TURNING POINTS IN THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIV (1643-1715) 1648-53: The Fronde 1661: The King declares on the death of Cardinal Mazarin that he will henceforth be his own chief minister 1672-78: Franco-Dutch War 1685: Revocation of the Edict of Nantes 1688-97: War of the League of Augsburg (9 Years’ War) 1701-14: War of Spanish Succession (famine & bread riots in 1709/10) 1715: Death of the Sun King; succeeded by his great-grandson Louis XV
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TURNING POINTS IN THE REIGN OF LOUIS XIV (1643-1715)
1648-53: The Fronde
1661: The King declares on the death of Cardinal Mazarin that he will henceforth be his own chief minister
1672-78: Franco-Dutch War
1685: Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
1688-97: War of the League of Augsburg (9 Years’ War)
1701-14: War of Spanish Succession (famine & bread riots in 1709/10)
1715: Death of the Sun King; succeeded by his great-grandson Louis XV
Cardinal Mazarin, Anne of Austria, and King Louis XIII
MAJOR UPRISINGS OF THE FRONDE, 1648-53
The movement began in Paris with a popular uprising to free judges imprisoned for questioning the legality of Mazarin’s new taxes. By 1650 the movement was dominated by princes who had quarreled with Richelieu and Mazarin.
Medallion of Cardinal Mazarin (1602-1661), struck around 1660; he is shown as Hercules sharing
the burden of the globe with Atlas/Louis XIV
The young Louis XIV, dressed as
“The Sun,” dances in the
“Ballet de la Nuit” (1653)
Jean Nocret, “The Family of Louis XIV” (1670)
Louise de la Valliere (1644-1710) and her royal children
The Marquise de Montespan
(1640-1707), the King’s
mistress from 1667 until 1680
Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1666)
Pierre Patel, “View of the Chateau de Versailles” in 1668, as the King’s coach arrives
Van der Meulen, “Versailles under Construction” (1669)
P.D. Martin, “Chateau of Versailles,” 1722
Charles Riviere, “View of the Gardens of Versailles”
(and the rear of the palace)
Palace of Versailles, Entrance
The King’s Apartments, Palace of Versailles
Palace of Versailles: The Hall of Mirrors
Charles Le Brun, “Entry of Alexander into Babylon” (ca. 1664)
Charles Le Brun, “The Decision of Louis XIV to Make War on the Dutch Republic in 1671”
(study for the decoration of the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles)
Louis XIV leads his
army into the Netherlands
in 1672
THE MODEST TERRITORIAL GAINS ACHIEVED BY LOUIS XIV
Elias Hainzelmann,
“Louis the Great”
(engraving, 1686): Ruler of
the world, protector of the
Church
“THE NEW MISSIONARIES, dispatched by order of Louis the Great throughout the
Kingdom of France to return the heretics to the Catholic faith” (1686)
William of Orange,
Stadholder of the
Netherlands, who landed in England with 20,000 troops in November
1688
After the “Glorious
Revolution,” King William III
(1689-1702) and Queen Mary
forged an anti-French alliance of
England, the Netherlands, and
Austria
The expansion of
Austria, Russia, and
Brandenburg-Prussia
around 1700
Louis XIV in battle armor (1696)
Royal Chapel, Palace of Versailles (completed in 1710)
Ceiling of the Royal Chapel: The Holy Trinity
Hyacinthe Rigaud, “Louis XIV”
(1701)
OUTCOME OF THE WAR OF SPANISH SUCCESSION:Austria acquires the Spanish Netherlands (Belgium),
and the Bourbons acquire Naples
Louis & Antoine le Nain, “Peasant Family” (ca. 1640)
Le Nain brothers,
“Blacksmith at his Forge”
(1640s)
Le Nain brothers, “Smokers in an Interior” (1643)