16 - doenets.lkdoenets.lk/exam/docs/al2015/TechnologyProtoType_Sinhala.pdf · - 16 - w'fmd'i'^W'fm

- 16 -

w'fmd'i'^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2015 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk úNd. i|yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - ;dlaIKfõoh úIh Odrdj

w'fmd'i'^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2015 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk úNd. i|yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - ;dCIKfõoh úIh Odrdj

- iii -

ishÆ u ysñlï weú˙◊

w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - ;dCIKfõoh úIh Odrdj

jr®I 2015 iy bkamiqj meje;afjk úNd. i|yd m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak

Y%S ,xld úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=j

m%:u uqøKh - 2015

mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok YdLdj

cd;sl we.hSï yd m¯CIK fiajdj

Y%S ,xld úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=j

uQ,H wkq.%yh

f,dal nexl= wOHdmk wdxYsl ixjr®Ok jevigyk (ESDP) u.sks'

uqøKh ( Y%S ,xld úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=j

- ii -


- iv -

úNd. flduid˙ia ckrd,af.a m◊úvh

iudc wjYH;djkag i˙,k ksmqK;dj,ska ms˙mqka ld,Sk wOHdmkhla isiqka fj; ∞hdo ls¯fï

wruq◊ka hq;=j ;dCIKfõoh úIh Odrdj mdi,a moaO;shg y`≥kajd fokq ,eîh' w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& i|yd

y`≥kajd ≥ka fuu kj úIh Odrdj ;=<ska isiqka" jevf,dalhg yqre ls¯u;a tu.ska wkd.;fha ° ;dCI◊l

f,dalfha /lshd fj; uxfm;a újr ls¯u;a wfmaCId flfr®'

fuu úIh Odrdj hgf;a y∫kajd ≥ka bx‚fkare ;dCIKfõoh" ffcj moaO;s ;dCIKfõoh yd

;dCIKfõoh i|yd úoHdj hk úIhhka y∞rk isiqka w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.h i|yd m%:u j;djg

fmkS isákqfha 2015 jifr®° h' fuys bx‚fkare ;dCIKfõoh yd ffcj moaO;s ;dCIKfõoh hk úIh

fol i|yd w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.fha ° ,sÅ; m¯CIKhg wu;rj m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKhla o meje;afõ'

ta wkqj kj úIh Odrdj hgf;a y`≥kajd ° we;s tla tla úIh i|yd ta ta úIh ksr®foaYj,g wkql+,j 2015

iy bka miqj meje;afjk w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd. i|yd fmkS isák isiqkaf.a m%fhdackh i|yd ilia

lrk ,o m%Yak m;% yd m%dfhda.sl m¯CIK jHQy o uQ,dlD;s m%Yak o fuys we;=<;a fõ'

fuu úIhhkays úIh ksr®foaY úIh fCIa;% lsysmhlska iukaú; ùu;a m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrlï we;=<;a

ù ;sîu;a ksid tu úIh fCIa;%hkays ksmqK úoaj;=kaf.ka iukaú; uKav,hla u.ska w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<&

wfkl=;a úIhhka i|yd ilia lr we;s m%Yak m;% jHQy flfrys o wjOdkh fhduq lrñka fuu úIhhkays

m%Yak m;%j, jHQy" m%dfhda.sl m¯CIK jHQy yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak ilia lr we;'

ta wkqj 2015 yd bka miqj meje;afjk w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd. i|yd m%Yak m;% yd

m%dfhda.sl m¯CIK jHQy o uQ,dlD;s m%Yak iy uQ,dlD;s m%dfhda.sl m¯CIK o we;=<;a lrk ,o Wmfoia

ix.%yhla f,i ;dCIKfõoh úIh Odrdj i|yd fuu fmd; ilia lr we;' fuu Wmfoia ix.%yfha ˚

fldgfiys úNd.h iïnkaO fmd≥ f;dr;=re o" ˚ fldgfiys m%Yak m;%j, jHQyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak o we;=<;a

fõ' fuh m˙YS,kh ls¯u u.ska isiqka úNd.hg yqrelrùug;a m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh i|yd iQ∞kï lrùug;a

.=reNj;=kag yelshdjla ,efí' tu ksid úNd.hg b†˙m;a jk isiqkag;a" úNd.hg iQ∞kï ls¯fï ° mdi,aj,

ú≥y,am;sjrekag" .=rejrekag" Bg iïnkaO u.fmkajkakkag yd mdi,a m%cdjg fuh ufydamld¯ jkq we;'

tfukau fuu lD;sfhys ±lafjk m%Yak m;% jHQy iy uQ,dlD;s m%Yak m˙YS,kh ls¯u uÛska isiqkag fuu

úNd.fha ° uqyqK °ug is≥jkafka l=uk wdldrfha we.hSulg o hkak ms<sn|j ukd wjfndaOhla ,nd .;

yels h'

fuys we;=<;a m%Yak m;% jHQy iy uQ,dlD;s m%Yak ilia ls¯fï ° iyfhda.h ≥ka ishÆ u úYaj úoHd,

uydpdr®h" wdpdr®h jrekag o wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha ks,Od¯kag o" fh!jk lghq;= yd ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok

wud;HdxYfha ks,Od¯kag o" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha wOHCI ckrd,a we;=Ω l:ßldpdr®®hjrekag o" fiiq

iïm;a mqoa., uy;au uy;aókag o Y%S ,xld úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=fõ mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok YdLdfõ

ks,Od¯kag yd ldr®h uKav,hg o fmd; uqøKh i|yd uQ,H wkq.%yh ±lajQ f,dal nexl= jHdmD;sfha ldr®h

uKav,hg o" fuh uekúka uqøKh lr≥ka Y%S ,xld úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=fõ uqøKd,fha ldr®h uKav,hg

o fuu ldr®hh idr®:l lr .ekSfuys ,d ±lajQ ∞hl;ajh w.h lrñka udf.a lD;;dj mqolrñ'

ví,sõ'tï'tka'f–' mqIaml=udr

úNd. flduid˙ia ckrd,a

2015.01.26mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok YdLdj"

Y%S ,xld úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=j'

- iii -


- v -

we;=<; msgq

msgq wxlh

˚ fldgi

úNd.h yd iïnkaO fmd≥ f;dr;=re ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1

˚˚ fldgi

uQ,dlD;s m%Yak '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5

65 - bx‚fkare ;dÈKfõoh

m%Yak m;% jHQyh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 7

uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - ˚ m;%h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8

˚˚ m;%h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 16

m%dfhda.sl m¯CIK jHqyh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 29

m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh - wh≥ïlrejka i|yd Wmfoia '''''''''''''''''''' 30

m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh - m¯laIK uKav,h i|yd Wmfoia ''''''''''' 42

66 - ffcj moaO;s ;dÈKfõoh

m%Yak m;% jHQyh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 57

uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - ˚ m;%h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 57

˚˚ m;%h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 64

m%dfhda.sl m¯CIK jHqyh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 73

m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 73

m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh - m¯laIK uKav,h i|yd Wmfoia

yd we.hSï ksr®Kdhl ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 81

67 - ;dÈKfõoh i|yd úoHdj

m%Yak m;% jHQyh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 87

uQ,dlD;s m%Yak - ˚ m;%h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 88

˚˚ m;%h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 97

weuqKqï '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 111

- iv -


- 1 -- v -

WmfoaYl;ajh ( ví,sõ'tï'tka'f–' mqIaml=udr - úNd. flduid˙ia ckrd,a

fufyhùu yd ixúOdkh ( .hd;%s wfí.=Kfialr - úNd. flduid˙ia

^mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok&

iïnkaëlrKh ( f–'ta'f–'wdr®' chfldä - iyldr úNd. flduid˙ia

úIh iïnkaëlrKh

bx‚fkare ;dCIKfõoh ( B' l=,fialr - ksfhdacH úNd. flduid˙ia

f–'ta'f–'wdr®' chfldä - iyldr úNd. flduid˙ia

,isl iurfldaka - iyldr úNd. flduid˙ia

ffcj moaO;s ;dCIKfõoh ( nqoaêld fmfr®rd - iyldr úNd. flduid˙ia

;dCIKfõoh i|yd úoHdj ( ufkdañ fifkúr;ak - iyldr úNd. flduid˙ia

yika;d l=remamq - iyldr úNd. flduid˙ia

ieliqu yd ixialrKh - bx‚fkare ;dCIKfõoh

wdpdr®h à'ta' mshis˙ - Wm l=,m;s" jD;a;Sh ;dCIK úYaj úoHd,h

wdpdr®h t,a'ã'f–'tia' kdkdhlaldr - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" lr®udka; l<ukdlrK wOHhkdxYh"

le<◊h úYaj úoHd,h

wdpdr®h t,a't,a' talkdhl - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" isú,a bx‚fkare wOHhkdxYh"

fudrgqj úYaj úoHd,h

fla'ã't,a' rka†ld lmqf.a - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" wf,ú l<ukdlrK wOHhkdxYh"

inr.uqj úYaj úoHd,h

mS'„'wdr®'tka'whs' mqiaie,a, - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" N+ údmk mSGh" inr.uqj úYaj úoHd,h

ta'ã' kkaofiak - wOHdmk wOHCI ^;dCIK&" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh

tka'à'fla' f,dl=,shk - wOHCI" ^;dCIK&" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

„'fla' .uf.a - iyldr l:ßldpdr®h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

„'ta'f–'mS' fmfr®rd - fcHIaG wNHdi bx‚fkare" ,xld cr®uka ldr®ñl wNHdi wdh;kh

tï'tia'wdr®' m%kdka≥ - fcHIaG wNHdi bx‚fkare" ,xld cr®uka ldr®ñl wNHdi wdh;kh

f–' wd˙hisxy - l:ßldpdr®h ^úY%dñl&" Y%S ,xld ;dCIK úoHd,h" ur∞k

tka'ã' chis˙ - l:ßldpdr®h" lr®udka; bx‚fkare mqyqKq wdh;kh

k°ld wU.yj;a; - mqyqKq ks,Od¯" cd;sl jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wêld˙h

fla'„' Nd;sh wurkd: - mqyqKq ks,Od¯" cd;sl jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wdh;kh

hq'ã'fla'tï' iurfialr - fcHIaG WmfoaYl" ,xld cr®uka ldr®ñl wNHdi wdh;kh


- 2 -- vi -

tÉ'wdr®'ta'mS' .=K;s,l - WmfoaYl" Y%S ,xld ;dCIK úoHd,h" ur∞k

fla'f–'ta'à' chjr®Ok - WmfoaYl" ldr®ñl úoHd,h" .ïmy

wdr®'ta'ví'tia'„' rKjl - WmfoaYl" Y%S ,xld ;dCIK úoHd,h" ur∞k

mS'tï'f–'î' úf–fldaka - WmfoaYl" fudagr® r: bx‚fkare wNHdi wdh;kh

ieliqu yd ixialrKh - ffcj moaO;s ;dCIKfõoh

fcHIaG uydpdr®h .dñ◊ fiakdkdhl - Wm l=,m;s" reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h

uydpdr®h ;s,la mS'ã' .uf.a - mSGdêm;s" ëjr yd id.r úoHd yd ;dCIK úoHdmSGh"

reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h

uydpdr®h tï'tï'tï' kd„ï - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" i;a;aj úoHd wOHhkdxYh"


tï' rïnKavd - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" lDIslr®u bx‚fkare wOHhkdxYh"

fmardfo◊h úYaj úoHd,h

wdpdr®h fla'tia' fyaupkaø - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" lDIslr®u „j úoHd wOHhkdxYh"

fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,h

wdpdr®h tia'tï'iS'hQ'mS' iqnisxy - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" jkúoHd yd md˙i˙lúoHd wOHhkdxYh"

YS% chjr®Okmqr úYaj úoHd,h

wdpdr®h fla'tia'mS' wur;=x. - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" lDIslr®u bx‚fkare wOHhkdxYh"

fmardfo◊h úYaj úoHd,h

wdpdr®h tï'ta'f–' jxYmd, - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" wdydr úoHd ;dlaIK wOHhkdxYh"


wdpdr®h mS'ví' wekagka fmfr®rd - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" mY= úoHd wOHhkdxYh"


ta't,a' ika†l - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" lDIs wdr®:ßl wOHhkdxYh"


fla'„'ví'fla' lgql=rekao - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

tka'ta' .=Kjr®Ok - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h ^úY%dñl&" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

B'ta'iS'tka' fmfr®rd - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

.S;dks pkaø∞i - .=re WmfoaYl ^lDIs&" l,dm wOHdmk ldr®hd,h" fydaud.u

wdr®' iqOr®ud r;ak;s,l - .=re fiajh" fydaud.u uOH uyd úoHd,h" fydaud.u

ieliqu yd ixialrKh - ;dCIKfõoh i|yd úoHdj

uydpdr®h iqoka; ,shkf.a - mSGdêm;s" jHjyd˙l úoHdmSGh" YS% chjr®Okmqr úYaj úoHd,h

wdpdr®h ã't,a' chr;ak - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" Èqø „j úoHd wOHhkdxYh"


wdpdr®h ã'ã' lreKdr;ak - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" m˙.Kl úoHdh;kh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h


- 3 -- vii -

wdpdr®h ví'f–'tï' iurkdhl - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" fN!;sl úoHd wOHhkdxYh" le<◊h úYaj úoHd,h

wdpdr®h pdklH f–' úf–r;ak - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" .◊; wOHhkdxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h

wdpdr®h tia'ã'tï' Ñka;l - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" ridhk úoHd wOHhkdxYh"


wdpdr®h tï'ta'î' m%Ydka; - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" ridhk úoHd wOHhkdxYh"


wdpdr®h myka f.dvl=Uqr - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" ridhk úoHd wOHhkdxYh"


wdpdr®h tï'tka' fl!ud,a - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" ridhk úoHd wOHhkdxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h

wdpdr®h ù'tï' ;∞ks - fcHIaG mr®fhaIK úoHd" Y%S ,xld kefkda ;dCIK wdh;kh

tia'tka' udOqjf.a - wOHCI ^f;dr;=re ;dlaIK&" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

wdpdr®h t,a'ví'wdr®' o w,aúia - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

mS' u,úm;srK - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ta'ã' wfYdal o is,ajd - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

f–'tï't,a' ,CIauka - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h ^úY%dñl&" ishkE cd;sl wOHdmk úoHdmSGh

wdr®'„'wdr®' ouhka;s - fcHIaG l:ßldpdr®h" ishkE cd;sl wOHdmk úoHdmSGh

tÉ'mS'hQ'tia'whs'fla' fmfr®rd - uOHia:dk l<ukdlre" m˙.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dkh" y`.=rkafl;

ù'mS'fla' iqu;smd, - .=re WmfoaYl" l,dm wOHdmk ldr®hd,h" j,iauq,a,

fla'î'ta' ú;drK - .=re fiajh" rdcisxy uOH uy úoHd,h" rejkaje,a,

m˙.Kl msgq ieliqu

bx‚fkare ;dCIKfõoh ( ví'ta'ã' p;=˙ld †idkdhl - o;a; igyka l%shdlre

ffcj moaO;s ;dCIKfõoh ( tï'ví,sõ' mshqñ uOqIdks - o;a; igyka l%shdlre

;dCIKfõoh i|yd úoHdj ( fla'ta' bfrdaId nKavdr - o;a; igyka l%shdlre

msgljrh ksr®udKh ( nqoaêl ksmqk fiakdkdhl - o;a; igyka l%shdlre


- 1 -

˚ fldgi

wOHhk fmd≥ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<& úNd.h

úNd.h yd iïnkaO fmd≥ f;dr;=re

1' ye¢kaùu

w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.h Y%S ,xldfõ fcHIaG oaú;Shsl wOHdmkfha wjidk iy;sllrK

úNd.hhs' fuh m%Odk jYfhka iy;sllrK úNd.hla jYfhka meje;ajqj o úYajúoHd,j,g" fjk;a

Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kj,g iy wOHdmk úoHdmSGj,g iq≥iaika f;dard.ekSu;a fuu úNd.fha

m%;sM, u; mokïj is≥ lrk neúka fuh f;a¯fï úNd.hla jYfhka o Ndú; fõ'

tfiau uOHu uÜgfï /lshd ,nd.ekSu i|yd o fuu úNd.fha m%;sM, uQ,sl iq≥iqlula

jYfhka ie,fla' jr®I 2014 olajdu w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.h 12 iy 13 fY%a◊j, úIh ksr®foaY

mokï fldg f.k „j úoHd" fN!;Sh úoHd" jd◊c yd l,d hk úIh Odrd y;r hgf;a meje;afjk

w;r" Bg wu;rj 2015 jifr® isg ;dCIKfõoh úIh Odrdj hgf;a o úNd.h meje;afõ'

2' ;dCIKfõoh úIh Odrdjg w∞<j úIh f;dard .ekSu

wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska ksl=;a fldg we;s wxl ED/01/12/02/06/01 yd 2013'06'11 †ke;s

,smsh u.ska miajk úIh Odrdj jYfhka ;dCIKfõoh úIh Odrdj y∫kajd ° we;'

w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& i|yd ;dCIKfõoh úIh Odrdjg w∞< úIh ksr®foaY 2013 jifr® 12 jk

fY%a◊h i|yd y∫kajd ≥ka w;r" tu úIh ksr®foaY mokï fldg f.k m%:u j;djg w'fmd'i'^Wiia

fm<& úNd.h meje;afjkqfha 2015 jifr®° h' by; i|yka ED/01/12/02/06/01 ork ,smsfha wvx.=

úêúOdk wkqj my; i|yka wdldrhg fuu úIh Odrdjg w∞<j úIhhka f;dard .; hq;= h'

;dCIKfõoh úIh Odrdj ye≤¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk isiqka

^w& my; i|yka úIhhka wksjdr®hfhka f;dard.; hq;= h'

1' bx‚fkare ;dCIKfõoh fyda ffcj moaO;s ;dCIKfõoh

2' ;dCIKfõoh i|yd úoHdj

^wd& ;=kajk úIh my; ±lafjk úIhhka w;=˙ka f;dard .; hq;= h'

1' wdr®:ßl úoHdj

2' N+f.da, úoHdj

3' .Dy wdr®:ßl úoHdj

4' bx.%Sis

5' ikaksfõokh yd udOH wOHhkh

6' f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dCIKh

7' Ñ;% l,dj

8' jHdmdr wOHhkh

9' lDIs úoHdj

10' .sKqïlrKh

w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.h i|yd m%Odk úIhhka ;=klg fmkS isáh hq;= w;r Bg wu;rj

úYajúoHd, m%fõYh i|yd wh≥ï ls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk isiqka zidudkH fmd≥ m¯CIKhZ m%Yak

m;%fhka o iu;a úh hq;= h' úYajúoHd, m%fõYh i|yd i,ld fkdneÆj o zidudkH bx.%SisZ m%Yak m;%hg o

isiqkaf.a wNsu;h m˙† fmkS isáh yelsh'


- 2 -

2'1 w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.h i|yd wkqu; úIh wxl

w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.fha ° ;dCIKfõoh úIh Odrdj i|yd wkqu; úIhhka iy úIh

wxl my; ±lafõ' úNd.h i|yd b,aÆï ls¯fï ° w∞< úIh wxl Ndú; l< hq;= h'

úIhh úIh wxlh

lDIs úoHdj 08

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dCIKh 20

wdr®:ßl úoHdj 21

N+f.da, úoHdj 22

.Dy wdr®:ßl úoHdj 28

ikaksfõokh yd udOH wOHhkh 29

jHdmdr wOHhkh 32

.sKqïlrKh 33

Ñ;% l,dj 51

bx‚fkare ;dCIKfõoh 65

ffcj moaO;s ;dCIKfõoh 66

;dCIKfõoh i|yd úoHdj 67

bx.%Sis 73

w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.fha ° ;dCIKfõoh úIh Odrdj i|yd ksl=;a lr we;s fldkafoais

wkqj Wla; úIhhka w;=˙ka ;=kla f;dard .; yelsh' tu m%Odk úIhhkag wu;rj fuu úNd.fha °

my; úIhhka fol i|yd o b†˙m;a úh hq;= h'

* idudkH fmd≥ m¯CIKh ^12&

Y%S ,xldfõ úYajúoHd,hlg wNHka;r YsIHhl= jYfhka we;=<;a ùu i|yd fuu úIhh i|yd

;SrKh lrkq ,nk wju ,l=Kq uÜgula ,nd ;sîu w;HjYH fõ' tla wjia:djl ° fuu iq≥iqlu ,nd

;sîu miq wjia:djl úYajúoHd, m%fõYh i|yd w∞< lr .; yelsh' fuu úIhh i|yd ,nd .kakd

,l=Kq" Z ,l=K .Kkh ls¯u i|yd w∞< lr .kq fkd,efí'

* idudkH bx.%Sis ^13&

fuu úIhh w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& m%Odk úIhhla fkdfõ' idudkH bx.%Sis i|yd ,nd .kakd

,l=Kq fyda idur®:Hh fyda úYajúoHd, m%fõYh i|yd Wmfhda.s lr .kq fkd,efí' tfy;a fuu

úIhh i|yd ,nd .kakd m%;sM,h w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd. iy;slfha fjku igyka flfr®'

3' fY%a◊ ;SrKh ls¯u

tla tla úIhh i|yd ,nd.kakd o< ,l=Kq wkqj my; i|yka wdldrhg fY%a◊ ;SrKh flfr®'

,l=Kq mrdih fY%a◊h

75 - 100

65 - 74

50 - 64

35 - 49

00 - 34

A - úYsIag idur®:Hh - Distinction PassB - wêiïudk idur®:Hh - Very Good Pass C - iïudk idur®:Hh - Credit Pass S - idudkH idur®:Hh - Ordinary Pass F - wiu;a - Fail


- 3 -

4' mdi, mokï lr.;a we.hSu

4'1 wruqK

1 2 yd 13 fY%a◊j, bf.kqu ,nk isiqkaf.a w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.fha ° ueksh fkdyels

yelshd" ksmqK;d wd†h bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh is≥flfrk w;r;=r uek ne,Su;a ≥n,;d yd

m%n,;d y∫kdf.k ≥n,;d we;s isiqka isá;a kï ta i|yd m%;sfmdaIK jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯u;a

fuys wruqK fõ' fuu jevms<sfj< hgf;a mka;s ldurfha ° bf.kqu ,nk úIhhka i|yd we.hSï

is≥ lrkq ,nk w;r isiqka úiska is≥lrkq ,nk jHdmD;s folla o we.hSug Ndckh flfr®'

4'2 we.hSï is≥flfrk wdldrh

4'2'1 mka;s ldurfha bf.kSug Ndckh flfrk úIhhka i|yd lrkq ,nk we.hSu

^w& mka;s ldurfha bf.kqu ,nk iEu úIhhla i|ydu jdrhlg we.hSï wjia:d ;=kla

u.ska we.hSug Ndckh flfr®' ^fï i|yd y∫kajd ° we;s we.hSï m%fNao Ndú; l<

hq;= h'&

^wd& mka;s ldurfha bf.kqu ,nk m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï iys; úIhhka ^bx‚fkare

;dCIKfõoh" ffcj moaO;s ;dCIKfõoh" lDIs úoHdj yd .Dy wdr®:ßl úoHdj" jeks

úIhhka& i|yd wju jYfhka jdrhlg tla m%dfhda.sl we.hSulaj;a is≥ l< hq;= w;r

fiiq we.hSï wjia:d fol i|yd fjk;a we.hSï m%fNao fhd∞ .; yelsh'

^we& jdrhlg we.hSï wjia:d ;=k ne.ska 12 fY%a◊fha jdr ;=k i|yd we.hSï wjia:d 09la

o" 13 fY%a◊fha 1 yd 2 jdrh i|yd we.hSï wjia:d 06la o jYfhka wjqre≥ fol i|yd

we.hSï 15la is≥ flfr®'

^wE& fuu we.hSï wjia:d 15ys ,l=Kqj, idudkHh" 13 jk fY%a◊fha fojk jdrh

wjidkfha ° Y%S ,xld úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; f.kajd .kq ,efí' fuu ,l=Kq

wkqj ;SrKh lrkq ,nk ksmqK;d uÜgï w'fmd'i'^W'fm<& m%;sM, f,aLkfha fjku

;Srhl my; i|yka wdldrhg we;=<;a flfr®'

mdi, mokï

lr.;a

we.hSï ,l=Kq

ksmqK;d uÜgï

9" 10

8

6" 7

4" 5

1" 2" 3

úYsIag uÜgfï ksmqK;dj - (Excellent Level Competency)by< uÜgfï ksmqK;dj - (High Level Competency)iïudk uÜgfï ksmqK;dj - (Credit Level Competency)wdikak ksmqK;dj - (Near Competency)ksmqK;d uÜgug <Ûd fkdjQ - (Not reached to Competency Level)

4'2'2 jHdmD;s u.ska we.hSu

w'fmd'i'^W'fm<& y∞rk iEu isiqjl=u jHdmD;s folla ksu l< hq;= h' bka tlla

flaj, jHdmD;shla jk w;r wfkl lKavdhï jHdmD;shla úh hq;= h'

4'2'2'1 flaj, jHdmD;sh

^w& flaj, jHdmD;sh ilia ls¯u i|yd .e<fmk ud;Dldjla f;dardf.k th

mdif,a jHdmD;s lñgqj u.ska wkqu; lr.; hq;= h'

^wd& 12 fY%a◊fha 1 yd 2 jk jdr ;=< ° fuu jHdmD;sh ksu l< hq;= w;r mka;sNdr

fyda úIhNdr fyda .=rejrhl= fï i|yd u. fmkajkq we;'

^we& jHdmD;sh iïnkaOfhka t†fk∞ flfrk lghq;= fCIa;% fmd;l igyka fldg

th jHdmD;sh Ndr .=rejrhd ,jd iy;sl lrjd .; hq;= h'

^wE& fuu jHdmD;sh ls¯u ;=<ska isiqjdg iyc oCI;d m%or®Ykh ls¯ug yelsùu"

Rcqj úúO wdh;k iu. yd iudch iu. iïnkaO;d mj;ajd .ekSu iy

úúO mqoa.,hka iu. lghq;= ls¯u ms<sn| j wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj

,nd°u wfmaCId flfr®'


- 4 -

4'2'2'2 lKavdhï jHdmD;sh

^w& lKavdhï jHdmD;sh i|yd mdif,a isiqka 10 fokl=f.ka hqla; lKavdhula

mdif,a jHdmD;s lñgqj u.ska kï l< hq;= h'

^wd& fuu lKavdhu mdif,a úoHd" jdKsc" l,d yd ;dCIKfõoh hk wxY y;r

ksfhdackh jk m˙† ilia úh hq;= h'

^we& lKavdhï jHdmD;sh i|yd o lKavdhu uÛska iq≥iq ud;Dldjla jHdmD;s lñgqjg

b†˙m;a fldg wkque;sh ,nd .; hq;= h'

^wE& 12 fY%a◊h 3 jk jdrh iy 13 fY%a◊h 1 jk jdrh we;=<; ° fuu jHdmD;sfha

lghq;= ksu l< hq;= h'

^b& lKavdhï yeÛSfuka lghq;= ls¯u" úúO wdh;k yd mqoa.,hka iu. lghq;=

ls¯u iy fCIa;%fha lghq;= ms<sn| j wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj ,nd°u

fuu jHdmD;sh uÛska n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'

4'2'3 jHdmD;s we.hSu

ksr®Kdhl 05la hgf;a jHdmD;s we.hSug Ndckh flfrk w;r jHdmD;s Ndr .=reNj;d$

lñgqj úiska tla tla ksr®Kdhlh wkqj isiqka lghq;= lr we;s wdldrh wOHhkh fldg ,l=Kq

,nd°u is≥ lrkq we;'

jHdmD;shla i|yd uqΩ ,l=Kq 20la ,nd fok w;r th ,l=Kq 10g m˙jr®;kh fldg

úNd. fomdr®;fïka;=jg f.kajd .kq ,efí'

fuu jHdmD;s foflys wjidk idudkH ,l=Kq wkqj ;SrKh lrkq ,nk ksmqK;d uÜgu

o" 4'2'1 ^wE& ys i|yka wdlD;shg wkqj w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& m%;sM, f,aLkfha we;=<;a flfr®'


- 5 -

˚˚ fldgi

uQ,dlD;s m%Yak

w'fmdi'^Wiia fm<& úNd.h oaú;Shsl wOHdmkh wjidkfha meje;afjk wjidk iy;sllrK úNd.hhs'

fuu úNd.fha m%;sM, u; úYajúoHd," fjk;a Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k iy wOHdmk úoHdmSG jeks wdh;kj,g

isiqka f;dard .ekSu o is≥ flfrk neúka fuys f;a¯fï m¯CIKhl ,CIK o wvx.= fõ'

ta wkqj w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.fha m%Yak m;% ilia ls¯fï ° idOk m¯CIKhl ;sìh hq;= ,CIK

flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;= w;r" fuys m%;sM, u; úYajúoHd, yd fjk;a Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k

i|yd isiqka f;a¯u o is≥ lrk neúka ta ms<sn|j o wjOdkh fhduq lr we;'

ta wkqj YsIH idOkh we.hSu i|yd ,sÅ; úNd. l%ufha ° m%Odk jYfhkau rpkd m¯CIK iy

jdia;úl úIhnoaO& m¯CIK Ndú; flfr®' rpkd iajrEmfha ms<s;=rl ° m¯CIlhdf.a mqoa., noaO;dj n,mdk

w;r jdia;úl iajNdjfha m%Yakhla i|yd tla ksjer† ms<s;=rla muKla ;sîu ksid th iïmQr®Kfhkau mqoa.,

noaO;dfjka f;dr fõ' fuu rpkd iy jdia;úl hk wka; fol w;rg .efkk §jHQy.; flá ms<s;=re iemhSfï

jr®.fha m%Yak¶ flfrys jr®;udk m¯CIK fCIa;%fha jeä wjOdkhla fhduq ù ;sfí' jHQy.; m%Yakhla uÛska"

†h hq;= ms<s;=r m%Yakfhka lshefjk hï hï iSud ;=< ±ä fia md,kh flfr®' ta wkqj ms<s;=rem;a ,l=Kq ls¯fï

° m¯CIljreka w;fr® ,l=Kq °fï ix.;;dj wdrCId lr .; yelsjk ksid" jdia;úl yd jHQy.; iajrEmfha

m%Yakj,g m¯CIK fCIa;%fha jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysñ fõ'

ta wkqj w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.fha m%Yak m;% ilia ls¯fï ° o w;HjYH wjia:dj, ° muKla rpkd

m%Yak Ndú; flfrk w;r jdia;úl jr®.fha m%Yak ilia ls¯u flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduq flfr®' tfiau

w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.fha m%Yak m;% ilia ls fï ° yqfola iaurKh u; muKla fkd/|S wjfndaOh" Ndú;h"

úYaf,aIKh" ixYaf,aIKh yd we.hSu jeks by< udkisl yelshd uek nef,k wdldrfha m%Yak ilia ls¯u

flfrys wjOdkh fhduq ù we;' yels;dla ≥rg m%dfhda.sl isoaêj,g w∞< j m%Yak ilia flfrk w;r isiqkaf.a

hula meye†,sj f;areï.ekSu" W.;a uQ,Or®u fjk;a iudk wjia:djl ° fhd∞.ekSu" .egÆ úi£u" ;r®lkh"

kj fhdackd$ie,iqï b†˙m;a ls¯u" lreKq ikaikaokh ls¯u" NdIdj uekúka Ndú; ls¯u iy woyia meye†,sj

b†˙m;a ls¯u wdoS yelshd uek nef,k wdldrhg;a tu m%Yak ilia flfrkq we;'

fuu fldgfiys" m%Yak m;% jHQyh yd ,l=Kq ms˙kefuk wdldrh iu. uQ,dlD;s m%Yak we;=<;a lr

we;s w;r tajd wdor®Y m%Yak m;% fkdfõ' tneúka m%Yak m;% ilia ls¯fï ° m%Yakj, wka;r®.; wkqfldgia

ixLHdj iy ,l=Kq nr ;efnk wdldrh m%Yak ilia ls¯u i|yd mokï lr .efkk úIh fldgia wkqj

wjia:dkql+, j fjkia úh yels h'

fuys i|yka uQ,dlD;s m%Yakj,g wu;rj jdia;úl yd rpkd m¯CIK i|yd Ndú; flfrk" 6jk

msgqfjys i|yka ishÆ u m%Yak jr®. we;=Ω fjk;a m%Yak jr®. o w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.fha m%Yak

m;%j,g wjia:dkql+,j we;=<;a ls¯fï whs;sh úNd. flduid˙ia ckrd,a i;=h'


- 6 -

jdia;úl$úIh noaO m¯CIK (Objective Tests)

iemhSfï jr®.h

(Supply Type)f;a¯fï jr®.h

(Selection Type)

wE£fï jr®.h

(Matching Type)fojrK jr®.h

(Alternative Type)nyqjrK jr®.h

(MCQ Type)

m%Yak jr®.h - (Question Type)wiïmQr®K m%ldYk jr®.h - (In Complete Statement Type)m%;sfIaOd;aul jr®.h - (Negative Type)iïnkaëjrK jr®.h - (Combined Response Type)fyd|u ms<s;=re jr®.h - (Best Answer Type)nyq ms<s;=re jr®.h - (Multiple Response Type)fmd≥ ms<s;=re jr®.h - (Common Response Type)wdfoaY jr®.h - (Substitution Type)hq., j.ka;s jr®.h - (Double Statement Type)m%ldYh yd fya;=j jr®.h - (Assertion & Reason Type)

rpkd m¯CIK (Essay Tests)

rpkd jr®.fha m%Yak

(Essay Type Questions)jHQy.; rpkd m%Yak

(Structured Essay Type Questions)

wdlD;sh

u.ska

jHQy.;

ls¯u

(Structuring by using subsections)

iemfhk

f;dr;=re u.ska

jHQy.;

ls¯u

(Structuring by information provided)

ldr®hh

u.ska

jHQy.;

ls¯u

(Structuring by function)

újD; m%;spdr

jr®.h

(Open Response Type)

wejqrE m%;spdr

jr®.h

(Controlled Response Type)

65 - bx‚fkare ;dCIKfõoh

- 7 -


65 - bx‚fkare ;dlaIKfõoh

m%Yak m;% jHQyh

I m;%h - ld,h meh 02 hs'

jrK 05 ne.ska jQ nyqjrK m%Yak 50ls' m%Yak ish,a,gu ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;=h'

tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq 03 ne.ska uqΩ ,l=Kq 150ls'

úIh fÈa;% wkqj m%Yak fn° hk wdldrh (

÷ bx‚fkare ;dlaIKfõoh ye|skaùu - m%Yak 01

÷ isú,a ;dlaIKfõoh - m%Yak 14

÷ hdka;%sl ;dlaIKfõoh - m%Yak 14

÷ ú≥,sh yd bf,lafg%dksl ;dlaIKfõoh - m%Yak 14

÷ bx‚fkare we|Su - m%Yak 01

÷ ñkqï - m%Yak 02

÷ fi!LHh yd wdrlaIdj - m%Yak 01

÷ bx‚fkare m%ñ;s - m%Yak 01

÷ jHjidhl;ajh yd l<ukdlrKh - m%Yak 02

II m;%h - ld,h meh 03 hs'

fuu m%Yak m;%h A, B, C yd D jYfhka fldgia y;rlska iukaú; h'

A fldgi

jHQy.; rpkd jr®.fha m%Yak y;rls' m%Yak ish,a,gu ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;=h'

tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq 60 ne.ska ,l=Kq 240ls'

úIh fÈa;% wkqj m%Yak fn° hk wdldrh (

1 jk m%Yakh - bx‚fkare we|Su

2 jk m%Yakh - ifudaOdks; îsú,a" hdka;%sl" ú≥,sh yd bf,lafg%dksl&

3 jk m%Yakh - ye|skaùu" fi!LHh yd wdrlaIdj" ñkqï

4 jk m%Yakh - jHjidhl;ajh yd l<ukdlrKh

B, C yd D fldgia

rpkd jr®.fh a m%Yak fol ne.ska m%Yak yhls' tla fldgilska wju jYfhka

tla m%Yakh ne.ska f;dard f.k m%Yak y;rlg ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;=h' tla

m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq 90 ne.ska ,l=Kq 360ls'

úIh fÈa;% fn° hk wdldrh (

B fldgi - isú,a ;dlaIKfõoh

C fldgi - hdka;%sl ;dlaIKfõoh

D fldgi - ú≥,sh yd bf,lafg%dksl ;dlaIKfõoh

II m;%h i|yd uqΩ ,l=Kq = (240 + 360) ÷ 4 = 150

m%dfhda.sl m¯laIKh

bx‚fkare ;dlaIKfõoh ,sÅ; m¯laIKh i|yd uqΩ ,l=Kqj,ska 75% la

fjka lr we;s w;r b;s˙ 25% m%dfhda.sl m¯laIKh i|yd fjka lr we;'

fuu úIhhg fmkS isák isiqka ,sÅ; m¯laIKhg fukau m%dfhda.sl

m¯laIKhg o fmkS isáh hq;=h'

wjidk ,l=Kq .Kkh ls¯u ( I m;%h = 150 II m;%h = 150 m%dfhda.sl m¯laIKh = 100 wjidk ,l=Kq = 400 ÷ 4 = 100

- 8 -



I m;%h

ie,lsh hq;=hs (

∗ ishÆ u m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

∗ ksjer† fyda jvd;a .e<fmk fyda ms<s;=r f;darkak' ^úNd.fha ° ms<s;=re iemhSu i|yd

nyqjrK lv∞ishla imhkq ,efí'&

01. f,day oKavl (shaft) úIalïNh 0.01 mm l ksjer†;djla hgf;a uekSu i|yd jvd;a fhda.H WmlrKh

jkqfha"

^1& jdfka flda≥jhs' ^2& jr®kshr® l,mdihhs' ^3& we;=<; l,mdihhs'

^4& msg; l,mdihhs' ^5& uhsfl%dógrhhs'

02. uhsfl%dógr bial=remamq wdudkhl jD;a;dldr m˙udKh iudk fldgia 50 lg fn∞ we;' tu m˙udKh

tla jghla N%uKh ls¯fï° fr®Çh m˙udKfha ñ,sógr 0'5 l úia:dmkhla is≥jk nj ks¯CIKh

flfr®' tu wdudkfha l=vdu ñkqu ñ,sógr lSh o@

^1& 0.1 ^2& 0.05 ^3& 0.02 ^4& 0.01 ^5& 0.001

03. ° we;s rEm w;=frka" SLS iïu;j,g wkqj udk olajd we;s rEmh l=ula o@

Φ 20

^3&

20

^1&20

^2&

Φ 20

^4&

Φ 20

^5&

04. jdfka .Eia is,skavr ksIamdokfha° >klï ;yvq mEiaiSu i|yd fhda.H l%uh jkqfha"

^1& Tlais - weisá,Ska mEiaiSuhs' ^2& úoHq;a pdm (electric arc) mEiaiSuhs'

^3& ;s;a úoHq;a (spot) mEiaiSuhs' ^4& gx.aiagka ksIal%Sh jdhq (TIG) mEiaiSuhs'

^5& f,day ksIal%Sh jdhq (MIG) mEiaiSuhs'

05. ;dlaIKfõ° l<ukdlrK ls%hdj,sfhys ixrpl jkqfha"

^1& y∫kd.ekSu" ie,iqïlrKh" ixúOdkh" md,kh iy fufyhùuhs'

^2& y∫kd.ekSu" ie,iqïlrKh" wr®:l:kh" ixúOdkh iy fufyhùuhs'

^3& y∫kd.ekSu" ksr®udKlrKh" ie,iqïlrKh" md,kh iy fufyhùuhs'

^4& ie,iqïlrKh" ixúOdkh" wr®:l:kh" fufyhùu iy md,khhs'

^5& ksr®udKlrKh" ie,iqïlrKh" md,kh" fufyhùu iy ixúOdkhhs'

÷ wxl 06 iy 07 m%Yak" my; ±lafjk f;dr;=re u; mokï fõ'

is˙,a" wkd.;h úksúo ±lSfï ;shqKq yelshdjla we;s olaI" ;reK jHdmd˙lfhls' mdkSh c, fnda;,a i|yd

Y%S ,xldfõ fjf<|fmd< mqΩ,ajk neúka" mdkSh c, fnda;,a ksmoùfï jHdmdrhla wdrïN ls¯ug Tyq woyia

lrhs'

06. fuu jHdmdrh mj;ajdf.k hdfï° Tyq i,ld ne,sh hq;= idr®j md˙i˙l idOl muKla wvx.= jrKh

l=ula o@

^1& jr®Idm;kh" WoaOukh" md˙fNda.sl reÑh iy tal mqoa., wdodhu

^2& wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s" foaYmd,k u;" fiajl m%Yak iy rdcH iyfhda.h

^3& ;r.ld˙;ajh" ffjoH u;" wOHdmk uÜgu iy m%ñ;s iy;sl

^4& nexl= fmd,S wkqmd;" n≥ m%;sm;a;s" ;dlaI◊l †hqKqj iy „jk rgd

^5& wd.ñl úYajdi" kj kS;s y∫kajd °u" fjf<| ,l=K iy fnodye¯fï udr®.

