steeper than 1:4 shingling
approachShallow slopesslopes between 1:4 and 1:25
Nominally flatslopes shallower than 1:25
pondingapproach
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Wood shakes
& shingles
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stone (slate)
tiles (clay, terra cotta, concrete)
hand-split wood shakes
shingles (wood, sheet metal,asphalt, glass fibre-reinforced)
sheet material (roll roofing,asbestos cement corrugated sheet,
corrugated metal sheet)
Like the concept ofshingling itself,flashings make use of the force ofgravity to ensure control of water.
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STEP 5A
STEP 5B
Install window head flashingc/w end dams over window flange
Lap next layer of building paperover window flashing & continueup wall above window in similarmanner
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Typical materials used as flashing include:
Sheet metal
- lead
- copper- galvanized steel
- terne metal (lead or zinc-coated steel)
- stainless steel
- aluminum
Flexible membranes
- self-adhesive membrane (SAM, peel-and-stick, etc.)
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3636
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cavity-insulated roof
1. membrane2. sheathing
3. insulation
1. membrane
2. insulation
3. sheathing
1. insulation
2. membrane
3. sheathing
exterior-insulated roof
traditionalexposed membrane
protected membrane(PM) or invertedroof
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1. membrane (can be shingles
or membrane)
2. sheathing (often comprised
of plywood if light wood
frame construction)
3. insulation (can be fibreglass batt,since protected from the weather)
Ventilation required Ventilation required
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Ventilation required
1. membrane
3. sheathing (sub-structure comprisedof any construction type)
2. insulation (must berigid insulation tosupport loads)
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2. membrane
3. sheathing (sub-structure comprisedof any construction type)
1. insulation (must be rigid insulation
to support loads & able to
withstand exposure to water)
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rigid insulation being mechanically
fastened over membrane
concrete pavers over rigid insulation on
protected membrane
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Traditional Built-up Roof
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1) fully adhering
2) mechanically fastening
1) fully adhering
2) mechanically fastening
3) ballasting
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Roof drainage Roof drainage
Area drained by upper roof:
40 m x 18 m = 720 m2
Area drained by lower roof:
(10 m x 40 m) + (8 m x 40 m) = 400 m2 + 160 m2 = 560 m2
Given the following roof
configurations, each drainedby two rainwater leaders(RWLs) UPPER
ROOF
LOWER
ROOF
RWL 1
RWL 3
RWL 4
RWL 2
10m
18m
40m
8m
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-De
-sign Data
-for Sel
Table - ected Loc
C-2ations in-
British Col-
umbia-
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L oc at io n E le v. , De si gn T e p er at ur e D eg re e- 1 5 O ne D ay A nn . M oi st . A nn ua l D ri vi ng
Snow LL oa d, H ou rl y Wi nd Seismic Data(1)m January July 2..5%
-Days
Below
Min.Rain,
Rain,1/50,
Rain,mm
I nd ex T ot alPrecip,
RainWind
kP1/
a,50
Pres
kP
suresa
2.5% C 1% C Dry C Wet C
-
18C
mm
mm mm
Press.Pa, 1/5
Ss Sr 1/10 1/50 Sa(0.2) S a(0.5) S a(1.0) Sa(2.0) P GA
100 Mile House 1040 -28 -31 30 18 5150 10 48 300 0 .44 425 60 2. 6 0.3 0.30 0.39 0. 28 0.17 0.11 0 .063 0.14
Abbotsford 10 -10 -11 29 20 3100 10 112 1525 1.59 1600 160 2. 0 0.3 0.42 0.62 0. 92 0.62 0.31 0.17 0 .45
Agassiz 15 -13 -15 31 20 2950 8 128 1650 1.71 1700 160 2.4 0.7 0.57 0.75 0.67 0.50 0.29 0.16 0.32
Alberni 12 -5 -7 31 18 3400 10 144 1900 2.00 2000 220 3.0 0.4 0.47 0.63 0.75 0.55 0.30 0.16 0.35
Ashcroft 305 -25 -28 34 20 3700 10 37 250 0.25 300 80 1. 7 0.1 0.28 0.38 0. 33 0.26 0.16 0 .093 0.16
Beatton River 840 -37 -39 25 18 6700 13 64 330 0 .53 450 80 3. 3 0.1 0.22 0.30 0. 12 0 .056 0.023 0.014 0. 059
