15_Vectorworks.pdf

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Vectorworks Fundamentals User’s Guide


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© 1985-2009 Nemetschek N.A., Incorporated. All RightsReserved.

Nemetschek N.A., Inc., hereafter referred to as NNA, andits licensors retain all ownership rights to the MiniCAD®Vectorworks® computer program and all other computerprograms as well as documentation offered by NNA. Useof NNA software is governed by the license agreementaccompanying your original media. The source code forsuch software is a confidential trade secret of NNA. Youmay not attempt to decipher, decompile, develop orotherwise reverse engineer NNA software. Informationnecessary to achieve interoperability with this softwaremay be furnished upon request.

Vectorworks Fundamentals User’s GuideThis manual, as well as the software described in it, isfurnished under license and may only be used or copiedin accordance with the terms of such license. Theinformation in this manual is furnished for informationaluse only, is subject to change without notice, and shouldnot be construed as a commitment by NNA. NNAassumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or

inaccuracies that may appear in this manual.Except as permitted by such license, no part of thispublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, withoutthe express prior written permission of NNA.

Existing artwork or images that you may desire to scan orcopy may be protected under copyright law. The

unauthorized incorporation of such artwork into yourwork may be a violation of the rights of the author orillustrator. Please be sure to obtain any permissionrequired from such authors.

Vectorworks and MiniCAD are registered trademarks ofNNA. Renderworks, VectorScript, SmartCursor, and theDesign and Drafting Toolkit are trademarks of NNA.

The following are copyrights or trademarks of theirrespective companies or organizations:

QuickDraw 3D, QuickTime, Quartz 2D, and Macintoshare registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of theMicrosoft Corporation in the United States and othercountries.

Adobe, Adobe PDF Library, Adobe AIR, and the Adobe

logo are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Parasolid is a registered trademark of Siemens ProductLifecycle Management Software Inc.

SpaceNavigator is a trademark of 3Dconnexion.

OpenEXR is a trademark of Lucasfilm, Ltd.

ACIS and SAT are registered trademarks of SpatialCorporation.

Piranesi is a trademark of Informatix SoftwareInternational, Ltd.

The Forbo flooring textures are based on texturessupplied by Forbo Holding S.A.

All other brand or product names are trademarks orregistered trademarks of their respective companies ororganizations.

The shader appendix contains content, copyright1990-2001, and 2002-2009 by LightWork Design Limited.All rights reserved. Reprinted with the permission ofLightWork Design Limited.

The RenderWorks Camera tool was developed by JulianCarr, OzCAD, Sydney, Australia.

The Vectorworks Fundamentals User’s Guide was writtenand illustrated by Alexandra Duffy, Teresa Heaps, andSusan Collins.

Special thanks to Wes Gardner and Eric Gilbey whosedrawings were used as the basis for a variety ofillustrations.

Special thanks to Riccardo Martire for his MasterWorkscontest file submission, which was used as the basis for avariety of illustrations.

Evanston Green Townhomes file used as the basis forillustrations © 2008 Nathan Kipnis Architects, Inc.

HDRI background image in Chapter 22 is a copyright ofPaul Debevec.

For Defense Agencies: Restricted Rights Legend. Use,reproduction, or disclosure is subject to restrictions setforth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights of TechnicalData and Computer Software clause at 252.227-7013.

For civilian agencies: Restricted Rights Legend. Use,reproduction, or disclosure is subject to restrictions setforth in subparagraphs (a) through (d) of the commercialComputer Software Restricted Rights clause at 52.227-19.Unpublished rights reserved under the copyright laws ofthe United States. The contractor/manufacturer isNemetschek N.A., Incorporated, 7150 Riverwood Drive,Columbia, MD, 21046, USA.

Registration and Updates

The Vectorworks Fundamentals disks are warrantedsubject to the conditions of the License Agreement for a


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period of six (6) months from the date of purchase by theend user. A completed Registration Card must bereturned to NNA to officially register your copy ofVectorworks Fundamentals.

Only registered users are entitled to technical support,the NNA newsletter, maintenance releases, and reducedcost upgrades.

Defective master disks are replaced free of charge to theend user for six (6) months after purchase. Thereafter,master disks will be replaced for a nominal service fee set

by NNA.

NNA will make available from time to time upgrades to

the purchased program for nominal charges. Suchupgrades, along with the original master copy of theprogram, shall be considered one program, subject in itsentirety to the License Agreement.