- 9 -


07. is˙,a" fuu mdkSh c, fnda;,a i|yd b,aÆu iy iemhqu ms<sn| my; i|yka m%ldY i,ld n,hs'

A - mdkSh c, fnda;,a i|yd jk b,aÆï jl%h ú;eka jkafka c, fnda;,hl ñ, fjkiaùul° h'

B - mdkSh c, fnda;,hl fjf<|fmd< ñ, wvqjk úg" mdkSh c, fnda;,a iemhqï m%udKh wvqfõ'

C - md˙fNda.slhkaf.a wdodhï uÜgu fjkiajk úg" mdkSh c, fnda;,a i|yd b,aÆu" b,aÆï jl%h

†f.a by<g fyda my<g .uka lrhs'

D - mdkSh c, fnda;,a ksmoùu i|yd fhdod .efkk kj hka;% iQ;% wdkhkh ls¯fï n≥ bj;a

lrkq ,enqjfyd;a iemhqï jl%h ol=Kg ú;eka fõ'

fuu m%ldY w;=frka jvd;a ksjer† jkafka"

^1& A yd B h' ^2& A yd C h' ^3& A yd D h'

^4& B yd C h' ^5& B yd D h'

08. †. 20 m f,i i,lkq ,enQ oïje,lska ia:dk folla w;r ≥r uekSfï° ,enqKq ñkqu 400 m úh'

tfy;a oïjef,a i;H †." 20 m g jvd 0.05 m m%udKhlska jeä nj miqj wkdjrKh úh' ta wkqj

≥r uksk ,o ia:dk fol w;r ksjer† ≥r fldmuK o@

^1& 390 m ^2& 399 m ^3& 401 m ^4& 405 m ^5& 410 m

09. uÜgï .ekSfï l%shdj,shl° (levelling) ,nd.;a mdGdxl y;rla ms<sfj<ska 0.350 m, 0.420 m, 1.750 m yd 1.890 m fõ' fuys fojk mdGdxlh ,nd.;a miq f,j,a WmlrKh b†˙hg f.k hk ,°' m<uqjk

uÜgï ia:dkfha W!ks; Wi 96.75 m kï y;rjk mdGdxlh ,nd.;a ia:dkfha W!ks; Wi fldmuK o@

^1& 90.89 m ^2& 94.91 m ^3& 95.21 m ^4& 96.54 m ^5& 102.61 m

5

10

0

20

305F

GA

E

B

C

D10

10

10

10. rEmfha ±lafjkqfha ñkskaf∞arejl=f.a fÈa;% fmd;a igyklska Wmqgd.;a

fldgils' tys ishÆ ñkqï ógrj,sks' ABCDEFGA u.ska udhsï jk

N+ñ fldgfiys ie,eiau 1 : 1000 m˙udKhg wekao úg tys jr®.M,h

jr®. fikaáógr"

^1& 3.0 ls' ^2& 3.5 ls

^3& 4.0 ls' ^4& 35.0 ls'

^5& 40.0 ls'

11. p;=ri% ixjD; m˙l%uKhl (closed traverse) wNHka;r fldaKj, úYd,;ajh ;shfvd,hsÜgqjlska

uksk ,°' tajd 92° 00ʹ 40", 98° 00ʹ 40", 103° 00ʹ 20" iy 67° 00ʹ 20" úh' iudkqmd;sl l%uh u.ska"

m˙l%uKfha fodaI ksjer† ls¯ug tla wNHka;r fldaKhla i|yd fh†h hq;= ksrjoH;dj"

^1& − 00° 00ʹ 30" fõ' ^2& − 00° 01ʹ 20" fõ' ^3& − 00° 02ʹ 00" fõ'

^4& + 00° 00ʹ 30" fõ' ^5& + 00° 01ʹ 20" fõ'

12. oïje,a uekqu (chain surveying) ms<sn| idjoH m%ldYh f;darkak'

^1& uQ,sl isoaOdka;h ;s%fldaKSlrKhhs'

^2& úYd, ìï fldgia uekSug fhdod fkd.efka'

^3& jvd;a iq≥iq jkafka iu;,d bvï uekSug h'

^4& ñkqïj, ksrjoH;dj ms˙laiSug hd fr®Ld (tie line) fhdod .efka'

^5& úúO ia:dkj, idfmalaI msysàu ksr®Kh ls¯ug wkq,ïn l%uh fhdod .efka'

13. f.dvke.s,a,l f.ìu ksudj ms<sn|j ;SrK .ekSfï° jvd;a ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreK jkafka"

^1& ms˙jehhs' ^2& wdrlaIdjhs' ^3& wejeis fmkquhs'

^4& fm!oa.,sl leue;a;hs' ^5& f.dvke.s,af,ys Ndú;hhs'

14. f.dvke.s,a,l jy<h ieliSfï° uq≥ka hg,Sh (ridge plate) fhdod .kq ,nkafka"

^1& jy<fha nr" ì;a;s u; taldldr f,i fnod ye¯u i|yd h'

^2& wdk; ;, folla ;sriaj tlsfkl f√okh jk úg° h'

^3& wêl f;rmqï Ndrh ksid is≥jk ydksh je<elaùug h'

^4& wNsu; m˙† jy<fha yevh ,nd .ekSu i|yd h'

^5& jy< wdjrK iúls¯u myiqùu i|yd h'

- 10 -


15. modr®:hl .;s ,laIK ms<sn|j my; i|yka m%ldY i,ld n,kak'

A - >k;ajh iy mDIaGßl wd;;sh fN!;sl .=K fõ'

B - iqúldr®h;dj iy úrEmK Yla;sh hdka;%sl .=K fõ'

C - mDIaGßl wd;;sh iy wd;kH Yla;sh ;dmSh .=K fõ'

D - pH w.h iy øjdxlh ridhksl .=K fõ'

fïjd w;=frka i;H jkqfha"

^1& A yd B muKs' ^2& A yd D muKs' ^3& B yd C muKs'

^4& B yd D muKs' ^5& C yd D muKs'

16. bx.%Sis neñ l%ufhka n¢k ,o 1B m<, iDcqflda” ì;a;s uq,a,l m<uqjk j˙fhys ie,eiau ksjer†j

±lafjk rEmh l=ula o@

^5&^4&^3&^1& ^2&

17. jer .ekajqï fldkal%SÜ l=Ækl (column) m%Odk jer.ekajqï iïnkaO ls fï ksjer† m%dfhda.sl l%uh

±lafjk rEmh l=ula o@

^1& ^2& ^3& ^5&^4&

18. rΩ lΩ.,a neïul ;sìh hq;= uQ,sl ,laIKhla jkafka l=ula o@

^1& iEu j˙hlu Wi iudk ùu

^2& ne∫ï .,a" ì;a;s m<,g fh°u

^3& ;sria l=ia;=r tl t,af,a ;eîu

^4& isria l=ia;=r tl t,af,a ;eîu

^5& neïfï m<, ;ekska ;ekg fjkia ùu

19. we;=<; ñkqï" 3000 mm × 2000 mm jQ ldurhl" >klu 100 mm jQ fldkal%SÜ mqjrejl jer.ekakqï

fhdod we;s wdldrh ksjer† j ±lafjk rEmh l=ula o@

3000 3000

2000

^2&

^4& ^5&

2000

^3&

2000

^1&

- 11 -


20. f.dvke.s,a,l jev whs;u lsysmhl ñkqï tall my; ±lafõ'

A - w;a;sjdrï ldKq lemSu - >k ógr

B - fmd<j u;=msg 150 mm >klu fldkal%SÜ ±óu - jr®. ógr

C - 225 mm >klu .fvd,a ì;a;s ne|Su - >k ógr

D - lΩ.,a neïu ne|Su - >k ógr

SLS 573 : 1999 iïu; ñkqï l%uh wkqj ñkqï tall ±lafjkafka"

^1& A yd B f.ks' ^2& A yd C f.ks' ^3& A yd D f.ks'

^4& B yd C f.ks' ^5& C yd D f.ks'

21. .Dyia; c,iïmdokh iy li, c, wmjykh iïnkaO m%ldY lsysmhla my; ±lafõ' tajd w;=frka

idjoH m%ldYh l=ula o@

^1& k< udr®.j, c,h .,d hdu md,kh ls¯u i|yd lmdg (valves) fhdod .efkhs'

^2& PVC k<hl Type 1000 hkafkka woyia jkqfha k<hg ord .; yels Wmrsu mSvkhhs'

^3& c, ms˙my≥ l%shdj,shlg wh;a l%shdldrlï wkqms<sfj<ska jd;kh" ;ekam;aùu" leá .eiSu"

fmrkh yd úIîcyrKh fõ'

^4& jeisls<s Wmdx.hlg c, W.=,la fh°fuka" k< udr®.fha ≥.| yd k< ;=< isák lDóka ksjig

we;=Ωùu je<flhs'

^5& †h ne|s li, f,i jeisls<s wmøjH o >k li, f,i uqΩ;ekaf.hs wmøjH o jr®. flfr®'

22. iDcq bksu.la" tys my< fl<jr ;sria fmd<jla u; yd by< fl<jr m,xÑhlg fya;a;= lr ;nd

Ndú; lsrSfï° jvd;a wdrlaIs; ùu i|yd bksuf.a my< fl<jr yd m,xÑh w;r mj;ajd .; hq;=

;sria ≥r;a isria Wi;a w;r ksjer† wkqmd;h l=ulao@

^1& 1 : 1 ^2& 1 : 2 ^3& 1 : 3 ^4& 1 : 4 ^5& 2 : 1

23. Y%S ,xldfõ b†ls ï fCIa;%fha Ndú;jk iïu; ICTAD iy SLS wdh;kj,ska ilia lr we;' ta wkqj

my; ±lafjk m%ldY w;=frka" idjoH m%ldYh f;darkak'

^1& ICTAD iïu;j,g wkqj isfuka;s uekSug fhd∞.efkk ñkqï fmÜáfha udk 400 × 350 × 290 mm fõ'

^2& ICTAD iïu;j,g wkqj idudkH fmdaÜ,kaâ isfuka;s i|yd wjidk iúùfï ld,h meh 10 g jvd

jeäúh hq;=h'

^3& ICTAD iïu;j,g wkqj lïìfhka lemQ .fvd,l idudkH iïmSvk m%;Hdn,h 10 N mm−2 g

wvq fkdúh hq;=h'

^4& SLS 375 iïu;j,g wkqj kdrá jdfka (Ribbed steel) lïìhl ;sìh hq;= wju wd;kH m%;Hdn,h

460 N mm−2 fõ'

^5& SLS 39 iïu;j,g wkqj .fvd,l iïu; ñkqï 225 × 112.5 × 75 mm fõ'

24. f,day fldgil is≥rla ú°ug fmr wkq.ukh l< hq;= uQ,sl mshjr jkqfha"

^1& f,day fldgi u;=msg /ySuhs'

^2& f,day fldgi u;=msg mS˙.Euhs'

^3& l,mdifhka i,l=Kla fh°uhs'

^4& ue†fmdxÑhla yd ñáhla Ndú;fhka i,l=Kla fh°uhs'

^5& f,day fldgfia is≥re ú†h hq;= ia:dkh mekai,lska i,l=Kq ls¯uhs'

25. f,day fldgia folla tlsfklg ia:ßrj iïnkaO l< yelafla"

^1& we,ùu (bonding) u.sks' ^2& uQÜgq ls¯u (joining) u.sks'

^3& ±ä mEiaiqï (welding) u.sks' ^4& ñáhï ls¯u (riveting) u.sks'

^5& fmdg weK fh°u (nut and bolt) u.sks'

26. tka‚ul lmdg mr;rhla (valve clearance) msysgqùfï m%Odk wruqK úh hq;af;a"

^1& lmdg moaO;sfha is≥jk m%idrKhg bv°u h'

^2& lmdg moaO;sfha ldnka ne|Su je<elaùu h'

^3& lmdg moaO;sh fyd|ska iafkaykh ls¯u h'

^4& lmdg uqyqr®;kfha ksrjoH;dj mj;ajd .ekSu h'

^5& lmdg Tiafia jeä jdhq m%udKhla weo .ekSu h'

- 12 -


27. l=vd fldka fnhd˙u (small-end bearing) we;af;a fudagr® r: tka‚ul l=uk Wmdx. iïnkaO jk

ia:dkfha o@

^1& msiagka w; (connecting rod) iy oÛr l| (crankshaft) ^2& msiagka w; iy msiagkh

^3& oÛr l| iy tka‚ï n|

^4& leñ oKav (camshaft) iy tka‚ï n|

^5& uq≥ka oKav iy cj frdaoh

28. tka‚ul –j,k ms<sfj< (firing order) hkq"

^1& is,skavr wxlkh lr we;s mss<sfj<hs' ^2& m%Odk cr®k,a msysgd we;s ms<sfj<hs'

^3& n, myr we;s lrk ms<sfj<hs' ^4& msiagka msysgd we;s ms<sfj<hs'

^5& lmdg msysgd we;s ms<sfj<hs'

29. fudagr® r:hl –j,k moaO;shg wh;a ixrplhla fkdjkafka"

^1& mq<sÛ= fmakqj h' ^2& neg˙h h' ^3& úiamr®Yl ;=vq h'

^4& –j,k oÛrh h' ^5& ;dm fmakqj h'

30' tka‚ul myr (stroke) hkq"

^1& msiagkfha Wm˙u úia:dmkhhs' ^2& msiagka wf;a †.hs'

^3& msiagkfha Wihs' ^4& oÛr lf|ys cr®k,a w;r ≥rhs'

^5& is,skavrfha iïmQr®K Wihs'

31. fudagr® r:hl tka‚fuka iemfhk n,h iy fõ.h" r:fha Odjkhg wjYH m˙† yiqrejd .ekSug

Ndú; flfrk" iïfm%aIK moaO;shg wh;a ixrplh jkqfha"

^1& wdka;r (differential) lÜg,hhs' ^2& wjr fm;s l|hs'

^3& .shr fmÜáhhs' ^4& la,É tl,ihs'

^5& meojqï wlaI o~qhs'

32. –j,k oÛrhla (ignition coil) uÛska is≥ flfrkqfha"

^1& ú≥,s mq<sÛ=jla we;s ls¯uhs' ^2& wê fjda,aàh;djla ksmoùuhs'

^3& wê fjda,aàh;djla fnodye¯uhs' ^4& wê Odrdjla ksmoùuhs'

^5& wê Odrdjla fnod ye¯uhs'

33. YS;lrKhl" iïmSvlfhka mgkaf.k pl%Shj Wmdx. iïnkaO jk ms<sfj< l=ula o@

^1& øúldrlh" øj .nvdlrKh yd úh<lh" ;dm ia:ß;sl m%idrK lmdgh" jdIamSldrlh

^2& øj .nvdlrKh yd úh<lh" ;dm ia:ß;sl m%idrK lmdgh" jdIamSldrlh" øúldrlh

^3& øj .nvdlrKh yd úh<lh" øúldrlh" jdIamSldrlh" ;dm ia:ß;sl m%idrK lmdgh

^4& ;dm ia:ß;sl m%idrK lmdgh" jdIamSldrlh" øúldrlh" øj .nvdlrKh yd úh<lh

^5& jdIamSldrlh" øúldrlh" øj .nvdlrKh yd úh<lh" ;dm ia:ß;sl m%idrK lmdgh

34. ødj cj iïfm%aIK moaO;shl (hydraulic power transmission system) Yla;s iemhqï fmdïmfha isg

l%shdldrlh f;la iïnkaO jk fldgia ms<sfj<ska"

^1& ixd ms˙ieliqï lmdgh" †Yd md,k lmdgh" wd∞k lmdgh fõ'

^2& wd∞k lmdgh" †Yd md,k lmdgh" ixd ms˙ieliqï lmdgh fõ'

^3& wd∞k lmdgh" ixd ms˙ieliqï lmdgh" †Yd md,k lmdgh fõ'

^4& †Yd md,k lmdgh" wd∞k lmdgh" ixd ms˙ieliqï lmdgh fõ'

^5& †Yd md,k lmdgh" ixd ms˙ieliqï lmdgh" wd∞k lmdgh fõ'

35. fjkapQ˙ (venturi) ls%hdj,sh Ndú; fkdjk Wmdx.hla jkafka"

^1& úisrlhhs' (spray gun) ^2& ir, úisrl w;afmdïmhhs' (hand spray gun) ^3& ldìhqfr®grhhs' (carburetter) ^4& fmdaIK fmdïmhhs' (feed pump) ^5& ;dm ia:ß;sl m%idrK lmdghhs' (thermostatic expansion valve)

- 13 -


36. wdudk mSvkh (gauge pressure) hkq"

^1& ksrfmalaI mSvkfhka jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh wvq l< úg ,efnk w.hhs'

^2& jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkfhka ksrfmalaI mSvkh wvq l< úg ,efnk w.hhs'

^3& jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkfhka ˙la; mSvkh wvq l< úg ,efnk w.hhs'

^4& ksrfmalaI mSvkhg jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh tl;= l< úg ,efnk w.hhs'

^5& ˙la; mSvkhg jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh tl;= l< úg ,efnk w.hhs'

37. cd;sl cj iemhqfuys l,d fjda,aàh;dj yd ux fjda,aàh;dj ms<sfj<ska"

^1& 220 V yd 400 V fõ' ^2& 230 V yd 400 V fõ' ^3& 230 V yd 415 V fõ'

^4& 240 V yd 400 V fõ' ^5& 250 V yd 400 V fõ'

38. .Dy úoHq;a (domestic electrical) m˙m:hlg ú≥,sh iemhSfï°"

A - ukqj (meter) B - mekakqï jyrej (trip switch) C - fnod ye¯fï mqjrej (distribution board) D - m%Odk jyrej (main switch) hk m%Odk WmlrK iïnkaO l< hq;= wkqms<sfj< l=ula o@

^1& A, B, C, D ^2& A, D, B, C ^3& A, D, C, B

^4& D, B, C, A ^5& D, C, B, A

39. ú≥,s bx‚fkare wdh;kfha (IEE) jr®;udk fr.=,dis wkqj" iemhqfï isg flfjks msgqjdkhlg we;s

úh yels Wm˙u úNj neiau yd l,d /yek iïnkaO l< hq;= †Ydj ms<sfj<ska"

^1& 2.5%, ol=Kq miska fõ' ^2& 2.5%, jï miska fõ'

^3& 4.0%, ol=Kq miska fõ' ^4& 4.0%, jï miska fõ'

^5& 4.0%, ´kEu me;a;lska fõ'

40. ir, Odrd cklhl W;amdokh jk úoHq;a .dul n,h (Eg) r|d fkdmj;skafka my; i|yka l=uk

idOlh u; o@

^1& cklfha N%uK fõ.h

^2& cklfha O%ej ixLHdj

^3& cklfha tla tla pqïnl O%ejfha pqïnl i%djh

^4& ú≥,sh ,nd .kakd oÛrj, fmdg .Kk

^5& wdfïpr ikakdhlj, m%;sfrdaOh

41. ir, Odrd fY%a◊ t;=ï jr®.fha ú≥,s fudagr" fkdner (no load) fyda wvq ner (light load) ;;a;aj

hgf;a l%shd;aul fkdl< hq;af;a"

^1& fudagrfha ldr®hÈu;dj b;d wvq jk neúks'

^2& wdfïprfha N%uK fõ.h wêl ù th úkdY úh yels neúks'

^3& wvq ner wjia:dj,° cj Od˙;dj wmf;a hk neúks'

^4& fudagrfha jeä fjda,aàh;d neiaula we;s úh yels neúks'

^5& fudagrh Odjkh jk úg wêl Odrdjla .,d hd yels neúks'

42. my; kï lr we;s tl,d fm%arK fudagr jr®. (single phase induction motor) i,lkak'

A - wdjrK O%ej fudagr (shaded pole motor) B - Od˙;%l wdrïNl fudagr (capacitor start motor) C - Od˙;%l Odjk fudagr (capacitor run motor) D - Od˙;%l wdrïNl yd Od˙;%l Odjk fudagr (capacity start and capacity run motor) E - me,s l,d fudagr (split phase motor) fïjd w;=frka" wju wdrïNl jHdjr®;hla (torque) we;s fudagr jr®.h;a Wm˙u wdrïN jHdjr®;hla we;s

fudagr jr®.h;a ms<sfj<ska"

^1& A yd B h' ^2& A yd C h' ^3& A yd D h'

^4& D yd A h' ^5& D yd E h'

- 14 -


A

VS L ~

43. rEmfha oelafjk mrsm:fha VS hkq ixLHd;h fjkia l< yels

m%;Hdjr®; Odrd iemhquls' fuu iemhqu" A u.ska olajd we;s Wmdx.

hla yryd L myklg iïnkaO lr we;' VS j, ixLHd;h jeä

lrkq ,nk úg" myfkys wdf,dalh jeä fõ' A Wmdx.h l=ula úh

yels o@

^1& m%;sfrdaOhls' ^2& fm%arlhls' ^3& vfhdavhls'

^4& Od˙;%lhls' ^5& ú≥,s mykls'

~

~

6.2 VD1

D2 5.6 V

Vout 20 V

44. rEmfha oelafjk m˙m:h únerlg iïnkaO lr we;'

fikr® vfhdavj, fmr keUqre fjda,aàh;dj 0.6 V kï" m%;sodk ;rx.fha yevh iy m%;sodk fjda,aàh;dj

Vout ±lafjk rEmigyk l=ula o@

t

V

t

(5)

0

6.8

−5.6

V

t

(4)

0

6.2

−5.6

V

t

(3)

0

6.8

−6.2

V

(2)

0

10

−5.6

V

t

(1)

0

−10

6.2

45. rEmfha ±lafjk ixfhdack ;r®l m˙m:fha m%;sodkh i|yd ksjer† i;H;d igyk l=ula o@

ZB

A

^1& A B Z0 0 10 1 11 0 01 1 0

^2& A B Z0 0 00 1 11 0 11 1 0

^3& A B Z0 0 00 1 01 0 11 1 1

^4& A B Z0 0 10 1 01 0 01 1 1

^5& A B Z0 0 10 1 01 0 11 1 0

- 15 -


~

10 V 1 kΩ

5.6 V

− +

1 kΩ

LDR

100 kΩ

VO

46. rEmfha ±lafjkafka ldrl jr®Olhla fh¥ ixikaol

m˙m:hls' tys LDR fj;g wdf,dalh fkdjefgk úg

m%;sodk fjda,aàh;dj fldmuK o@

^1& 0 V ^2& 2.8 V ^3& 5.0 V ^4& 5.6 V ^5& 10.0 V

1

2 3 4

47. rEmfha ±lafjkafka l%uf,aÅ; ;r®l md,k moaO;shlg (PLC) wod<

leá igykls (block diagram)' tys 1" 2" 3 iy 4 uÛska wxlkh lr

we;af;a ms<sfj<ska"

^1& uOH ieliqï tallh (CPU)" m%odkh" m%;sodkh yd u;lhhs'

^2& uOH ieliqï tallh" m%;sodkh" m%odkh yd u;lhhs'

^3& u;lh" m%odkh" m%;sodkh yd uOH ieliqï tallhhs'

^4& u;lh" m%odkh" uOH ieliqï tallh yd m%;sodkhhs'

^5& u;lh" m%;sodkh" uOH ieliqï tallh yd m%odkhhs'

m%odkh m%;sodkh

md,k w.%h

48. rEmfha ±lafjk m˙† fY%aKs.; o;a; iïfm%aIK udr®.hl

isg hï m˙m:hlg o;a; ,nd .ekSug wjYH jQ úg tys

fj;g fh†h hq;= oajdrh (gate) l=ula o@

^md,k w.%fhys l%shdld¯ ;r®l ;;a;ajh 1 f,i i,lkak'&

^1& AND ^2& OR ^3& X - OR ^4& NAND ^5& NOR

49. m%;Hdjr®; Odrd fjda,aàh;djla" ir, Odrd fjda,aàh;djla njg m;a ls¯ug iDcqlrKh Ndú; flfr®'

iDcqlrKfha° únerg (load) .uka lrk /,s;s fjda,aàh;dj yels ;rï wvq l< hq;=h' /,s;s fjda,aàh;dj

jeäùug fya;=j jkafka"

^1& úner jeäùuhs'

^2& m%;sodk Odrdj wvqùuhs'

^3& iqug Od˙;%l w.h jeäùuhs'

^4& mQr®K ;rx. iDcqlrKh Ndú; ls¯uhs'

^5& fY%aKs.;j fm%arlhla iïnkaO ù ;sîuhs'

50' c, ú≥,s n,d.drhl" c,dYfha isg ú≥,s n,d.drfha wjidk c, msgjqï wka;h f;la c,h .,dhdfï°

miq lrkq ,nk fldgia my; ±lafõ'

A - Wu. (tunnel) B - c,dYh (reservoir) C - ir®ck l=àrh (surge chamber) D - ;, nukh (turbine) E - k< je, (penstock) F - miq jej (tailrace) by; i|yka fldgia tlsfkl iïnkaO jk wkqms<sfj< jkqfha"

^1& A, B, D, E, F, C h' ^2& B, A, C, E, D, F h' ^3& B, A, E, C, D, F h'

^4& B, C, A, D, E, F h' ^5& B, E, A, C, D, F h'

* * *

- 16 -



II m;%h

jHQy.; rpkd iy rpkd

ie,lsh hq;=hs (

∗ A fldgfia ishÆ u m%Yakj,g fuu m;%fhau ms<s;=re imhkak' tla tla m%Yakhg ,l=Kq

60 ne.ska ysñ fõ'

∗ B, C iy D fldgiaj,ska tla fldgilska wvqu jYfhka tla m%Yakhlaj;a ne.ska f;dard .ksñka

m%Yak y;rlg muKla ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;=h' tla tla m%Yakhg ,l=Kq 90 ne.ska ysñ fõ'

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- 17 -


!"#$"!

- 18 -


2. fmdf<djg iú lr we;s weUreï hka;%hla (grinding machine) l%shd;aul lrùu i|yd wjYH f;l,d

ú≥,s fudagrhla o fmdf<djg iú ls¯ug fhda‚;j we;' jer.ekajQ fldkal%SÜ fmdf<dfõ" kshñ;

ia:dkh ta i|yd fldkal%SÜ lsrSug bv ;nd we;' wod< úia;r my; oelafõ'

* ú≥,s fudagrh yd weUreï hka;%h w;r ;sria ≥r 1.5 m úh hq;=h'

* mdou ;yvqjla (base plate) u.ska ú≥,s fudagrh fmdf<djg iú flfr®' ta i|yd 12 mm × 200 mm weK iy uq˙ÉÑ (nuts & bolts) fhdod .efka'

* f;l,d (three phase) ú≥,s fudagrfha Èu;dj (power) 3 kW fõ'

(i) weK (bolts) fmdf<djg .s,aùu i|yd wjYH fldkal%SÜ ñY%Kfhys isfuka;s ( je,s ( .,a wkqmd;h

l=ula o@

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

(ii) ú≥,s fudagrh iú ls¯ug fmr ksYaÑ; ld,hla fldkalS%Ü moï l< (curing) hq;=h'

(a) fufia fldkal%SÜ moï ls¯fï ;dlaI◊l wjYH;dj l=ula o@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

(b) fldkal%SÜ moï ls¯fï l%uhla i|yka lrkak'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

(iii) foo¯ïj,g Tfrd;a;= fok m˙† weK iy uq ÉÑ iú ls fï° iy ú≥,s fudagrh fmdf<djg iú

ls fï° .; hq;= l%shdudr®. folla ,shkak'

1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 08&

(iv) ú≥,s fudagrfha N%uK †Ydj fjkia ls¯u u.ska weUreï hka;%fha N%uK †Ydj fjkia ls¯u i|yd

fhdod .; yels ir,u ú≥,s ;dlaIK l%ufõoh l=ula o@

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

(v) ú≥,s fudagrh Odjkh wdrïN ls¯u i|yd iDcq ux (DOL) wdrïNl l%uh Ndú; lrkq ,nkafka

wehs@

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

(vi) ú≥,s fudagrh iy mqoa.,hka ú≥,s wk;=rej,ska wdrlaId ls¯u i|yd ú≥,s m˙m:h ia:dmkh ls¯fï°

wkq.ukh l< hq;= mQr®fjdamdhla ne.ska ,shkak'

1' ú≥,s fudagrh ( ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' mqoa.,hka ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 08&

(vii) fuys° fudagrfha cjh" weUreï hka;%h fj; iïfm%aIKh ls¯u i|yd me;,s má (flat belts) Ndú;

ls¯ug fya;=jla ,shkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

- 19 -


(viii) we;eï wjia:dj,° cj iïfm%aIKh i|yd me;,s má fjkqjg V má (V belts) Ndú; ls¯fï jdishla

i|yka lrkak'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

(ix)(a) fuu moaO;shg cjh iemhSu i|yd ú≥,s fudagrh fjkqjg Ndú; l< yels úl,am l%uhla fhdackd

lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

(b) by; fhdackd lrk ,o l%ufhys jdishla i|yka lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

(x) hdka;%sl cj iïfm%aIKfha ldr®hÈu;dj by< kexùu i|yd Ndú; l< hq;= Wml%u folla ,shkak'

1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 08&

3.(i)(a) §bx‚fkare ;dlaIKfõoh¶ hkak wr®:l:kh lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 04&

(b) ;dCIKfha Ndú; yd ixialD;sl m˙jr®;k mokï lr .ksñka ;dCIKfõofha úldYh hq. mylg

fjka lrkq ,nhs' tajd wkqms<sfj<ska kï lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 04&

(ii)(a) ;dlaIK úldYfha m%n, yerjqï ,laIH folla kï lrkak'

1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 04&

(b) kj ;dCIKh Ndú;h;a iu. uq,a ;dCIKh neyer flfrk wjia:d o ±lsh yelsh' tjeks wjia:d

folla ,shd olajkak'

1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 04&

- 20 -


(iii) hïlsis ldr®hhl †.= ld,Skj kshe,Su fya;=fjka mqoa.,hl=f.a úúO bkaøshj,g we;s lrk n,mEu

ms<sn|j iqfLdamfhda.S úoHdfõ° (Ergonomics) wOHhkh flfr®' ta wkqj fmofr®re Ys,amshl= ish ldr®hfha

kshe,sfï° is≥ úh yels iqfLdamfhda.S wdm∞ (Ergonomic hazards) y;rla kï lrkak'

1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 08&

(iv) fudagr® r: wÆ;ajeähd flfrk ia:dkhl we;s úh yels wdm∞ j<lajd .ekSu i|yd .; yels

ls%hdudr®. y;rla i|yka lrkak'

1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 08&

(v) úúO fya;= ksid we;sjk .sks jr®. y;rla yd .sks ksjk WmlrK jr®. y;rla my; j.=fõ ±lafõ'

.sks jr®.h wkqj Ndú; l< yels WmlrKh b†˙fha √ ,l=K fhd∞ w∞< j.=j iïmQr®K lrkak'

Tng Ndú; l< yels Wm˙u √ ,l=Kq ixLHdj 10ls'

.sks jr®.h

.sks ksjk WmlrKfha jr®Kh yd wka;r®.;h

r;=

^c,h&

(water)

,d ly

^fmk&

(foam)

lΩ

^ldnkavfhdlaihsâ&

(CO2)

ks,a

^úh<s l=vq&

(dry powder)

lv∞is $ ,S $ fr†ms<s

fmÜr,a $ N+ñf;,a $ bá $

;Ska; $ .%Sia

ú≥,s

hka;% yd jdyk

^,l=Kq 20&

(vi) uhsfl%dógr bial=remamq wdudkhlska ñkqï ,nd .kakd úg" ñkqï f∞aI wju lr .ekSu i|yd

wkq.ukh l< hq;= ls%hdudr®. folla i|yka lrkak'

1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 04&

- 21 -


(vii) WIaK;ajh uekSu i|yd µerkayhsÜ m˙udKh;a fi,aishia m˙udKh;a Ndú; flfr®' fuu m˙udK

folu fr®Çh jk w;r" c,fha øjdxlh;a ;dmdxlh;a µerkayhsÜ m˙udKfhka ms<sfj<ska 32 °F iy

212 °F jk w;r fi,aishia m˙udKfhka ms<sfj<ska 0 °C iy 100 °C fõ'

µerkayhsÜ m˙udKfhka lshjk ,o mdGdxlhla fi,aishia m˙udKhg yerùu i|yd iq≥iq iQ;%hla

jHq;amkak lrkak'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 04&

4. liqka" hka;%dkqidrfhka isfuka;s íf,dla .,a ksIamdokh lr úl=Kk Y%S ,dxlsl jHjidhlfhls '

jHdmdrh wdrïN lr jirla .; ù we;s w;r íf,dla .,aj, by< .=Kd;aulNdjh ksid Tyqg

úYd, md˙fNda.sl ms˙ila isá;s' we;eï wjia:dj, b,aÆu imqrd,Sug fkdyels ùu ksid úúO

.egÆj,g uqyqK°ug is≥fõ' Tyqf.a ñ;=rka isõfokl= jHdmdrhg iïnkaO lr f.k kj hka;%

lsysmhla o tla lr jHdmdrh ;j≥rg;a jr®Okh ls¯ug liqka woyia lrhs'

(a) (i) liqkaf.a jHdmdrh l=uk jr®.fha jHdmdrhla o@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 02&

(ii) fuu jHdmdrfha we;s Yla;s (strengths) folla kï lrkak'

1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 04&

(b) (i) liqka ;u ñ;=rkag o whs;sh ,efnk m˙† §K & M íf,dla .,a ksIamdolfhda¶ kñka ;u jHdmdrh

,shdm†xÑ ls¯ug woyia lrkafka kï" tfia ,shdm†xÑ l< hq;af;a l=uk mk;lg wkqj o@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 02&

(ii) kj jHdmdrh mj;ajdf.k hdfï° we;s úh yels ;r®ck (threats) folla kï lrkak'

1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 04&

(iii) §K & M íf,dla .,a ksIamdolfhda¶ jHdmdrh ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk íf,dla .,aj, b,aÆu

;SrKh ùug n,mdk m%Odk idOl ;=kla kï lrkak'

1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 06&

- 22 -


(iv) §K & M íf,dla .,a ksIamdolfhda¶ jHdmdrhg wruqo,a imhd .; yels wNHka;r uQ,H udr®.

folla kï lrkak'

1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

(v) §K & M íf,dla .,a ksIamdolfhda¶ jHdmdrhg w∞<j ° we;s f;dr;=re Ndú; lrñka" my;

m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

íf,dla .,l úl=Kqï ñ, re' 42

jehjk wuqøjHj, ñ, re' 22

íf,dla .,la ksIamdokh i|yd jehjk Y%uh re' 08

íf,dla .,la i|yd jehjk úp,H fmd≥ldr®h ms˙jeh re' 06

udisl ìï l=,sh re' 60 000

udisl ia:djr ≥rl:k .dia;= re' 10 000

udisl hka;% kv;a;= fiajd úhou re' 30 000

udisl fiajl fõ;k re' 26 000

(1) ia:djr ms˙jeh .Kkh lrkak' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(2) úp,H ms˙jeh .Kkh lrkak' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 08&

(3) iyNd.h .Kkh lrkak' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

(4) iuÉf√o ,laIHh .Kkh lrkak' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 04&

(5) ,dN iuÉf√ok tall m%udKh" ±kg mj;sk m%udKhg jvd wju tall m%udKhlska ,nd

.ekSug .; hq;= l%shdudr®.hla fhdackd lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 02&

- 23 -


(vi) liqka fuu jHdmdrh fjkqfjka wf,úlrK ie,iqula ksr®udKh ls¯u i|yd Tnf.a iyh m;hs'

wf,úlrK ie,iqul mshjr ±lafjk fia my; j.=j iïmQr®K lrkak'

mshjr wruqK$ ldr®hh

(1) iuia; wruqK wdh;khg$ wf,úlrK ie,iqug wjYH uQ,sl uÛ

fmkaùu

(2) wf,úlrK ú.Kkh

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

..........................................................................................

