18 Phylogeny Classification. Aquatic demes Variations in morphology between populations of Cichlasoma minckleyi.

18

Phylogeny Classification

Aquatic demes

Variations in morphology between populations of Cichlasoma minckleyi

Variations in morphology between populations of Cichlasoma minckleyi

papilliform morph

Variations in morphology between populations of Cichlasoma minckleyi

molariform morph

Clinal variation: isophene map of Coluber constrictor (racer)

Clinal variation: Coluber constrictor (racer)

Clinal variation: isophene map of Asclepias tuberosa (milkweed)

Clinal variation: Asclepias tuberosa (milkweed)

Altitudinal cline in height of the herb Achillea lanulosa

Two subspecies of Canada goose (Branta canadensis)

Discordant geographic variation in six characters of Coluber constrictor

Grand Canyon squirrels:

Model of geographic speciation

Mating seasons at Ithaca, New York, for five species of frogs

A male fiddler crab (Uca)

Scotch broom (Cytisum scoparius) pollination by a bumble bee

Evening primrose (Oenothera)

Speciation through a developmental mutation?

Sympatric speciation in treehoppers

Galapagos Islands…oceanic islands of Ecuador

Galapagos Islands

Model of speciation on the Galapagos Islands

Darwin’s finches

Beak Sizes of ground finches

A tool-using finch

Beak differences in Hawaiian honeycreepers

Competition and extinction in Paramecium

Gradualism vs Punctuated Equilibrium

Species from the Burgess shale: Polychaete worm and Chordate

Species from the Burgess shale: Arthropods

Species from the Burgess shale: Arthropods

Flower and fruits of apomictic organism: Taraxacum officinale

“Zygote” is from fusion of maternal haploids or from diploid

A phylogenetic tree for Darwin’s finches

Presumed evolution of horses:

Patterns of evolution

Marsupials are convergent with placentals of other continents:Marsupial mouse: Sminthopsis dolichura

Marsupials are convergent with placentals of other continents:Marsupial glider: Petauroides volans

Marsupials are convergent with placentals of other continents:Marsupial tiger cat: Dasyurus maculatus

Marsupials are convergent with placentals of other continents:Cuscus: Phalanger maculatus

Construction of evolutionary trees from phenetic data

An example of cladistic analysis

Cladistic analysis of the phylogeny of higher vertebrates

Alternative generic groupings for four related species

Measuring beak length

Measuring beak width

Measuring beak height

Beak depth of parents and offspring

Individuals with particular beak depths

Intrinsic isolating mechanisms

Classification Hierarchies

Classification of six species

Classification of six species