1750 – 133 BCE. I. Geography Multi-Flow Map Geography of Greece Short mountain ranges cut up the mainland No important rivers Long, irregular coastline.

1750 – 133 1750 – 133 BCEBCE

I. Geography Multi-Flow Map I. Geography Multi-Flow Map

Geography of Greece

Short mountain ranges cut up the mainland

No important rivers

Long, irregular coastline

Little unity

Encouraged fishing and

trade

Phoenician alphabet spread

Separate city states

Surrounded by sea

II. Early GreeksII. Early Greeks

Developed on the island of CreteDeveloped on the island of Crete

Economy based on TRADEEconomy based on TRADE

Ruins of the Palace of King Minos at Knossos

Around this vase are hoplites (foot soldiers) on dolphins, showing the importance of seas

A. The MinoansA. The Minoans

the Palace of King Minos at Knossos

B. The MyceneansB. The Myceneans

Conquered Greece and Crete Conquered Greece and Crete

Dominated Aegean tradeDominated Aegean trade

(MY SUH NEE UNZ)(MY SUH NEE UNZ)

The mask of Agamemnon comes from a grave that dates from around 1600 BCE. Myceneans sometimes put gold masks over significant peoples’ faces.

1. The Trojan War (1250 BCE)1. The Trojan War (1250 BCE)

War over trade between Greeks and TroyWar over trade between Greeks and Troy

Legend: War over a girl! (Helen)Legend: War over a girl! (Helen)

– Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Helen, wife of a Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Helen, wife of a Greek king and most beautiful woman on Earth Greek king and most beautiful woman on Earth

– Greeks went to get her back and left the “Trojan Greeks went to get her back and left the “Trojan Horse” filled with hidden warriorsHorse” filled with hidden warriors

– Trojan brought it in and Greeks burned the city.Trojan brought it in and Greeks burned the city.

2. Homer2. Homer

He was a blind poetHe was a blind poet

He wrote He wrote The The IIliadliad

AND AND The OdysseyThe Odyssey

No! Not THAT Homer!

3. Changes in Warfare3. Changes in WarfareBronze weapons replaced by ironBronze weapons replaced by iron

Phalanx-Phalanx- a massive formation of heavily a massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiersarmed foot soldiers

Mrs. Agosta’s dad when he was 8 dressed in a traditional Greek uniform.

III. The PolisIII. The Polis

A city-state A city-state

AcropolisAcropolis- -

high part of thehigh part of the

city w/ temples city w/ temples

Athens

A. AthensA. AthensDemocracy- rule by the people

Limited democracyLimited democracy- only male landowners could vote- only male landowners could vote

Had a Had a LegislatureLegislature- lawmaking body- lawmaking body

Direct democracy-Direct democracy- citizens directly vote on issues citizens directly vote on issues

B. SpartaB. Sparta

Military stateMilitary state

MonarchyMonarchy: :

rule by king rule by king

Sparta

Boys Boys began military training at age 7began military training at age 7

GirlsGirls encouraged to exercise to produce encouraged to exercise to produce healthy sons healthy sons

Sick kids were abandonedSick kids were abandoned

C. Other City StatesC. Other City States

Corinth Corinth

DelphiDelphi

IV. Greek ReligionIV. Greek Religion

PolytheisticPolytheistic

Gods and goddesses lived on Mount OlympusGods and goddesses lived on Mount Olympus

Zeus was head of the godsZeus was head of the gods

490 BCE490 BCE

The Greeks beat The Greeks beat the Persians at the Persians at Marathon & sent a Marathon & sent a man back 26.2 man back 26.2 miles to Athens to miles to Athens to tell of the victory tell of the victory

Asia Minor

V. ConflictsV. Conflicts A. Persian WarsA. Persian Wars

Ten years later the Greeks unified to defeat Ten years later the Greeks unified to defeat Persians again. Persians again.

B. Peloponnesian WarB. Peloponnesian War431 BCE 431 BCE

Delian LeagueDelian League (Athens & its (Athens & its allies) vs. the allies) vs. the Peloponnesian Peloponnesian LeagueLeague (Sparta and its allies) (Sparta and its allies)

Persians helped Sparta Persians helped Sparta defeat Athens defeat Athens