(3) ........................................ ........................................ wdh;kfha Yla;s" ≥r®j,;d yd wjia:d úYaf,aIKh ls¯u

(4) wf,úlrK wruqKq

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

(5) ........................................ ........................................ wf,úlrK wruqKq bgqlr .kakd wdldrh

(6) wf,úlrK jevigyka

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

(7) whjeh wf,úlrK ie,iqu l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd wjYH whjeh

weia;fïka;= ls¯u

(8) ls%hd;aul ls¯u wf,úlrK ie,iqu l%shd;aul ls¯u

(9) md,kh

wf,úlrK ie,iqfuys m%.;sh uek wfmalaIs; wdldrhg

l%shd;aul jkafkao hkak fiùu yd ksjer† ls¯fï Wmdh

udr®. .ekSu

^,l=Kq 02 × 5 = 10&

- 24 -


B fldgi - rpkd îsú,a ;dlaIKfõoh&

* fuu fldgfika wju jYfhka tla m%Yakhlgj;a ms<s;=re imhkak' tla tla m%Yakhg ,l=Kq 90 ne.ska

,efí'

5.(a) ksjil fldkal%SÜ jHQyhl u;=msg mDIaGh .,A u;= ù ó jo (honey combed) wdldrfha is≥re iys;

ksudjla we;s nj ks¯laIKh lrk ,°' tfukau jHQyh ld,hla .; jQ miq is≥re wdldrfha ksudj

fkdue;s mDIaGj, o u;=msg mDIaGh mqmqrd jer.ekakqï †rd m;ajk ,laIK ks¯laIKh l< yels úh'

(i) fldkal%SÜ mDIaGfhys ó jo wdldrfha is≥re iys; ksudjla we;s ùug fya;= ;=kla ,shkak'

^,l=Kq 09&

(ii) u;=msg mDIaGh mqmqrd jer.ekajqï u;= ù u< ne£ug fya;= ;=kla ,shkak' ^,l=Kq 09&

(iii) fuys ° we;s ≥r®j,;d j<lajd .ksñka .=Kd;aul fldkal%SÜ jHQyhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd fldkal%SÜ

ñY% ls¯u" ;ekam;a ls¯u" iqixykh yd moï ls¯u hk tla tla wjia:dfõ° ie,lsh hq;= lreKq fol

ne.ska i|yka lrkak' ^,l=Kq 24&

(b)(i) f.dvke.s,a,la u; fhfok Ndr jr®. kï lr" tu tla tla Ndr jr®.h i|yd tla WodyrKh ne.ska

olajñka fláfhka meye†,s lrkak' ^,l=Kq 28&

(ii) f.dvke.s,a,l w;a;sjdrï jr®. w;= ka ir, má w;a;sjdrul (plain strip foundation) rEm igykla

we|" ta u; my; i|yka fldgia kï lrkak'

÷ lhsre ì;a;sh (plinth wall) ÷ úh<s mia msrjqu (earth filling) ÷ f;;a ksjdrK jeáh (DPC) ÷ lhsre lmrdrej (plinth plastering) ÷ m;=,a máh (skirting) ^,l=Kq 20&

6. fhda‚; mka;s ldurhl ie,eiau yd yrialv úia;rh rEmfhys ±lafõ' tys w;a;sjdrï ldKq lemSu"

300 mm >klñka hq;a lΩ.,A neïu yd 225 mm >klñka hq;a .fvd,a neïu ^fodr cfk,a wvq ls¯ï

fkdue;sj& i|yd m%udK .ekSfï m;% (TDS) ilia lrkak' fï i|yd ° we;s wdlD;sh Ndú; lrkak'

Sri Lanka Standards 573 : 1999 f,aLkfhys Section D - Excavation and Earthwork, Section G1 - Brick work / Block work, Section G2 - Stone work g wod< ksr®foaY fhdod .kak'

W W

W

A

D

12000

8000

900

50 150 uqÿka hg,Sh

fmd<j uÜgu

100 50 mrd,

450

300

3000

1400

300

900

225

75

PRO

DU

CED

BY

AN

AU

TOD

ESK

ED

UC

ATI

ON

AL

PRO

DU

CT


PRO

DU

CED

BY A

N A

UTO

DESK

EDU

CA

TION

AL PR

OD

UC

T


fmd<j uÜgu

50 × 150 uq≥ka hg,Sh100 × 50 mrd,

^,l=Kq 90&

- 25 -


m%Yak wxlh ( úNd. wxlh (

T D S úia;rh T D S úia;rh

- 26 -


C fldgi - rpkd ^hdka;%sl ;dlaIKfõoh&


,efí'

7. >klu 2 mm jk ;yvqjlska my; rEmfha ±lafjk ie,eiau wkqj fldkaämÜgula ksIamdokh l< hq;=

fõ'

2080

100

4

151525

515

Ø4x3Nos.

A C

2

1.5

4

3

B

PRO

DU

CED

BY

AN

AU

TOD

ESK

ED

UC

ATI

ON

AL

PRO

DU

CT


PRO

DU

CED

BY A

N A

UTO

DESK

EDU

CA

TION

AL PR

OD

UC

T


(i) tys A, B ^ysr weKh& yd C f,i ,l=Kq lr we;s tla tla ixrplh ksIamdokh ls¯u i|yd fhd∞

.; yels wuqøjHhla ne.ska kï lr" tu wuqøjHh f;dard.ekSfï° ie,lsh hq;= .=Kdx. fol ne.ska

,shkak' ^,l=Kq 15&

(ii) fuys A ixrplfhys fmkajd we;s is≥re úo ilia lr .ekSu i|yd fhda.H ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhys

mshjr wkqms<sfj<ska úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30&

(iii) fuys C ixrplfhys fmkajd we;s is≥r ilialr ksud lr .ekSu i|yd fhda.H ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhys

mshjr wkqms<sfj<ska úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30&

(iv) fldkaämÜgfuys .=Kd;aul ksudj iy l,a meje;au ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd fhd∞ .; yels ksIamdok

l%shdj,sfhys mshjr fudkjdo@ ^,l=Kq 15&

8. (i) tka‚ul Wm˙u cj m%;sodkh ,nd .ekSu i|yd o bkaOk m˙fNdackh wju ls u i|yd o tka‚u

l%shdld˙ WIaK;ajfha mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 15&

(ii) tka‚fï l%shdld˙ WIaK;ajh md,kh ls¯ug WIaK;aj md,k lmdgh (thermostat valve) ∞hl

jkafka flfia±hs úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30&

(iii) wNHka;r oyk tkacsulg .shr fmÜáhla fhd∞.ekSfï wjYH;dj meye†,s lr" tfia fhdod .efkk

.shr fmÜá jr®. folla kï lrkak' ^,l=Kq 15&

(iv) A . B. S. frdaOl ^;s˙x.& l%ufha iqúfYaI;d y;rla i|yka lr" ta tl tlla úia;r lrkak'

^,l=Kq 30&

- 27 -


D fldgi - rpkd ^ú≥,s yd bf,lafg%dksl ;dlaIKfõoh&


ysñfõ'

9. (i) Od˙;%lhla yd m%;sfrdaOlhla fY%a◊.; j we;s tl,d m%;Hdjr®; Odrd m˙m:hl rEmigykla we|" tys

tla tla Wmdx.h w;r úNj wka;rh yd Odrdj msysgk wdldrh l,d rEm igykla u.ska olajkak'

^,l=Kq 15&

(ii) isú,sï mxld fudagrhl m˙m: rEmigykla my; ±lafõ'

Odjk oÛrh

wdrïNl oÛrh

230V 50Hz

÷÷

(a) m˙m:fhys Odjk oÛrhg wod< ú≥,s iu;=,H m˙m: rEmigyk we|" tys m%Odk ix>gl kï

lrkak' ^,l=Kq 05&

(b) tu tla tla ix>glh yryd fjda,aàh;dj iy tajd ;=<ska .,k Odrdj l,d rEm igykla u.ska

olajkak' ^,l=Kq 05&

(c) tu isú,sï mxldjg 230 V, 50 Hz iemhqula ,nd≥ka úg Odjk o`.rh yryd 0.5 A Odrdjla ,nd

.ksñka mxldj l%shd;aul jk úg iemhqï fjda,aàh;dj iy Odrdj w;r l,d fldaKh 60° la

fõ' iïndOk ;%sfldaKh Ndú;fhka iïndOkh" m%;sfrdaOh iy fm%arK m%;sndOkh .Kkh

lrkak' ^,l=Kq 35&

(iii) ú≥,s cj W;amdokh" iïfm%aIKh iy fnod ye¯u hk iuia; l%shdj,sh ksrEmKh ls¯u i|yd my;

rEmigykska b†˙m;a fldg we;s ;kssfr®Ld igyfkys (single line diagram) A, B, C, D iy E f,i

olajd we;s m˙Kdul wêlr o wjlr o hkak;a ta tla tla mrsKdulfha fjda,aàh;d wkqmd;h;a

i|yka lrkaak' ^,l=Kq 10&

A

B

lr®udka; md˙fNda.slhdG úoHq;a cklh

11 kV

33 kV 11 kV

D

C

E

l=vd m˙udK

lr®udka; md˙fNda.slhd

415 kV

.Dyia: md˙fNda.slhd

1 ø 3 ø

(iv) f;l,d 415 V, 50 Hz m%u; fjda,aàh;dfjka yd ixLHd;fhka l%shd;aul jk lr®udka;Yd,Sh ú≥,s

md˙fNda.slhl= i|yd iemhqï wêldrsfha wjika fnodye¯fï m˙Kdulhla u.ska ú≥,s cjh imhkq

,nk wdldrh" m˙Kdulfha t;=ïj, iïnkaOl l%u iy wod< fjda,aàh;d o iu.ska m˙m: igykla

u.ska we| olajkak' ^,l=Kq 20&

- 28 -


10. (i) g%dkaisiagrhla iaúÉphla f,i Ndú; l< úg" tu iaúÉph hdka;%sl iaúÉphlg jvd ldr®hÈu jk

fya;= ;=kla i|yka lrkak' ^,l=Kq 15&

(ii) rEmfha ±lafjkafka iaúÉphla f,i fhdod .; yels ir, m˙m:hls' fuu m˙m:fha ;s;a fr®Ldj,ska

olajd we;s ikakdhlh úikaê jQ úg LED ±,afõ'

IB

RC

X

Y

RB

5 V

m˙m:fha l%shdld˙;ajh úia;r lrkak'

fuu m˙m:h m%dfhda.slj fhdod .; yels wjia:djla ,shkak' (VBE = 0.6 V fõ') ^,l=Kq 25&

(iii) IB = 100 μA kï RB ys w.h .Kkh lrkak' ^,l=Kq 25&

(iv) ms<shjkhla (relay) l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd wjYH Odrdj fuu g%dkaisiagrfhka ,nd .; fkdyels kï

;j;a g%dkaisiagrhla fhdod ms<shjkh l%shd;aul lrùu i|yd fuu m˙m:h jeä†hqKq lrk wdldrh

m˙m: rEm igykla Ndú;fhka úia;r lrkak'

^,l=Kq 25&

* * *


- 29 -

65 - bx‚fkare ;dÈKfõoh - m%dfhda.sl m¯laIKh

w'fmd'i'^Wiia fm<& úNd.fha ° bx‚fkare ;dÈKfõoh úIhh i|yd ysñjk uqΩ ,l=Kqj,ska

75]la ,sÅ; m¯laIKh i|yd o 25]la m%dfhda.sl m¯laIKh i|yd o fjka flfr®' ta wkqj fuu úIhh

i|yd fmkS isák isiqka ,sÅ; m¯laIKhg fukau m%dfhda.sl m¯laIKhg o wksjdr®hfhka b†˙m;a úh

hq;= w;r" m%dfhda.sl m¯laIK jHQyh my; i|yka m˙† fõ'

m%dfhda.sl m¯ÈK jHQyh (

ld,h meh 03hs'

m%dfhda.sl m¯ÈKh uqΩukskau l%shdldrlï mdol jk w;r isú,a ;dÈKfõoh"

hdka;%sl ;dÈKfõoh" ú≥,s yd bf,lafg%dksl ;dÈKfõoh hk tla tla lafIa;%h

hgf;a tlla meh 01 ne.ska jQ l%shdldrlï ;=klska iukaú; fõ' fï wkqj iEu

YsIHhl=u tllg miq tlla jk fia m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï ;=kl ksr; úh hq;= jk

w;r" m%Odk ksr®Kdhl myla u; mokï jQ iqúfYaI ksr®Kdhl lsysmhla mokï lrf.k

wju jYfhka m¯Èljreka fofokl=f.ka iukaú; m¯Èl uKav,hla úiska isiqka

m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlïj, ksr; ùu ks¯ÈKh lr" tla tla m¯ÈKh i|yd ,l=Kq 100

ne.ska m%∞kh flfr®'

isú,a ;dÈKfõoh m%dfhda.slh - ,l=Kq 100 ^meh 01hs&

hdka;%sl ;dÈKfõoh m%dfhda.slh - ,l=Kq 100 ^meh 01hs&

ú≥,s yd bf,lafg%dksl ;dÈKfõoh m%dfhda.slh - ,l=Kq 100 ^meh 01hs&

tl;=j 300 wjidk ,l=Kq 300 ÷ 3

100

igyk (

fuu m%dfhda.sl m¯laIKj,° bx‚fkare ;dÈKfõohg wod< ksjer† yiqre l=i,;d we.hSug

wfmalaIs; neúka" iEu m%dfhda.sl m¯laIKhl°u Bg wod< ksr®foaYs; jD;a;Shuh WmlrK (Properprofessional equipment) Ndú; ls¯ug m¯laIKhg fmkS isák ishÆu wfmalaIlhkag wjia:dj

ie,ish hq;=h' tneúka kshñ; WmlrK fkdue;s wjia:dj,° úl,am WmlrK Ndú; fkdl< hq;=

w;r ta fjkqjg wjYH WmlrK imhd .; yels m¯laIK muKla ixúOdkh l< hq;= fõ'

m¯laIl uKav, fj;;a wfmalaIlhska fj;;a imhkq ,nk m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï ms<sn| ksor®Yk

lsysmhla fï iuÛ fjk fjku bos˙m;a flfr®'

m%dfhda.sl m¯ÈKj,g fmkS isák iEu wfmalaIlhl=u tu m¯laIKfhys ksr; ùu i|yd iq≥iq

we∫ulska ieriS isáh hq;=h' WmlrK yeisrùug yd kS¯laIK $ mdGdxl ,nd .ekSug ndOdjk fia fyda

;udf.a wdrlaIdj ;yjqre fkdjk fia we∫ï we| isàfuka je<lsh hq;= w;r wjYH wjia:dj,° iq≥iq

m˙† w;ajeiqï" mdjyka" ysiajeiqï wd° wdjrK me<| isáh hq;=h'


- 30 -

65 - bx‚fkare ;dCIKfõoh - m%dfhda.sl m¯laIKh wh≥ïlrejka i|yd Wmfoia

isú,a ;dÈKfõoh m%dfhda.sl m¯laIK

m¯laIKh 01 flá udr®. fldgil †lalvla ms<sfh, ls¯u i|yd mdGdxl ,nd .ekSu

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ f,j,a WmlrKh (level) ÷ uÜgï háh (levelling staff) ÷ f;mdj (tripod) ÷ uÜgï fmd;l msgqjla (level page)

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& wod< udr®. fldgfia mdGdxl .ekSu i|yd WmlrKh msysgqjd .ekSug ia:dkhla f;dard .kak'

^2& udr®. fldgfia ,l=Kq lr we;s ia:dkj, mdGdxl .kak'

^3& ishÆu mdGdxl" f,j,a msgqfjys ksishdldrj igyka lrkak'

^4& m<uqjk uÜgï ia:dkfha Wi 100 m f,i .kak'

^5& f,j,a msgqj iïmQr®K lrkak'

3' we.hSï ksr®Kdhl yd ,l=Kq °fï mámdáh

^1& fmr iQodku ^,l=Kq 10&

^2& wdrlaIl l%fudamdh ms<sn| wjOdkh ^,l=Kq 10&

^3& iliqrejï nj yd ksjer† Ys,amSh l%u

÷ f,j,a msgqj ilia ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ WmlrK ia:dk.; ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ uÜgï ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ o;a; lshùu iy igyka ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ W!ks; Wi .Kkh ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ .Kkh ls¯ïj, ksrjoH;dj ^,l=Kq 10&

^5& hym;a jev mqre≥ ^,l=Kq 10&

uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

m¯laIKh 02 oïje,a uekqï l%uh Ndú; lr" ° we;s l=vd ìï lene,a, uek tys ìï ie,eiau b†˙m;a ls¯u

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ 50 m ñkqï máh ÷ 20 m ñkqï máh

÷ fm< .ekajqï o~q ;=kla ÷ o;a; igyka ls¯ug wjYH lvodis

÷ is;shï we|Sug wjYH A4 lvodis ÷ we|Sfï WmlrK

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

udhsï ,l=Kq lr fmkajd ° we;s l=vd ìï lene,a, oïje,a uekqï l%uh Ndú; lr uek" tys ìï

ie,eiau b†˙m;a lrkak' wjYH jqjfyd;a w;a Woõlrejl=f.a iydh ,nd .kak'





÷ o;a; ,nd .ekSu iy igyka ls¯u ^,l=Kq 40&

÷ m˙udKh f;dard .ekSu ^,l=Kq 10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ we£u iy o;a; ,l=Kq ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ Wmldrl o;a; igyka ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&


uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&


- 31 -

m¯laIKh 03 ° we;s l=vd iDcqfldaKdi% ìï lene,a,l uqÆ y;r i|yd ;shfvd,hsÜgqj Ndú;fhka †.xY

uekSu

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ ;shfvd,hsÜgqj (Thedolite) ÷ f;mdj (tripod) ÷ fm< .ekajqï o~q (surveying poles) ÷ o;a; igyka ls¯ug wjYH A4 lvodis

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& wjYH WmlrK f;dard .kak'

^2& ,l=Kq lr we;s uekqï ia:dkh u; ;shfvd,hsÜgqj ia:dk.; lr tys ;djld,sl ieliqï ilia

lrkak'

^3& ,l=Kq lr we;s W;=re †Ydjg ;sria fldaKh 000 00ʹ 00ʺ f,i ilikak'

^4& bvfï uqÆ y;r i|yd †.xY ,nd .kak'

^5& mdGdxl igyka lrkak'





÷ ;shfvd,hsÜgqj uOH.; ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ ;shfvd,hsÜgqj uÜgï ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ W;=re †Ydjg ;sria fldaKh 000 00ʹ 00ʺ f,i ieliSu ^,l=Kq 20&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ bvfï uqÆ y;r i|yd mdGdxl ,nd .ekSu ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ mdGdxl igyka ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&


uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

m¯laIKh 04

ueá nodu Ndú;fhka ;ks .fvd,la (1B) m<, bx.%Sis neïul (English bond) ì;a;shla

.fvd,a ;=kl (3B) †.ska hqla;j j˙ folla ne|Su

1B

3B1' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& kshñ; m%udKhg isria yd ;sria l=ia;=r Ndú; lrkak'

2& neñ jr®.hg wkqj ksjer†j .fvd,a t,kak'

^3& ì;a;sfha kshñ; yevh mj;ajd .ksñka ° we;s m%udKhg neïu n|skak'

4& neïfï kshñ; ;;a;aj îsria yd ;sria nj& mj;ajd .kak'

5& Ndú; l< wdjqo $ WmlrK yd ia:dkh ms˙is≥ lrkak'

2' imhd we;s WmlrK $ øjH

÷ ueá nodu ÷ .fvd,a

÷ fïika yekao ÷ uÜgï ,Sh

÷ iam%S;= f,j,h ÷ nodu ,E,a,

÷ l=ia;dku ÷ uqÆ uÜgu


- 32 -





÷ wdkndka≥j kshñ; ia:dkfha ;eîu ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ ì;a;s fofl<jr m<, iudk ùu ^bv †h yels m%udKh ± 3 mm& ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ ksul< uqyqKf;ys ì;a;s fofl<jr uqÆ 90° ùu ^bv †h yels m%udKh ± 3°& ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ TÆ., yd nv., isriaj iuñ;sl ùu ^bv †h yels m%udKh ± 2 mm& ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ isria uqyqKf;a me;af;ka j˙ fofla fjk fjku ;sriaj uÜgï ,Sh ;enQ úg

bvla fkd;sîu ^± 2 mm& ^,l=Kq 10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ kshñ; neñ jr®.h wkqj kshñ; .fvd,a m%udKh t,Su ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ ksudj iy kshñ; ld,h ;=< wjika ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

^5& hym;a jev mqre≥ ^wdjqo iy WmlrK m˙yrKh yd ms˙is≥lu& ^,l=Kq 10&

uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

m¯laIKh 05 ° we;s Wmdx. Ndú; lr c, k< rduqjla ieliSu'

∞

φ 25

φ 25

φ 20φ 20

φ 20 φ 20

600

450

300

300

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

rEmfha ±lafjk c, k< rduqj ieliSug wjYH øjH iy WmlrK

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

imhd we;s øjH yd WmlrK Ndú; lr" k< ;=< c,h .,d hdug ndOl wju jk fia" rEmfha

±lafjk wdlD;shg wkqj k< rduqjla ilia lrkak'





÷ ñkqï ksjer† ùu ^bv †h yels m%udKh ± 3 mm& ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ k< fl<jr 12 ilia ls¯u ^bv †h yels m%udKh ± 3°& ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ lrduh i|yd f;%âiS,a fh°u ^,l=Kq 10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ uqÆ y;r 90° jk m˙† ilia ls¯u ^bv †h yels m%udKh ± 3°& ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ kshñ; ld,fha° rduqj ilia lr wjika ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&


uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&


- 33 -

hdka;%sl ;dCIKfõoh m%dfhda.sl m¯CIK

m¯laIKh 01

is,skavr ysil tla is,skavrhl jE,aj ksue≥ï ls¯u

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ is,skavr ysila ÷ jE,aj Tijkh (Valve lifter) ÷ wdjqo fmÜáh ÷ fmÜr,a 50 ml ÷ Valve grinding compound ÷ Valve lapper ÷ fr† len,s

2' ls%hd ms<sfj<

^1& ldr®hhg iq≥iq ia:dkhl is,skavr ysi ia:dk.; lr.kak'

^2& wjYH WmlrK f;dard .kak'

^3& Valve lifter wdOdrfhka jE,aj .,ajd .kak'

^4& m<uqj rough valve grinding compound fhdod ksue°u lrkak'

^5& fojkqj fine valve grinding compound fhdod ksue°u lrkak'

^6& jE,aj ksjer† f,i is,skavr ysig iú lrkak'

^7& fmÜr,a Ndú; lr jE,aj ksue°u m¯laId lrkak'

^8& ksjer† fkdfõ kï" ^3& jk mshjfr® isg ^7& jk mshjr f;la l%shd ms<sfj, kej; wkq.ukh

lrkak'

^9& ksjer† f,i ldr®hh ksu lrkak'





÷ jE,aj .,jd bj;g .ekSu iy ksjer†j wdmiq iú ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ jE,aj ksue≥ï ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ ksue≥ï ls¯u ksjer† ±hs m¯laId ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ jE,aj m¯laId l< úg ksue≥ï ls¯u ksjer† ùu $ ksjer† fkdfõ kï

ksue≥ï l%shdj,sh kej; wkq.ukh ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20&


uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

m¯laIKh 02 imhk ,o tka‚ul f;dard.;a tla iss,skavrhl lmdg mr;rh iSreudre ls¯u (valve clearance adjusting)

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ i<eÛs,s w; iys; tka‚ka ysila ÷ iamr®Yl wdudkh iys; wdjqo fmÜáh

2' ls%hd ms<sfj<

^1& wjYH lrk ksjer† WmlrK f;dard .kak'

^2& tka‚ka ysfiys wdjrKh (Tappet cover) bj;a lrkak'

^3& lmdg mr;rh ksYaÑ; f,i iSreudre ls¯ug yelsjk fia oÛr l| lrljd .kak'

^4& w∞< w.h iys; iamr®Yl wdudkh f;dard .kak'

^5& kshñ; w.hkag w∞<j f;dard.;a iamr®Yl wdudkh Ndú; lr mr;rh ilia lrkak'

^6& tka‚ka ysfiys wdjrKh iú lrkak'



- 34 -





÷ lmdg mr;rh iSreudre ls¯ug yelsjk fia oÛr l| lrljd .ekSu ^,l=Kq 15&

÷ w∞< w.h iys; iamr®Yl wdudkh Ndú; lr lmdg mr;rh iSreudre ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ tka‚ka ysfiys wdjrKh .e,ùu iy kej; iú ls¯u ^,l=Kq 15&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ kshñ; w.hkag wkqj lmdg mr;rh ilia lr ;sîu ^,l=Kq 20&

^5& hym;a jev mqre≥ ,l=Kq 10&

uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

m¯laIKh 03 tka‚ul is,skavr ysila imhd we;s ms˙ú;r wkqj iú ls¯u

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ ° we;s jHdjr®;h wkqj is,skavr ysi iú ls¯ug iq≥iq tka‚ula

÷ imhkq ,nk ms˙ú;rh

÷ jHdjr®; frkaÑh

÷ uq≥ h;=r

÷ wdjqo fmÜáh

2' ls%hd ms<sfj<

^1& wjYH lrk ksjer† WmlrK f;dard .kak'

^2& tka‚ka nf|ys kshñ; f,i .Eialgh fhdokak'

^3& weK ish,a,u is,skavr ysfiys w∞< is≥rej,g we;=Ω lrkak'

^4& iïu; wkqj is,skavr ysi ;o lrkak'

^5& weK ish,a, kshñ; jHdjr®;hg ;o ù mj;S ±hs kej; m¯Èd lrkak'






÷ ksjer† f,i .Eialgh fh°u ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ ° we;s iïu; wkqj ysfiys weK ;o ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ kshñ; jHdjr®;hg wkqj ysfiys weK ;où mj;S ±hs kej; m¯Èdj ^,l=Kq 10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ kshñ; jHdjr®;hg wkqj tka‚ka ysfiys weK ;o ù ;sîu ^,l=Kq 20&


uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

m¯laIKh 04 ieye,aÆ r:hl miqmi n| frdaOl (drum brake) iSreudre ls¯u

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ miqmi frdaohla .e,ùug iq≥iq ieye,aÆ fudagr® r:hla

÷ jdyk Tijkhla (Jack) ÷ wdjqo fmÜáh

÷ frdao isr ls¯u i|yd l+[a[ ^wv&

÷ frdao uq˙ÉÑ .,jkh

÷ wdOdrlh


- 35 -

2' ls%hd ms<sfj<

^1& b†˙ frdao fomiska l+[a[ ;nñka r:h ia:ßrj ;nd .kak'

^2& jdykh wdOdrlh u; r|jkak'

^3& uq˙ÉÑ ish,a, .,jd frdaoh bj;g .kak'

^4& n| frdaOl m¯laId lr wjYH kï iSreudre lrkak'

^5& frdaoh iú lrkak'

^6& uq˙ÉÑ ish,a, l%udkql+,j ;o lrkak'






÷ ksis mshjr wkq.ukh lrñka jdykh Tijd" frdaoh .,jd bj;a ls¯u ^,l=Kq 15&

÷ n| frdaOl m¯laId ls¯u yd iSreudre ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ frdaoh kej; iúlr" ksis mshjr wkq.ukh lrñka wdOdrlh yd

Tijkh bj;a ls¯u ^,l=Kq 15&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ kshñ; m˙† n| frdaOl iSreudre lr ;sîu ^,l=Kq 20&


uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

m¯laIKh 05

2 mm uD≥ jdfka ;yvqjlska fnda;,a uQä w˙khla (Bottle opener) ilia lr ksu ls¯u

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ 105 × 55 × 2 mm uD≥ jdfka ;yvq lene,a,la ÷ f,day lsh;

÷ f,day lmk lgqj ^we,a lgqj& Cold chisel ÷ nxl= ;yvq l;=r

÷ ú≥ï hka;%h yd ú≥ï lgq ÷ ue†fmdxÑh

÷ fnda, ñáh ÷ jdfka flda≥j

÷ w|sk lgqj ÷ uqΩ uÜgu

÷ me;,s mSr ÷ y;/ia mSr

÷ weu˙ lvodis ÷ jev fïih

2' ls%hd ms<sfj<

^1& ° we;s rEm igyk lshjd wjfndaO lr .kak'

50

φ 8

20

20

30 30

5 ×

45°

5 × 45°

35

5

25

100

10


- 36 -

^2& wjYH øjH" wdjqo" WmlrK f;dard .kak'

^3& ksjer† Ys,amSh l%u wkq.ukh lrkak'

^4& wjYH wdrlaIl l%fudamdh wkq.ukh lrkak'

^5& ksjer† mshjr wkqms<sfj<ska wkq.ukh lrñka kshñ; ld,h ;=< lD;sh ilia lr ksu lrkak'

^6& jev ia:dkh h:d m˙† ilia lrkak'




^3& iliqrejï nj yd ksjer† Ys,amSh l%u wkq.ukh ls¯u ^,l=Kq 50&

^4& ksñ M,h - ñkqï ksjer† ùu ^,l=Kq 20&


uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

ú≥,s iy bf,lafg%dksl ;dÈKfõoh m%dfhda.sl m¯laIK

m¯laIKh 01

fok ,o ;ksl,d fudagrh Odjkh ls¯u

÷ nyqudkh û,aáógrh& Ndú;fhka wdrïNl oÛrh yd Odjk oÛrh y∫kd .ekSu

÷ Od˙;%l wdrïNl yd Odjk fudagrfha m˙m: igykg wkql+,j oÛr yd Od˙;%lh iïnkaO

ls¯u

÷ wdrlaIs; Wml%u Ndú; lrñka ú≥,s bx‚fkare wdh;kfha fr.=,disj,g wkqj fudagrh Odjkh

ls¯u

÷ ;ksl,d fudagrhl N%uK †Ydj fjkia ls¯u

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ Od˙;%l wdrïNl yd Odjk fudagrhla (Capacitor run motor) ÷ nyqudkhla

÷ fudagrhg iemhqu ,nd°ug jyrejla iy /yeka ÷ nyqldr®h w~qjla

÷ w.%Kh i|yd bial=remamq kshkla iy fmd≥ w~qjla (Combination plier)

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& nyqudkh Ndú;fhka" ° we;s fudagrfha Odjk oÛrh yd wdrïNl oÛrh y∫kd .kak'

^2& kshñ; m˙† Od˙;%lh iïnkaO lr fudagrh Odjkh lrkak' ^jyrejla yryd iemhqu ,nd

fokak'&

^3& by; Odjkh jQ †Ydjg úreoaO †Ydjg fudagrh Odjkh lrkak' fï i|yd ú≥,s iïnkaO;dj

fjkia l< hq;= wdldrh rEmigykla weiqfrka olajkak'

^4& m˙m:j,g ú≥,sh imhkq ,nk iEu wjia:djl°u m¯laIl uKav,fha mQr®j wkque;sh ,nd

.kak'


1& fmr iQodku ^,l=Kq 10&



÷ nyqudkh ieliSu ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ oÛrj, m%;sfrdaOh m¯laIdj ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ m˙m:h ieliSu ^,l=Kq 20&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ fudagrh Odjkh lrùu yd wod< m˙m: igyk ±laùu ^,l=Kq 20&


uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&


- 37 -

m¯laIKh 02

tl,d ú≥,s m˙m: ia:dmkh

÷ kdhskS (conduit) Ndú;fhka ;ks ux jyre m˙m:hla ksr®udKh ls¯u

÷ kdhskS (conduit) Ndú;fhka flfjks msgjdk (socket outlet) m˙m:hla ksr®udKh ls¯u

÷ ksishdldrj jhr® w.%Kh ls¯u

÷ m˙m:hg wod< IEE fr.=,dis yd iïu; ms<sme°u

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ 750 mm × 600 mm ,E,s mqjrej - 01 ÷ 20 mm úIalïNh iys; P.V.C. kdhskS (conduit) - 1.5 m ÷ P.V.C. ;ks .s,aÆï fmÜá (sunk box single) - 02 ÷ f;ux jD;a;dldr ma,diaála ikaê fmÜá - 02 (3 way Junction box for conduit) (20 mm) ÷ ;ks ux ma,diaála ikaê fmÜá - 01 (P.V.C. end box) (20 mm) ÷ 240 V, 5 A, fmakq - 01 (240 V, 5 A, 3 pin socket outlet) ÷ 240 V, 5 A, ;ks ux jyre - 01 (one way one gang switch) ÷ 240 V, 6 A, isÛs;s m˙m: ì†k - 01 (6 A, M.C.B.) ÷ ndjr myka w,aÆ - 01 (straight type batten holder) ÷ 240 V, 60 W iQ;%sld myka - 01 ÷ 1/1.13 mm oaú;aj m˙jdrl ;U ikakdhl ^ks,a mdg& - 2 m (P.V.C. double insulated cable - blue) ÷ 1/1.13 mm oaú;aj m˙jdrl ;U ikakdhl ^≥Uqre mdg& - 3 m (P.V.C. double insulated cable - brown) - 3 m ÷ 7/0.67 mm N+ ikakdhl êarth wire& - (2.5 mm2) 1 m ÷ Plastic conduit clips (20 mm) - 10 ÷ 20 mm, No. 7 bial=remamq weK - 07 Nos ÷ 12 mm, No. 6 bial=remamq weK - 30 Nos ÷ Two port connector bar - 10 A - 01 ÷ Din rail - (for installation of MCB) ÷ nyqldr®h w~qj (combination plier) - 01 ÷ lmk w~qj (cutting plier) - 01 ÷ l=vd ñáh (boll pin hammer (250 g) ÷ ú≥,s m¯laIlh (electric tester) - 01 ÷ bial=remamq kshk 6'' (screw driver& - 01 ÷ ú≥,s ldr®ñl msysh (cable knife) - 01 ÷ ñkqï máh (measuring tape) 3m ÷ we,sia lgq (bradol) - 01

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

my; ksrEmKh fldg we;s ú≥,s WmlrK ms<sie,iqï igyfka (Layout diagram) L hkqfjka

i,l=Kq fldg we;s iQ;s%ld myk (Filament lamp), S hkqfjka kï fldg we;s ;ks ux jyrej

(One way switch) u.ska l%shd lrúh yels m˙† iy SO hkqfjka kï fldg we;s flfjks msgjdk

(Socket outlet) wLKavj ilS%hj mj;sk m˙† wod< ú≥,s m˙m:h ,S mqjrej u; ia:dmkh lrkak'


- 38 -

300

300

300150

300

SO S

L



2& wdrlaIl l%fudamdh ms<sn| wjOdkh ^,l=Kq 10&

3& iliqrejï nj yd ksjer† Ys,amSh l%u

÷ ú≥,s myfka l%shdld˙;ajh ^,l=Kq 15&

÷ flfjks msgqjdfka l%shdld˙;ajh ^,l=Kq 15&

÷ ikakdhlj, w.%Kh ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ iïu; Ndú;h ^,l=Kq 10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ m˙m:h ia:dmkh" WmlrK iú ls¯u" /yeka weoSu" iemhqu ,nd °u ^,l=Kq 20&


uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

m¯laIKh 03

fok ,o m˙Kdulhg iemhqu ,nd° nyqudkh wdOdrfhka fjda,aàh;dj yd Odrdj uekSu

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl oÛr kï lr we;s 240 V / 24 V, 250 VA m˙Kdulhla

÷ 5 A connector Bar îïnkaOl& lE,s 6la

÷ nyqldr®h w~qjla

÷ fgiagrhlA yd wÛ,a 6 ial=remamq kshkla

÷ 24 V, 21 W iQ;%sld mykla yd fyda,avrhla


÷ 16/ 0.2 fyda 13/ 0.2 T.T. jhr® ógr 1

÷ 5 A plug Top

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

nyqudkh wdOdrfhka"

^1& fok ,o m˙Kdulhg iemhqu ,nd ≥ka úg m%d:ñl oÛrfha w.% w;r yd oaú;Shsl oÛrfha w.%

w;r fjda,aàh;d uek fmkajkak'