Vectorworks License Agreement

The license agreement binding the use of this softwarecan be found in the Vectorworks ReleaseNotes directoryor by clicking “License” in the About Vectorworks dialog

box.


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Table of Contents

Preface ........................................................................................................................................................xi

Installing Vectorworks Products..............................................................................................................................xiUpdating Vectorworks Products............................................................................................................................. xii

New Features.........................................................................................................................................................xiii

Learning Vectorworks ...........................................................................................................................................xxii

Technical Support ................................................................................................................................................ xxv

1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................1

Understanding Vectorworks .....................................................................................................................................1

Creating a New File .................................................................................................................................................4

Opening a File .........................................................................................................................................................4

Using Finder Quick Look (Macintosh OS X 10.5+ Only)..........................................................................................6

Migrating from Previous Versions ............................................................................................................................8Closing a File ...........................................................................................................................................................8

Saving a File ............................................................................................................................................................8

Reverting to the Last Saved Version .....................................................................................................................10

Converting Previous Version Files .........................................................................................................................10

Exiting Vectorworks ...............................................................................................................................................15

Vectorworks Fundamentals Workspace ................................................................................................................15

The View Bar .........................................................................................................................................................18

Palettes and Tool Sets ...........................................................................................................................................20

Palette Layout Options...........................................................................................................................................21

List Box Functionality .............................................................................................................................................24

Additional Key Functionality...................................................................................................................................25

Screen Tips............................................................................................................................................................26

Drawing Techniques ..............................................................................................................................................27

Moving Around.......................................................................................................................................................28

Selecting Objects ...................................................................................................................................................33

2 Getting Started ........................................................................................................................................47

Setting Vectorworks Preferences...........................................................................................................................47


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Setting Document Preferences..............................................................................................................................58

Setting Up the Drawing..........................................................................................................................................62

Setting Default Object Attributes ............................................................................................................................75

Creating Templates................................................................................................................................................89

Printing...................................................................................................................................................................90

Using Drawing Tablets ...........................................................................................................................................95

3 Drawing Structure ...................................................................................................................................97Organizing the Drawing .........................................................................................................................................97

Managing Layers .................................................................................................................................................100

Managing Classes ...............................................................................................................................................112

Setting Class and Design Layer Options .............................................................................................................120

Managing Viewports ............................................................................................................................................120

Managing Saved Views .......................................................................................................................................121

Setting Visibilities .................................................................................................................................................125

Workgroup Referencing.......................................................................................................................................128

4 Drawing with Snapping and Constraints ............................................................................................139

Setting Snapping Parameters ..............................................................................................................................139Drawing with Snapping ........................................................................................................................................152

SmartCursor Cues ...............................................................................................................................................159

Parametric Constraints ........................................................................................................................................162

5 Using Vectorworks Resources.............................................................................................................173

Libraries ...............................................................................................................................................................173

Vectorworks Fundamentals and Renderworks Default Resources......................................................................173

Using the Resource Browser ...............................................................................................................................175

Understanding Symbols .......................................................................................................................................187

Creating New Symbols ........................................................................................................................................189

Inserting Symbols ................................................................................................................................................193

Editing Symbols ...................................................................................................................................................198


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Record Formats ...................................................................................................................................................205

Global Symbol Commands ..................................................................................................................................212

6 Creating 2D Objects..............................................................................................................................219

Planar Modes of 2D Objects................................................................................................................................219

Using the 2D Data Bar.........................................................................................................................................220

Inserting Text .......................................................................................................................................................223

Modifying Text......................................................................................................................................................227Inserting Callouts .................................................................................................................................................236

Creating Lines......................................................................................................................................................240

Creating Arcs .......................................................................................................................................................244

Creating Quarter Arcs ..........................................................................................................................................249

Creating Rectangles ............................................................................................................................................249

Creating Polylines ................................................................................................................................................253

Creating Circles ...................................................................................................................................................260

Creating Ovals .....................................................................................................................................................263

Creating 2D Polygons ..........................................................................................................................................264

Creating 2D Loci ..................................................................................................................................................271

7 Applying Object Attributes ...................................................................................................................273

The Attributes Palette ..........................................................................................................................................273

Hatch Attributes ...................................................................................................................................................281

Gradient Attributes ...............................................................................................................................................287

Image Attributes...................................................................................................................................................292

Editing Hatch, Gradient, and Image Fills .............................................................................................................295

8 Editing 2D Objects ................................................................................................................................301

Editing Object Information....................................................................................................................................301

Reshaping Objects...............................................................................................................................................306

