Geothermische Technologien Ernst Huenges Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ FVEE-Jahrestagung 2010, 12. Oktober 2010
Geothermische Technologien
Ernst Huenges
Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
FVEE-Jahrestagung 2010, 12. Oktober 2010
Gross Electricity Production from RE by 2050 (SRU-Scenario 2.1.b)
Solar and Geothermal are catching up
Quelle: SRU 2010
Geothermal Technology
• operation (conversion & monitoring)
• exploration (imaging & modelling)
• exploitation (drilling & stimulation)
• provision of power, heat, or chillhere the Organic Rankine Cycle
Principle
• thermal water loop ~ 150 °C, ~ 4 km deep
Challenges
United States 3094 MW
Mexico 958 MW
Guatemala 52 MW
El Salvador 204 MW
Nicaragua 88 MW
Costa Rica 166 MW
Portugal 29 MW
France 16 MW
Iceland 575 MW
Turkey 82 MW
Ethiopia 7.3 MW
Kenya 167 MW
Thailand 0.3 MW
Italy843 MW
Germany 6.6 MW
Austria 1.4 MW
Indonesia 1197 MW
Philippines 1904MW
Papua‐N. G. 56 MW
N. Zealand 628 MW
Australia 1.1 MW
Japan536 MW
Russia82 MW
Total : 10,715 MWe
China24 MW
IPCC 2010Heat Flow Density [milliwatt/m2]
Geothermal Energy: Chances
huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power
Geothermal: plants in USA -open cyclesCoal, oil, gas: DOE, Bloomfield et al. (2003)
EGS-LCAFrick et al. (2010)
g CO2/kWhheat
Geothermal Energy: Chances
huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier
Local Geothermal Potential, e.g. Berlin
12
potentialhorizonsPotsdam 13
Hettang 400 m ca. 25 °hydrothermal, heat pump, aquifer storage
Schaumkalk 960 m ca. 40 ° hydrothermal, heat pump,aquifer storage
Buntsandstein 1500 m ca. 60 °hydrothermal, district heating
Zechstein ca. 3000 m ca. 100 °vertical borehole heat exchanger, heat pump
Rotliegend ca. 4000 m ca. 130 °EGS, district heating,electrical power
utilizationconcepts
Geothermal Energy: Chances
huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier
potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areas
Geothermal Energy: Chances
huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier
potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areascan be combined with other base load or variable energy carriers (biomass, coal, solar thermal, wind) & CO2-storage
Geothermal Energy: Chances
huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier
potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areascan be combined with other base load or variable energy carriers (biomass, coal, solar thermal, wind) & CO2-storageinduced seismicity usable to image an artificially created reservoir
BaselGrossSchönebeck80 eventsMmax=-1.1
Induced Seismicity: Useful for Reservoir Characterization
(Häring et al., 2008)
Basel
(Kwiatek et al., 2010)
GrossSchönebeck80 eventsMmax=-1.1
Geothermal Energy: Chances
huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier
potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areascan be combined with other base load or variable energy carriers (biomass, coal, solar thermal, wind) & CO2-storageinduced seismicity usable to image an artificially created reservoir
Riskspotential induced seismicity hazard
CENEC-DBGrünthal et al. (2009)Update 2010
Induced SeismicEventsin areas of
Landau i.d.Pf.
Soultz-sous-Forêts
Unterhaching
Basel
enhanced geothermal systems (EGS)
Insheim
magnitude Mw
Catalogued NaturalTectonic Seismicitysince 1000 AD
19921878
1692 1756
1356
1911
1935
1201
Induced SeismicEventsin areas of enhanced geothermal systems
CENEC-DB
magnitude Mw
Natural Tectonic Earthquakes
CENEC-DB
Induced SeismicEventsin areas of
potash and rock salt mining
coal mining
enhanced geothermal systems
natural gas production
copper mining
Geothermal Energy: Chances
huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier
potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areascan be combined with other base load or variable energy carriers (biomass, coal, solar thermal, wind) & CO2-storageinduced seismicity usable to image an artificially created reservoir
Riskspotential induced seismicity hazardcompetitive use of geothermal reservoirs also for CO2-storage
Geothermal Energy Provision and/or CO2 Storage
International Conference, Feb 2010 @ GFZ
Well locations
Injection wellObservation well
Geothermal Energy: Chances
huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier
potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areascan be combined with other base load or variable energy carriers (biomass, coal, solar thermal, wind) & CO2-storageinduced seismicity usable to image an artificially created reservoir
Riskspotential induced seismicity hazardcompetitive use of geothermal reservoirs also for CO2-storageterra incognita beneath drill bit
Groß Schönebeck
Geophysical Profiles (---) & Structure/Lithological
Model from Data of Neighboring Borehole
Geothermal Energy: Chances
huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier
potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areascan be combined with other base load or variable energy carriers (biomass, coal, solar thermal, wind) & CO2-storageinduced seismicity usable to image an artificially created reservoir
Riskspotential induced seismicity hazardcompetitive use of geothermal reservoirs also for CO2-storageterra incognita beneath drill bitcost of drilling ... high initial investments
Geothermal Energy: Chances
huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier
potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areascan be combined with other base load or variable energy carriers (biomass, coal, solar thermal, wind) & CO2-storageinduced seismicity usable to image an artificially created reservoir
Riskspotential induced seismicity hazardcompetitive use of geothermal reservoirs also for CO2-storageterra incognita beneath drill bitcost of drilling... investments in advancereliability of the system component during operation (scaling, corrosion)
Thermal Water Loop: Components & Processes
Slide 30/42
production-pump
injection-pump
filter
fittings
tubes2 phase flow
power plantheat transfer
testing infrastructure
chem. reactions
Geothermal Energy: Chanceshuge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier
potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areascan be combined with other base load or variable energy carriers (biomass, coal, solar thermal, wind) & CO2-storageinduced seismicity usable to image an artificially created reservoir
Riskspotential induced seismicity hazardcompetitive use of geothermal reservoirs also for CO2-storageterra incognita beneath drill bitcost of drilling... investments in advancereliability the system component during operation (scaling, corrosion)low interest of industry due to early stage of learning curve
expertise in structural geology, geophysical exploration, rock physics and geochemistry, scientific drilling, and reservoir technologies
Geothermal Technologies
Reservoir Exploration
Reservoir Accessing and Engineering
Thermal Water Loop
Energy Provision
Geothermal Energy with its Chances and Risks …
Geothermal energy, with its chances and risks, has a huge potential to provide sustainably CO2-poor, base load, locally available power and heat.
And with sufficient investment in research, geothermal energy can be made possible almost everywhere (vision).