^2& m˙Kdulfha oaú;Shsl oÛrfha w.% folg 24 V, 21 W iQ;s%ld mykla iúlr iQ;%sld myk ±,afjk

úg myk ,nd .kakd Odrdj uek fmkajkak'

^3& by; iQ;%sld myk iuÛ 24 V, 5 W ;j;a iQ;%sld mykla iudka;r.;j iúlr ±,aùug i,iajd

iuia; m˙m:h ,nd .kakd Odrdj uek fmkajkak'


- 39 -





÷ oÛrj, w.% w;r fjda,aàh;d uekSu ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ iQ;%sld myfkys Odrdj uekSu ^,l=Kq 15&

÷ iuia; m˙m:h ,nd .kakd Odrdj uekSu ^,l=Kq 15&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ fjda,aàh;d iy Odrd uek ,nd.;a mdGdxlj, ksrjoH;dj ^,l=Kq 20&


uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

m¯laIKh 04

fok ,o nQ,Sh m%ldYkfha (Boolean expression) m%;s∞kh ,nd .ekSu i|yd oajdr Ndú; lr

m˙m:hla tl,ia ls¯u

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ 5V ir, Odrd iemhqu ÷ jHdma;s mqjrej

÷ ;ks lïìfha /yeka single standard wire& ÷ iaúÉp

÷ 7400, 7402, 7404, 7408 iy 7432 ix.Dys; m˙m: ÷ LED ÷ 220 Ω m%;sfrdaO

VCC

7408

VCC

7400

VCC

7402

VCC

7404

VCC

7432


- 40 -

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& my; i|yka nQ,Sh m%ldYkfha m%;s∞kh ,nd .ekSug wjYH oajdr kï lrkak'

Z = A . B ^2& tu oajdr wh;a ix.Dys; m˙m: f;dard .kak'

^3& ix.Dys; m˙m: Ndú; lr jHdmD;s mqjrej u; m˙m: tl,ia lrkak'

^4& w∞< m%∞k ,nd ° m%;s∞kh ,nd .kak'

^5& m%;s∞kh i|yd i;H igyk ,shkak'

3' we.hSï ksr®Kdhl iy ,l=Kq °fï mámdáh




÷ nQ,Sh m%ldYkhg w∞< oajdr kï ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ ix.Dys; m˙m: f;dard .ekSu ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ m˙m: tl,ia ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ m%;s∞kh ,nd .ekSu ^,l=Kq 10&

4& ksñ M,h

÷ i;H igyk ,sùu ^,l=Kq 20&

5& hym;a jev mqre≥ ,l=Kq 10&

uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

m¯laIKh 05

ldrl jr®Olhla wmjr®Olhla f,i Ndú; ls¯u

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ m%;sfrdaOl" ldrl jr®Ol ix.Dys; m˙m: ^741& ÷ jHdmD;s mqjrej

÷ iïnkaOl /yeka ÷ ir, Odrd cj iemhqu

÷ foda,fkalaIh ÷ ixd cklh

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& my; i|yka m˙m:hg wjYH Wmdx. f;dardf.k jHdmD;s mqjrefõ tl,ia lrkak'

+

+ −

−

VinVo

R2 = 100 kΩ

R1 = 10 kΩ

+

−

Vcc

741

^2& ir, Odrd cj iemhqu oaú;aj iemhqula f,i ilia lr ix.Dys; m˙m:hg iïnkaO lrkak'

^3& ixd cklfhka 10 mVP− P ihskdldr ixdjla m%odkh fj; ,nd fokak'

^4& iemhqu iy m%odk ixdj ,nd°ug fmr m¯laIljrhdg fmkajkak'

^5& m%;sodk ixdj foda,fkalaIfhka uekf.k igyka lr.kak'

^6& Vo = − Vin

R2

R1

iólrKh wkqj m%;sodkh ksjer† ±hs m¯laId lrkak'


- 41 -





÷ m˙m:h tl,ia ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ cj iemhqu iïnkaO ls¯u ^,l=Kq 15&

÷ foda,fkalaIh Ndú;h ^,l=Kq 15&

4& ksñ M,h

÷ m˙m:fha ksrjoHNdjh iy ksudj ^,l=Kq 20&

5& hym;a jev mqre≥ ,l=Kq 10&

uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&

m¯laIKh 06

g%dkaisiagrh iaúÉphla f,i Ndú; ls¯u

1' imhd we;s WmlrK

÷ m%;sfrdaOl ÷ C 828, g%dkaisiagr®

÷ LED ÷ LDR ÷ jHdmD;s mqjrej ÷ iïnkaOl /yeka

÷ úp,H m%;sfrdaOl ÷ ir, Odrd cj iemhqu

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& wjYH Wmdx. f;dardf.k my; i|yka m˙m:h jHdmD;s mqjrefõ tl,ia lrkak'

220 Ω

10 K

LDR

330 Ω

+5 V

^2& m˙m:h ilia lr m¯Èl uKav,hg b†˙m;a lrkak'

^3& ksjer† O%eùh;dfjka cj iemhqu iïnkaO lrkak' iemhqfuys iaúÉph l%shd;aul ls ug

fmr m¯laIljrhdf.a wkque;sh ,nd .kak'

^4& úp,H m%;sfrdaOh iSreudre lr" w∫fr®° LED ±,afjk f,i m˙m:h ilikak'

^5& m˙m:h l%shd;aul lr fmkajkak'





÷ m˙m:h tl,ia ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20&

÷ cj iemhqu iïnkaO ls¯u ^,l=Kq 15&

÷ m˙m:fha l%shdld˙;ajh ^,l=Kq 15&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ ksjer†j iSreudre ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

÷ m˙m:fha ksudj ^,l=Kq 10&


uqΩ ,l=Kq 100&


- 42 -

65 - bx‚fkare ;dCIKfõoh - m%dfhda.sl m¯laIKhm¯laIK uKav,h i|yd Wmfoia

isú,a;dlaIKfõohm%dfhda.slm¯laIK

m¯laIKh01

flá udr®. fldgil †lalvla ms<sfh, ls¯u i|yd mdGdxl ,nd .ekSu

1' iemhsh hq;= WmlrK

÷ f,j,a WmlrKh (level) ÷ uÜgï háh (levelling staff) ÷ f;mdj (tripod) ÷ uÜgï fmd;l msgqjla (level page)

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& uÜgï háh yeisrùu i|yd jD;a;Shuh uekqï iydhljrhl=f.a fiajh ,nd fokak'

^2& hï flá udr®. fldgil uOH fr®Ldj (center line) u; ;sria ≥r 10 m mr;rh isák fia ia:dk

5la ,l=Kq lr ;nkak'

^3& tu ia:dkj, W!ks; Wi .Kkh lr ;nd .kak'

^4& f,j,a WmlrKh msysgqjd .ekSug iq≥iq ia:dkhla f;dard .ekSu ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a jkak'

ô< jYfhka fmr or®Yk iy miq or®Yk ia:dk w;r ueo ia:dkhla ùu&

^5& WmlrKh ia:dk.; lrk wdldrh iy th uÜgï lrk wdldrh ms<sn| j úuis,su;a jkak'

^6& f,j,a WmlrKfha Wi uek .kak'

^7& m<uqjk uÜgï ia:dkfha Wi 100 m f,i f.k wfkla ia:dkj, W!ks; Wi .Kkh lrk

wdldrh ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a jkak'


^1& fmr iQodku ^,l=Kq10&

^2& wdrlaIl l%fudamdh ms<sn| wjOdkh ^,l=Kq10&


÷ f,j,a msgqj ilia ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&

÷ WmlrK ia:dk.; ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&

÷ uÜgï ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&

÷ o;a; lshùu iy igyka ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ W!ks; Wi .Kkh ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&

÷ .Kkh ls¯ïj, ksrjoH;dj ^,l=Kq10&

^5& hym;a jev mqre≥ ^,l=Kq10&

uqΩ,l=Kq100&

m¯laIKh02

oïje,a uekqï l%uh Ndú; lr" ° we;s l=vd ìï lene,a, uek tys ìï ie,eiau b†˙m;a ls¯u


÷ 50 m ñkqï máh ÷ 20 m ñkqï máh

÷ fm< .ekajqï o~q ;=kla ÷ o;a; igyka ls¯ug wjYH lvodis

÷ is;shï we|Sug wjYH A4 lvodis ÷ we|Sfï WmlrK

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& fr®Ldjla †f.a .kq ,nk mdGdxl iy wkq,ïn ≥r u.ska muKla is;shu we¢h yels jk m˙†

l=vd RcqfldaKdi% bvï fldgila f;dard .kak' bvfï ñkqï 15 m × 10 m ùu iq≥iq h' tys

iSud udhsï ,l=Kq lr ;nkak'

^2& m%Odk uekqï ia:dk folla ,l=Kq lr ;nkak'

^3& 50 m ñkqï máh tu ia:dk fol w;r msysgqùu ks¯ÈKh lrkak' wjYH jqjfyd;a w;a

Woõlrejl=f.a iydh wfmalaIlhdg ,nd fokak'


- 43 -

^4& ishÆ o;a; i|yd 20 m ñkqï máfhka o;a; ,nd .kakd wdldrh ks¯ÈKh lrkak'

^5& o;a; igyka lrk wdldrh ms<sn|j úuis,su;a jkak'

^6& ìï ie,eiau we£u iy tys Wmldrl o;a; ,l=Kq ls¯u ms<sn|j ks¯laIKh lrkak'





÷ o;a; ,nd .ekSu iy igyka ls¯u ^,l=Kq40&

÷ m˙udKh f;dard .ekSu ^,l=Kq10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ we£u iy o;a; ,l=Kq ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&

÷ Wmldrl o;a; igyka ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&


uqΩ,l=Kq100&

m¯laIKh03

° we;s l=vd iDcqfldaKdi% ìï lene,a,l uqÆ y;r i|yd ;shfvd,hsÜgqj Ndú;fhka †.xY

uekSu


÷ ;shfvd,hsÜgqj (Thedolite) ÷ f;mdj (tripod) ÷ fm< .ekajqï o~q (surveying poles) ÷ o;a; igyka ls¯ug wjYH A4 lvodis

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& l=vd RcqfldaKdi% (15m × 10m muK) ysia ìï fldgila ,l=Kq lrkak'

^2& bvu ueo uekqï ia:dkhla iy W;=re †Ydj t,af,a hï i,l=Kla o ,l=Kq lr ;nkak'

^3& my; i|yka lreKq ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a jkak'

1' uekqï ia:dkh u; ;shfvd,hsÜgqj ia:dk.; ls¯u" uOH.; ls¯u iy uÜgï ls¯u'

2' fr®Çh wkq,ïn uÛska iïmQr®K bvu wdjrKh l< yels ùu'

3' W;=re †Ydjg ;sria fldaKh 000 00ʹ 00ʺ f,i ieliSu'

4' bvfï udhsï y;frys †.xY i|yd mdGdxl ,nd .ekSu'





÷ ;shfvd,hsÜgqj uOH.; ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&

÷ ;shfvd,hsÜgqj uÜgï ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&

÷ W;=re †Ydjg ;sria fldaKh 000 00ʹ 00ʺ f,i ieliSu ^,l=Kq20&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ bvfï uqÆ y;r i|yd mdGdxl ,nd .ekSu ^,l=Kq10&

÷ mdGdxl igyka ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&


uqΩ,l=Kq100&


- 44 -

m¯laIKh04

ueá nodu Ndú;fhka ;ks .fvd,la (1B) m<, bx.%Sis neïul (English bond) ì;a;shla .fvd,a

;=kl (3B) †.ska hqla;j j˙ folla ne|Su

1B

3B1' iemhsh hq;= WmlrK

÷ ueá nodu ÷ .fvd,a

÷ fïika yekao ÷ uÜgï ,Sh

÷ iam%S;= f,j,h ÷ nodu ,E,a,

÷ l=ia;dku ÷ uqÆ uÜgu

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& ms<sfh, l< ueá nodu yd .fvd,a wjYH m%udKhg iQodkï lr ;nkak'

^2& jev lrk ia:dkh ûÜgï lrk ,o iu;,d ìula& iQodkï lr ;nkak'

^3& ;ks .fvd,l (1B) m<, yd .fvd,a ;=kl (3B) †.ska hqla; neïu .fvd,a j˙ foll m%udKhg

b†ls¯ug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'





÷ wdkndka≥j kshñ; ia:dkfha ;eîu ^,l=Kq10&

÷ ì;a;s fofl<jr m<, iudk ùu ^bv†hyelsm%udKh± 3 mm& ^,l=Kq10&

÷ ksul< uqyqKf;ys ì;a;s fofl<jr uqÆ 90° ùu ^bv†hyelsm%udKh± 3°& ^,l=Kq10&

÷ TÆ., yd nv., isriaj iuñ;sl ùu ^bv†hyelsm%udKh± 2 mm& ^,l=Kq10&

÷ isria uqyqKf;a me;af;ka j˙ fofla fjk fjku ;sriaj uÜgï ,Sh ;enQ úg

bvla fkd;sîu ^± 2 mm& ^,l=Kq10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ kshñ; neñ jr®.h wkqj kshñ; .fvd,a m%udKh t,Su ^,l=Kq10&

÷ ksudj iy kshñ; ld,h ;=< wjika ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&

^5& hym;a jev mqre≥ ^wdjqo iy WmlrK m˙yrKh yd ms˙is≥lu& ^,l=Kq10&

uqΩ,l=Kq100&

m¯laIKh05

wju Wmdx. Ndú; lr" c, k< rduqjla ieliSu

∞

φ 25

φ 25

φ 20φ 20

φ 20 φ 20

600

450

300

300


- 45 -


÷ f,day lsh; (hacksaw) ÷ k< lmkh

÷ me;,s mSr ÷ 3 m jdfka fÜma máh

÷ uqÆ uÜgu ÷ mhsmam o~q w~qj

÷ ¯urh

÷ 25 mm φ PVC k< - 750 mm ÷ 20 mm φ PVC k< - 1350 mm ÷ 20 mm je,ñg keïu (Elbow) - 02 ÷ 25 mm je,ñg keïu (Elbow) - 01 ÷ 25 × 20 mm W!k; je,ñg keïu (Reducing elbow) - 01 ÷ 20 mm lrdu (Faucet socket) - 01 ÷ 25 × 20 mm W!k; flfjksh (Reducing socket) - 01 ÷ 20 mm lrdu 'T' flfjksh (Faucet 'T' socket) - 01

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

÷ ishÆu Wmdx." øjH yd WmlrK iQodkï lr ;nkak'

÷ mhsmam o~q w~qjla iú lrk ,o nxl=jla iQodkï lr ;nkak'

÷ rduqj ilia ls¯u i|yd bv lv we;s ia:dkhla ,nd fokak'





÷ ñkqï ksjer† ùu^bv†hyelsm%udKh± 3 mm& ^,l=Kq20&

÷ k< fl<jr ilia ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&

÷ lrduh i|yd f;%âiS,a fh°u ^,l=Kq10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ uqÆ y;r 90° jk m˙† ilia ls¯u ^bv†hyelsm%udKh± 3°& ^,l=Kq10&

÷ kshñ; ld,fha° rduqj ilia lr wjika ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&


uqΩ,l=Kq100&

hdka;%sl;dCIKfõohm%dfhda.slm¯CIK

m¯laIKh01

is,skavr ysil tla is,skavrhl jE,aj ksue≥ï ls¯u


÷ is,skavr ysila ÷ jE,aj Tijkh (Valve lifter) ÷ wdjqo fmÜáh ÷ fmÜr,a 50 ml ÷ Valve grinding compound ÷ Valve lapper ÷ fr† len,s

2' ls%hd ms<sfj<

(1) ldr®hhg iq≥iq ia:dkhl is,skavr ysi ia:dk.; ls¯u

(2) wjYH ksjer† WmlrK f;dard .ekSu

(3) Valve lifter wdOdrfhka jE,aj .,jd .ekSu

(4) m<uqj rough valve grinding compound fhdod ksue°u

(5) fojkqj fine valve grinding compound fhdod ksue°u

(6) jE,aj ksjer† f,i is,skavr ysig iú ls¯u

(7) fmÜr,a Ndú; lr jE,aj ksue°u m¯laId ls¯u

(8) ksjer† fkdfõ kï (3) jk mshjfr® isg (7) jk mshjr f;la l%shd ms<sfj< kej; wkq.ukh

ls¯u

(9) ksjer† f,i ldr®hh ksu ls¯u


- 46 -





÷ jE,aj .,jd bj;g .ekSu iy ksjer†j wdmiq iú ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&

÷ jE,aj ksue≥ï ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&

÷ ksue≥ï ls¯u ksjer† ±hs m¯laId ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ jE,aj m¯laId l< úg ksue≥ï ls¯u ksjer† ùu $ ksjer† fkdfõ kï

ksue≥ï l%shdj,sh kej; wkq.ukh ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&


uqΩ,l=Kq100&

m¯laIKh02

i<eÛs,s w; iys; (Rocker arm) tka‚ul f;dard.;a tla iss,skavrhl lmdg mr;rh" ° we;s ms˙ú;r"

tkï"

pQIK lmdg mr;rh = 0.20 mm msgdr lmdg mr;rh = 0.30 mm wkqj iSreudre ls¯u (valve clearance adjusting)


÷ iamr®Yl wdudkh iys; wdjqo fmÜáh

÷ i<eÛs,s w; iys; tka‚ka ysila

2' ls%hd ms<sfj<

^1& ldr®hhg iq≥iq ia:dkhl tka‚u ;nd †h hq;=h'

^2& wjYH lrk ksjer† WmlrK f;dard .ekSu

^3& tka‚ka ysfiys wdjrKh (Tappet cover) .,jd bj;a ls¯u

^4& lmdg mr;rh ksYaÑ; f,i iSreudre ls¯ug yelsjk fia oÛr l| lrljd .ekSu

^5& w∞< w.h iys; iamr®Yl wdudkh f;dard .ekSu

^6& kshñ; w.hkag w∞<j f;dard.;a iamr®Yl wdudkh Ndú; lr mr;rh ilia ls¯u

^7& tka‚ka ysfiys wdjrKh iú ls¯u

^8& ksjer† f,i ldr®hh ksu ls¯u





÷ lmdg mr;rh iSreudre ls¯ug yelsjk fia oÛr l| lrljd .ekSu ^,l=Kq15&

÷ w∞< w.h iys; iamr®Yl wdudkh Ndú; lr lmdg mr;rh iSreudre ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&

÷ tka‚ka ysfiys wdjrKh .e,ùu iy kej; iú ls¯u ^,l=Kq15&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ kshñ; w.hkag wkqj lmdg mr;rh ilia lr ;sîu ^,l=Kq20&

^5& hym;a jev mqre≥ ,l=Kq10&

uqΩ,l=Kq100&


- 47 -

m¯laIKh03

imhd we;s ms ú;r wkqj tka‚ul iss,skavr ysila iú ls u'

weK i|yd fh†h hq;= jHdjr®;h 20 N m fõ'


÷ ° we;s jHdjr®;h wkqj is,skavr ysi iú ls¯ug iq≥iq tka‚ula ÷ jHdjr®; frkaÑh

÷ uq≥ h;=r ÷ wdjqo fmÜáh

2' ls%hd ms<sfj<

^1& ldr®hhg iq≥iq ia:dkhl tka‚u ;nkak'

^2& wjYH lrk ksjer† WmlrK f;dard .ekSu

^3& tka‚ka nf|ys kshñ; f,i .Eialgh fh°u

^4& weK ish,a,u is,skavr ysfiys w∞< is≥rej,g we;=Ω ls¯u

^5& weK ish,a,u w∞< k< h;=r uÛska b;d u| jYfhka ;o lr .ekSu

^6& is,skavr ysila iú ls¯fï° Wmfhda.s fldg .kakd weK wju jYfhka jdr follska j;a

;o l< hq;=h' ^Wod ( m<uqj 10 N m, fojkqj 20 N m&

^7& iïu; wkqj is,skavr ysfiys weK ;o lr .ekSu

^8& weK ish,a, kshñ; jHdjr®;hg ;o ù mj;S ±hs kej; m¯Èd ls¯u

^9& tkacska ysi wdjrKh iú ls¯u






÷ ksjer† f,i .Eialgh fh°u ^,l=Kq20&

÷ ° we;s iïu; wkqj ysfiys weK ;o ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&

÷ kshñ; jHdjr®;hg wkqj ysfiys weK ;où mj;S ±hs kej; m¯Èdj ^,l=Kq10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ kshñ; jHdjr®;hg wkqj tka‚ka ysfiys weK ;o ù ;sîu ^,l=Kq20&


uqΩ,l=Kq100&

m¯laIKh04

ieye,aÆ r:hl miqmi n| frdaOl (drum brake) iSreudre ls¯u


÷ miqmi frdaohla .e,ùug iq≥iq ieye,aÆ fudagr® r:hla ÷ jdyk Tijkhla (Jack) ÷ wdjqo fmÜáh ÷ frdao uq˙ÉÑ .,jkh

÷ frdao isr ls¯u i|yd l+[a[ ^wv& ÷ wdOdrlh

2' ls%hd ms<sfj<

^1& ldr®hhg iq≥iq ia:dkhl jdykh kj;d ;nkak'

^2& b†˙ frdao fomiska l+[a[ ;nñka r:h ia:ßrj ;nd .ekSu

^3& .e,úh hq;= frdaofha uq˙ÉÑ u|la nqre,a ls¯u

^4& .e,úh hq;= frdaoh ksoyfia N%uKh l< yels uÜgug jdykh Tijd .ekSu

^5& jdykh wdOdrlh u; /|ùu

^6& uq˙ÉÑ ish,a, .,jd frdaoh bj;g .ekSu


- 48 -

^7& n| frdaOl iSreudre ls¯u yd m¯laId ls¯u

^8& frdaoh iú ls¯u

^9& kej; Tijkh wdOdrfhka uola Tijd wdOdrlh bj;a ls¯u

^10& Tijkh bj;a ls¯u

^11& uq˙ÉÑ ish,a, l%udkql+,j ;o ls¯u

^12& Ndú; l< wdjqo yd WmlrK ms˙is≥ ls¯u






÷ ksis mshjr wkq.ukh lrñka jdykh Tijd" frdaoh .,jd bj;a ls¯u^,l=Kq15&

÷ n| frdaOl m¯laId ls¯u yd iSreudre ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&

÷ frdaoh kej; iúlr" ksis mshjr wkq.ukh lrñka wdOdrlh yd

Tijkh bj;a ls¯u ^,l=Kq15&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ kshñ; m˙† n| frdaOl iSreudre lr ;sîu ^,l=Kq20&


uqΩ,l=Kq100&

m¯laIKh05

2 mm uD≥ jdfka ;yvqjlska fnda;,a uQä w˙khla (Bottle opener) ilia lr ksu ls¯u

50

φ 8

20

20

30 30

5 ×

45°

5 × 45°

35

5

25

100

10


÷ 105 × 55 × 2 mm uD≥ jdfka ;yvq lene,a,la ÷ f,day lsh;

÷ f,day lmk lgqj ^we,a lgqj& Cold chisel ÷ nxl= ;yvq l;=r

÷ ú≥ï hka;%h yd ú≥ï lgq ÷ ue†fmdxÑh

÷ fnda, ñáh ÷ jdfka flda≥j

÷ w|sk lgqj ÷ uqΩ uÜgu

÷ me;,s mSr ÷ y;/ia mSr

÷ weu˙ lvodis ÷ jev fïih


- 49 -

2' ls%hd ms<sfj<

^1& wjYH øjH" wdjqo" WmlrK f;dard .ekSu

^2& uD≥ jdfka ;yvqj ldr®hhg m%udKj;a nj yd iq≥iq nj ;yjqre lr .ekSu

^3& kshdul odrh ilia ls¯u

^4& i,l=Kq lr .ekSu ^yevh ilia fldg bj;a lrk fldgia y∫kd .ekSu&

^5& lemSu" mS˙ .Eu" ú|Su

^6& uÜgï ls¯u

^7& iqug ls¯u




^3& iliqrejï nj yd ksjer† Ys,amSh l%u wkq.ukh ls¯u ^,l=Kq50&

^4& ksñ M,h - ñkqï ksjer† ùu ^,l=Kq20&


uqΩ,l=Kq100&

ú≥,sydbf,lafg%dksl;dCIKfõohm%dfhda.slm¯laIK

m¯laIKh01

fok ,o ;ksl,d fudagrh Odjkh ls¯u

÷ nyqudkh û,aáógrh& Ndú;fhka wdrïNl oÛrh yd Odjk oÛrh y∫kd .ekSu

÷ Od˙;%l wdrïNl yd Odjk fudagrfha m˙m: igykg wkql+,j oÛr yd Od˙;%lh iïnkaO

ls¯u

÷ wdrlaIs; Wml%u Ndú; lrñka ú≥,s bx‚fkare wdh;kfha fr.=,disj,g wkqj fudagrh Odjkh

ls¯u

÷ ;ksl,d fudagrhl oÛr foflka tll w.% udre l< úg N%uK †Ydj fjkia l< yels nj

±k .ekSu


÷ Od˙;%l wdrïNl yd Odjk fudagrhla (Capacitor run motor) ÷ nyqudkhla

÷ fudagrhg iemhqu ,nd°ug jyrejla iy /yeka ÷ nyqldr®h w~qjla

÷ w.%Kh i|yd bial=remamq kshkla iy fmd≥ w~qjla (Combination plier)

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& nyqudkh Ndú;fhka Odjk oÛrh yd wdrïNl oÛrh y∫kd .ekSu

A

C

B

jeäu m%;sfrdaO

w.h

uOHu m%;sfrdaO

w.h

wvqu m%;sfrdaO

w.h

wdrïNl oÛrh

Odjk oÛrh

A. B jeäu m%;sfrdaO w.h - oÛr foflys uqΩ m%;sfrdaOh

A. C uOHu m%;sfrdaO w.h - wdrïNl oÛrh f,i

y∫kd .ekSu

C. B wvqu m%;sfrdaO w.h - Odjk oÛrh f,i y∫kd

.ekSu


- 50 -

^2& kshñ; m˙† Od˙;%lh iïnkaO lr fudagrh Odjkh ls¯u ^jyrejla yryd iemhqu ,nd°u&

L

N

m%;sfrdaOh

wvq Odjk

oÛrh

m%;sfrdaOh

jeä wdrïNl

oÛrh

^3& by; Odjkh jQ †Ydjg úreoaO †Ydjg fudagrh Odjkh lrùu yd ta i|yd fudagrfha oÛrj,

w.% iïnkaO jk whqre we| fmkaùu' my; ±lafjk a, b fyda c hk m˙m: igyka w;=frka

´kEu tla igykla i|yd uqΩ ,l=Kq fokak'

a b c

igyk (

1' nyqudkh ksjer†j Ndú; lr fudagrfha w.% ;=k jrlg fol ne.ska fjk fjku .ksñka

m%;sfrdaOj, w.h ksjer†j ,nd .kafka ±hs m¯laIdld¯ jkak'

2' by; ,nd.;a m%;sfrdaOj, w.h weiq ka fudagrfha w.% ;=k ksjer†j y∫kd .ekSug Wmfoia fokak'

3' fudagrfha y∫kd.;a wdrïNl t;=ug Od˙;%lh iïnkaO lr Odjkhg iQodkï lrk f,i Wmfoia

fokak'

4' md,l WmlrKhla yryd wdrlaIdld˙ f,i ú≥,sh iemhqu ,nd°u i|yd m˙m:h ilia lrkafka

±hs m¯laId lrkak'





÷ nyqudkh ieliSu ^,l=Kq10&

÷ oÛrj, m%;sfrdaOh m¯laIdj ^,l=Kq20&

÷ m˙m:h ieliSu ^,l=Kq20&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ fudagrh Odjkh lrùu yd wod< m˙m: igyk ±laùu ^,l=Kq20&


uqΩ,l=Kq100&

m¯laIKh02

tl,d ú≥,s m˙m: ia:dmkh

÷ kdhskS (conduit) Ndú;fhka ;ks ux jyre m˙m:hla ksr®udKh ls¯u

÷ kdhskS (conduit) Ndú;fhka flfjks msgjyk (socket outlet) m˙m:hla ksr®udKh ls¯u

÷ ksishdldrj jhr® w.%Kh ls¯u

÷ m˙m:hg wod< IEE fr.=,dis yd iïu; y∫kd .ekSu


- 51 -


÷ 750 mm × 600 mm ,E,s mqjrej - 01 ÷ 20 mm úIalïNh iys; P.V.C. kdhskS (conduit) - 1.5 m ÷ P.V.C. ;ks .s,aÆï fmÜá (sunk box single) - 02 ÷ f;ux jD;a;dldr ma,diaála ikaê fmÜá - 02 (3 way Junction box for conduit) (20 mm) ÷ ;ks ux ma,diaála ikaê fmÜá - 01 (P.V.C. end box) (20 mm) ÷ 240 V, 5 A, fmakq - 01 (240 V, 5 A, 3 pin socket outlet) ÷ 240 V, 5 A, ;ks ux jyre - 01 (one way one gang switch) ÷ 240 V, 6 A, isÛs;s m˙m: ì†k - 01 (6 A, M.C.B.) ÷ ndjr myka w,aÆ - 01 (straight type batten holder) ÷ 240 V, 60 W iQ;%sld myka - 01 ÷ 1/1.13 mm oaú;aj m˙jdrl ;U ikakdhl ^ks,a mdg& - 2 m (P.V.C. double insulated cable - blue) ÷ 1/1.13 mm oaú;aj m˙jdrl ;U ikakdhl ^≥Uqre mdg& - 3 m (P.V.C. double insulated cable - brown) - 3 m ÷ 7/0.67 mm N+ ikakdhl êarth wire& - (2.5 mm2) 1 m ÷ Plastic conduit clips (20 mm) - 10 ÷ 20 mm, No. 7 bial=remamq weK - 07 Nos ÷ 12 mm, No. 6 bial=remamq weK - 30 Nos ÷ Two port connector bar - 10 A - 01 ÷ Din rail - (for installation of MCB) ÷ nyqldr®h w~qj (combination plier) - 01 ÷ lmk w~qj (cutting plier) - 01 ÷ l=vd ñáh (boll pin hammer (250 g) ÷ ú≥,s m¯laIlh (electric tester) - 01 ÷ bial=remamq kshk 6'' (screw driver& - 01 ÷ ú≥,s ldr®ñl msysh (cable knife) - 01 ÷ ñkqï máh (measuring tape) 3m ÷ we,sia lgq (bradol) - 01

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

my; ksrEmKh fldg we;s ú≥,s WmlrK ms<sie,iqï igyfka (layout diagram) L hkqfjka

i,l=Kq fldg we;s iQ;s%ld myk (filament lamp), S hkqfjka kï fldg we;s ;ks ux jyrej

(one way switch) u.ska l%shd lrúh yels m˙† iy SO hkqfjka kï fldg we;s flfjks msgjdk

(socket outlet) wLKavj ilS%hj mj;sk m˙† wod< ú≥,s m˙m:h ia:dmkh ls¯u i|yd wjYH

kdhskS" ,S mqjrej u; iú lr ;nkak'

300

300

300150

300

SO S

L


- 52 -

3' we.hSï ksr®Kdhl iy ,l=Kq °fï mámdáh




÷ ú≥,s myfka l%shdld˙;ajh ^,l=Kq15&

÷ flfjks msgqjdfka l%shdld˙;ajh ^,l=Kq15&

÷ ikakdhlj, w.%Kh ^,l=Kq10&

÷ iïu; Ndú;h ^,l=Kq10&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ m˙m:h ia:dmkh" WmlrK iú ls¯u" /yeka weoSu" iemhqu ,nd °u ^,l=Kq20&


uqΩ,l=Kq100&

m¯laIKh03

fok ,o m˙Kdulhg iemhqu ,nd° fjda,aàh;dj yd Odrdj nyqudkh wdOdrfhka uekSu

÷m˙Kdulfha m%d:ñl oÛrfha fjda,aàh;dj nyqudkh wdOdrfhka uekSu

÷m˙Kdulfha oaú;Shsl oÛrfha fjda,aàh;dj nyqudkh wdOdrfhka uekSu

÷ m˙Kdulfha oaú;Shslhg únerla (load) iïnkaO lr tu nerh ,nd .kakd Odrdj

nyqudkh wdOdrfhka uekSu

÷ tu únerg ;j;a únerla iudka;r.;j iïnkaO l< úg ,nd .kakd uqΩ Odrdj nyqudkh

wdOdrfhka uekSu


÷m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl oÛr kï lr we;s 240 V / 24 V, 250 VA m˙Kdulhla

÷ 5 A connector Bar îïnkaOl& lE,s 6la

÷ nyqldr®h w~qjla

÷ fgiagrhlA yd wÛ,a 6 ial=remamq kshkla



÷ 16/ 0.2 fyda 13/ 0.2 T.T. jhr® ógr 1

÷ 5 A plug Top

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

nyqudkh wdOdrfhka"

^1& m˙Kdulhlg iemhqu ,nd ≥ka úg m%d:ñl oÛrfha w.% w;r yd oaú;Shsl oÛrfha w.% w;r

fjda,aàh;d uek fmkaùu i|yd wjYH m˙Kdulh mqjrejl iúlr ;nkak'

^2& m˙Kdulfha oaú;Shsl oÛrfha w.% folg 24 V, 21 W iQ;s%ld mykla iïnkaO ls u i|yd tu myk"

mqjrejg iúlr ;nkak'

^3& by; iQ;%sld myk iuÛ 24 V, 5 W ;j;a iQ;%sld mykla iudka;r.;j iúlr ±,aùug

yelsjk m˙† tu myk o mqjrejg iú lr ;nkak'





÷ oÛrj, w.% w;r fjda,aàh;d uekSu ^,l=Kq20&

÷ iQ;%sld myfkys Odrdj uekSu ^,l=Kq15&

÷ iuia; m˙m:h ,nd .kakd Odrdj uekSu ^,l=Kq15&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ fjda,aàh;d iy Odrd uek ,nd.;a mdGdxlj, ksrjoH;dj ^,l=Kq20&


uqΩ,l=Kq100&


- 53 -

m¯laIKh04

fok ,o nQ,Sh m%ldYkfha m%;s∞kh ,nd .ekSu i|yd oajdr Ndú; lr m˙m:hla tl,ia ls¯u


÷ 5V ir, Odrd iemhqu ÷ jHdma;s mqjrej

÷ ;ks lïìfha /yeka single standard wire& ÷ iaúÉp

÷ 7400, 7402, 7404, 7408 iy 7432 ix.Dys; m˙m: ÷ LED ÷ 220 Ω m%;sfrdaO

VCC

7408

VCC

7400

VCC

7402

VCC

7404

VCC

7432

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

÷ fok ,o nQ,Sh m%ldYkhlg w∞< m˙m:h ilia ls¯ug wjYH ix.Dys; m˙m: imhkak'

÷ jHdmD;s mqjre iy iïnkaOl jhr® ,nd fokak'

÷ cj iemhqu úp,H kï" 5V ,nd fok f,i th iSre udre lr" ksjer† O%eùh;dj iïnkaO

lrkafka oehs úuis,su;a jkak'

÷ iaúÉp uÛska w∞< m%∞k ,nd °ug Wmfoia fokak'

÷ i;H igyk ksjer†j iïmQr®K l< yels úh hq;=h'

° we;s m%ldYkh Z = A . B

;r®l m˙m:h

ZAB


- 54 -

wjYH oajdrh ( AND iy NOT

wjYH ix.Dys; m˙m:h ( 7408" 7404 i;H igyk ( A B Z 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0



2& wdrlaIl l%fudamdh ms<sn| wjOdkh ^,l=Kq10&


÷ nQ,Sh m%ldYkhg w∞< oajdr kï ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&

÷ ix.Dys; m˙m: f;dard .ekSu ^,l=Kq10&

÷ m˙m: tl,ia ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&

÷ m%;s∞kh ,nd .ekSu ^,l=Kq10&

4& ksñ M,h

÷ i;H igyk ,sùu ^,l=Kq20&

5& hym;a jev mqre≥ ,l=Kq10&

uqΩ,l=Kq100&

m¯laIKh05

ldrl jr®Olhla wmjr®Olhla f,i Ndú; ls¯u

÷ wod< Wmdx. f;dard .ekSfï yelshdj m¯laId ls¯u

÷ ix.Dys; m˙m:hl w.% lshùfï yelshdj m¯laId ls¯u

÷ bf,lafg%dksl m˙m:hla jHdmD;s mqjrejl tl,ia ls¯fï yelshdj m¯laId ls¯u

÷ m%odk yd m%;sodk ;rx.j, ñkqï f∞a,fkalaIfhka lshùfï yelshdj m¯laId ls¯u


÷ wjYH m%;sfrdaOl iuÛ fjk;a w.h j,ska hq;a wu;r m%;sfrdaOl lsysmhla

÷ ldrl jr®Ol ix.Dys; m˙m: ^741&

÷ jHdmD;s mqjrej"

÷ ir, Odrd cj iemhqu

÷ foda,fkalaIh

÷ ixd cklh

÷ iïnkaOl /yeka

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& ,nd ° we;s m˙m:hg wod< Wmdx. f;dard .ekSu i|yd wjia:dj i,ikak'

+

+ −

−

VinVo

R2 = 100 kΩ

R1 = 10 kΩ

+

−

Vcc

741


- 55 -

Vo = Vin R2

R1

^2& m˙m:h jHdmD;s mqjrej u; $ fõfrda fndaâ tll tl,ia lrjd ixd cklh m%odkhg

iïnkaO lrjkak'

^3& iemhqu ,nd°ug fmr O%eùh;dj ksjer† ±hs m¯laId lrkak'

^4& wod< ixd uÜgu ,nd° ;sfí ±hs m¯laId lrkak'