Offsetting Objects ................................................................................................................................................312Aligning and Distributing 2D Objects ...................................................................................................................315

Trimming and Clipping Objects............................................................................................................................316


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Resizing Objects ..................................................................................................................................................318

Shearing Objects .................................................................................................................................................320

Joining Objects ....................................................................................................................................................320

Splitting Objects and NURBS Surfaces ...............................................................................................................322

Creating Fillets and Chamfers .............................................................................................................................326

Editing Object Surfaces .......................................................................................................................................330

Engineering Properties ........................................................................................................................................333

Drafting Aids ........................................................................................................................................................334

9 Creating 3D Objects..............................................................................................................................337

Using the 3D Data Bar.........................................................................................................................................337

Creating 3D Polygons ..........................................................................................................................................339

Creating Cylinders ...............................................................................................................................................341

Creating Spheres .................................................................................................................................................343

Creating Hemispheres .........................................................................................................................................344

Creating Cones ....................................................................................................................................................345

Creating NURBS Curves, Circles, and Arcs ........................................................................................................347

Creating 3D Loci ..................................................................................................................................................350

Extruding Objects.................................................................................................................................................351

Sweeping Objects ................................................................................................................................................355

10 Advanced 3D Modeling.......................................................................................................................357

3D Power Pack Fundamentals ............................................................................................................................357

NURBS Surfaces .................................................................................................................................................361

Extracting Geometry ............................................................................................................................................379

NURBS Surface-curve Interaction .......................................................................................................................381

Creating Helix-Spirals ..........................................................................................................................................391

Creating Contours ................................................................................................................................................392

Solids Operations.................................................................................................................................................393

Converting to Generic Solids...............................................................................................................................402


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11 Editing 3D Objects ..............................................................................................................................403

Obtaining Volumetric Properties ..........................................................................................................................403

Reshaping 3D Objects .........................................................................................................................................403

Aligning and Distributing 3D Objects ...................................................................................................................406

Editing 3D Object Surfaces..................................................................................................................................407

12 Common Functions and Utilities.......................................................................................................411

Undoing and Redoing Actions .............................................................................................................................411Moving Objects ....................................................................................................................................................411

Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Objects ................................................................................................................416

Removing Objects................................................................................................................................................418

Duplicating Objects ..............................................................................................................................................421

Smoothing Objects...............................................................................................................................................428

Combining and Connecting Objects ....................................................................................................................429

Composing and Decomposing Objects and Surfaces .........................................................................................434

Locking and Unlocking Objects............................................................................................................................435

Aligning Objects to Grid .......................................................................................................................................436

Rotating Objects ..................................................................................................................................................436

Mirroring Objects..................................................................................................................................................441

Converting Objects ..............................................................................................................................................443

Grouping Objects .................................................................................................................................................445

Object Editing Mode.............................................................................................................................................446

Compressing Images ...........................................................................................................................................447

Tracing Bitmaps ...................................................................................................................................................448

13 Viewing and Rendering.......................................................................................................................449

Using Standard Views..........................................................................................................................................449

Projection.............................................................................................................................................................451

Perspective ..........................................................................................................................................................452

Simulating Movement ..........................................................................................................................................452

Setting a 3D View ................................................................................................................................................459


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Setting a Camera View in Renderworks ..............................................................................................................460

Fit to Objects........................................................................................................................................................464

Fit to Page Area...................................................................................................................................................465

Viewing History ....................................................................................................................................................466

Adding Light .........................................................................................................................................................466

Rendering with Vectorworks ................................................................................................................................477

14 Dimensioning and Annotating ...........................................................................................................485Dimensioning .......................................................................................................................................................485

Marking 2D Object Centers..................................................................................................................................500

Angular Dimensioning..........................................................................................................................................501

Arc Length Dimensioning.....................................................................................................................................504

Converting Objects to Dimensions.......................................................................................................................505

Modifying Dimensions..........................................................................................................................................505

Measuring Distance .............................................................................................................................................510

Adding a Sheet Border.........................................................................................................................................511

Using Notation Objects ........................................................................................................................................520

15 Creating Building Elements ...............................................................................................................529Creating Structural Shapes ..................................................................................................................................529

Creating Floors ....................................................................................................................................................541

Creating Walls......................................................................................................................................................541

Editing Walls ........................................................................................................................................................557

Inserting and Editing Symbols Within a Wall .......................................................................................................565

Creating Columns ................................................................................................................................................576