Burns Lake 755 -30 -33 25 17 5500 10 54 300 0 .56 450 100 3. 4 0.2 0.30 0.39 0. 12 0 .062 0.043 0.028 0. 059
Cache Creek 455 -25 -28 34 20 3700 10 37 250 0.25 300 80 1. 7 0.2 0.29 0.39 0. 33 0.25 0.16 0 .091 0.16
Campbell River 20 -7 -9 26 18 3400 10 123 1500 1.59 1600 260 3. 3 0.4 0.46 0.64 0. 62 0.46 0.28 0.15 0 .28
Carmi 845 -24 -26 33 20 4900 10 64 325 0 .38 550 60 3. 9 0.2 0.24 0.38 0. 28 0.17 0 .090 0.053 0.14
Castlegar 430 -19 -22 32 20 3700 10 54 560 0 .64 700 60 4. 2 0.1 0.23 0.34 0. 27 0.16 0 .081 0.045 0.14
Chetwynd 605 -35 -38 27 18 5800 15 75 400 0 .58 625 60 2. 4 0.2 0.32 0.40 0. 24 0.14 0 .064 0.035 0.12
Chilliwack 10 -12 -13 30 20 2950 8 139 1625 1.68 1700 160 2. 2 0.3 0.48 0.72 0. 73 0.51 0.29 0.16 0 .35
Comox 15 -7 -9 27 18 3150 10 112 1175 1.28 1200 260 2.6 0.4 0.45 0.65 0.66 0 .49 0 .28 0.16 0.30
Co urtenay 10 -7 -9 28 18 3150 10 112 1400 1.49 1450 260 2. 6 0.4 0.45 0.65 0. 65 0 .48 0 .28 0.16 0 .30
Cranbrook 910 -27 -30 32 19 4650 10 59 275 0 .30 400 100 3. 0 0.2 0.22 0.33 0. 27 0.16 0 .080 0.045 0.14
Crescent Valley 585 -20 -23 31 19 3900 10 54 675 0 .75 850 80 4. 2 0.1 0.22 0.33 0. 27 0.16 0 .081 0.045 0.14
Crofton 5 -6 -8 28 18 3150 8 86 925 1.06 950 160 1.8 0.2 0.48 0.63 1.1 0.74 0 .37 0 .18 0.54
Dawson Creek 665 -36 -39 27 18 6050 18 80 325 0 .49 475 100 2. 5 0.2 0.31 0.40 0. 12 0 .070 0.035 0.021 0. 063
Dog Creek 450 -28 -30 29 18 5200 10 48 275 0 .41 375 100 1. 8 0.2 0.31 0.40 0. 32 0.25 0.15 0 .088 0.16
Duncan 10 -6 -8 29 18 3150 8 107 1000 1.13 1050 180 1.8 0.4 0.48 0.63 1.1 0.74 0.37 0.18 0 .54
Elko 1065 -28 -31 29 19 4800 13 64 440 0 .48 650 100 3. 6 0.2 0.27 0.42 0. 27 0.16 0 .080 0.045 0.14
Fernie 1010 -29 -32 29 19 4800 13 118 860 0 .88 1175 100 4. 5 0.2 0.33 0.48 0. 27 0.16 0.078 0 .044 0 .14
Fort Nelson 465 -40 -42 28 18 7000 13 70 325 0 .56 450 80 2. 4 0.1 0.21 0.28 0. 12 0 .056 0.034 0.022 0. 059
F or t St . J oh n 68 5 - 36 - 38 2 6 1 8 6 000 1 5 8 0 3 20 0 .5 0 475 1 00 2. 8 0. 1 0. 31 0. 39 0. 12 0 .0 61 0. 032 0 .0 19 0. 059
Glacier 1145 - 27 -30 27 17 6000 10 70 625 0.83 1500 80 9. 4 0.2 0.24 0.32 0. 27 0.16 0 .078 0.044 0.14
Golden 790 -28 -31 29 17 4900 8 59 325 0 .57 500 100 3. 7 0.2 0.27 0.35 0. 26 0.16 0 .075 0.041 0.13
Grand Forks 565 -20 -22 35 20 3950 10 48 390 0 .47 475 80 2. 8 0.1 0.26 0.41 0. 27 0.17 0 .083 0.047 0.14
Greenwood 745 -20 -22 35 20 4500 10 64 430 0 .51 550 80 4. 0 0.1 0.29 0.44 0. 27 0.17 0 .085 0.049 0.14
Hope 40 -16 -18 32 20 3100 8 139 1825 1.88 1900 140 2. 8 0.7 0.41 0.63 0. 63 0.47 0.28 0.15 0 .29
Kamloops 355 -25 -28 34 20 3650 13 48 225 0.23 275 80 1. 8 0.2 0.30 0.40 0. 28 0.17 0.10 0 .061 0.14
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Roof drainage
National Building Code of Canada Climate Data
D sign Data for SelTable
cted LoC-2
cations
Location Elev., D sign Te peratur Degree- 15 One Day Ann. Moist. Annuam Jan ary July 2.5% Days
Below
Min.
Rain,
Rain,
1/50,
Rain,
mm
Index Total
Precip
2 .5% C 1% C D ry C W et C 18C
mm
mm mm
100 Mile House 1040 -28 -31 30 18 5150 10 48 300 0.44 425
Abbotsford 10 -10 -11 29 20 3100 10 112 1525 1.59 1600
Agassiz 15 -13 -15 31 20 2950 8 128 1650 1.71 1700
Alberni 12 -5 -7 31 18 3400 10 144 1900 2.00 2000
Ashcroft 305 -25 -28 34 20 3700 10 37 250 0.25 300
Beatton River 840 -37 -39 25 18 6700 13 64 330 0.53 450
Burns Lake 755 -30 -33 25 17 5500 10 54 300 0.56 450
Cache Creek 455 -25 -28 34 20 3700 10 37 250 0.25 300
Campbell River 20 -7 -9 26 18 3400 10 123 1500 1.59 1600
Carmi 845 -24 -26 33 20 4900 10 64 325 0.38 550
Castlegar 430 -19 -22 32 20 3700 10 54 560 0.64 700
Chetwynd 605 -35 -38 27 18 5800 15 75 400 0.58 625
Chilliwack 10 -12 -13 30 20 2950 8 139 1625 1.68 1700
Comox 15 -7 -9 27 18 3150 10 112 1175 1.28 1200
Courtenay 10 -7 -9 28 18 3150 10 112 1400 1.49 1450
Cranbrook - - .
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Roof drainage
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Roof drainage
With a 15 minute maximum rainfall in Castlegar of 10 mm,
the hydraulic loads are calculated as follows:
Lower roof:560 m2 x 10 mm = 5,600 litres
two 3 diameter RWLs
two 2- diameter RWLs
Upper roof:720 m2 x 10 mm = 7,200 litres