^5& wod< m%;sfrdaO iïnkaO;dj wkqj ,efnk m%;sodk" iDcqj foda,fkalaIh Ndú; lr uekSug

i,iajkak'

^6& f∞a,fkalaIfha iSre udre ls¯ï ksjer†j is≥lr ;sfíoehs m¯laId lrkak'





÷ m˙m:h tl,ia ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&

÷ cj iemhqu iïnkaO ls¯u ^,l=Kq15&

÷ foda,fkalaIh Ndú;h ^,l=Kq15&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ m˙m:fha ksrjoHNdjh iy ksudj ^,l=Kq20&


ûqΩ,l=Kq100&

m¯laIKh06

g%dkaisiagrh iaúÉphla f,i Ndú; ls¯u

÷ bf,lafg%dksl m˙m:hla jHdmD;s mqjrejla u; tl,ia ls¯fï yelshdj m¯laId ls¯u

÷ wod< Wmdx. f;dard .ekSfï yelshdj m¯laId ls¯u

÷ wjYH l%shdld˙;ajh ,nd .ekSu i|yd m˙m:hl iSre udre ls¯ï is≥ l< yels ±hs m¯laId

ls¯u


÷ wjYH m%;sfrdaOl iuÛ fjk;a w.h j,ska hq;a wu;r m%;sfrdaOl lsysmhla

÷ úp,H m%;sfrdaOl ÷ LDR ÷ C 828 g%dkaisiagr® ÷ LED ÷ ir, Odrd cj iemhqu ÷ jHdmD;s mqjrej

÷ iïnkaOl /yeka

2' l%shd ms<sfj<

^1& m%;sfrdaOl lsysmhlska iy g%dkaisiagr® lsysmhlska m˙m:hg wjYH m%;sfrdaOl iy g%dkaisiagrh

f;dard .ekSug wjia:dj i,ikak'

220 Ω

10 K

LDR

330 Ω

+5 V


- 56 -

^2& by; i|yka m˙m:h jHdmD;s mqjrej u; $ fõfrda fndaâ tll tl,ia lrjkak'

^3& m˙m:h ksjer†j tl,ia lr ;sfí±hs m¯laId lr" iemhqu ksjer† O%eùh;dfjka iïnkaO

lrjkak'

^3& O%eùh;dj udre ù ;sfí kï ksjer† lrjkak'

^4& m˙m:h ksjer†j l%shd;aul fõ±hs m¯laId lrkak'





÷ m˙m:h tl,ia ls¯u ^,l=Kq20&

÷ cj iemhqu iïnkaO ls¯u ^,l=Kq15&

÷ m˙m:fha l%shdld˙;ajh ^,l=Kq15&

^4& ksñ M,h

÷ ksjer†j iSreudre ls¯u ^,l=Kq10&

÷ m˙m:fha ksudj ^,l=Kq10&


uqΩ,l=Kq100&

* * *

66 - ffcj moaO;s ;dCIKfõoh

- 57 -



m%Yak m;% jHQyh

I m;%h (- ld,h meh 02hs' jrK 5 ne.ska jQ nyqjrK m%Yak 50ls' m%Yak ish,a,g u ms<s;=re iemhsh

hq;= h' tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq 03 ne.ska uqΩ ,l=Kq 150ls'

II m;%h (- ld,h meh 03hs'

fuu m%Yak m;%h jHqy.; rpkd yd rpkd jYfhka fldgia follska

iukaú; h'

A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd jr®.fha m%Yak y;rls' m%Yak ish,a,g u

ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= h' tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq 60 ne.ska

,l=Kq 240 ls'

B fldgi - rpkd jr®.fha m%Yak yhls' m%Yak y;rlg ms<s;=re iemhsh

hq;= h' tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq 90 ne.ska ,l=Kq 360 ls'

II m;%h i|yd uqΩ ,l=Kq = 600 ÷ 4 = 150

wjidk ,l=Kq .Kkh ls¯u (- I m;%h = 150 II m;%h = 150 m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh = 100 wjidk ,l=Kq = 400 ÷ 4 = 100

I m;%h ie,lsh hq;=hs (

∗ ishÆ u m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

∗ ksjer† fyda jvd;a .e<fmk fyda ms<s;=r f;darkak'^úNd.fha ° ms<s;=re iemhSu i|yd

nyqjrK lv∞ishla imhkq ,efí'&

1. f.dv fnda.hla i|yd iq≥iq u mdxY= f;;uk wjia:dj jkafka"

^1& mi c,fhka ix;Dma; jQ úg h'

^2& mi ;djld,sl ue<jqï wxlhg <`.d jQ úg h'

^3& myiqfjka ,nd.; yels c,h 50% olajd wvq jQ úg h'

^4& jr®Idjg fyda c, iïmdokhg miqj h'

^5& mi fCIa;%Od˙;djg m;a jQ úg h'

2. c,fhys wvx.= ldnksl wmøjH m%udKh uekSug fhdod .; yels iïu; mrdñ;sh jkafka"

^1& lGßk;ajh hs' ^2& úoHq;a ikakdhl;dj hs' ^3& ffcùh Tlaiscka b,aÆu hs'

^4& flda,sfµdaï nelaàrshd ixLHdj hs' ^5& pH w.h hs'

3. isõ frdao g%elagrhlg ;eá k`.=, iïnkaO l< hq;af;a"

^1& uq≥ka weuqKqug (top link) h' ^2& wE≥ï oKavg (draw bar) h'

^3& PTO oKavg h' ^4& ;=ka mqrela wE`≥ug (three point linkage) h'

^5& wE`≥ï md,lhg (draft controller) h' 4. ls˙ foùfï hka;%hla u`.ska fokqkaf.a ls˙ foùfï °"

^1& ;k mqvqj,g jeä mSvkhla fhdohs'

^2& ;k mqvqj, wr®O ˙la;l ;;a;ajhla we;s lrhs'

^3& nqre,a,g wvq mSvk ;;a;ajhla fhdohs'

^4& nqre,a,g ˙oauhdkql+, W;air®ckhla ,nd fohs'

^5& ;k mqvq fjka fjka jYfhka W;air®ckh lrhs'

- 58 -


5. ì;a;r ouk úis;=re uiqka ldKav w;=frka takac,a u;aiHhka wh;a jkafka"

^1& ì;a;r úiqrejkakka ldKavhg h' ^2& ì;a;r ;ekam;a lrkakka ldKavhg h'

^3& ì;a;r j< oukakka ldKavhg h' ^4& ì;a;r uqLh ;=< rojd .kakka ldKavhg h'

^5& l+vq ;kkakka ldKavhg h'

6. uCoaf`Codlald j.dfõ jvd;a jeo.;a fmr wiajkq ls%hdj jkafka" wiajkq

^1& fk<Sug fmr j.d fCIa;%hg c, iïmdokh ls¯u hs'

^2& fk<Su ioyd úh<s ld<.=Ksl ;;a;ajhla f;dard .ekSu hs'

^3& fk<Sug fmr m˙k; or®Yl i,ld ne,Su hs'

^4& fk<Sug fmr Ydl lfòys jr®Kh i,ld ne,Su hs'

^5& fk<Sug fmr m;%j, jr®Kh i,ld ne,Su hs'

7. flakaødmid˙ c, fmdïmhla u.ska c,h tiùu is≥ jkafka"

^1& m%;Hdjr®;k msiagkfhka (reciprocal piston) we;s lrkq ,nk pQIKh u.sks'

^2& m%dÖrfha (diaphragm) p,kh u.sks'

^3& mdclfhka (impeller) c,fhys we;s lrkq ,nk N%uK p,s;h u.sks'

^4& .shr frdao (gear wheels) u`.ska we;s lrk mSvkh u.sks'

^5& tla †Ydjlg muKla ls%hd;aul jk lmdgj, (valves) ls%hdld˙;ajh u.sks'

8. jgmkq frda. y∫kd .ekSu iòyd is≥ l< yels úoHd.dr m˙CIdjla jkafka"

^1& uia;= m˙CIdj hs' ^2& cdk m˙CIdj hs' ^3& nr®udka mqkS, m˙CIdj hs'

^4& hqI jEiaiSfï m˙CIdj hs' ^5& frdamK udOHhl j.d lr m˙CId ls¯u hs'

9. ÆákSldrl fydar®fudakh (LH) fokqkaf.a"

^1& iHqksld jr®Okhg Wmld¯ fõ' ^2& ixfiapkhg Wmld¯ fõ'

^3& tkafv%dfïÜ˙hfuys meje;aug Wmld¯ fõ' ^4& äïn fudapkhg Wmld¯ fõ'

^5& l,, jr®Okhg Wmld¯ fõ'

10. ixpdrl mCISka ms<snò j wOHhkh ls¯u iòyd wNh N+ñhla fj; hk mqoa.,fhl= jvd;a fyd¢ka ye¢kaúh

yelafla"

^1& ixpdrlhl= f,i h' ^2& .fõIlhl= f,i h' ^3& rE foia ixpdrlhl= f,i h'

^4& mr®fhaIlhl= f,i h' ^5& w.hkakl= f,i h'

11. ;jdkla i|yd jvd;a u iq≥iq ia:dkhla jkafka"

^1& ukd j ysret<sh ,efnk" fydoska c,jykh is≥ jk f,dau mila iys; iu;,d ìula h'

^2& c,h myiqfjka /f|k" Ldokhg Tfrd;a;= fok" f,dau mila iys; iu;,d ìula h

^3& ysre t<sh uo jYfhka ,efnk" f,dau mila we;s" c,h myiqfjka nei fkdhk iu;,d ìula h'

^4& m%jdyk myiqlï iys;" ysre t<sh ukd j ,efnk je,s mila iys; iu;,d ìula h'

^5& fijK iys; ukd j c,jykh is≥ jk f,dau mila iys; iu;,d ìula h'

12. fldkalS%Ü jvd;a iq≥iq jkafka"

^1& wd;kH Ndrhka oe¯u iòyd hs' ^2& iïmSvl Ndrhka oe¯u iòyd hs'

^3& lïmk Ndrhka oe¯u iòyd hs' ^4& Æyq nr jHqyhka iòyd hs'

^5& úp,H Ndrhka oe¯u iòyd hs'

13. ;K msÜgkshl iSudj kv;a;= ls¯u i|yd jvd;a WÑ; WmlrKh jkafka"

^1& jeá lmamd≥ l;=r h' 2& WoHdk msysh h' ^3& w;auq,aÆj h'

^4& wv i| udhsï lmkh h' 5& ;Kfld< lmk l;=r h'

14. fmg%,aj,g wdfoaYl f,i Ndú; lrk ffcj t;fkda,a ksIamdokh i|yd fhdod .kq ,nk fnda. jkafka"

^1& jegt`vre" rnr® yd Wla h' ^2& nvb˙`.=" rnr® yd iSksîÜ h'

^3& .a,srsiSähd" jegt`vre yd rnr® h' ^4& ;s˙`.=" Wla yd nvbrs`.= h'

^5& Wla" iSksîÜ yd .a,s˙iSähd h'

15. ;u jD;a;Sh f,i lDñkdYl fh°u l< wfhl= jir lsysmhlg miq tajd fhdok w;r;=fr® u la,dka;h

iE° frday,a .; ls¯ug is≥ úh' fuys ° Tyqg is≥ jQ wdmodj wh;a jkafka"

^1& ridhksl wdmodjlg h' ^2& fN!;sl wdmodjlg h' ^3& ffcùh wdmodjlg h'

^4& Y%u wdmodjlg h' ^5& ufkda iud„h wdmodjlg h'

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16. mila fCIa;% Od˙;d wjia:dfõ mj;sk úg" tys j.d lr we;s fnda.hlg wjfYdaIKh l< yels c,h jkqfha"

^1& iïmQr®K flaYdlr®IK c, m%udKh hs' ^2& iïmQr®K c,dlr®IK c, m%udKh hs'

^3& flaYdlr®IK c,fhka fldgila mu◊' ^4& .=re;ajdlr®IK c,fhka fldgila mu◊'

^5& flaYdlr®IK yd .=re;ajdlr®IK c,fhka fldgila muKs'

17. A iy B kï jQ ,CIH folla w;r WÉp;ajfha fjki b;d ksjer† j fidhd .ekSu i|yd f,j,h (Level) iú l< hq;af;a"

^1& A iy B ,CIH fol w;r ´kE u ,CIHhl h'

^2& A iy B ,CIH fol w;r uOH ,CIHfha h'

^3& A ,CIHfha isg A yd B ,CIH fol w;r ≥frka 1/10 la muK ≥˙ka h'

^4& B ,CIHfha isg A yd B ,CIH fol w;r ≥frka 1/10 la muK ≥˙ka h'

^5& A ,CIHh u; fyda B ,CIHh u; h'

18. CIqø m%pdrKfha ° CIqø„ù wdidok je<elaùu i|yd fhdod .kakd ridhk øjHh jkqfha"

^1& ta.dr® (Agar) h' ^2& fidaähï Tlaislaf,darhsâ (NaOCl) h'

^3& bkafvda,a ìhqg˙la wï,h (IBA) h' ^4& flaiSka yhsfv%d,hsfkaÜ (Casein hydrolynate) h'

^5& il%Sh ldnka (Activated carbon) h'

19. idudkHfhka „jdkqy˙; ls˙ weis¯u iòyd w∫re weiqreï øjH ksr®foaY flfr®' fuu ksr®foaYfha m%Odk

wruqK jkafka"

^1& ksIaamdokh flfr® md˙fNda.sl wdlr®Ykh jeä ls¯u hs'

^2& ksIamdokfha fmdaIl wdrCId ls¯u hs'

^3& ksIamdokfha CIqøcSú .ykh md,kh ls¯u hs'

^4& ksIamdokfha fN!;sl .=Kdx. wdrCId ls¯u hs'

^5& ksIamdokfha weiqreï ms˙jeh wvq ls¯u hs'

20. uyd m˙udK iQCIu .j f.dúfmd<l tla/iajk f.du iy .j uq;%d ksis m˙† l<ukdlrKh ls¯u

jeo.;a fõ' ta iòyd fhdod .; yels l<ukdlrK l%ufõohla jkafka" tajd

1& j<j,aj, tla/ia lr ;nd miqj jd˙ c,h iu. fCIa;%hg fh°u h'

2& „j jdhq W;amdokh iòyd wuqøjHhla f,i Ndú; ls¯u h'

^3& úYd, f.dvj,a f,i tl;= lr úh<d" miqj f.dúmf<ka neyer ls¯u h'

^4& úh<Sfuka miqj mqÆiaid b;s˙ jk wΩ" fmdfydr ksIamdokhg Ndú; ls¯u h'

^5& †km;d u fmdfydrla f,i fCIa;%hg fh°u h'

21. m%;s„jl ,nd fok wj†fha ° fokqkaf.ka ,nd .kakd ls˙ iDcq m˙fNdackfhka je<lsh hq;af;a"

^1& m%;s„jl ksid tu ls˙ leá .efik neúks'

^2& md˙fNda.slhd m%;s„jlj,g ixfõ° úh yels neúks'

^3& tys wêl nelaà˙hd .ykhla mj;sk neúks'

^4& tys ,dCIKsl .kaOhla mj;sk neúks'

^5& tys jr®Kh fjkia jk neúks'

22. ì;a;rj, .=Kd;aul nj uekSfï ° zzfyda tall w.hZZ (Haugh units score) jeo.;aa fõ' th uekSu iòyd

Ndú; lrkq ,nk mrdñ;s jkafka"

^1& >k we,aìhqñka ia;rfha os. yd tys úIalïNh fõ'

^2& ly uofha Wi yd tys úYalïNh fõ'

^3& >k we,aìhqñka ia;rfha Wi yd ì;a;rfha nr fõ'

^4& ly uofha Wi yd ì;a;rfha nr fõ'

^5& >k we,aìhqñka ia;rfha Wi yd ly uofha Wi fõ'

23. wdydr m˙rCIK Ys,am l%u u.ska iDcqj u"

^1& ≥IafmdaIKh md,kh lrhs' ^2& iD;=l fjkia ùï wju lrhs'

^3& weiqreï ms˙jeh wju lrhs' ^4& m%jdyk msrsjeh wju lrhs'

^5& ksIamdok ms˙jeh wju lrhs'

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24. WoHdk w,xlrKfha ° wjOdkh flakaø.; l< yelafla"

^1& fyd¢ka ks¯laIKh l< yels ;ekl lemS fmfkk wx. ia:dmkh ls¯fuks'

^2& fhdod .kakd wx. kej; kej; Ndú; ls¯fuks'

^3& fhdod .kakd wx. l%udkql+, fjkilg Ndckh ls¯fuks'

^4& iuñ;sl fr®Ldjl WoHdk wx. msysgqùfuks'

^5& fhdod .kakd ishÆ u wx.j, m%udKhka tlsfkl .e<mSfuks'

25. WoHdkhl ,CIK lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

A - Ydl úfYaI úYd, ixLHdjla olakg we;'

B - oDV yd uD≥ wx. iuñ;sl j olakg we;'

C - cHdñ;sl yev nyq, j olakg we;'

by; ,CIK w;=frka úêu;a wdldrfha WoHdkhl oelsh yels jkafka"

^1& A muKs' ^2& B muKs' ^3& C muKs' ^4& A yd B muKs' ^5& B yd C muKs'

26. c, „ù fmdl=Kq moaO;shla iòyd c,h we;=Æ ùu yd msgùu iòyd c, udr®. fjk fjk u mej;Su jvd;a

jeo.;a jkafka"

^1& tla fmdl=Klska bj;a lrk c,h u.ska ;j;a fmdl=Kla mqrjd .ekSug h'

^2& frda. jHdma; ùfï yelshdj wju lr .ekSug h'

^3& tla tla fmdl=fKys c, yqjudrej ukd j mj;ajd .ekSug h'

^4& fõ,s u.ska jk c, ydksh j<lajd .ekSSug h'

^5& m%Yia; Tlaiscka uÜgula mj;ajd .eksug h' 27. foaY.=Ksl idOl ffcj moaO;s flfrys úúO wdldrfhka n,mdkq ,nhs' ta wkqj my; i|yka m%ldY

w;=˙ka jvd;a ksjeros jkafka"

^1& by< idfmaCI wdr®ø;d ;;a;aj hgf;a lsls<s ì;a;r .nvd l< yels ld,h jeä fõ'

^2& wêl iq<x ;;a;aj hgf;a iQCIu l%uhg we;s lrk .jhkaf.a c, wd.kqj jeä fõ'

^3& by< wdf,dal ;Sj%;d hgf;a id.rfha fjfik ks;,jdiS u;aiHhkaf.a wdydr .ekSfï YS>%;dj jeä fõ'

^4& jr®Idm;kh wvq ùu ksid c,c „ùkaf.a m%ckk rgd fjkia fõ'

^5& by< WIaK;aj ;;a;aj hgf;a fldr,a mr nqyqndjkaf.a .yk >k;ajh jeä fõ'

28. wr®O iSud jQ c,Orhl"

^1& my< iSudj wmdr.uH mdIdK ia;rhlska iukaú; h'

^2& by< yd my< iSud wmdr.uH mdIdK ia;r follska iukaú; h'

^3& by< fyda my< fyda iSud wr®O mdr.uH mdIdK ia;rhlska iukaú; h'

^4& c,h iSñ; m%foaYhl muKla úys ° we;'

^5& c, uÜgu N+.; c,hg by<ska msysghs'

29. ksrjoH;dj jeä jk wkqms<sfj<g ;sria ≥r uekSfï l%uj, fm<.eia u jkqfha"

^1& mshjr l%uh" iafÜähd l%uh" úoHq;a l%uh yd ñkqï má l%uh hs'

^2& mshjr l%uh" ñkqï má l%uh" úoHq;a l%uh yd iafÜähd l%uh hs'

^3& mshjr l%uh" ñkqï má l%uh" iafÜähd l%uh yd úoHq;a l%uh hs'

^4& mshjr l%uh" iafÜähd l%uh" ñkqï má l%uh yd úoHq;a l%uh hs'

^5& ñkqï má l%uh" mshjr l%uh" iafÜähd l%uh yd úoHq;a l%uh hs'

30. m,;=re iy t<jÆj, m˙K; or®Yl ms<sno m%ldY folla my; oelafõ'

A - m˙K; or®Yl Ndú;fhka t<jÆ iy m,;=rej, miq wiajkq ydks wvq lr .; yels h'

B - m˙K; or®Yl Ndú;fhka t<jÆ iy m,;=rej, wdr®:sl jákdlu jeä lr .; yels h'

by; m%ldY w;=frka"

^1& A ksjeros jk w;r B jer† h'

^2& B ksjeros jk w;r A jer† h'

^3& A yd B m%ldY fol u ksjer† h'

^4& A ksjeros jk w;r B u.ska th jvd;a meyeos,s lrhs'

^5& B ksjeros jk w;r A u.ska th jvd;a meyeos,s lrhs'

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31. ìialÜ ksheoshl bkaøSh f.dapr we.hSu iïnkaOfhka m%ldY lsysmhla my; oela fõ'

A - bkaøSh f.dapr w.hkakd ìialÜj, jÜfgdarej oek isáh hq;= hs'

B - bkaøSh f.dapr we.hSu wmCImd;s mrsirhla hgf;a is≥ úh hq;= hs'

C - bkaøSh f.dapr we.hSfï ° ksis f,i ilia lrk ,o we.hSï m;%sld fhdod .; hq;= hs'

by; m%ldY w;=frka ksjeros jkafka"

^1& A muKs' ^2& B muKs' ^3& C muKs' ^4& A yd B muKs' ^5& B yd C muKs'

32. iud.ula kj fhda.Ü ksIamdokhla fjf<ofmd<g y`≥kajd °ug wfmaCId lrkq ,nhs' ksIamdokh y`≥kajd

°ug fmr iud.u úiska .; hq;= mshjrj, jvd;a ksjeros wkqms<sfj< jkafka"

^1& ksIamdokh iQ;%Kh ls¯u" fjf<ofmd< ióCIKh iy YlH;d wOHhkh hs'

^2& fjf<ofmd< ióCIKh" YlH;d wOHhkh iy ksIamdokh iQ;%Kh ls¯u hs'

^3& YlH;d wOHhkh" fjf<ofmd< ióCIKh iy ksIamdokh iQ;%Kh ls¯u hs'

^4& ksIamdokh iQ;%Kh ls¯u" YlH;d wOHhkh iy fjf<ofmd< ióCIKh hss'

^5& fjf<ofmd< ióCIKh" ksIamdokh iQ;%Kh ls¯u iy YlH;d wOHhkh hs'

33. Ydl frda. ms<sno m%ldY lsysmhla my; oela fõ' ta w;=frka jvd;a u ksjeros m%ldYh jkafka"

^1& Ydlhla frda.S Ndjhg m;a jQ úg" Ydlfhys ldhsl úoHd;aul ls%hdj,Skaays ìo jeàula is≥ fjhs'

^2& Ydlhla frda.S Ndjhg m;a ùug CIqø„ùka muKla fya;= fjhs'

^3& Ydlhl frda. ,CIK ks¯CIKh jk úg" tu Ydlfhys mj;sk frda.S ;;a;ajh iqjlr

.ekSug mj;sk bvlv b;d wju h'

^4& Ydlhla frda.S Ndjhg m;a jQ úg" tu Ydlh fmkakqï lrk frda. ,CIK u.ska frda.hg fya;= jQ

CIqø„ú úfYaIh y`≥kd.; yels h'

^5& Ydl frda.j,g fya;= ldrl jk CIqø„ù fldÜGdih y`≥kd .ekSu i|yd úfYaIs; jQ m¯CIKhla is≥

ls¯u w;HjYH h'

34. wiajkq fk<ñka mj;sk fndaxÑ j.djl weka;%elafkdaia frda.h md,kh i|yd fm%dmsfldkfid,a †,Sr

kdYlh wf.daia;= 02 osk Ndú; l< w;r" tys fmr wiajkq fk<Sfï ld,dka;rh †k 21 ls' tu j.dfjys u

lr,a ú†k o<Uqjka md,kh i|yd ;fhdaäldí wf.daia;= 05 †k Ndú; l< w;r" tys fmr wiajkq

fk<Sfï ld,dka;rh †k 14 ls' fuu fndaxÑ j.dfjys wiajkq kej; fk<Su i|yd iq≥iq jkqfha wf.daia;="

^1& 14 fyda bka miqj h' ^2& 16 fyda bka miqj h' ^3& 19 fyda bka miqj h'

^4& 21 fyda bka miqj h' ^5& 23 fyda bka miqj h'

35. ≥r®j, fi!LH wdrCIs; ;;a;ajh hgf;a .nvd l< uia mrsfNdackh ksid wdydr úI ùu we;s úh yels h'

fï ;;a;ajhg fya;= ldrl jk m%Odk CIqø„úhd jkafka"

^1& Lactobacillus bulgaricus h' ^2& Clostridium botulinum h' ^3& Aspergilas flavas h'

^4& Lactobacillus thermophilus h' ^5& Penicilium roquforti h'

36. m%úlsrKh hkq wdydr lr®udka;fha fhdod .kq ,nk kQ;k m˙rCIK Ys,am l%uhls' wdydr m%úlsrKfha °

is≥ úh yels jvd;a iq,N wys;lr n,mEu jkafka wdydrfha wvx.="

^1& ksoyia uqla; LKav m%udKh wvq ùu hs' ^2& fm%daàk TlaislrKh ùu hs'

^3& úgñka A m%udKh wvq ùu hs' ^4& Lksc ,jK TlaislrKh ùu hs'

^5& tkaihsu il%Sh ùu hs'

37. ksr®mdxY= j.dfõ ° fmdaIl udOHfha ;sìh hq;= m%Yia; pH mrdih iy m%Yia; úoHq;a ikakdhl;d mrdih

wkqms<sfj<ska

^1& 5.8-6.5 iy 1.5-2.5 ds/m fõ' ^2& 6.5-7.5 iy 2.5-2.7 ds/m fõ'

^3& 7.5-8.5 iy 2.6-2.9 ds/m fõ' ^4& 5.5-6.5 iy 4.2-4.5 ds/m fõ'

^5& 6.8-7.8 iy 0.5-1.2 ds/m fõ'

38. Ydlidr ksiaidrKh iy weiqreï ms<sno m%ldY lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

A - ldnksl ødjl u.ska i.kaO f;,a ksiaidrKh l< yels h'

B - i≥ka f;,a ksiaidrKh iòyd yqud, wdijkh fhdod .; yels h'

C - i.kaO f;,a weiqreu iòyd w`≥re meye;s weiqreï w;HjYH fkdfõ'

by; m%ldY w;=frka ksjeros jkafka"

^1& A muKs' ^2& B muKs' ^3& C muKs'

^4& A iy B muKs' ^5& A, B iy C hk ish,a,u h'

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39. kj jHdmdrhla weröug fmr jHjidhlhl= Y≥w; (SWOT) úYaf,aIKhla is≥ l< hq;= jkafka"

^1& uQ,H m%Njhka y`≥kd .ekSug h' ^2& idr®:l;ajhg we;s ndOd oek .ekSug h'

^3& wfmaCIs; úl=Kqï ;lafiare lr .ekSug h' ^4& md˙fNda.sl úNjh oek .ekSug h'

^5& idr®:l;ajhg we;s YlH;dj oek .ekSug h'

40. iajNdúl jkdka;r ms<sno m%ldY lsysmhla my; oela fõ'

A - ndOdjkaf.ka f;dr j iajNdúl j fndfyda l,la ;siafia jr®Okh ùu'

B - by< m%fõKsl úúO;ajhla iys; fndfyda Ydl úfYaI mej;Su'

C - Ydlj,g wu;r j fndfyda i;a;aj úfYaI mej;Su'

D - úúO ld,dka;rhkays ñksiqkaf.a ueosy;a ùu'

by; m%ldY w;=frka by< ffcj úúO;ajhla ioyd odhl jkafka"

^1& A iy B mu◊' ^2& B iy C mu◊' ^3& A, B iy C mu◊'

^4& A, C iy D mu◊' ^5& A, B, C iy D ish,a,u'

41. wdrCIs; .Dy (Protected houses) ms<sn| j m%ldY lsysmhla my; ±la fõ'

A - ksjr®;k l,dmSh fnda. fi!uH l,dmfha j.d ls¯ug y˙;d.dr Ndú; lrhs'

B - fmd,s;Ska .Dy ia:sr m%pdrl jHqy f,i jr®. lrhs'

C - ,Kq .Dy Wvjeähd" weka;+˙hï j.d ls¯ug Ndú; lrhs'

D - wmkhkh i|yd ldfkaIka j.d ls¯ug ,S má .Dy fhdod .kS'

fuu m%ldY w;˙ka i;H jkafka"

^1& A iy B muKs' ^2& A iy C mu◊' ^3& B iy C muKs'

^4& B iy D muKs' ^5& C iy D mu◊'

42. ksr®mdxY= j.d l%u ms<sn|j m%ldY lsysmhla my; oela fõ'

A - j.d uÆ i|yd msg; lΩ iy we;=<; iq≥ mdrcïnq, lsrK m%;sfrdaê fmd,s;ska Ndú; lrhs'

B - isria j.duÆ i|yd fldyq fl|s Ndú; l< hq;= w;r ;sria j.d uÆ i|yd fldyqn;a Ndú; lrhs'

C - isria j.d uÆ ;dCIKh i|yd fmdaIl iemhSug úis¯ c, iïmdokh nyq, j fhdod .kS'

by; m%ldY w;˙ka jvd;a ksjeros jkafka"


^4& A iy B muKs' ^5& B iy C mu◊'

43. ffcj moaO;s ms<sn| m%ldY lsysmhla my; oela fõ'

A - „ù yd w„ù ixrplj,ska iukaú; h'

B - ;dlaIKh Ndú;fhkaa M,odhS;dj fjkia l< fkdyels h'

C - ixrpl w;r wka;r®¾l%shd is≥ fõ'

by; m%ldY w;=˙ka ksjer† jkafka"


^4& A iy B muKs' ^5& B iy C mu◊'

44. ld,.=Ksl uOHia:dkhl WmlrK ixia:dmkh lrk whqre oelafjk m%ldY lsysmhla my; oela fõ'

A - wks,udkh yd iq<x osYd or®Ylh fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg 10 m la Wiska isák f,i iú lrhs'

B - jdIamSlrK ;eáfha isg 1.5 m la ≥˙ka jr®Idudkh iú lrhs'

C - iQr®h úlsrKudkh yd iQr®h °mA;udkh fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg 1.5 m la Wiska iú lrhs'

by; m%ldY w;=rska ksjeros j.ka;sh jkafka"


^4& A iy B muKs' ^5& A iy C mu◊'

÷ 45 jk m%Yakhg ms<s;=re iemhSu i|yd my; rEmigyk Ndú; lrkak'

45. rEmfha ±lafjkafka A B C ;%sfldaKdldr N+ñhls' tys ±lafjk ñkqï

A

h a c

B

Cb

weiqfrka" my; ° we;s P, Q, R m%ldY i,ld n,kak'

P - ½ bh h' Q - ½ a b sin C h'

R - s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)√ h' fuys s = a + b + c 2 by; i|yka A B C ;%sfldaKdldr N+ñfha fCIa;%M,h iudk jkqfha"

^1& P muKs' ^2& Q muKs' ^3& P yd Q muKs'

^4& Q yd R muKs' ^5& P , Q yd R ish,a,u'

- 63 -


46. weiqreï øjH ms<snò m%ldY folla my; oela fõ'

A - th ishÆ u wdydr øjH iòyd ffk;sl wjYH;djls'

B - th wf,ú fuj,ula jYfhka Ndú; l< yels h'

by; m%ldY w;=frka"

^1& A ksjer† jk w;r B jer† h'

^2& B ksjer† jk w;r A jer† h'

^3& A yd B m%ldY fol u ksjer† h'

^4& A ksjer† jk w;r B u.ska th jvd;a meye†,s lrhs'

^5& B ksjeros jk w;r A u.ska th jvd;a meye†,s lrhs'

47. wdydr úYaf,aIKfha ° tys wΩ m%udKh ms<sno m%ldY folla my; oela fõ'

A - wΩ m%udKh u.ska wdydrfha Lksc,jK m%udKh ksfhdackh lrhs'

B - wdydrhl ;:H;dj (authenticity) m˙CId ls¯ug wΩ m%udKh fhdod .; yels h'

by; m%ldY w;=frka"

^1& A muKla ksjeros h'

^2& B muKla ksjeros h'

^3& A yd B m%ldY fol u ksjeros h'

^4& A ksjeros jk w;r B u.ska th jvd;a meyeos,s lrhs'

^5& B ksjeros jk w;r A u.ska th jvd;a meyeos,s lrhs'

48. W≥kl WIaK;ajh md,kh ls¯u iïnkaO rEmigykla my; olajd we;'

WIaK;ajh wd∞kh

W≥k

;dmlh m%;s∞kh

;dm úoHq;a hq.auh (Thermocouple)

fuu rEmigyfka ;dm úoHq;a hq.aufha ldr®hh jkafka"

^1& iSudj blaujd r;a ùul ° isis,kh u.ska W≥fka WIaK;ajh md,kh ls¯u hs'

^2& W≥fka WIaK;ajh ixfõokh ls¯u hs'

^3& ;dmlh ls%hd;aul ls¯u hs'

^4& ;srh u; WIaK;ajh oelaùu hs'

^5& W≥k md,lhg iïnkaO ls¯u hs'

49. my; rEmigyfka olajd we;s m˙m:h ;=<ska .,d hk Odrdj olajkq ,nkafka"

R1

R2

R3

V

^1& V/(R1+R2+R3) u.sks' ^2& R1+R2+R3 /V u.sks' ^3& R1 × V u.sks'

^4& R1-(R2+R3)/V u.sks' ^5& V2/(R1+R2+R3) u.sks'

50. jdIamSlrKudk jdIamSlrKh (Ep) †klg ñ,s ógr 5.0 lajQ m%foaYhl j.d lr we;s tla;rd fnda.hl

mqIamSlrK wj†fha fnda. ix.=Klh (Kc) 1.15 la fõ' jdIamSlrK ;eáfha ix.=Klh (Kp) 0.8la kï fuu

fnda.fha mqIamSlrK wjoafha fnda. jdIamSlrK W;aiafõokh ^†klg ñ,s ógr&"

^1& 3.7 ls' ^2& 4.0 ls' ^3& 4.6 ls' ^4& 5.0 ls' ^5& 6.3 ls'

***

- 64 -



II m;%h

jHQy.; rpkd iy rpkd

ie,lsh hq;=hs (

∗ A fldgfia m%Yak ish,a,g u ms<s;=re imhkak'

∗ B fldgfika m%Yak y;rlg muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'

A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd

1. (A) mig c,h ,efnk m%Odk udr®.h jkqfha jr®IKh hs'

(i) jr®IKh wr®: olajkak'

…………………………………………......……………………….……………………. …….................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) wêl jr®Idjlg miq mdi,a f.j;af;a tla;rd ia:dkhl" fCIa;%h u;=msg c,h /`° we;s nj

YsIHhl= úiska ks¯CIKh lrkakg fh≥Ks'

(1) fuf,i c,h /`° we;s tu ia:dkfha mi l=uk wjia:djl we;a±hs i|yka lrkak'

......................................................................................................................................^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) mila u;=msg /ia jQ c,h †k .Kkdjla /`° mj;Skï" tfia ùug n,mdk m%Odk

fya;=jla i|yka lrkak'

......................................................................................................................................^,l=Kq 03hs&

(3) mil r|jd .; yels c, m%udKh ;SrKh lrkakd jQ m%Odk mdxY= idOl folla i|yka

lrkak'

(a) ................................................................................................................................

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(b) ................................................................................................................................^,l=Kq 03hs&

(4) mia kshe†hl c, m%udKh fiùfï m¯CIKhl ° ,nd .;a o;a; my; oela fõ'

úh<s fldafõ nr 80 g úh<s fldafõ yd f;;a mia ksheosfha nr 116.8 g úh<s fldafõ yd W∫fka úhΩ mia ksheosfha nr 112 g mfia oDIH >k;ajh 1.8 kgm-3

mia kshe†fha m˙udñ;sl mdxY= c, m%udKh .Kkh lrkak'

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

^,l=Kq 03hs&

- 65 -


(B) mila iqixykh yd Ldokh ùu" mdxY= ydhkhg n,mdhs'

(i) mdxY= iqixykh wju lr .; yels l%u folla i|yka lrkak'

(1) ……….............…………..…………..…………..…………..…….……..…………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…..………….…………..............…………..…………..…….……..…………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) m%Odk mdxY= Ldok ldrl ;=kla i|yka lrkak'

(1) ……...............…………..…………..…………..…………...……….…..…………...

(2) ....…..…..………..…………..............…………..………….......…….…..…………..

(3) ....…..…………..…………..............…………..………….....……….…..…………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(iii) mdxY= ixrCIKh ioyd fhdod .; yels YIH úoHd;aul l%u ;=kla ioyka lrkak'

(1) .………....………....……..…………..…………..…..................………..…………..

(2) ....….………..…………..…………..………..…..…………..……..........……..........

(3) ……....…………………..…….................……....…………..……….….....………..^,l=Kq 03hs&

(C) rgl y˙; wdjrKh jeälr .ekSu ioyd m%cd jk l<ukdlrKh fhdod .efka' m%Odk m%cd jk

l<ukdlrK wdldr ;=kla i|yka lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…………..…………..…..................………..…………...

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(3) ………...…………………..…….................……..…………..……….….....………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(D) c, mú;%Kfha ° we,ï fhdod c,fha wj,ïNs; wxY= bj;a ls¯fï ls%hdj,sfha m%Odk mshjr folla

i|yka lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…………..…………..…..................………..…………...

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) ....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..............