Creating Simple Stairs .........................................................................................................................................577

Creating Roof Faces ............................................................................................................................................578

Creating Roof Objects..........................................................................................................................................582

Editing Roof Objects ............................................................................................................................................584


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16 Importing and Exporting Files ...........................................................................................................597

Importing Files .....................................................................................................................................................597

Exporting Files .....................................................................................................................................................599

DXF and DWG File Formats ................................................................................................................................607

DXF/DWG File Export ..........................................................................................................................................610

DXF/DWG File Import..........................................................................................................................................621

17 Using Working Planes.........................................................................................................................635Understanding the Working Plane .......................................................................................................................635

Setting the Working Plane Location.....................................................................................................................637

Manipulating the Working Plane ..........................................................................................................................639

The Working Planes Palette ................................................................................................................................642

Aligning Objects to the Working Plane.................................................................................................................644

18 Worksheets ..........................................................................................................................................647

Creating Worksheets ...........................................................................................................................................647

Using Worksheets................................................................................................................................................651

Entering Data in Spreadsheet Cells .....................................................................................................................665

Entering Data in Database Rows .........................................................................................................................670Worksheet Functions ...........................................................................................................................................674

Importing Worksheets ..........................................................................................................................................681

Exporting Worksheets..........................................................................................................................................682

Worksheets as Graphic Objects ..........................................................................................................................683

19 Using Scripts .......................................................................................................................................685

Creating Custom Selection Scripts ......................................................................................................................685

Creating Custom Tool/Attribute Scripts................................................................................................................686

Creating VectorScripts .........................................................................................................................................688

Running VectorScripts .........................................................................................................................................688

Managing VectorScripts .......................................................................................................................................689Managing Script Palettes.....................................................................................................................................691


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20 Presenting Vectorworks Drawings ....................................................................................................693

Animating Drawings with QuickTime ...................................................................................................................693

Presenting Drawings with Sheet Layer Viewports ...............................................................................................702

Cutting Sections...................................................................................................................................................722

Layer Linking........................................................................................................................................................723

21 Creating and Mapping Textures.........................................................................................................729

Renderworks Commands and Tools....................................................................................................................729

Textures and Shaders..........................................................................................................................................730

Creating Textures ................................................................................................................................................731

Editing Textures and Shaders..............................................................................................................................745

Creating Image Prop Objects...............................................................................................................................749

Adding 3D Plants .................................................................................................................................................751

Creating Layer Backgrounds ...............................................................................................................................752

Applying and Mapping Textures ..........................................................................................................................758

Applying Textures to Symbols, Walls, and Roofs ................................................................................................773

Applying Renderworks Backgrounds...................................................................................................................778

22 Rendering with Renderworks.............................................................................................................781Advanced Renderworks Lighting .........................................................................................................................781

Renderworks Features for OpenGL.....................................................................................................................788

Preparing to Render.............................................................................................................................................789

Rendering the Entire Drawing..............................................................................................................................789

Rendering a Selected Area ..................................................................................................................................807

Batch Rendering ..................................................................................................................................................809

Managing Lights and Cameras ............................................................................................................................811

Exporting a Rendered Drawing............................................................................................................................814

A Using the Workspace Editor................................................................................................................821

Creating or Editing a Workspace .........................................................................................................................821Updating Custom Workspaces and Plug-in Objects............................................................................................830


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B Standards and Resources....................................................................................................................833

Vectorworks and Renderworks Libraries .............................................................................................................833

Vectorworks Circle/Arc Conventions....................................................................................................................835

Survey Bearings...................................................................................................................................................835

Architectural Scale ...............................................................................................................................................835

Correlated Color Temperature.............................................................................................................................836

C Renderworks Shader Definitions ........................................................................................................839Shader Types.......................................................................................................................................................839

Shader Properties ................................................................................................................................................843

Frequently Asked Questions about Radiosity ......................................................................................................851

IX Index......................................................................................................................................................855


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Preface

Welcome to Vectorworks® Fundamentals—a CAD program that includes all the 2D and 3D tools and technology youneed in one easy-to-use, cost-effective package. In addition to precision drafting, it provides powerful tools for 3Dmodeling that can be used to create, present, and even manufacture designs. Built-in database and worksheetcapabilities help track costs and materials. A host of import and export formats makes it easy to share files.Vectorworks Fundamentals also includes extensive symbol libraries, default drawing resources, and a built-inscripting environment that can be used to automate routine tasks.