^,l=Kq 03hs&

- 66 -


(E) (i) tla;rd f.dú uy;l=g wdrCIs; .Dy ;=< fnda. j.dfõ ° my; ±lafjk .egÆj,g uqyqK

°ug is≥ úh' tu tla tla .egÆj úi°u iòyd jvd;a iq≥iq m%;slr®uh ne.ska iòyka lrkak'

.egÆj m%;slr®uh

(a) ;lald,s M, me,Su' ...............................................................

(b) fn,afmmr® Ydl m;% há me;af;a iq≥

meye;s mqia jr®.hla olakg ,eîu' ...............................................................

(c) i,do msms`Coa`C∞ je,aj, úYd, jYfhka

l=vd f.ä yg .ekSu' ...............................................................

(d) c, frdams; iafg%dafn˙ j.djl <má

m;%j, kdrá w;r ly meye ùu' ...............................................................

^,l=Kq 03hs&

^,l=Kq 03hs&

^,l=Kq 03hs&

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) my;rg m%foaYfha jdih lrk iajhx /lshdjla f,i weka;+˙hï j.d ls¯ug iqodkï jk

f.dú uy;l=g j.dj iòyd iq≥iq wdrCIs; .Dyhla i|yka lrkak'

……..………...……..…….......……..…………..…..................………..….....……..…...

^,l=Kq 03hs&

2. (A) my; oelafjkqfha c, fmdïmhl rEmigykls'

P

Q

R

(i) fuu c, fmdïmh ls%hdlrk uQ,Or®uh ioyka lrkak'

.......……………….………………………………………………………………………^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) by; rEmigyfkys olajd we;s fldgia kï lrkak'

P - ………………………………….....................................................….…. ^,l=Kq 03hs&

Q - …………………………………….……..……........................................ ^,l=Kq 03hs&

R - ……………………………………..........................................…............. ^,l=Kq 03hs&

(iii) fuu fmdïmfha Ndú;h w;HdjYH jkakd jQ c, iïmdok l%u folla ioyka lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…………..…………..…..................………..…………...^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........^,l=Kq 03hs&

(iv) Tn (iii) ys fhdackd l< c, iïmdok l%uj, .egÆ folla ioyka lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…………..…………..…..................………..…………...^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........^,l=Kq 03hs&

- 67 -


(v) Tn (iii) ys fhdackd l< c, iïmdok l%u iòyd frdka uv iys; c,h fhdod .ekSug jQfha

kï ta iòyd .; hq;= iq≥iq ls%hd udr®.hla iòyka lrkak'

…………………………………………………...…..…..…..…..…................................. .....…...…………………………………...…..…..…..…..…......................................…...

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(B) c,„ù iïm;a m%jr®Okh ls¯u rgl wdr®:slh flfrys Okd;aul j n,mdkq ,nhs'

(i) c,„ù iïm;a Ndú; lrñka úfoaY úksuh Wmhkq ,nk foaYSh lr®udka; folla i|yka

lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…………..…………..…..................………..…………...

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) wNHka;r c,dY ;=<g u;aiH megjqka uqod ye¯u u.ska u;aiH .ykh jeä ls¯u is≥ lrkq

,nhs' fuu`.ska m%cdjg w;a jk jdis folla ioyka lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…………..…………..…..................………..…………...^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........^,l=Kq 03hs&

(iii) jdKsc j jeo.;a úis;=re c,c me<eá folla ioyka lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…………..…………..…..................………..…………...

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(C) m,;=re iy t<jÆj, miq wiajkq ydks wju lr .ekSu iòyd m˙K; or®Yl iy wiajkq fk<Sfï

l%u Wmfhda.s lr .; yels h'

(i) m,;=re iy t<jÆj, ksjer† wiajkq fk<Sfï wjia:d ksr®Kh ls¯u iòyd fhdod .; yels

m˙K; or®Yl ;=kla iòyka lrkak'

(1) ………..………......……..…………..…………..…..................………..………..…..^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) ....…………..…...………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……...........^,l=Kq 03hs&

(3) ………...…………………..…….................……..…………..……….….....…….…..^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) m,;=re iy t<jÆ fnda.j, wiajkq fk<Su hdka;%slrKfha ° uqyqK mdk .egÆ folla

iòyka lrkak'

(1) ………..…...……...……..…………..…………..…..................………..……..……..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) ....…………..…...………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……...........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

- 68 -


3. (A) u,a iy úis;=re m;%sl Ydl iòyd foaYSh j fukau úfoaYSh j o by< fjf<ofmd<la mj;S'

(i) u,a yd úis;=re m;%sl Ydl i|yd mj;sk foaYSh fjf<|fmd< b,aÆu jeä ùug fya;= ;=kla

i|yka lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…………..…………..…..................…..……..…………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........….…..........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(3) ………...…………………..…….................……..…………..……….….....….……..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) lemqï u,a j.dfõ me< ,nd .ekSu ioyd CIqø m%pdrKh Ndú;fha jdis folla olajkak'

(1) ………..…...……...……..…………..…………..…..................………..……..……..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) ....………...…..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……...........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(B) .j .ykh jeä lr .ekSu ioyd kQ;k Ys,amSh l%uhla f,i l,, udrej (embryo transfer) Ndú;

lrkq ,nhs'

(i) l,, udrej is≥ ls¯fï ls%hdj,sh my; oelafõ' fuys (a), (b), (c) yd (d) kï lrkak'

∞hl fok f;a¯u

(c) ............................................

(b) ............................................

l,, udrej

(a) ...........................................

(d) ...........................................

l,, fida∞ ye¯u

^,l=Kq 03hs&

^,l=Kq 03hs&

^,l=Kq 03hs&

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) l,, udre ls%hdj,sfha iSudld¯ idOl folla ioyka lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…………..…………..…..................….……..…………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

- 69 -


(C) lDñ m<sfndaO md,kfha ° tla tla lDñhdf.a rEmdka;rK wdldrh ms<sn| ±kqu jeo.;a fõ'

(i) lDñ rEmdka;rK wdldr fol i|yka lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…………..…………...…..................………..…………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) lDñ m<sfndaO md,kfha ° lDókaf.a „jk pl%h ms<sno oekqu jeo.;a jk wjia:d folla

i|yka lrkak'

(1) …………..….……...……..…………..…………..…..................………..…………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(D) mD:ßú mDIaGh u; fyda hg fyda by< fyda msysá ,CIHj, idfmaCI msysàu fiùu ìï uekSu f,i

ye†ka fõ'

(i) N+ñ;sl ìï uekSu (Geodetic surveying) iy iu;,d ìï uekSu (Plane surveying) w;r m%Odk

fjki l=ula o@

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) ìï uekSfï ls%hdj,sfha ° ,nd .kakd o;a; fCIa;% fmdf;ys we;=<;a ls¯fï ° wkq.ukh l<

hq;= jeo.;a lreKq folla ioyka lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…….……..…………..…..................………..…………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(iii) ìï uekSu yd iïnkaO my; i|yka mo wr®: olajkak'

(1) isria fr®Ldj :- ……………...……….…………………....……………………….… …………….…………………………………………………………

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) ;sria fr®Ldj :- ………….......……….………………………………………………. …………….…………………………………………………………

^,l=Kq 03hs&

- 70 -


4. (A) my; iòyka ixfla; u.ska olajd we;s úoHq;a Wmdx. kï lr" tl tlla iòyd Ndú;hla ne.ska

iòyka lrkak'

ixfla;h Wmdx.fha ku Ndú;h

(i) .............................................. ................................................................ ^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) ............................................... ................................................................^,l=Kq 03hs&

(iii) .............................................. ................................................................^,l=Kq 03hs&

(iv) .............................................. ................................................................^,l=Kq 03hs&

(B) ìï ieliSfï WmlrK lsysmhl rEmigyka my; oelafõ'

fuu WmlrK kï lr tl tlla iòyd Ndú;hla ne.ska iòyka lrkak'

ku Ndú;h

(a) ..................................... ................................................^,l=Kq 03hs&

(b)

..................................... ................................................^,l=Kq 03hs&

(c)

.................................... ................................................^,l=Kq 03hs&

(d) .................................... ................................................

^,l=Kq 03hs&

- 71 -


(C) iuyr Ydl jr®. mΩ≥ ls¯u u.ska Y%dj ,nd .; yels h'

Y%dj ,nd .ekSu iòyd Ydl mΩ≥ ls¯fï ° ie,lsh hq;= lreKq ;=kla iòyka lrkak'

(1) …………..…….…...……..…………..…………..…..................………..…………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(3) ………...…………………..…….................……..…………..……….….....………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(D) wdydrhl .=Kd;aul Ndjh mj;ajd .ekSu iòyd kshdukh ls¯u fuka u hym;a ksIamdok ms<sfj;a

wkq.ukh ls¯u o jeo.;a fõ'

wdydrhl .=Kd;aul ;;a;aj mj;ajd .ekSug YS% ,xldfõ Ndú; jk m%ñ;s folla iòyka

lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……...…………..…………..…..................………..…………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(E) ksis weiqreï l%ufõo u.ska wdydrhl .=Kd;aul nj iqrCIs; flfr®'

wdydr" kùklD; wNHka;r md˙i˙l ;;a;aj hgf;a weiqreï ls¯fuka ,efnk jdis folla

iòyka lrkak'

(1) …………..….……...……..…………..…………..…..................………..…………..

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........

^,l=Kq 03hs&

(F) ridhksl j yd „j úoHd;aul j krla jQ wdydr m˙fNdackfhka fi!LH .egÆ we;s fõ'

(i) wdydr" ridhksl j yd „j úoHd;aul j krla ùug WodyrKhla ne.ska iòyka lrkak'

ridhksl j krla ùu (- ……...….....…………….........................…………….^,l=Kq 03hs&

„j úoHd;aul j krla ùu (- ...................…....….............………………………….^,l=Kq 03hs&

(ii) ridhksl j yd „j úoHd;aul j wdydr krla ùu wju l< yels ls%hdldrlï ;=kla iòyka

lrkak'

(1) …………..………...……..…………..…………..…..................………...…………..^,l=Kq 03hs&

(2) …....…………..…………..…………..…………..…………..……..........……..........^,l=Kq 03hs&

(3) ………...…………………..…….................……..…………..……….….....………..^,l=Kq 03hs&

**

- 72 -


B fldgi - rpkd

5. (i) ;, fïi ìï uekSfï úlsrK l%uh (radiation method) u.ska l=vd bvul is;shula we|

.kakd wdldrh meyeos,s lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

(ii) y˙;d.drhla ;=< ia:dms; c, iïmdok moaO;shla iajhxlS%h (automated) ls¯fï ° wkq.ukh

l< hq;= ls%hdudr®. úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

(iii) kj wdydr ksIamdokhl fjf<ofmd< bv m%ia:d we.hSu iòyd is≥ lrkq ,nk fjf<òfmd<

ióCIKhla iòyd Wmfhda.s lr.kq ,nk m%Yakdj,shla ie,iqï ls¯fï ° i,ld ne,sh hq;=

m%Odk lreKq iòyka lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

6. (i) uiqka fidhd .ekSu ioyd nyqosk hd;%d wkq.ukh lrk kùk ;dCIK l%u úia;r lrkak'

^,l=Kq 30hs&

(ii) yqud, wdijkh u`.ska i∫ka f;,a ksiaidrKh ls¯fï ls%hdj,sfha tall ls%hdldrlï úia;r

lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

(iii) úh<s l,dmfhys N+.; c,h mqkrdfrdamkh ls¯fï jeo.;alu meye†,s lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

7. (i) m,;=re iy t<jÆ m%jdykfha ° miq wiajkq ydks wju lr .eksu iòyd .; yels m%Odk

ls%hdudr®. meyeos,s lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

(ii) l=l=Ω uiaj, .=Kd;auh we.hSu iòyd fhdod .kakd fN!;sl l%u úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

(iii) rE foia ixpdrl lr®udka;fhka m%dfoaYSh ck;djg w;a jk m%;s,dN úia;r lrkak'

^,l=Kq 30hs&

8. (i) iajNdúl jkdka;rj, ffcj úúO;ajh ixrCIKh iòyd lD;S%u jk j.d Wmld¯ jk whqre

meyeos,s lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

(ii) úis;=re c,c Ydl jdKsc j j.d ls¯fï ° fhdod .kakd l%ufõoh úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

(iii) lDIs fnda. j.dj, frda. l<ukdlrKh iòyd Ndú; jk YIH úoHd;aul Wmdh udr®.

úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

9. (i) c,fhka ix;Dma; jQ ueá f,dau mia ksheoshlg jdhqf.da,Sh mSvk 1/3 l pQIK mSvkhla

fh°fuka miq" Ndrñ;sl c,h m%udKh 28%la úh' ;j;a tjeks u mia kshe†hlg jdhqf.da,Sh

mSvk 15l pQIK mSvkhla fhoSfuka miq Ndrñ;sl c,h m%udKh 20%la úh' tu mfiys oDYH

>k;ajh 1.6 g cm-3 úh'

(a) fuu mfika fnda.hlg ,nd .; yels uqΩ c, m%udKh c, Wila f,i olajkak'

^,l=Kq 10hs&

(b) fuu mfiys uQ, l,dmfha .eUqr 40 cm jk fnda.hla j.d lr we;' wiajekak wvq ùu wju

lr .ekSu i|yd ,nd .; yels uqΩ c, m%udKfhka 40%l W!k;djhl ° c, iïmdokh

l< hq;= fõ' fuu fnda.hg fhosh hq;= Y=oaO c, iïmdok wjYH;dj fldmuK o@

^,l=Kq 10hs&

(c) c,h fh°fï ldr®hCIu;dj 60%la kï o< c, iïmdok wjYH;dj fldmuK o@^,l=Kq 10hs&

(ii) jHdmdr ie,eiaul wvx.= úh hq;= m%Odk ixrpl úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

(iii) úl,am n, Yla;s m%Njhla f,i ffcj bkaOk Ndú;fha jdis úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

10. (i) wdmod je<elaùfï Oqrdj,sfha mshjr kï lr tu tla tla mshjfrys jeo.;alu meyeos,s

lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

(ii) wdrCIs; .Dyj, md,s; mrsir ;;a;aj we;s ls¯ug fhdod .kakd Wml%u úia;r lrkak'

^,l=Kq 30hs&

(iii) ;=,s; nj WoHdk w,xlrKfha ° fhdod .kakd wdldrh úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 30hs&

***

- 73 -


66 - ffcj moaO;s ;dCIKfõoh - m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh

m%dfhda.sl m¯CIK jHQyh

ld,h meh 02hs'

fuu m¯CIKh A yd B f,i fldgia follska iukaú; h'

A fldgi (- fuu fldgi ioyd meh 01l ld,hla ysñ jk w;r" m%Yak 30lska iukaú; ia:dkSh

m¯CIKhla (Spot test) f,i meje;afõ' tla m%Yakhlg ms<s;=re iemhSug ñks;a;=

02l ld,hla ,efí' ;j o tla m%Yakhla iòyd ,l=Kq 05 ne.ska fuu fldgi iòyd

,l=Kq 150la ysñ fõ'

B fldgi (- fuu fldgi iòyd o meh 01l ld,hla ysñjk w;r" fuh B - 1 fldgi iy

B - 2 fldgi f,i fldgia follska iukaú; fõ' fuys° imhd we;s B - 1

fldgiska tla ls%hdldrlula o B - 2 fldgiska tla ls%hdldrlula o jYfhka

ls%hdldrlï 02la wfmaCIlhd úiska is≥ lr" úuid we;s m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhsh

hq;= h' fuu fldgfiys tla ls%hdldrlulg ,l=Kq 75 ne.ska B fldgi i|yd

,l=Kq 150ls'

wjidk ,l=K .Kkh ls¯u (-

A fldgi = 150

B fldgi = 150

wjidk ,l=K = 300 ÷ 3 = 100

m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh - A fldgi

÷ msgq wxl 81 isg 83 olajd msgqj, m¯CIK uKav, Wmfoia ys i|yka lr we;s ksor®Ylh$ksor®Yl ia:dk 30l

wkqms<sfj<ska ;nd" tu ia:dk 30g w∞< j msgq wxl 73 isg 78 olajd we;s m%Yak 30 i|yd ms<s;=re iemhsh

hq;= h'

÷ imhd we;s ia:dkSh ksor®Ylh $ ksor®Yl weiq˙ka my; i|yka m%Yakj,g imhd we;s ;s;a b˙ u; ms<s;=re

imhkak'

ia:dkh 1

(a) fuu WmlrKh kï lrkak'

................................................................................................................................................ ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu WmlrKh weiqfrka mdGdxl ,nd f.k" ° we;s j.=j Ndú; lr fuu ia:dkfha idfmaCI

wdr®ø;dj .Kkh lr olajkak'

................................................................................................................................................ ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 2

(a) fuu mia kshe† foflys jhk mx;s ksr®Kh lrkak'

A :- ............................................................... B :- ................................................................. ^,l=Kq 03hs&

(b) fuu mia kshe† foflka lDIsldr®ñl lghq;= i|yd jvd;a iq≥iq kshe†h kï lrkak'

.............................................................................................................................................. ^,l=Kq 02hs&

- 74 -


ia:dkh 3


............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu WmlrKh Ndú; ls¯fï ° fhdod .kakd kshe†h ieliSfï ° wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk m%Odk

mshjr ;=k iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 4


................................................................................................................................................ ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu WmlrKfha m%Odk Ndú;h iòyka lrkak'

................................................................................................................................................ ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(c) fuh fhdod .kakd wjia:djla iòyka lrkak'

................................................................................................................................................ ^,l=Kq 01hs&

ia:dkh 5

(a) ° we;s o;a; weiqfrka ;%emsidN l%uh fhdod f.k fuu bvfï fCIa;%M,h fidhkak'

................................................................................................................................................ ^,l=Kq 04hs&

(b) fujeks bvul fCIa;%M,h iDcqju uek .; yels WmlrKhla i|yka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 01hs&

ia:dkh 6

(a) idr®:l noaOhla ioyd iqq≥iq wkqch ,nd .; yels ˙ls,a, kï lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

(b) th f;dard .ekSug fya;=j iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

ia:dkh 7

(a) A yd B noaO l%u kï lrkak'

A :- ............................................................... B :- ................................................................. ^,l=Kq 03hs&

(b) A ksor®Ylfha i<l=Kq lr we;s P yd Q fldgia kï lrkak'

P :- ............................................................... Q :- ................................................................. ^,l=Kq 02hs&

ia:dkh 8


............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu WmlrKfha P f,i f,an,a lr we;s fldgfiys ldr®hNdrh iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(c) fuu WmlrKh fhdod .kafka l=uk ldr®hhla iòyd o@

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 01hs&

- 75 -


ia:dkh 9

° we;s f,an,fha oelsh yels ffk;sl jYfhka ie,flk wvqmdvq myla iòyka lrkak'

1. .................................................................. 2. .................................................................... 3. .................................................................. 4. .................................................................... 5. .................................................................. ^,l=Kq 05hs&

ia:dkh 10

(a) A, B yd C iajNdúl m%pdrK jHqy kï lrkak'

A :- ............................................................... B :- ................................................................. C :- ............................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

(b) fuu m%pdrK jHQy Ndú;fha m%Odk jdis folla iòyka lrkak'

1. ........................................................................................................................................... 2. ........................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

ia:dkh 11

by; ksor®Ylfha iòyka lr we;s A, B, C, D yd E fldgiaj, m%Odk ls%hdj ne.ska iòyka lrkak'

A :- ............................................................... B :- ................................................................. C :- ............................................................... D :- ................................................................. E :- ............................................................... ^,l=Kq 05hs&

ia:dkh 12


............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu WmlrKh Ndú;fhka ks¯CIKh l< yels ,CIK ;=kla iòyka lrkak'

1. ........................................................................................................................................... 2. ........................................................................................................................................... 3. ........................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 13

(a) fuu Wmdx.h kï lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu Wmdx.h iys; c, fmdïm jr®.h iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 01hs&

(c) fuu Wmdx.fhka bgq lrkq ,nk ldr®hh iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

ia:dkh 14

(a) fuu îcfhys m%frdayKh m%udo ùug n,mdk m%Odk fya;=j iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu îcfhys m%frdayKh blauka ls¯u iòyd l< yels îc m%;sldr l%uhla i|yka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

- 76 -


ia:dkh 15

(a) fuu ksor®Ylhg je<° we;s frda.h kï lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) tu frda.hg fya;= jk CIqø„ù ldKavh i|yka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 01hs&

(c) tu frda.h me;s¯u je<elaùug .; yels ls%hdudr®.hla iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

ia:dkh 16

(a) fuu lDñhd kï lrkak'

.............................................................................................................................................. ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu lDñhd fnda.hg ydks lrk wdldrh iòyka lrkak'

.............................................................................................................................................. ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 17

(a) fuu ksor®Ylh wmkhkh i|yd kqiq≥iq ùug fya;= folla iòyka lrkak'

1. ........................................................................................................................................... 2. ........................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu u,a fjf<|fmd<g b†˙m;a ls¯fï ° wkq.ukh l< hq;= m%Odk mshjr ;=kla iòyka lrkak'

1. ...........................................................................................................................................2. ...........................................................................................................................................3. ........................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 18

(a) by; A, B yd C WmlrK w;=frka P yd Q ksor®Ylj, m˙K; or®Yl we.hsh yels WmlrKh ne.ska

kï lrkak'

P :- ....................................................................................................................................... Q :- ....................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 04hs&

(b) P ys wiajkq fk<Su i|yd jvd;a iq≥iq ojfia l=uk fõ,djla o@

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 01hs&

ia:dkh 19

(a) fuu ksor®Ylfha jr®Kh fjkia ùu iòyd n,md we;s uQ,sl ls%hdj,sh iòyka lrkak'

................................................................................................................................................ ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu jr®K fjkia ùu j<lajd .ekSu i|yd .; yels ls%hdudr®.hla iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 20

(a) fuu Ydlh kï lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu Ydlfha Ndú;h iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

- 77 -


ia:dkh 21

(a) fuu wdydrh iòyd Ndú; lr we;s m˙rCIK l%uh i|yka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu wdydr m˙rCIK l%ufha ° wkq.ukh l< hq;= uQ,sl mshjr ;=kla iòyka lrkak'

1. ........................................................................................................................................... 2. ...........................................................................................................................................

3. ........................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 22

(a) fuu Ydl fldgi wh;a jk Ydlh i|yka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu Ydlfha oejj,ska ,nd .; yels m%fhdack ;=kla iòyka lrkak'

1. ........................................................................................................................................... 2. ...........................................................................................................................................

3. ........................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 23

(a) fuu Ydl fldgi wh;a jk Ydlh i|yka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu Ydlfhka ,nd .; yels m%fhdack ;=kla i|yka lrkak'

1. ........................................................................................................................................... 2. ...........................................................................................................................................

3. ........................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 24

(a) A yd B w;=frka úúOdx.SlrKh lrk ,o wdydrh iy w.h tl;= lrk ,o wdydrh kï lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) by; ksor®Ylhg wu;r j úúOdx.SlrKh lrk ,o wdydr iòyd WodyrK ;=kla iòyka lrkak'

1. ........................................................................................................................................... 2. ...........................................................................................................................................

3. ........................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 25

(a) fuh tka‚ul l=uk moaO;shlg wh;a fõoe hs iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuys ls%hdj iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 26

(a) fuu Wmdx.h Ndú; jk c, iïmdok l%uh i|yka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) wfkl=;a c, iïmdok l%u Wmdx.hkag idfmaCI j" fuu Wmdx.fha we;s úfYaI;ajh iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(c) fuu Wmdx.h Ndú;fha ° we;s úh yels m%Odk .egÆj iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 01hs&

- 78 -


ia:dkh 27

(a) rEmdldrh wkqj" ksor®Ylh wh;a jk" j,a me<Eá ldKavh iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu j,a me<Eáh m%pdrKh jk wdldrhla iòyka lrkak'

............................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 28


.............................................................................................................................................. ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu WmlrKh Ndú;fha ° wkq.ukh l< hq;= m%Odk mshjr ;=k iòyka lrkak'

1. ........................................................................................................................................... 2. ...........................................................................................................................................

3. ........................................................................................................................................... ^,l=Kq 03hs&

ia:dkh 29

(a) wdrCIs; fnda. j.dfõ ° fuu ksor®Ylh Ndú; lrk wdldrh iòyka lrkak'

.............................................................................................................................................. ^,l=Kq 03hs&

(b) my;rg wdrCIs; fnda. j.dfõ ° fuu ksor®Ylh fhdod .ekSfï úfYaIs; wruqK iòyka lrkak'

.............................................................................................................................................. ^,l=Kq 02hs&

ia:dkh 30


.............................................................................................................................................. ^,l=Kq 02hs&

(b) fuu WmlrKfha Ndú;h iòyka lrkak'

.............................................................................................................................................. ^,l=Kq 03hs&

**

- 79 -


m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh - B fldgi

B - 1 yd B - 2 hk tla tla fldgiska tla m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh ne.ska l< hq;= h'

iEu m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKhl u Tn wkq.ukh l< mshjr ms<sfj<ska ,shd oelaúh hq;= h'

B - 1 fldgi

1. wmñY%Kh fkdlrk ,o wdydr y≥kd .ekSu

WmlrK yd øjH (- wdf,dal wkaùCIh" ù≥re lod" jeiqï fm;s" ù≥re îlrhla" c,h"

wmñY%Kh l< yd fkdl< idïm,

^fuu wmñY%Kh fkdl< idïm, ;=k yd wmñY%Kh l< idïm, ;=k

A, B, C, D, E, yd F f,i wyUq f,i f,an,a lr we;'&

^wmñY%Kh fkdl< idïm, (- ly l=vq" iy,a msá" l=rlalka msá&

^wmñY%Kh l< idïm, (- ly l=vq 80] + ;srs`.= msá 20]"

iy,a msá 80] + ;srs`.= msá 20]"

l=rlalka msá 80] + ;srs`.= msá 20]&

m%Yakh (- ° we;s WmlrK Ndú; lrñka A, B, C, D, E, yd F f,i i|yka

idïm, yh wmñY%Kh l< yd fkdl< f,i fjka lr olajkak'

2. ° we;s mia idïm,hl i;H >k;ajh fiùu

WmlrK yd øjH (- ms˙is≥ úh<s >K;aj l=mams folla" úoHq;a ;=,djla" mia idïm,hla"

c,h" áIq lvodis

m%Yakh (- by; WmlrK yd øjH wdY%fhka ° we;s mia idïm,fha i;H >k;ajh

fidhkak'

^c, ;dmlhla ;=< WKqiqï ls¯u wjYH fkdfõ'&

3. ióm ,CI folla w;r WÉp;ajfha fjki .Kkh ls¯u

WmlrK yd øjH (- f;mdj iys; iajhxlS%h f,j,h" uÜgï hIaáh

^ógr 08la muK ≥˙ka ,CI folla ,l=Kq lrkak'&

m%Yakh (- by; WmlrK Ndú;fhka ° we;s ,CI fol w;r WÉp;ajfha fjki

fidhkak'

4. ls˙j, .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh m¯CId ls¯u

WmlrK yd øjH (- ms˙is≥ kejqï t<ls˙ idïm,hla" 20]la c,h tl;= l< t<ls˙

idïm,hla" ms˙is≥ úh<s >K;aj l=mams folla" pH 4 iy pH 7 ødjk

folla" pH ógrhla" úoHq;a ;=,djla

m%Yakh (- ° we;s WmlrKh weiqfrka ms˙is≥ t<ls˙ idïm,h y≥kd .kak' Tn

wkq.ukh l< mshjr i|yka lrkak'

5. ° we;s ødjkfha pH iy EC w.h kSr®Kh ls¯u

WmlrK yd øjH (- pH 4 iy pH 11 ødjk folla" pH ógrhla"

A - we,anÜ ødjkh"

B - we,aanÜ ødjkh + 0.3 M HCl wï,h

C - we,aanÜ ødjkh + 10% NaCl ødjkh"

îlr folla" EC ógrh

m%Yakh (- ° we;s A, B iy C ødjkhkays pH w.h iy EC w.h ksr®Kh lrkak'

tu ødjk w;=frka c,frdams; j.dj iòyd iq≥iq ødjkh f;dard fya;=j

iòyka lrkak'

- 80 -


B - 2 fldgi

6. fldaäh,a ksIamdokh iòyd wuqøjH ilia ls¯u

WmlrK yd øjH (- wU" wkakdis" mefmd,a" lmk ,E,a,la" msyshla" fíiï lsysmhla" foys

f.ä lsysmhla" fmrkhla" brix ógrhla ^0 isg 25 olajd&

m%Yakh (- by; WmlrK yd øjH Ndú;fhka fldaäh,a ksIamdokh iòyd m,;=re

hqI ilia lrkak'

7. Ydl idr wdijkh ls¯fï WmlrK yd tys fldgia y≥kd .ekSu yd tajdfha l%shdld˙;ajh y≥kd .ekSu'

WmlrK yd øjH (- isfg%dfk,a,d" iejkaord" l=re≥" gr®mkaghska fyda fiar m;% hk

øjHhkaf.ka myiqfjka imhd .; yels tla øjHhla" c, wdijk

WmlrKh yd th iú ls¯ug wjYH Wmdx." lmk ,E,a,la" msyshla"

úoHq;a ;rdosh" ú≥,s ,sm" wLKav c, iemhqula

m%Yakh (- wdijkh ls¯u i|yd wjYH m˙† by; WmlrK ksis m˙† wgjd ksis

f,i ilid .;a wuqøjH ksjer†j ;ekam;a lrkak'

8. kemaiela †hr biskfha fldgia tl,ia ls¯u

WmlrK yd øjH (- fldgiaj,g fjka lrk ,o kemaiela oshr biskhla" c,h

m%Yakh (- WmlrKfha fldgia ksis m˙† tl,ia lr ldka≥ùï m¯CId lr

n,kak'

9. úúO w;= neòSu yd noaO ls¯u

WmlrK yd øjH (- w;= neòSu n≥ka.; l< w;= ne°ug iq≥iq Ydlhla" u;=msg mia"

fldïfmdaiaÜ" fldyqn;a" msyshla" l¨mdg fmd,s;ska lene,a,la"

kQ,a lene,a,la" noaO ls¯u n≥ka.; l< wU fyda rUqgka me<hla"

tu jr®.fhau wkqchla f,i fhdod .; yels w;= lene,a,la" noaO

msysh" fmd,s;ska má

m%Yakh (- by; WmlrK yd øjH Ndú;fhka w;= ne£ula yd ˙ls,s noaOhla is≥

lrkak'

10. úis;=re m;%sl Ydl iy lemqï u,a me< n≥ka .; ls¯u yd wdor®Y ilia ls¯u'

WmlrK yd øjH (- 30 cm Wi n≥kla" fldïfmdaiaÜ" úh<s f.dufmdfydr" .x.d je,s"

2cm × 3 cm m%udKfha WΩ fyda .fvd,a len,s" weka;+˙hï me<" msyshla"

c,h" l=vd m%udKfha ma,diaála fldamamhla

m%Yakh (- by; WmlrK yd øjH weiqfrka Ydlh ksjer†j n≥ka .; lrkak'

***

- 81 -


66 - ffcj moaO;s ;dCIKfõoh - m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh

m¯CIK uKav,h i|yd Wmfoia

fuu m¯CIKh A yd B f,i fldgia follska iukaú; h'

A yd B fldgia i|yd wjYH WmlrK yd øjH m¯CIl uKav,h úiska iemhsh hq;= hs'

A fldgi meh 01hs

÷ wxl 01 isg 30 olajd imhd we;s ksor®Ylh fyda ksor®Yl ia:dk 30l wkqms<sfj<ska msysgqjd ta weiqfrka wxl

73 isg 78 olajd msgqj, i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= h'

1. ksor®Ylh (- f;;a yd úh<s n,an WIaK;ajudkh

Wmfoia ( fuu WmlrKh fuu m˙CIdjg .e<fmk wdldrhg ksis m˙† wgjd ;sìh hq;= h' m¯CIl

úiska iEu YsIH lKavdhula iòyd u m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh wdrïN ls¯ug fmr yd miqj

by; mdGdxl igyka lr f.k ryiH j ;nd .; hq;= h' wdr®ø;d j.=fõ msgm;la iEu

YsIHfhl=g u ,nd †h hq;= fõ'

2. ksor®Ylh (- tlsfklg fjkia je,s" ueá yd frdkauv m%;sY; ,l=Kq lrk ,o A yd B kï jQ

mia kshe† folla

Wmfoia ( jhk ;s%fldaKfha msgm;la iEu YsIHfhl=gu ,nd †h hq;= fõ'

3. ksor®Ylh (- mdxY= øjudkh

4. ksor®Ylh (- A rduqj

5. ksor®Ylh (- ;%emsishu yeve;s bvul rEm igykla

Wmfoia ( imhd we;s rEm igyk fï iòyd fhdod .; hq;= h'

6. ksor®Ylh (- A, B yd C f,i kï lrk ,o ˙ls,s ;=kla

Wmfoia ( fuys ° b;d fïrE" wr®O j fïrE yd <má ˙ls,s ;=kla ,nd †h hq;= h' ˙ls,s ;=fkys

w.%ia: m%frday fldgia bj;a lr ;sìh hq;= h' ;j o ˙ls,s ;=k u mekai,l m%udKfha

úIalïNhlska hqla; úh hq;= h' fuu ˙ls,s ;=k tl u úfYaIhlg wh;a úh hq;= h'

7. ksor®Ylh (- A yd B f,i kï lrk ,o noaO l%u folla

Wmfoia ( A ˙ls,s noaOhla úh hq;= w;r tys .%dylh yd wkqch ms<sfj<ska P yd Q f,i f,an,a

l< hq;= h' B wxl=r noaOhla úh hq;= h' fuu noaO fol u wÆ; is≥ l< noaO folla úh

hq;= w;r ksis m˙† fjÆï má fhdod iïmQr®K lr ;sìh hq;= h' .%dylh n≥ka .; lr ;sìh

hq;= h'

8. ksor®Ylh (- mSvk ;dmlh

Wmfoia ( WmlrKfha mSvk md,lh P f,i kï lr ;sìh hq;= h'

9. ksor®Ylh (- ffk;sl jYfhka wvqmdvq iys; f,an,hla

Wmfoia ( imhd we;s f,an,h fuu ksor®Ylh iòyd fhdod .; hq;= h'

10. ksor®Ylh (- A - flfi,a fyda wkakdis

B - .y, fyda ls˙w,

C - ΩEkq

- 82 -


11. ksor®Ylh (- kï lrk ,o WIaK;aj md,l m˙m:hla

Wmfoia ( imhd we;s f,an,a lrk ,o WIaK;aj md,l m˙m:h fï iòyd fhdod .; hq;= h'

12. ksor®Ylh (- lekaâ,ska WmlrKh

13. ksor®Ylh (- bïfm,rh

Wmfoia ( fuys ° bïfm,rh fjka lr th muKla ksor®Ylh f,i ;eìh hq;= h'

14. ksor®Ylh (- >k îcdjrkhla iys; îchla ^wU" ishU,d" foys&

Wmfoia ( fuu ksor®Ylh iòyd >k îcdjrKhla iys; îchla f,i jryka ;=< we;s îc w;=frka

tlla fhdod .; hq;= h'

15. ksor®Ylh (- m;% úÑ;% frda.h je<`≥Kq m;%hla

Wmfoia ( m;% úÑ;% frda.h je<`≥Kq nKavlald" mefmd,a fyda l=lr®ìfgisfha l=,fha YdL m;%hla fï

iòyd fhdod .; hq;= h'

jeo.;a ( fmdaIK W!k;d fmkajk m;%hla fkdjQ" ksjer† j m;% úÑ;% frda.h je<∫Kq m;%hla imhd

.ekSug m%fõYï úh hq;= h'

16. ksor®Ylh (- lDñ m<sfndaOfhla

Wmfoia ( wjq,fldfmdard >kfha iqyqUq,a lDñfhla fï iòyd fhdod .; hq;= h'

17. ksor®Ylh (- wmkhkh i|yd kqiq≥iq weka;+˙hï u,la

18. ksor®Ylh (- A - fmksfg%da ógrh ^Firmness meter) B - DO ógrh

C - Hand refractor ógrh

P - m,;=rla

Q - t,jÆjla

Wmfoia ( P ksor®Ylh iòyd wU" mefmd,a fyda f,uka fhdod .; hq;= h' Q ksor®Ylh iòyd nKavlald"

jegfldÆ fyda mf;da, fhdod .; hq;= h'

19. ksor®Ylh (- lyg msmSug ,la jQ m,;=rla fyda t<jÆjla

Wmfoia ( ksor®Ylh f,i fkdb`≥Kqq flfi,a" wem,a" ngq" wr®;dm,a jeks m,;=rla fyda t,jÆjla

f.k th lmd" lyg msmSug ,la ùfuka miq lemqï uqyqK; fydoska or®Ykh jk fia

;eìh hq;= h'

20. ksor®Ylh (- úis;=re c,c me<Eá lr®udka;fha ° Ndú; jk me<Eáhla

Wmfoia ( fï iòyd Hydrilla, Aponogeton, Cryptecoryne, Sagittaria, Limnophila, Valisnaria fyda Cabomba hk úis;=re c,c Ydl w;=frka tlla fhdod .; hq;= h'

21. ksor®Ylh (- úh<k ,o wdydrhla

Wmfoia ( fï iòyd fyd†ka úh<k ,o lrj, lene,a,la fhdod .kak'

22. ksor®Ylh (- jk j.d iòyd Ndú; lrk Ydlhl m;% iys; w;a;la

Wmfoia ( fï iòyd f;alal" ufyda.kS fyda gr®mkaghska Ydlhl m;% iys; w;a;la fhdod .; hq;= h'

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23. ksor®Ylh (- úis;=re NdKav ksmoùu iòyd fhdod .kq ,nk Ydlhl lò fldgila

Wmfoia ( WK fyda ng Ydlhl lò fldgila fï ioyd fhdod .; hq;= h'

24. ksor®Ylh (- A - fidfiacia lr,a lsysmhla

B - ÆKqfoys

25. ksor®Ylh (- ãi,a µs,agrh

26. ksor®Ylh (- ìx≥ c, iïmdok úfudaplh

27. ksor®Ylh (- ;DK l=,hg wh;a j,a me<Eáhla

28. ksor®Ylh (- lmamd≥ lsh;

29. ksor®Ylh (- lDñ m%;sfrdaë oe,a lene,a,

Wmfoia ( wju jYfhka 30 x 30 cm m%udKfha lDñ m%;sfrdaë oe,a lene,a,la iemhsh hq;= h'

30. ksor®Ylh (- filáhrh

- 84 -



m%dfhda.sl m¯CIKh

B - I yd B - II fldgiaj, i|yka m¯CIK i|yd we.hSï ksr®Kdhl yd ,l=Kq °fï mámdáh

B - I fldgi meh 01hs

1' (1) wkaùCIh ilid .ekSu ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(2) idïm, iys; l∞ ieliSu

- l∞ u; idïm,h we;s¯u îshqï mg,hla ielfik m˙†& ^,l=Kq 15hs&

- jeiqï fm;af;ka wdjrKh fldg ksis m˙† wkaùCIh u; ;eîu ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(3) l∞ ks¯CIKh

- ks¯CIKhg iq≥iq m˙† ksjer† j iSreudre ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10hs&

- ksjer† j fldgia y∫kd .ekSu ^,l=Kq 15hs&

- l∞ iei`°u u.ska ks¯CIKh ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(4) wmñY%Kh l< yd fkdl< kshe† fjka lr y∫kd .ekSu ^,l=Kq 20hs&

2. (1) úYsIag .=re;aj l=mamsfha ialkaOh lsrd .ekSu' (M1g) (2) úYsIag .=re;aj l=mamsfhka wvla muK mia oud th lsrd .ekSu' (M2g) (3) mia oud we;s úYsIag .=re;aj l=mamshg c,h oud jdhq nqnqΩ bj;a j hk fia l=mamsh fi,ùu'

(4) úYsIag .=re;aj l=mamsh iïmQr®Kfhka c,h mqrjd flaIsl k<h iys; uQäfhka jeiSu' flaIsl k<h

;=<ska c,h bj;aj hd hq;= h'

(5) áIq lv∞isj,ska f;; ud;a;=lr ialkaOh lsrd .ekSu' (M3g) (6) úYsIag .=re;aj l==mamsfha we;s c,h yd mia kshe†h bj;a lr ms˙is≥ lr .ekSu'

(7) úYsIag .=re;aj l=mamsh iïmQr®Kfhka u wdiQ; c,fhka mqrjd uQäfhka jid f;; ud;a;= lr

ialkaOh lsrd .ekSu' (M4g)

(8) i;H >k;ajh = úh<s mfia ialkaOh

mfia >k øjHj, m˙udj

(9) = (M2 - M1)g

[(M4 - M1) - (M3 - M2)] / ρw

(10) ρw = 1g / cm3 ^.Kkh l< i;H >k;ajh& îEu mshjrlgu ,l=Kq 10 ne.ska ,l=Kq 100hs&

3. (1) f;mdj iq≥iq Wilska ^YsIHhdf.a weia uÜgug& iú ls¯u' ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(2) iajhxlS%h f,j,h ksjer† j f;mdj u; iú ls¯u' ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(3) uÜgï ial=remamq wdOdrfhka WmlrKh uÜgï ls¯u' ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(4) uÜgï hIaáh fl,ska ^ksjer† j& we,a,Su' ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(5) ksjer† j mdGdxl .ekSu' ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(6) mdGdxl fofla fjki fidhd Wfia fjki .Kkh ls¯u' ^,l=Kq 20hs&

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4. (a) pH ógr m¯CIK i|yd iq∞kï ls¯u'

- ksjer† j f,i ødjK fhd∞ .ksñka l%udxlkh ls¯u ^,l=Kq 15hs&

- pH bf,lafg%dav ksjer† j Ndú; ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(b) úoHq;a ;=,dj Y=kHh ,ndf.k ñkqï i|yd iq∞kï ls¯u' ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(c) pH ógrh Ndú;fhka idïm,fha pH w.h uekSu' ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(d) >k;aj l=mams Ndú;fhka >k;ajh fiùu'

- ksjer† whq˙ka nr uekSu ^,l=Kq 10hs&

- ksjer† wkqms<sfj<ska >k;ajh ksr®Kh ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(e) pH w.h yd >k;ajh weiqfrka kejqï ls˙ idïm,h ksr®Kh ls¯u' ^,l=Kq 15hs&

5. pH yd EC ksr®Kh ls¯u

(A) pH w.h ksr®Kh ls¯u

1. pH ógrh wxlfYdaOkh ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10hs&

2. WmlrKh m˙yrKh ^,l=Kq 10hs&

3. ødjK ;=fka mdGdxl .ekSu ^,l=Kq 15hs&

4. mdGdxlj, ksjer† nj ^,l=Kq 15hs&

(B) EC w.h kSr®Kh ls¯u

1. EC ógrh Ndú;h ^,l=Kq 10hs&

2. ksjer† j mdGdxl ,nd .ekSu ^,l=Kq 10hs&

3. c, frdams; j.dj i|yd iq≥iq ødjKh f;a¯u ^,l=Kq 15hs&

4. fya;= b†˙m;a ls¯u ^,l=Kq 15hs&

B - 2 fldgi

6. (1) ksIamdokhg wuqøjH iq∞kï ls¯u

- fuys° my; ksjer† ms<sfj< w;HjYH fõ'

- f;a¯u" 07 fia°u" 07 fmd;= bj;a ls¯u 07

- l=vd fldgiaj,g lemSu 07

- hqI ksiaidrKh 07 ^,l=Kq 35hs&

(2) m,;=re hqIj, brix w.h brix ógrh wdY%fhka ,nd .ekSu ^,l=Kq 50hs&

(3) by; m¯CIKh i|yd ksis m˙† ms˙is≥ WmlrK Ndú;h ^,l=Kq 15hs&

7. (1) ° we;s Ydl m;% isyska j lmk ,E,a, u; ;nd lmd .ekSu ^,l=Kq 35hs&

(2) ,Sgr® 01 ma,dial=jg .%Eï 50la by; oud wdiQ; c,h 700 ml la tla ls¯u ^,l=Kq 15hs&

(3) my; m˙† wegjqu ieliSu

ma,dial=j ú≥,s ,sm u; wdOdrlhla u.ska /oùu

ma,dial=j u; lkafvkairh wdOdrlhla u.ska /oùu

;f,a tla/ia jk Ndckh w∞< ia:dkfha ;eîu

c, iemhqï ls%hd;aul ls¯u

w∞< m˙† ;dmh ,nd °u ^,l=Kq 50hs&

- 86 -


8. (1) kemaiela †hr biskfha fmdïmfha fldgia m<uq j tl,ia ls¯u' ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(2) fojkqj mSvk l=àrh ^Pressure tank& tl<ia ls¯u' ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(3) tl,ia lrk ,o fmdïmh gexlshg iú ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(4) Hose iy lance iú lr thg nozzel iú ls¯u' ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(5) c,h mqrjd fmdïm lr ldka≥ ;sfí ±hs m¯CId ls¯u' ^,l=Kq 20hs&

9. w;= ne°u

(1) n≥ka .; l< Ydlh f;dard .ekSu ^,l=Kq 05hs&

(2) wfkl=;a øjH f;dard .ekSu ^,l=Kq 05hs&

(3) f;dard .;a Ydlfha iq≥iq w;a;la f;dard tys fmd;= j<,a, bj;a ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(4) udOHh ieliSu ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(5) fmd;= j<,a, u; ilid .;a udOHh ;eîu ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(6) fmd,s;skaj,ska wdjrKh ls¯u ^,l=Kq 05hs&

(7) ksis m˙† fj<d .eg .eiSu ^,l=Kq 05hs&

noaO ls¯u

(1) ksjer† j .%dylh f;dard .ekSu ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(2) ksjer† j wkqch f;dard .ekSu ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(3) ksis WmlrK fhd∞ .ksñka .%dylh yd wkqch ksjer† j lemSu ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(4) .%dylhg wkqch ksjer† j iïnkaO ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(5) ksjer† j fj<Su ^,l=Kq 10hs&

10. (1) wuqøjH f;dard .ekSu ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(2) frdamK øjHh ilia ls¯u ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(3) n∫ka .; ñY%Kh ilia ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(4) ksjer† ms<sfj<g n∫ka msrùu ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(5) frdamK øjHh isgqùu ^,l=Kq 20hs&

(6) c,h fh°u ^,l=Kq 10hs&

(7) WmlrK ksjer† Ndú;h ^,l=Kq 10hs&

67 - ;dCIKfõoh i|yd úoHdj


- 87 -

67 - ;dlaIKfõoh iòyd úoHdj

m%Yak m;% jHQyh

˚ m;%h - ld,h meh 02 hs'

jrK 05 ne.ska jQ nyqjrK m%Yak 50ls' m%Yak ish,a,gu ms<s;==re iemhsh hq;=h'

tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq 02 ne.ska uqΩ ,l=Kq 100ls'

úIh fCIa;% wkqj m%Yak fn° hk wdldrh (

÷ „j úoHdj - m%Yak 04

÷ ridhk úoHdj - m%Yak 13

÷ .◊;h - m%Yak 10

÷ ICT - m%Yak 10

÷ fN!;sl úoHdj - m%Yak 13

˚˚ m;%h - ld,h meh 03 hs'

fuu m%Yak m;%h A, B, C yd D jYfhka fldgia y;rlska iukaú; h'

A fldgi

jHqy.; rpkd jr®.fha m%Yak y;rls' m%Yak ish,a,g u ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;=h'

tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq 100 ne.ska ,l=Kq 400ls'

úIh fCIa;% wkqj m%Yak fn° hk wdldrh (

1 jk m%Yakh - „j úoHdj yd ridhk úoHdj

2 jk m%Yakh - ridhk úoHdj

3 jk m%Yakh - fN!;sl úoHdj

4 jk m%Yakh - fN!;sl úoHdj

B, C yd D fldgia

rpkd jr®.fha m%Yak fol ne.ska m%Yak yhls' tla fldgilska wju jYfhka tla m%Yakh

ne.ska f;dardf.k m%Yak y;rlg ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;=h' tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq 150

ne.ska ,l=Kq 600ls'

fldgia wkqj úIh fCIa;% fn° hk wdldrh (

B fldgi - .◊;h

C fldgi - ridhk úoHdj

D fldgi - fN!;sl úoHdj

˚˚ m;%h i|yd uqΩ ,l=Kq = 1000 fi 10 = 100

wjidk ,l=K .Kkh ls¯u = ˚ m;%h = 100 ˚˚ m;%h = 100 wjidk ,l=K = 200 fi 2 = 100


- 88 -

67 - ;dlaIKfõoh i|yd úoHdj

˚ m;%h

ie,lsh hq;=hs (

* ishÆ u m%Yak i|yd ms<s;=re imhkak'

* ksjer† fyda jvd;a .e<fmk fyda ms<s;=r f;darkak' ^úNd.fha ° ms<s;=re iemhSu i|yd nyqjrK

lv∞ishla imhkq ,efí'&

.=re;ajc ;ajrKh = 10 m s-2 c,fha >k;ajh = 1000 kg m-3

1' †,Srj, ffi, ì;a;sh iE† we;s m%Odk ix>glh jkqfha"

^1& fi,shqf,daia h' ^2& lhsàka h'

3& .a,hsfldcka h' ^4& fmmaáfvd.a,hslEka h'

^5& .a,hsfldfm%daàka h'

2' „úka w;r jeäu jr®Ok yd m%ckk fõ.hla ±lsh yelafla nelaà˙hdjkaf.ah' Tjqkaf.a YS>% jr®Okhg

iy m%ckkhg fya;=j jvd;a fyd¢ka meye†,s lrk m%ldYh l=ula o@

^1& ffi, ma,diau mg,h jr◊h lD;Hhla bgqls¯u

^2& m%udKfhka l=vdùu ksid ffcjf.da,fha ieu ;eku me;s¯u

^3& ffi,sh m˙udjg idfmaCIj ffi,Sh u;=msg fCIa;%M,h wêl ùu

4& CIqø jd;ldñka ksid ldfndayhsâfr®g oykh wju uÜgul mej;Su

^5& ffi, ì;a;sfha fmmaáfvda.a,hslEka ixhq;sh 10] ksid myiqfjka oaúlKavkh ùu

3' nelaà˙hdjkaf.a Yajik úúO;ajh wkqj ldKav y;rls' fuu ldKav w;=˙ka" wksjdr®h ksr®jdhq nelaà˙hd

Wmfhda.S lr.kakd ffcj ;dCIK l%ufõohla jkqfhaa"

^1& ffcj m%;spl%SlrKfha° úI iys; ldnksl øjH úfhdackh ls¯uhs'

^2& ldnksl wmøjH úfhdackh ls¯fuka fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr ksmoùuhs'

3& ldnksl wmøjH úfhdackh ls¯fuka „jjdhqj ksmoùuhs'

^4& iSks ksIamdokfha w;=reM,hla jk fud,Eiia Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka .aÆgñla wï,h ksIamdokh ls uhs'

^5& iSks ksIamdokfha w;=reM,hla jk fud,Eiia Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka uoHidr ksIamdokh ls¯uhs'

4' wmc,h ms˙hï ls¯fï uQ,sl mshjr lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

Â) m%d:ñl ms˙hï ls¯u ^B) oaù;shsl ms˙hï ls¯u

^C) úIîc kdYkh ^D) ksr®jdhq frdkafndr „r®Kh

by; mshjr w;=˙ka laIqø„úkaf.a ls%hdld˙;ajh fhd∞ .efkk mshjr jkafka"

^1& Â) yd ^B) h' ^2& Â) yd ^C) h' ^3& ^B) yd ^D) h' ^4& ^B) muKs' ^5& ^D) muKs'

5' iajdNdúl nyqwjhúl øjHhla f,i fukau lD;%suj ksIamdokh l< nyqwjhúl øjHhla f,i o yuqjkqfha

my; l=uk nyqwjhúlh o@

^1& fmd,s;Ska ^2& fíla,hsÜ

3& fmd,swhsfidms%ka ^4& fmd,siaghs¯ka

^5& fmd,sjhskhs,a laf,darhsâ

6' jr®;udkfha ° ffcj ãi,a ksmoùu flfrys wjOdkh fhduq ù we;' tys° ksmofjk jeo.;a w;=reM,h

l=ula o@

^1& inka ^2& fu;fkda,a

3& fu;s,a tiagr ^4& .a,sifrda,a

^5& fudfkd.a,sirhsv

7' my; ° we;s m%;sls%hd w;=˙ka úYd,;u YS>%;d ksh;h iys; m%;sls%hdj l=ula o@

^1& vhskuhsÜ msms¯u ^2& hlv u<lEu

^3& lv∞is ms<siaiSu ^4& KI yuqfõ H2O2 úfhdackh ùu

^5& wdï,sl KMnO4 iu. Na2C2O4 m%;sls%hd ls¯u


- 89 -

8' CaCO3 >kh iu. weisála wï,h is≥lrk m%;sls%hdfõ° CaCO3 CIhùfï YS>%;dj ñks;a;= 10 la ;=<°

m¯laIKd;aulj ksr®Kh lrk ,°' fuu ñks;a;= 10 ;=< YS>%;dj R úh' fojk ñks;a;=j ;=<° m%;sls%hd

YS>%;dj r1 o 9 jk ñks;a;=j ;=<° m%;sls%hd YS>%;dj r2 o fõ' R, r1 yd r2 hk m%;sls%hd YS>%;d w.hka w;r

ksjer† iïnkaOh l=ula o@

^1& R > r1 > r2 ^2& R = r1 = r2 ^3& r2 < R < r1 ^4& R > r1 = r2

^5& r2 > r1 = R

9' iq<x mqrjk ,o áhqnhla iQr®h úlsrKhg ksrdjrKh fldg we;s wjia:djla i,lkak' fuu áhqnh ndysr

m˙irfhka 415 J Yla;s m%udKhla ,nd .ksñka m%idrKh úh' áhqnfha m%idrKh u.ska ndysr m˙irh u;

278 J ldr®hh m%udKhla is≥lrkq ,efí' iq<x mqrjk ,o áhqnh moaO;shla f,i i,lk úg fuys° tu

moaO;sfha is≥jk wNHka;r Yla;s fjki fldmuK o@

^1& + 415 J ^2& - 137 J ^3& + 793 J ^4& + 137 J ^5& - 278 J

10' m%d:ñl m˙jD;a;c hkq cSúhl=f.a meje;aug" jr®Okhg úlikhg yd m%ckkhg iDcqju iïnkaO jk

iajNdj ksIamdok fõ' m%d:ñl m˙jD;a;cj,g wh;a fkdjk ldnksl ixfhda. l=,lh jkqfha"

^1& ldfndayhsâfr®g h' ^2& fm%daàk h' ^3& úgñka h' ^4& ,smsv h' ^5& ksfldàka h'

11' iskue,aäyhsâ l=re∫ f;,aj, wvx.= jk m%Odk oaú;shsl m˙jD;a;chla fõ' l=re∫ f;,aj,ska iskue,aäyhsâ

fjka lr .ekSug jvd;a WÑ; l%u Ys,amh l=ula o@

^1& W!r®èjmd;kh ^2& bá Ndú; fldg f;rmSu ^3& mqkiaMálSlrKh

^4& yqud, wdijkh ^5& jr®Kf,aL Ys,amh

12' ixfhda. fjka lr y∫kd .ekSu i|yd ;=kS ia;r jr®K f,aL Ys,amh Ndú; ls¯fï ° mokï fr®Ldj (AB) iy ødjl ñY%K uÜÜu (CD) mej;sh hq;= wdldrh jvd;a ksjer†j ±lafjk rEm igyk l=ula o@

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..... .. . .... ... ............ ... .. .....

.. .. ..... .. . .

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..

..

. ... .... ....

.. .

.. ... ..... ...... ....... . ... .....

..... .. . .... ... ............ ... .. .....

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... . ... .....

. ....... . ... .......... . ........ . . ... .. .

A B

C

• •

D

(1)

A BC D

(2)

A BC D

(3)

• •

• •

• •.

...

..

..

. ... .... ....

.. .

.. ... ..... ...... ....... . ... .....

..... .. . .... ... ............ ... .. .....

.. .. ..... .. . .

...

..

..

. ... .... ....

.. .

.. ... ..... ...... ....... . ... .....

..... .. . .... ... ............ ... .. .....

.. .. ..... .. .

..

...

...

. ... .... ....

.. .

.. ... ..... ...... ....... . ... .....

..... .. . .... ... ............ ... .. .....

.. .. ..... .. .

..

..... ... .. ..

. . .. .. ...... ....... . ... .....

..... .. . ... ........ .. .. ... .. .. .

A BC D

(4)

C

A

D

B

(5)

• •

13' lD;%su T!IO ixYaf,aIKh ms<sn| my; m%ldY i,lkak'

Â& T!IO ixYaf,aIKh myiq iy wdr®:sl jYfhka jdis∞hl úh hq;= h'

^B& T!IOfha fN!;sl wjia:dj ^Physical State& >k úh hq;= h'

^C& T!Iëh .=K Êfficacy& iy T!IOfha n,h ^Power& Wm˙u úh hq;= h'

^D& T!IOfha w;=re n,mEï wju úh hq;=hs'

by; m%ldY w;=˙ka lD;%su T!IO ixYaf,aIKfha° ie,lsh hq;= jkafka"

^1& Â), (B) yd ^C) h' ^2& Â), (B) yd ^D) h'

^3& Â), (C) yd ^D) h' ^4& ^B), (C) yd ^D) h'

^5& (A), (B), (C) yd ^D) hk ish,a,uh'


- 90 -

14' isiqfjl= úiska wdydr kshe†hla i|yd is≥lrk ,o m¯CIK" w∞< ks¯CIK yd ks.uk my; j.=fõ olajd

we;'

m¯CIdj ks¯CIKh ks.ukh

(A) fnkälaÜ ^Benedict) ødjKh

oud r;a lrk ,°'

ks,a meyeh .fvd,a r;=

meyehg m;aúh'

ir, iSks wvx.= fõ'

(B) nhshqfr®Ü ^Biurette) ødjKh

tl;= lrk ,°'

ks,a oï meyehla

,nd≥ks'

,smsv wvx.= fõ'

(C) iqveka ^Sudan) ødjKh oud

ñY% lrk ,°'

r;= f.da,sld olakg

fkd,eìKs'

fm%daàk wvx.= fkdfõ'

by; ks.uk w;=˙ka i;H jkafka"

^1& Â) mu◊' ^2& (B) mu◊' ^3& (C) mu◊'

^4& (A) yd (B) mu◊' ^5& (B) yd (C) mu◊'

15' my; Ndú; w;=frka iqms˙is≥ ksIamdok (Cleaner Production) ixl,amhg w∞< fkdjkafka"

^1& idudkH jdyk fjkqjg fouqyqï jdyk Ndú; ls¯uhs'

^2& fldyq ,Kq ksIamdokfha° bj;,k fldyqn;a bkaOk fjkqjg Ndú; ls¯uhs'

^3& fr† ksIamdok ls%hdj,sfha° ksmofjk wm c,h ksisf,i ms˙hï lr m˙irhg uq∞ye¯uhs'

^4& kej; wdfrdamKh lr Ndú; l< yels ksl,a Ni& - leäñhsï (Cd) neg˙ fjkqjg ,s;shï whk neg˙

Ndú; ls¯uhs'

^5& isis,a îu jr®. weiqreï ls¯u i|yd jrla Ndú;fhka bj;,k ma,diaála fnda;, fjkqjg kej;

kej; Ndú; l< yels ù≥re fnda;, Ndú;hhs'

16' my; ixisoaê i,lkak'

Â& mD:ßúfha O%ejdYs%; m%foaYj, we;s whsia ;Ügqj, >klu wvqùu

^B& jvd;a m%n, fgdakdfvda iq,sl=Kdgq ks;r ks;r we;sùu

^C& wï, jeis we;sùu

by; ixisoaêj,ska mD:ßú foaY.=Kh fjkiaùu ms<sn| ixisoaêh$ixisoaê jkqfha"

^1& (A) muKss' ^2& (B) muKs' ^3& (C) muKs'

^4& (A) yd (B) muKs' ^5& (A), (B) yd (C) ish,a,uh'

17' iajNdúl pl% iïnkaOj my; m%ldYk i,lkak'

Â& ldr®ñl l%u u.ska wefudakshd ksmoùu" khsg%cka pl%fha iu;=,s;;dj flfrys n,mEï is≥lrhs'

^B& mD:ßú WKqiqu by<hdu ldnka pl%fha iu;=,s;;djg n,mEï is≥ùfï m%;sM,hls'

^C& wï, jeis we;sùu Tlaiscka pl%fha iu;=,s;djg n,mEï is≥ùfï m%;sM,hls'

by; m%ldY w;=˙ka i;H jkqfha"

^1& (A) muKs' ^2& (A) yd (B) muKs' ^3& (A) yd (C) muKs'

^4& (B) yd (C) muKs' ^5& (A), (B) yd (C) ish,a,uh'

18' ldr®ñlfhla úiska kj ksr®udKhla ;ekSu i|yd me;a;l †. 10 cm jQ iup;=ri% me;,s ;yvqjlska my;

rEmfha ±lafjk wdldrhg w∫re lr we;s fldgia bj;a lf<ah'

4 cm

4 cm

4 cm

A

B

CF D

E

4 cm

b;s˙ ;yvq fldgfia jr®.M,h fldmuK o@

^1& 40 cm2 ^2& 50 cm2 ^3& 60 cm2 ^4& 70 cm2 ^5& 80 cm2


- 91 -

19' me;a;l †. 1 cm la jk l=vd >kl 27lska me;a;l †. 3 cmla jk >klhla id∞ we;' úYd, >klfha

uqÆj, we;s l=vd >kl 8 bj;a l< úg iEfok >k jia;=fõ mDIaG jr®.M,h fldmuK o@

^1& 19 cm2 ^2& 27 cm2 ^3& 46 cm2 ^4& 50 cm2 ^5& 54 cm2

20' †. iy m<, ms<sfj<ska 20 m iy 15 m jk iDcqfldaKdi% f.dvke.s,a,l w;a;sjdrï lemSu i|yd ,Kq weo

we;' úlr®Kj, †. m¯CId ls¯fuka ksjer†;dj ;yjqre lr .kakd ,o kï úlr®Khl †. úh hq;af;a"

^1& 22 m ^2& 23 m ^3& 24 m ^4& 25 m ^5& 26 m

hA

B

45°30°

10 m

21' rEmfha m˙† 10 m la Wi f.dvke.s,a,l A uq≥fkys isg ks¯CIKh l< úg

h Wi isria l=Ωkl uq≥k fmfkk wdfrdayK fldaKh 45˚ o tys mduq, fmfkk

wjfrdayK fldaKh 30˚ o kï l=Ωfka Wi h jkqfha"

^1& 2 m ^2& 10 3 m ^3& 20 m

^4& 10 ^1 › 3 & m ^5& 30 m

22' f,day wdia;rhlska mqkS,hl n| flgi id∞ we;af;a rEmfha ±lafjk udk iys; jD;a; flakaøsl LKavhlska

ABCD fldgi Ndú; ls fuks' fuu mqkS,fha nf|ys msg; mDIaGfhys jr®.M,h fldmuK o@

8 cm 8 cm

2 cm

D A

B

O θ

C

cm 5π 2

^1& 10 π cm2

^2& 12 π cm2

^3& 24 π cm2

^4& 28 π cm2

^5& 30 π cm2

23' rEmfha ±lafjkafka WIaK;aj udkhla l%udxlkh ls¯u i|yd is≥lrk ,o m¯CIKhl mdGdxlj,g wkqj w¢k

,o m%ia;drhls' WIaK;ajh x wCIfhys o ri†h lf|a Wi y wCIfhys o ksrEmKh lr we;'

0

h0

h100

100°WIaK;ajh/ ˚C

ri†h l

f|a W

i/m

m

y

x

WIaK;ajh 0˚ C ° ri†h lf|a Wi homm o WIaK;ajh 100˚ C ° ri†h lf|a Wi h100mm o

fõ' fuu m%ia;drfha iólrKh jkqfha"

^1& h0 100

y = x + ho

^2& h100 100

y = x + h100

^3& h100+ho

100y = x + h0

^4& h100 -ho

100y = x + h0

^5& h100 -h0

100y = x + h100


- 92 -

D

2 m

E

C

A

B

2 m3

2 m324' ;sria fmd<j u; isria lKq folla wdOdrfhka ABC iDcqflda◊ ;s%fldaKdldr oekaùï

mqjrej isriaj r|jd we;' AC = BC = 2 m3 iy AE lKqfõ Wi 2 m fõ' CD lKqfõ

Wi jkafka"

^1& 3 m

^2& 4 m

^3& 5 m

^4& 6 2 m

^5& 8 2 m

25' my; ±lafjk Ok ksÅ, jHdma;sh i,lkak'

4, 5, 9, 8, 7, 6, 4, 5, x, y fuu jHdma;sfha ud;h 4 fõ kï x + y ys wju w.h jkqfha"

^1& 4 ^2& 5 ^3& 6 ^4& 7 ^5& 8

26' fuys olajd we;af;a isiqka 40la isák mka;shl ,l=Kq 100ka we.ehQ m%Yak m;%hlg ,nd.;a ,l=Kq i|yd

we¢ iuqÉÑ; ixLHd; m%ia;drhls'

20

10

20

30

40

0 40 60 80 100,l=Kq

isiqk

a ixL

Hdj

fuys by< idOkh olajk isiqka 25] fjka lrk ,l=K l=ula o@

^1& 30 ^2& 40 ^3& 53 ^4& 60 ^5& 70

8 m

4 mO

C

A

B27' ;sria fmd<j u; isria ì;a;shlg fya;a;= jkfia b◊uÛla wdk;j ;nd we;'

ì;a;sfha mduq, isg 4 mla ≥˙ka fmd<j u; b◊uÛ ;nd we;af;a ì;a;sh

u; 8 ml Wil .Efjk m˙† h' b◊uÛ ,siaiSu j<ld,Su i|yd b◊uÛg

,ïnj .eg.ik ,o ,Kqjl wdOdrfhka b◊uÛ ia:djrj we;' ì;a;sfhys

uq,af,a isg b◊ufÛys .eg .eiQ ,CIHhg we;s ≥r jkqfha"

^1& 5 8

m ^2& 1 2

m ^3& 8 5

m

^4& 2 m ^5& 4 m

28' my; ±lafjk m˙.Kl uD≥ldx. i,ld n,kak'

Â& Ms Excel ^B& Windows 7 ^C& Netscape ^D& Linux by; uD≥ldx. w;=frka fufyhqï moaO;s Ôperating System& jkafka"

^1& (A) yd (B) muKs' ^2& (B) yd (C) muKs' ^3& (C) yd (D) muKs'

^4& (A) yd (C) muKs' ^5& (B) yd (D) muKs'


- 93 -

29' fh≥ï uD≥ldx. u.ska imhd we;s my; ±lafjk myiqlï i,lkak'

Â& mdGj, wl=re yevh ^Font Styles& fjkia ls¯u

^B& úúO wdldrhg mdG tfl,a, ls¯u

^C& úúO .◊; lr®u Wmfhda.S lr o;a; úYaf,aIKh ls¯u

^D& mdG i„jk Ânimations& we;=<;a ls¯u

by; myiqlï w;=frka joka ieliqï uD≥ldx.hl idudkHfhka ±lsh fkdyelafla"

^1& (A) yd (B) muKs' ^2& (C) yd (D) muKs' ^3& (A) yd (C) muKs'

^4& (B) yd (D) muKs' ^5& (A) yd (D) muKs'

30' †.= ,smshla m˙.Kl ;srfha tyd fuyd lrñka n,d .ekSu i|yd Ndú; lrkqfha"

^1& ud;Dld ;Srej ^Title Bar& h' ^2& fukq ;Srej ^Menu Bar& h'

^3& wkqp,k ;Srej ^Scroll Bar& h' ^4& ;;a;aj ;Srej ^Status Bar& h'

^5& flda≥j ^Ruler& h'

31' my; rEmfha oelafjkafka joka ieliqï uD≥ldx.hl ;srfha flda≥j ^Ruler& ±lafjk jïmi fldgils'

fuys yevfhka ksrEmKh jkafka l=ula o@

^1& jï mig tfl,a, ls¯u ^Left Align& ^2& ol=Kq mig tfl,a, ls¯u ^Right Align& ^3& oYu ;s;g tfl,a, ls¯u ^Decimal Tab& ^4& whslkh ol=Kqmi we;s wkq,CIKh uld ±óu

^5& whslkh jïmi we;s wkq,CIKh uld ±óu

32' me;=reï m;a uD≥ldx.hl C10 fldaIfha ^cell& we;s ixLHdfjys 30] w.h D10 fldaIfha i|yka ls¯u i|yd

D10 fldaIhg we;=Ω l< hq;= Y%s;h l=ula o@

^1& #C10*30/100 ^2& =C10*30/100 ^3& =C10*100/30

^4& #C10*100/30 ^5& C10*30/100

33' me;=reï m;a uD≥ldx.hl C5 fldaIfha ^cell& = $A$1*B5 hk m%ldYh wka;r®.;j we;ehs i,lkak' fuu

m%ldYh C6 fldaIhg msgm;a l< úg C6 fldaIfha wka;r®.; m%ldYh jkafka"

^1& =$A$1*B6 ^2& =A1*B6 ^3& =$A$1*B5

^4& =$A$1*C6 ^5& =A1*B5

34' my; olajd we;s wd∞k-m%;s∞k înput-output& Wml%u i,ld n,kak'

Â& uQislh ^Mouse& ^B& wxls; h;=re mqjrej ^Numeric Key pad& ^C& ixor®Yk ;srh ^Display Panel& ^D& uqøK hka;%h ^Printer& Ê& maf,dgrh ^Plotter& by; Wml%uj,ska nexl=jl iajxlS%h fÜ,r® hka;%hl ÂTM& wvx.= jkafka by; Wml%uj,ska

^1& (A) yd (B) muKs' ^2& (B) yd (D) muKs' ^3& (A) yd (C) muKs'

^4& ^B), (C) yd (D) muKs' ^5& (A), (C) yd (E) muKs'

35' fmfr®rd úiska lu,a fj; hejQ úoHq;a ;eme,a ,smsfha Ê-mail& ldnka msgm;a ^CC& iqks,a yd rdjq,a fj;

o fkdfmfkk ldnka msgm; ^BCC& rù fj; fhduq lr we;' fuu fhduqj ms<sn| my; i|yka m%ldY

i,ld n,kak'

Â& iqks,ag msgm;la hjd we;s nj lu,ag ±k.; yelsh'

^B& rdjq,ag msgm;la hjd we;s nj lu,ag ±k.; yelsh'

^C& lsisjl=g msgm;a hjd we;s nj rùg ±k.; fkdyelsh'

^D& fmfr®rdf.ka ,smshla ,eî we;s nj rùg fkdfmfka'

by; m%ldYj,ska i;H jkafka"

^1& Â) yd ^B) muKs' ^2& ^B) yd ^C) muKs' ^3& Â) yd ^C) muKs'

^4& ^B) yd ^D) muKs' ^5& Â) yd ^D) muKs'


- 94 -

36' wka;r®cd,h Înternet& yd fjí ^Web& ms<sn| my; m%ldY i,ld n,kak'

Â& wka;r®cd,h hkq fjí ^Web& i|yd Ndú; lrk ;j;a jpkhls'

^B& fjí ^Web& hkq wêikaOdk ^Hyperlinks& u.ska msúish yels wka;r®cd,fha we;s iïm;a rdYshl

tl;=jls'

^C& wka;r®cd,h hkq wêikaOdk ^Hyperlinks& u.ska msúish yels fjí ^Web& ys jQ iïm;a rdYshl

tl;=jls'

^D& wka;r®cd,h hkq m˙.Kl cd, iuQyhl tl;=jlska ie≥ï,;a cd,hls'

by; m%ldYkhkaf.ka ksjer† m%ldY jkafka

^1& Â) yd ^B) muKs' ^2& ^B) yd ^D) muKs' ^3& Â) yd ^C) muKs'

^4& ^B) yd ^C) muKs' ^5& ^C) yd ^D) muKs'

37' Tnf.a iur®mkhl ^Presentation& uq,a msgqjg tlajr hdu i|yd Ndú; lrk flá u. jkafka ^Short cut& ^1& B<Û msgqj h;=r ^Next Page& Ndú; ls¯uhs'

^2& by< msgqj ^Page Up& Ndú; ls¯uhs'

^3& CTRL + Home h;=re Ndú; ls¯uhs'

^4& Ctrl + End h;=re Ndú; ls¯uhs'

^5& Ctrl + Page Down h;=re Ndú; ls¯uhs'

38' flda◊l m%fõ.fha SI tallh l=ula o@

^1& m s-1 ^2& rad s-1 ^3& rad ^4& m s-2 ^5& rad s-2

39' †. L jQ is,skavrdldr ;U oKavl m%;sfrdaOh R fõ' tu oKav Ndú; lr †. 2L jQ is,skavrdldr oKavla

id∞.kq ,efí' †. 2L jQ oKafâ úoHq;a m%;sfrdaOh fldmuK o@

^1& 4 R ^2& 2 R ^3& R ^4& 1/2 R ^5& 1/4 R

40' my; ±lafjk úoHq;a m%;sfrdaO cd,fha AB w;r iul m%;sfrdaOh l=ula o@

A

B

7 Ω

2 Ω

2 Ω

2 Ω

2 Ω

2 Ω

2 Ω

6 Ω 2 Ω

^1& 2 Ω ^2& 6 Ω ^3& 7 Ω ^4& 7.5 Ω ^5& 8.5 Ω

41' f,dayhl fr®Çh m%idrK;dj 1.2 × 10-5 °C-1 fõ' tys mDIaGßh m%idrK;dj β iy m˙ud m%idrK;dj γ i|yd

ksjer† w.h ±lafjk m%ldYh l=ula o@

^1& β = 1.2 × 10-5 °C-1 iy γ = 2.4 × 10-5 °C-1 ^2& β = 2.4 × 10-5 °C-1 iy γ = 4.8 × 10-5 °C-1

^3& β = 1.2 × 10-5 °C-1 iy γ = 3.6 × 10-5 °C-1 ^4& β = 2.4 × 10-5 °C-1 iy γ = 3.6 × 10-5 °C-1

^5& β = 2.4 × 10-5 °C-1 iy γ = 2.4 × 10-5 °C-1

42' n∫kl 20 ˚C ys mj;sk hï c, m%udKhla we;' c,fha úYsIag ;dm Od˙;dj 4200 J kg-1 K-1 o c,fha

jdIamSlrKfha úYsIag .=ma; ;dmh 2260 kJ kg-1o fõ' fuu c, m%udKfha WIaK;ajh 100 ˚C olajd by<

kexùug jehjk ;dm m%udKh;a" 100 ˚C WIaK;ajfhys mj;sk tu c, m%udKh iïmQr®Kfhkau jdIam

ls¯ug wjYH ;dm m%udKh;a" w;r wkqmd;h l=ula o@

^1& 2100 : 2260 ^2& 4200 x 80 : 2260 ^3& 4200 x 80 : 2260 x 1000 ^4& 4200 : 2260 x 1000 ^5& 80 : 2260 x 1000