Installing Vectorworks ProductsThe Vectorworks installation program lists the installation system requirements, any known installation issues, andany information that did not make it into the documentation. To ensure a smooth installation, confirm that systemrequirements are met and take note of any issues or incompatibilities prior to installing Vectorworks.

The installation program can install Vectorworks Designer, Renderworks™, Architect, Landmark, Spotlight, MachineDesign, and Fundamentals in any combination. The program determines which products to install based on the serialnumber.

Your software license allows for one copy to be made for backup purposes. Vectorworks should be backed up on aregular basis. These backups are invaluable in restoring user-customized settings that may be otherwise lost by eithera computer failure or reinstallation of Vectorworks.

Adding and Removing Serial NumbersDuring installation you are typically required to enter the serial number, which is provided with the Vectorworkssoftware. If you are not prompted to enter the serial number during installation, you must enter it the first time theapplication is accessed.

To add serial number(s):

1. Open the Vectorworks application.

The Serial Numbers dialog box opens the first time the application is accessed. Thereafter, it is accessed byclicking Serial Numbers from the Session tab of Vectorworks preferences.

2. Click Add.

The Add New Serial Number dialog box opens.3. Enter the serial number exactly as it appears on the label. The serial number is case sensitive. The letters o and i

are not used in serial numbers; enter zero or one instead.

4. Click Add.


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The list of Enabled Products in the Serial Numbers dialog box displays all products enabled by this serialnumber. For security, serial numbers that begin with the letter A are partially hidden wherever they display inVectorworks.

5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 to enter additional serial numbers for additional licenses, as necessary.

6. When all serial numbers have been entered, click Done.

To remove serial number(s):

1. Click Serial Numbers from the Session tab of Vectorworks preferences.

The Serial Numbers dialog box opens.

2. Select a serial number to remove, and then click Remove.

3. When all desired serial numbers have been removed, click Done.

Viewing the Vectorworks License AgreementThe Vectorworks license agreement can be viewed at any time.

To view the license agreement:

1. On Windows, select Help > About Vectorworks , or on Macintosh select Vectorworks > About Vectorworks.

2. Click License to display the license agreement text.

3. Click OK twice to return to the Vectorworks application.

Network ProtectionWhen running multiple copies of Vectorworks across the network, serial numbers are checked when the program islaunched, and also periodically throughout the session.

If the same serial number is found to be in use, the All Serial Numbers In Use dialog box opens. From this dialog box,clicking User Information displays the User Name, if given, and the IP address of the other location. Clicking EditNumbers allows a new serial number to be entered and an existing one to be deleted. Once the situation is resolved,click Retry Numbers to regain access to Vectorworks. If the serial number is still in use after three attempts,Vectorworks automatically shuts down.

Updating Vectorworks ProductsVectorworks software updates are called Service Packs, and are considered maintenance releases. There are severalways to obtain Vectorworks software updates:

• Click Check for Updates from Help > About Vectorworks. Alternatively, select Help > Check for Updates (Windows) or Vectorworks > Check for Updates (Macintosh).

A dialog box opens to indicate whether the software is up to date, or if an update is available. If an update isavailable, click More Info to open a web browser to display and download available updates. If it is inconvenientto update Vectorworks at this time, click Cancel.

• Select to Automatically check for updates on a weekly or monthly basis from the Session tab of Vectorworks

preferences (see “Session Preferences” on page 50).

• Updates are available for download at www.vectorworks.net/downloads

http://www.vectorworks.net/downloadshttp://www.vectorworks.net/downloads


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New Features | xiii

New FeaturesThis release includes many new features and significant enhancements to Vectorworks Fundamentals, Renderworks,

and the Fundamentals workspace, as described in the following sections.

New Vectorworks Fundamentals FeaturesThe following table contains a list of new and improved features for this release, and indicates the section where thefunctionality is documented.

Feature Purpose Location

Context-sensitive help The Vectorworks help system has beenupdated to reflect version 2010 functionality

Not applicable

Adobe AIR for online help Vectorworks 2010 includes a completely newhelp system which runs within Adobe AIR™,a browser-independent application. Alongwith a new interface and improved searchfunctionality, the help system offers theability to save favorite links and RSS feeds, as

well as add comments.

The new help system isdocumented in the Welcome

book of online help

Macintosh multiprocessing All of the Parasolid®-based functionality inVectorworks 2010 now takes advantage ofmultiprocessing on the Macintosh

Not applicable

New Fundamentals workspace The Standard workspace has been renamedFundamentals, to more accurately representthe installed product with which it isassociated

Various locations

Name change for Constraintspalette

The Constraints palette has been renamed tothe Snapping palette. Any associatedsnapping tools with a constraint name havealso been renamed.