- 95 -

43' my; rEm u.ska ±lafjkafka ir®jiu ialkaO iys; mska;+r 5la ;ka;= yd weK wdOdrfhka ì;a;sfha t,ajd

we;s wdldr fõ' ;ka;=fõ wd;;sh wvqu jk ieleiau ±lafjk rEm igyk l=ulao@

• • • ••• ••

^1& ^2& ^3& ^4& ^5&

44'

rEmfha ±lafjk is,skavrdldr ,S l=Üáh" ms˙is≥ c,fha fldgila .s,S bmsf,hs' ,S

l=Üáfha Wfika 3$4la c,h ;=< .s,S mj;S kï ,Sj, idfmaCI >k;ajh fldmuK o@

^1& 0'75 ^2& 1'33 ^3& 7'5

^4& 750 ^5& 1333'3

45' c, gexlshl m;=f,a we;s iaúÉphla iajhxlS%hj ls%hdúrys; ùug 20000 N m-2 mSvkhla c,h u.ska iaúÉph

u; we;s l< hq;=h' ta i|yd iaúÉph msysá uÜgfï isg c,h msrúh hq;= wju Wi fldmuK o@

^1& 0.02 m ^2& 0.2 m ^3& 2 m ^4& 6.4 m ^5& 20 m

46' 10% Yla;s ydkshla iys; f∞Ulrhla u.ska 100 kg ialkaOhla we;s hlv l=Üáhla 13.5 m Wilg isriaj

tiùfï° f∞Ulrh u.ska jeh lrk ,o Yla;sh fldmuK o@

^1& 150 N m ^2& 1500 N m ^3& 13500 N m ^4& 15000 N m ^5& 16500 N m

47' msyshd uqjy;a ;nk .,l wjia:ß;s >Qr®Kh 2 kg m2 fõ' th u; iamr®Y lrk msyshla u.ska .f,ys N%uKhg

tfrysj 1 N m jHdjr®;hla we;s lrhs kï ., u; we;s lrk flda◊l ukaokh fldmuKo@'

^1& 0.05 rad s-2 ^2& 0.5 rad s-2 ^3& 1 rad s-2 ^4& 1.05 rad s-2 ^5& 2.00 rad s-2

48'

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

×

B

A

rEmfha ±lafjkafka ú≥,s iemhqula iys; ikakdhl mS,s folla u; ;nd we;s 24 cm †. AB ikakdhl

oKavlss' by; wegjqu ;nd we;s ;,hg ,ïnj ;,h ;=<g we;s pqïnl fCIa;%fha i%dj >k;ajh 0.5 T jk

w;r oKav ;=<ska .,k Odrdj 4 A fõ' oKav u; we;sjk n,fha úYd,;ajh;a" †Ydj;a ksjer†j ±lafjk

jrKh l=ula o@

^1& 0.48 N, jï mig ^2& 0.48 N, ol=Kq mig ^3& 4.8 N, jï mig

^4& 4.8 N, ol=Kq mig ^5& 48 N, ol=Kq mig


- 96 -

49'

600g

rnr® máhl 600 g Ndrhla t,a,d we;súg tys ú;;sh 4 cm fõ' rnr® máfha .nvd ù

we;s m%;Hia: úNj Yla;sh jkqfha"

^1& 0.12 J ^2& 0.24 J ^3& 1.2 J ^4& 2.4 J ^5& 24 J

50'

- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -1.25 m

v úis;=re udΩ gexlshlska c,h bj;a ls¯u i|yd ihsmkhla Ndú; lrk wjia:djla rEmfha ±lafõ' ihsmk

k,fha jd;hg újD; fl<jr gexlsfha c, uÜgfuys isg 1.25 m ≥rla my;ska msysghs' újD; fl<j˙ka

c,h ksl=;a jk úg c, myfr® fõ.h ^v) l=ulao@

^1& 2.5 m s-1 ^2& 5 m s-1 ^3& 10 m s-1 ^4& 25 m s-1 ^5& 30 m s-1

* * *


- 97 -

67- ;dCIKfõoh i|yd úoHdj

˚˚ m;%h

ie,lsh hq;=hs (

* A fldgfiA m%Yak ish,a,g u ms<s;=re imhkak'

* B, C iy D hk fldgiaj,ska wju jYfhka tla m%Yakh ne.ska f;dard f.k m%Yak y;rlg ms<s;=re

iemhsh hq;=h'

A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd m%Yak

01' (A) ffcj f.da,fha úúO m˙ir ;;a;ajhkag wkqjr®;kh fjñka „j;ajk CIqø„úka fï jk úg úúO

lr®udka; i|yd úYd, ∞hl;ajhla ,ndfokq ,efí' m%Odk CIqø„ùka ldKavhla jk nelaà˙hdjl

or®YSh jHqyh my; olajd we;'

P

QR

S

T

(i) tu rEm igyfka P isg T olajd kï lrkak'

P '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Q ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' R '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

S '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

T ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) nelaà˙hd rEmSh wdldr wkqj ldKavj,g jr®. l< yelsh' tajd w;˙ka ldKav ;=kl rEmSh wdldrh

we| tu ldKav kï lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 06&

(iii) Tlaiscka flfrys olajk nkaOq;dj wkqj nelaà˙hd m%Odk ldKaav y;rla hgf;a jr®.lrkq ,efí'

tu ldKav y;r my; A j.=fõ olajd we;' ta tla tla ldKavhg ksoiqk ne.ska B j.=fõ i|yka

nelaà˙hd w;=˙ka f;dard A j.=fjys ysia;eka mqrjkak'

j.=j A j.=j B

1

2

3

4

Yajik wdldrh ksoiqk Micobacterium spp

iajdhq Lactobacillus spp

ffjl,ams; ksr®jdhq Staphyllococcus spp

wksjdr®h ksr®jdhq Escherichia coli

CIqøjd;ldó Clostridium spp

^,l=Kq 08&


- 98 -

(iv) m%;sixfhda‚; DNA ;dCIKh Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka mdr ckl „úfhl= ìysls¯u b;d ixlSr®K jqj o

tu ls%hdj,sh m%Odk mshjr y;rlska ±laúh yelsh' tu mshjr fudkjd o@

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 08&

(B) ffcj moaO;sj, mj;sk fmd,sielrhsv folla jHqyh A iy jHqyh B f,i my; olajd we;'

jHqyh A

β-1, 4 .a,hsfldisäla

nkaOkh

O O

O

O H

H

H

H

H

H

H

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

O

O

O

jHqyh B

CH2OH CH2OH

CH2OH CH2OHCH2

O O

O

O

O

O O

O

O

O O

O

H

H H H

H

H

H

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

α-1, 6 .a,hsfldisäla

nkaOkh

α-1, 4 .a,hsfldisäla nkaOkh

by; A yd B jHqy w;=˙ka

i) fi,shqf,daia i|yd ksoiqk jk jHqyh l=ula o@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 02&

ii) msIaGh i|yd ksoiqka jk jHqyh l=ula o@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 02&

iii) by; fmd,sielrhsvj, ;ekqï tallh jkqfha l=uk fudfkdielrhsvh o@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 05&

iv) ixÑ; fmd,sielrhsvhla jk .a,hsfldcka jHqyuh jYfhka iudklï olajkafka A yd B w;=˙ka

l=uk jHqyhg o@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 05&


- 99 -

v) ñksia wdydr „rK moaO;sh ;=< ° fi,shqf,daia „rKhg ,la fkdfõ' thg fya;=j l=ula o@

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 05&

vi) fi,shqf,daiaj, ldr®ñl m%fhdack folla ,shkak'

1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 10&

vii) msIaGh fuda,afgdaia njg ì£u is≥lrkq ,nkafka α- weuhsf,aia tkaihsuh u.sks' α- weuhsf,aia

tkaihsufha ls%hdld¯;ajh fjkia l< yels ;;a;aj ;=kla i|yka lrkak'

1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 15&

viii) tkaihsuj, ldr®ñl Ndú; i|yd ksoiqka ;=kla fokak'

1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 15&

(C) my; ±lafjk ,smsv wKqj ksr®udKh ù we;af;a ix;Dma; fïo wï," wix;Dma; fïo wï, yd

.a,sifrda,a fldgila ixfhdackh ùfuks'

O

O

O X

Y

Z

O

O

O C

C

C

HC

H2C

H2C

]

]

i) by; ,smsv wKqfõ ix;Dma; fïo wï, yd wix;Dma; fïo wï, yd .a,sifrda,a fldgi i|yd w∞<

jk wCIrh ,shkak'

÷ ix;Dma; fïo wï,h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

÷ wix;Dma; fïo wï,h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

÷ .a,sifrda,a fldgi ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 2‹3&

ii) fmd,af;,a iy ud.˙ka w;=˙ka jeämqr ix;Dma; fïo wï, wvx.= jkafka l=ul o@

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^,l=Kq 03&


- 100 -

02. my; rEm igyfka ixCIsma;j ±lafjkafka A3B kï jQ ridhksl ixfhda.h ksIamdokh ls¯fï ldr®ñl

ls%hdj,shhs' A iy B hkq A3B ixfhda.h ksIamdokhg fhd∞ .kakd wuqøjH fõ' ldur WIaK;ajfha ° A hkq >khla jk w;r B hkq øjhls'

øj A (70 ˚C)

øj B (70 ˚C)

m%;sls%hd l=àrh

A3B (80 ˚C)

(i) fuu m%;sls%hd l=àrfha is≥jk Yla;s yd m∞r®: yqjudrej i,lkak'

(a) ta wkqj th l=uk jr®.fha moaO;shla o@

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,l=Kq 05&

(b) m%;sls%hd l=àrfha mDIaGfhka ndysr m˙irhg ;dmh ydks úh yels m%Odk l%uhla i|yka lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,l=Kq 05&

^⁄⁄& m%;sls%hd l=àrfha ° A iy B m%;sls%hd lr A3B ksmofõ' m%;sls%hd l=àrhg 70 ˚C ys mj;sk øj A iy

B we;=Ω lr fyd¢ka ñY% flfrk w;r ndys˙ka ;dmh iemhSula is≥ fkdlrhs' wjidkfha ° A3B m%;sls%hd l=àrfhka bj;g .kakd úg A3B ys WIaK;ajh 80 ˚C muK fõ'

(a) A iy B m%;sls%hd lr A3B ksmoùug w∞< ;=,s; ridhksl iólrKh ,shkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,l=Kq 05&

(b) m%;sls%hd l=àrh ;=< WIaK;ajh by< hdug fya;=j l=ula úh yels o@

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,l=Kq 05&

(c) (i) A m%;sls%hl idkaøKh weiqfrka A CIhùfï YS>%;djh i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) A m%;sls%hl idkaøKh weiqfrka A3B iE°fï YS>%;djh i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(d) øj A iu. jeämqr øj B ñY% lrk ,°' mehlg miqj A j, idkaøK fjki 0.18 mol L-1 úh' fuu

o;a; Ndú; lr A3B iE°u i|yd uOHhkH YS>%;dj .Kkh lrkak'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,l=Kq 10&

(e) m%;sls%hl l=àrh ;=< A3B iEfok YS>%;dj by< ±óu i|yd .; yels ls%hdudr®.hla fhdackd

lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,l=Kq 05&


- 101 -

^⁄⁄⁄& A, B iy A3B ys ødjdxl yd ;dmdxl my; j.=fõ olajd we;' m%;sls%hd l=àrfhka bj;g .kakd

wjia:dfõ A3B ys WIaK;ajh 80 ˚C muK fõ' fufia bj;g .kakd A3B idudkH m˙ir ;;a;aj

hgf;a ldur WIaK;ajhg (30 ˚C) m;aùug bvy˙k ,°'

ixfhda. h ødjdxlh$˚C ;dmdxlh$˚C

A 50 150 B -10 90 A3B 60 300

(a) by; o;a; Ndú; lr A3B i|yd isis,k jl%h w¢kak'

^,l=Kq 15&

(b) A3B >k" øj yd >k-øj f,i mj;sk wjia:d by; isis,k jl%fha igyka lrkak'

,l=Kq 15&

(c) isis,k jl%fha wkql%uKfhka isis,k YS>%;dj ms<sn|" woyila ,ndfoa' ta wkqj >k" øj yd >k-øj

l,dmj,° wkql%uKh Y=kHfõ o@ wvq w.hla .kS o@ jeä w.hla .kS o@ Tfí ks.uk my; j.=fõ

i|yka lrkak'

l,dmh wkql%uKh

>k A3B>k - øj A3B

øj A3B^,l=Kq 15&

03' my; rEmfha ±lafjkqfha >k;ajh fiùug kshñ; f,day lene,a,ls' th ñ,sógr® lsysmhl taldldr

>klula we;s iup;=ri%dldr ;yvqjlska jD;a;dldr is≥rla lmd bj;a lr id∞.;a tlls' tys me;a;l †.

fikaáógr® lsysmhla o >klu ñ,sógr lsysmhla o fõ'

(i) is≥fr® wNHka;r úIalïNh jZkshr® le,smrhla Ndú; lr ukskq ,efí' ta i|yd fhd∞ .efkkafka

jZkshr® le,smrfha l=uk fldgi o@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 05&


- 102 -

(ii) Ndú; lrk jZkshr® le,smrfha ykq tlsfkl iamr®Yj mj;sk wjia:dfõ ° tys m˙udKh msysgk

wdldrh my; rEmfha oelafõ'

(a) fuys oelafjk m˙† jZkshr® le,smrfha uQ,dxl jro fldmuK fõo@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,l=Kq 05&

(b) tu w.h mdGdxlhg tl;= l< hq;= o@ ke;fyd;a wvql< hq;= o@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,l=Kq 05&

(iii) is≥fr® úIalïNh i|yd jZkshr® le,smrh Ndú; lr ,nd.;a mdGdxl ;=kla my; oelafõ'

14.5 mm, 14.3 mm, 14.4 mm

by; mdGdxl iy jZkshr® le,smrfha mj;sk uQ,dxl jro ie,ls,a,g f.k is≥fr® uOHhkH

úIalïNh .Kkh lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(iv) jZkshr® le,smrfhka uek .;a ;yvqfõ >klu 3.2 mm fõ'

(a) ñkqfï Nd.sl f∞aIh .Kkh lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(b) tys m%;sY; f∞aIh .Kkh lrkak'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(v) m%;sY; f∞aIh ie,lSfï° ;yvqfõ >klu uekSug jZkshr® le,smrhg jvd iq≥iq úoHd.dr WmlrKh

l=ula o@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(vi) is≥fr® úIalïNh d o iup;=ri%fha me;a;l os. a o ;yvqfõ >klu t o f,i f.k f,day fldgfia

m˙udj v i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 15&

(vii)(a) f,day lene,af,a >k;ajh fiùu i|yd .; hq;= wfkla ñkqu l=ula o@

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 05&

(b) by; (a) ys i|yka l< ñkqu ,nd.ekSug Ndú; lrkq ,nk WmlrKh l=ula o@

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 05&

(c) by; (b) ys i|yka WmlrKh Ndú; lr ,nd.;a mdGdxlh x f,i f.k f,dayfha >k;ajh

ρ i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&


- 103 -

(viii) by; ñkqï ,nd.ekSu yd .Kkh ksjer† j is≥l< o m¯CIKd;aulj ksr®Kh l< f,day lene,af,a

>K;ajh" tu f,dayfha i;H >k;ajhg jvd wvqúh' fï i|yd fya;= úh yels tla lreKla i|yka

lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

04' ;sria fmdf<dj u; ;sfnk 500 kg ialkaOhla iys; fldkalS%Ü nd,al tiùu i|yd f∞Ulr r:hla fhd∞

.kakd wjia:djla my; rEmfha ±lafõ' f∞Ulr r:fha ialkaOh 20000 kg jk w;r AB ndyqfõ ialkaOh

2000 kg fõ' r:fha iy AB ndyqfõ nr ls%hdlrk ,CIh jk .=re;aj flakaø ms<sfj<ska E iy F f,i

olajd we;'

2.5 m 10 m

A

X

QC_

P R 30˚ 30˚

B

• F

Y

E •

E ,CIh f∞Ulr r:h msgqmi fl<jfrys isg 2.5 m ≥rlska msysgd we;s w;r F ,CIh AB ndyqfõ uOH

,CIhfõ' nr Tijk wjia:dfõ° r:fha frdao fmd<j uÜgfuka by<g Tijd b†˙mi X, X´ iy msgqmi

Y, Y´ f,i kï lr we;s wdOdrl y;rla u; r|jd we;' X´ iy Y´ wdOdrl rEmfha olajd fkdue;'

flan,fha iy fldlafla ialkaOh fkd.sksh yels m%udKfha mj;S' ^.=re;ajc ;ajrKh 10 ms-2 f,i

i,lkak'&

(a) (i) nd,alh u; ls%hdlrk n, ,l=Kq lrkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) rEmfha olajd we;s m˙† tla nd,alhla muKla Tijd ;ndf.k we;s wjia:djl° BC flan,fha

we;sjk wd;;sh fidhkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(iii) PQR flan,fha wd;;sh fldmuKfõo@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 15&

(b) BC flan,fha wd;;sh tla;rd w.hlg jvd jeä jqjfyd;a f∞Ulrh fmr,S hhs'

(i) by; ;;a;ajh hgf;a f∞Ulrh fmr,S hdu is≥jk wCIh kï lrkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) f∞Ulrh fmr<S fkdhdu i|yd BC flan,hg oe˙h yels Wm˙u wd;;sh fidhkak'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 15&


- 104 -

(iii) f∞Ulrh fkdfmr<S tiúh yels Wm˙u nd,al ixLHdj fldmuKo@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(iv) by; i|yka lr we;s m˙† wdOdrl y;rla u; r:h mj;ajd .kafka uka±hs úoHd;aulj meye†,s

lrkak'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 05&

(c) fuu f∞Ulr r:h uyd udr®.hla wi, m%md;hlg fmr,S f.dia we;s fudagr® r:hla tiùu i|yd

fhd∞ .ekSug wjYHj we;' fudagr® r:h udr®.fha isg 4 m my<ska mj;sk w;r tys ialkaOh 2000 kg fõ'

(i) fudagr® r:h uyd udr®.h u;g Tijd ;eîu i|yd l<hq;= ldr®h m%udKh fldmuKo@

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) i;H jYfhkau f∞Ulrh u.ska jeh lrk Yla;s m%udKh by; w.hg jvd jeäfõ' fuhg fya;=j

olajkak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 05&

(iii) f∞Ulrfha flan,h T;d we;s is,skavrfha wrh 0.5 m fõ kï fudagr® r:h tiùu i|yd is,skavrh

u; ls%hd;aul úh hq;= jHdjr®:h fldmuKfõo@

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^,l=Kq 10&

* *


- 105 -

B fldgi - rpkd

05' mka;shl isiqka 10 fofkl= .◊; m¯CIKhlg ,nd.;a ,l=Kq fufiah'

35, 35, 20, 15, 50, 60, 65, 70, 40, 10

fuu ,l=Kq jHdma;sfha

(i) ud;h" uOHia:h yd uOHkHh .Kkh lrkak' ^,l=Kq 15&

(ii) ,l=Kq jHdma;sfha m<uqjk p;=r®:lh ^Q1&" fojk p;=r®:lh ^Q2& yd ;=kajk p;=r®:lh ^Q3& fidhkak'

^,l=Kq 45&

(iii) ,l=Kq jHdma;sfha wka;Yap;=r®:l mrdih fidhkak' ^,l=Kq 15&

(iv) iEu ,l=Klgu ,l=Kq x ne.ska tl;= l< úg wka;Yap;=r®:l mrdih l=ulao@ Tfí ms<s;=r meye†,s

lrkak' ^,l=Kq 50&

(v) jHdma;sfha wka;Yap;=r®:l mrdih fjkia fkdlr tu jHdma;sfha idudkH w.h 50 jkfia ,l=Kq

fjkia l< yelso@ Tfí ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak' ^,l=Kq 25&

06' (i) wrh r jk ixjD; f.da,dldr gexlshl;a" m;=f,a wrh r yd Wio r jk iDcq ixjD; jD;a;dldr

is,skavrdldr gexlshl;a mDIaG jr®.M, iudk jk nj fmkajkak' ^,l=Kq 30&

(ii) by; gexls foflys mDIaG jr®.M, iudk jqj;a jeä Od˙;djla we;af;a f.da,dldr gexlsfha nj

fmkajkak' ^,l=Kq 20&

B

R

A

TP

C

Q

20 m

20 m

20 m

(iii) wrh 5 m ne.ska jQ f.da,dldr gexls ;=kla fhd∞ f.k

f;,a .nvd ixlSr®Khla ilia ls¯ug ie,iqïlrefjla

fhdackd lrhs' gexlsj, flakaø iu;,d ìul msysá A, B yd C ,CIHj,g y˙ by<ska msysgqùug ie,iqï lr we;'

tu ìfuys tallhla 1 m jk hï LKavdxl ;,hla we;ehs

is;+ úg A ≡ (0, 0), B ≡ (20, 0) yd C ≡ (10, 10 3 ) fõ'

â& A, B yd C ,CIH iumdo ;s%fldaKhl YSr®Ij, msysgk nj fmkajkak' ^,l=Kq 50&

^b& rEmfha m˙† PQR ;s%fldaKh †f.a wdrCIl jegla iúls¯ug wjYH fõ' tu jefgys †. fidhkak'

^ 3 = 1.7 f,i .kak'& ^,l=Kq 50&


- 106 -

C fldgi - rpkd

07' (a) ldnka pl%fha iu;=,s;;dj mD:ßúfha ishÆ „ùkaf.a meje;aug Wmld¯ fjhs' ldnka pl%hg wh;a

jdhqf.da,fha mj;sk ix>glj, ixhq;sh flfrys ñksia ls%hdldrlï n,mEï we;s lrk neúka úúO

md˙i˙l ixl=,;d ygf.k we;' fï i|yd m%Odk jYfhka ldnkavfhdlaihsâ ^CO2) yd óf;aka

(CH4) hk jdhq fya;= fjhs'

(i) ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jd;hg tlajk m%Odk iajdNdúl wdldr folla kï lrkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) óf;aka jdhqf.da,hg tlajk m%Odk iajdNdúl ls%hdj,sh ieflúka úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 05&

(iii) ñksia ls%hdldrlï fya;=fjka óf;aka yd ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jdhqf.da,hg tlajk m%Odk wdldrh

ne.ska i|yka lrkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(iv) jdhqf.da,fha óf;aka yd ldnkavfhdlaihsâ uÜgï by<hdu ksid we;sjk m%Odk md˙i˙l .egÆj

l=ula o@ ^,l=Kq 05&

(v) by; (iv)ys kï l< md˙i˙l .egΩj we;sjk wdldrh ieflúka úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 20&

(b) mD:ßúfhys „ùkaf.a meje;au i|yd ´fidaka úhk uyÛ= ldr®hNdrhla bgqlrhs' ´fidaka jdhqj iQr®hhdf.ka

ksl=;a jk wys;lr mdrcïnq, lsrK mD:ßú mDIaGh lrd meñ”u md,kh lrhs'

(i) ´fidaka u.ska wys;lr mdrcïnq, lsrK wjfYdaIKh flfrk hka;%Kh b†˙m;a lrkak'

^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) ´fidaka úhkg ydks lrk m%Odk ldr®ñl ridhk øjH ldKavh l=ula o@ ^,l=Kq 05&

(iii) by; (ii)ys i|yka l< ridhk øjH ldKavh u.ska ´fidaka úhk ydhkh jk wdldrh meye†,s

flfrk hka;%Kh b†˙m;a lrkak' ^,l=Kq 20&

(iv) by; (ii)ys Tn i|yka l< ldr®ñl ridhk øjH ldKavhg úl,amhla f,i ´fidaka úhkg

ydkslr fkdjk ldr®ñl ridhk øjH ldKavhla kï lrkak' tu ridhk øjH ldKavh ´fidaka

úhkg ydkslr fkdjkafka wehs ±hs úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 20&

(c) Tlaiscka b,aÆu jeälrk ldnksl øjH iy ner f,day hkq m%Odk c, ¥Il folls'

(i) tla tla ¥Ilh c,hg tlajk wdldrh ne.ska i|yka lrkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) by; i|yka tla tla ¥Ilh c,fhka bj;a l< yels ms˙hï l%uh ne.ska úia;r lrkak'

^,l=Kq 15&

(iii) by; ¥Il c,hg tlaùu wju ls¯ug fhd∞ .; yels >k wmøjH l<ukdlrK ls%hdudr®.hla

ieflúka meye†,s lrkak' ^,l=Kq 20&


- 107 -

08' (A) Ydl f;,a fhd∞ .ksñka jd◊c jYfhka inka ksIamdokh ls¯fï ls%hdj,shla my; .e,Sï igyfkys

olajd we;' tys wuqøjH yd w;rue† M, M1, M2, M3, ..... hkd° jYfhka o mshjr P1, P2, P3 ...... hkd°

jYfhka o ixfla;j;a lr we;'

Ydl f;,a

M, ñY%Kh

m%;sls%hd

l=àrh fidaähï

yhsâfrdlaihsâ ødjKh

M1

.a,sifrda,a iys; c,Sh

,jK ødjKh

W∞iSk l< frdka inka

c,Sh ,jK

ødjKh

M5

n%hska ødjKh

ksñ inka

M2

M3

M4

P2

P1

P3

P4

M1 M,h

n%hska

ødjKfhka

fia°u

msrjqï

yd wdl,k

øjH tl;=

ls¯u

ñY%

ls¯u

a) (i) by; M1, M2, M3, M4, yd M5 ixfla;j,g wkqrEm wuqøjH yd w;r ue† M, kï lrkak'

^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) inka ksIamdokfha° fhd∞ .efkk wuqøjHj, fN!;sl yd ridhksl .=K mokï lr.ksñka tajd

m%;ssls%hd l=àrh ;=< ° hdka;s%l f,i ñY%ls¯fï jeo.;alu fláfhka meye†,s lrkak'

^,l=Kq 20&

(iii) by; P1, P2, P3 yd P4 f,i olajd we;s mshjr wdYs%;j is≥flfrk ≤ i|yka lrkak' ^,l=Kq 20&


- 108 -

(b) iajNdj ksIamdok fidndoyfï wmQr®j ksr®udK fõ' lefµaka hkq iajdNdúl ksIamdokhla jk w;r"

th X keue;s m%Njfha wvx.= jk ffcj ridhksl ixfhda.hls' iajdNdúl ksIamdok ms<sn|j y∞rK

YsIHfhl= úiska úoHd.drfha ° lefµaka ksiaidrKh lr .ekSu i|yd my; mshjr wkq.ukh lrk

,°'

r;a lrk ,o fidaähï ldnfkaÜ ødjKhlg X m%Njfhka 12 g muK oud ñks;a;= 30la muK fydoska

r;a lrk ,oS' fuu ñY%Kh uola isis,a jQ miq fmrd" bka ,enqKq ;o meye;s ødjKh ldur WIaK;ajhg

m;ajk f;la isis,a lrk ,oS' lefµaka fyd¢ka †hjk Y keue;s ldnksl ødjlh fldgia jYfhka tu

ødjKhg tl;= lr" fiñka l,;ñka ^swirl& ñY% lrk ,°' wk;=rej fíreï mqkS,hla wdOdrfhka Y ldnksl ia;rh" c,Sh ia;rfhka fjka lr.kakd ,°' fï wkaoug ;=ka j;djla lefµaka Y ldnksl

ia;rhg ksiaidrKh lr .kakd ,°' fjka lr.;aa ldnksl ia;r tl;= lr c,h bj;a lr .ekSu i|yd

Z keue;s ridhksl ixfhda.h tl;= lrk ,°' fuu ødjKh fmrd" Z bj;a lr Y ldnksl ødjlh

jdIam lr ye¯fuka lefµaka fjka lr.kakd ,°'

(i) lefµaka ksiaidrKh ls¯u i|yd úoHd.drfha ° X f,i Ndú; l< yels iq,N iajdNdúl m%Njhla

kï lrkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) lefµaka ksiaidrKfha ° my; tla tla mshjr wkq.ukh ls¯ug fya;=j ne.ska meye†,s lrkak'

(a) Xj,ska ms<sfh, lr.;a ødjKh ldur WIaK;ajh olajd isis,a ls¯fuka wk;=rej Y ldnksl ødjlh

tl;= ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

(b) Y ødjlh jrlg fldgi ne.ska tl;= lr jdr ;=kl° ksiaidrKh ls¯u ^,l=Kq 10&

(c) ;o meye;s ødjKhg Y ldnksl ødjlh tl;= ls¯fï° fifuka l,;ñka ^swirl& ñY% ls¯u

^,l=Kq 10&

(iii) by; ksiaidrKh jvd;a ldr®hCIuj is≥ls¯u i|yd Y ødjlh i;= úh hq;= .=Kdx. ;=kla i|yka

lrkak' ^,l=Kq 15&

(iv) mdi,a úoHd.drfha ° lefµaka ksiaidrKh ls¯u i|yd nyqq,j Ndú; flfrk Y ldnksl ødjlh

kï lrkak' ^,l=Kq 05&

(v) ldnksl ia;rfhka c,h bj;a lsrSu i|yd Ndú; l< Z ridhksl ixfhda.h i|yd ksoiqkla fokak'

^,l=Kq 05&

(vi) by; i|yka wdldrhg ksiaidrKh lr.;a wixY=oaO lefµaka kshe†hlska ixY=oaO lefµaka

,nd.ekSu i|yd Ndú; l< yels l%u Ys,amhla kï lrkak' ^,l=Kq 05&

(vii) lefµaka Ndú; flfrk lr®udka; folla kï lrkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(viii) iajNdj ksIamdokj, uQ,sl jr®.SlrKhg wkqj lefµaka wh;a jkqfha oaú;Shsl m˙jD;a;cj,g h'

m%d:ñl iy oaú;shsl m˙jD;a;c w;r we;s m%Odk fjkialï folla i|yka lrkak' ^,l=Kq 20&


- 109 -

D fldgi - rpkd

09' (a) kdk ldurhl Ndú;h i|yd 28 °C WIaK;ajfha mj;sk c,h 38 °C WIaK;ajhg m;alr ñks;a;=jg

,Sgr® 1.4 l YS>%;djhlska ,nd†h hq;=j we;'

(i) c,fha >k;ajh 1000 kg m-3 kï ñks;a;=jlg ,nd†h hq;= c,fha ialkaOh lsf,da .a?ïj,ska

fidhkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) tla ñksil=g kEu i|yd ñks;a;= 8l ld,hla ;=< iemfhk WKq c,h wjYH fõ' c,fha úYsIaG

;dm Od˙;dj 4200 J kg-1 K-1 kï tu ld,h ;=< c,hg iemhsh hq;= ;dm m%udKh .Kkh lrkak'

^,l=Kq 20&

(iii) by; ldr®hh i|yd wjYH ;dmh ,nd°ug 1000 W ;dmk uQ,djhjhla Ndú;d lrhs kï" ñks;a;=

8l ld,hla ;=< uQ,djhjfhka iemfhk ;dm m%udKh .Kkh lrkak' ^,l=Kq 15&

(iv) fuu ldr®hfha ° ;dmk uQ,djhjfhka Yla;sh ydksùfï YS>%;dj fidhkak' ^,l=Kq 25&

(b) ødj Tijkhl ^Hydraulic jack) m%Odk fldgia iy ieleiau my; rEmfha ±lafõ'

5 cm

100 cm

C

A

YX

P Q

F

T gexlsh

B

1 rEmh

X iy Y msiagk fol ms<sfj<ska yrialv jr®.M, 20 cm2 iy 2 cm2 jk úYd, iy l=vd is,skavr

fol ;=< iqugj p,s; úh yelsfia ilid we;' is,skavr fol ;=< iy T gexlsfha wiïmSvH øjhla

wvx.= fõ' AB ,Sjr oKav A ys° újr®;kh lr we;' oKav u; B ys ° fhfok F n,hla u.ska

Y msiagkh u; n,hla fhfoa' P iy Q ia:dkj, ° tla milg muKla újD;jk lmdg ^Valve& folla iú lr we;'

(i) øj Tijkh ls%hd;aul jk fN!;sl úoHd;aul uQ,Or®uh ,shd úia;r lrkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) WmlrKfha ksjer† ls%hdld˙;ajh i|yd 2 rEmfha P yd Q ia:dkj,g 3 rEmfha fmkajd we;s

wdldrfha lmdg folla iïnkaO l< hq;=h' 2 rEmh ms<s;=re m;%fha msgm;a lr P yd Q ia:dkj,

lmdg ksjer† f,i iïnkaO l< hq;= wdldrh we| olajkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

P Q 2 rEmh 3 rEmh

(iii) B fl<jr u; 100 N n,hla fhdok úg Y mssiagkh u; ls%hd;aul jk n,h fldmuK o@

^,l=Kq 15&

(iv) Y msiagkh u.ska øjh u; fhfok mSvkh fldmuK o@ ^,l=Kq 10&

(v) túg X msiagkh u; fhfok n,fha úYd,;ajh iy †Ydj l=ula o@ ^,l=Kq 15&

(vi) ,Sjr oKav tla jrla my;a lrk úg Y msiagkh 10 cm m%udKhlska my;g .uka .kafka kï" X msiagkh 10 cm m%udKhlska tiùu i|yd ,Sjr oKav fldmuK jdrhla my;g ;,aÆ l<hq;= ±hs

fidhkak' ^,l=Kq 20&


- 110 -

10' (a) iQ;s%ld mykla 4 V, 2 W f,i m%udKkh lr we;'

(i) by; wdldrhg m%udKkh ls¯fuka woyia lrkafka l=ula ±hs úoHd;aulj meye†,s lrkak'

^,l=Kq 05&

(ii) fuu iQ;s%ld myk kshñ; °ma;sfhka ^m%Yia; ;;a;ajfhka& ±,afjk úg iQ;s%ldfõ m%;sfrdaOh

fldmuKfõo@ ^,l=Kq 05&

(b) úoHq;a .dul n,h 6 V jk wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh fkd.sksh yels ir, Odrd iemhqula" 8 Ω iy

16 Ω m%;sfrdaOl folla iy m˙mQr®K fjda,aÜógrhla YsIHhl= yg imhd we;'

(i) by; m%;sfrdaOl fol iy ir, Odrd iemhqu fhd∞ .ksñka úNjh wvqls¯ug fhd∞ .kakd úNj

fn≥ï m˙m:hla ksr®udKh lrk whqre m˙m: igykla u.ska olajkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) tla tla m%;sfrdaOlh yryd úNj wka;rhka .Kkh lrkak' ^,l=Kq 05&

(iii) tla tla m%;sfrdaOlh yryd m˙mQr®K fjda,aÜ ógrhla iïnkaO l< úg oelafjk mdGdxlhka

fudkjdo@ ^,l=Kq 05&

(c) 16 Ω m%;sfrdaOlh yryd (a) ys i|yka lr we;s iQ;s%ld myk iïnkaO lr ±,aùug YsIHhd woyia

lrhs' tfy;a n,anh ±,aùug fkdyels jQ w;r" myk iy m%;sfrdaOlh yryd m˙mQr®K fjda,aÜ

ógrh iïnkaO l< úg tys mdGdxlh 2 V nj fmkakqï lrhs'

(i) iQ;s%ld myk iïnkaO lr we;s whqre m˙m: igykla u.ska olajkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) by; ks¯CIK wkqj n,anh m%Yia; °ma;sfhka fkd±,aùug fya;=j olajkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(iii) myk fkd±,afjk wjia:dfõ° tys iQ;s%ldfõ m%;sfrdaOh fidhkak' ^,l=Kq 20&

(iv) a (ii) iy c (iii) fldgiaj,° iQ;s%ldfõ m%;sfrdaOh fjkiaùug fya;=j olajkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(d) my; rEmfha ±lafjkqfha l=vd m˙udK ir, Odrd ú≥,s n,d.drhla u.ska lr®udka; Yd,djlg

ú≥,s n,h imhk wdldrh ms<sn| igykls' lr®udka; Yd,dj i|yd 1000 V úNj wka;rhla iemhsh

hq;=j we;s w;r th m˙fNdackh lrk CIu;dj 50 kW fõ' ú≥,s n,d.drh iy lr®udka; Yd,dj

w;r ≥r 50 m jk w;r ú≥,s iïfma%IK flan,fha ógr tll †.l m%;sfrdaOh 0.04 Ω fõ'

50 m1000 V50 kW

ú≥,s n,d.drh ú≥,s iïfma%IK lïì lr®udka; Yd,dj

(i) lr®udka; Yd,dfõ hka;% Wm˙u CIu;djfhka ls%hd;aul jk úg m˙m:fha .,dhk Odrdj

fidhkak' ^,l=Kq 10&

(ii) ú≥,s n, iïfma%IK udr®.fha uqΩ m%;sfrdaOh fldmuKfõo@ ^,l=Kq 15&

(iii) lr®udka; Yd,dfõ hka;% ls%hd;aul jk úg ú≥,s cklfha w.% yryd mj;sk úNj wka;rh fidhkak'

^cklfha wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh fkd.sksh yels f,i i,lkak'& ^,l=Kq 10&

(iv) ú≥,s n, iïfma%IK flan, u.ska is≥jk CIu;d ydksh fldmuKfõo@ ^,l=Kq 10&

(v) ú≥,s n, cklh u.ska ckkh flfrk cjh fldmuKo@ ^,l=Kq 10&

(vi) ú≥,s n, tall ^1kWh& tllg jeh jk uqo, re 20 la jkafka kï lr®udka; Yd,dj tla †kl°

m˙fNdackh lrk ú≥,sh i|yd úhoï jk uqo, fidhkak' ^,l=Kq 15&

* * *

16 - doenets.lkdoenets.lk/exam/docs/al2015/TechnologyProtoType_Sinhala.pdf · - 16 - w'fmd'i'^W'fm

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