Various locations


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Improvements to the Units

dialog box

Several improvements make the settings for

dimensions clearer:

• The Dimension Objects (Primary) tab wasremoved, and the Dimension objectprecision and Dimension rounding base settings were moved to the general displaytab (now called General Display andDimensions).

• The precision and rounding base values fordimensions can now be linked to thegeneral display precision and rounding

base values.

• If the Units setting is changed from onemetric unit to a different metric unit, theprecision values are automatically scaled

by the same ratio, to maintain the sameinherent precision the document had

before.

“Units” on page 64

New display options forfractional dimension text

The Units dialog box now has three optionsfor the display of all fractional dimensions

“Selecting a Unit System” onpage 64

Set origin improvements To prevent the drawing origin from beingmoved inadvertently, an alert now displayswhen the Set Origin button is dragged intothe drawing area. The drag origin feature cannow be disabled, as well.

“Set Origin” on page 69

Dash style improvements • Up to 128 dash styles are now supported(ten default styles are provided); each stylehas a name, to make it easier to distinguishsimilar styles.

• Dash styles can now be edited from theLine Style list on the Attributes palette, andthe list order can be modified as needed.

• The new Convert Line to Dimension command replaces the dimension line stylethat was previously available on the LineStyle list.

“Setting the Default Dash Stylesand Display Order” on page 85 ,“Line Style Attributes” onpage 276 , and “Arc LengthDimensioning” on page 504

Better default print resolutionfor Quartz imaging onMacintosh

When Quartz imaging is enabled onMacintosh, the Application print resolution on the Print dialog box now always defaultsto a minimum value of 300 DPI. Previously,

the default could be unexpectedly defaultedto 72 DPI, which could cause undesirableresults.

“Printing a File” on page 92



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New Features | xv

Update viewports prior to

printing or export

Out-of-date viewports can be automatically

updated before printing or image export

“Printing a File” on page 92 ,

and “Exporting an Image File”on page 602

Reset plug-in objects prior toprinting

Certain plug-in objects, such as data stamps,which require refreshing before printing can

be automatically updated before printing orexport

“Printing a File” on page 92 ,and “Exporting an Image File”on page 602

Ignore priority of referenceswhen updating

Previously, when the same resource existed inmultiple referenced files, the target file would

be updated according to the reference priorityin the References tab of the Organizationdialog box. This could cause the resource to

be updated from a different file than the oneit was originally referenced from. A newoption on the Reference Settings dialog boxcontrols whether referenced resources arealways updated from the original file, or

updated according to the reference priority.

“Setting the ReferencingOptions” on page 129

Resource reference renamingand breaking

Previously, when a referenced resource couldnot be found during a reference update, theonly option was to break the reference. Now,a dialog box automatically provides threeoptions for each missing item: break thereference, replace the resource with adifferent resource from the master file, or

delete the resource from the target filealtogether.

“Updating References” onpage 133

In-place editing of referencedresources

Referenced resources, including symboldefinitions, can be edited within the targetfile; changes are automatically exported to thesource file. The source file no longer has to beopen to edit source references.

“Referencing Resources” onpage 134

3D snapping and working

plane improvements

Interactive object creation and manipulation

is now possible with comprehensive 3Dsnapping and an improved and moreaccessible working plane interface

“Drawing with Snapping and

Constraints” on page 139 and“Using Working Planes” onpage 635

Resource Browser thumbnaillabel improvement

In the Resource Browser’s Thumbnail viewmode, each resource now can display up tofive lines in its label, to make it easier todistinguish between resources that sharesimilar names

“Viewing Resources” onpage 176



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Find resources within the

current document

The find feature in the Resource Browser now

can search for resources within the currentfile, as well as in other files; in addition, theFind Resources on Disk command wasrenamed Find Resource

“Finding Resources” on

page 183

Prevent wall insertion forsymbols and plug-in objects

When created, symbols and plug-in objectscan now be set to never insert into walls;previously, wall insertion could only becontrolled by turning the Wall Insertion mode

on and off for the active tool

“Creating New Symbols” onpage 189

Planar graphics 2D objects can now be associated with thescreen plane (as before) or with the layerplane. As planar objects, they exist in 3Dspace and maintain a geometric relationshipto the model.

“Planar Modes of 2D Objects”on page 219 , and variouslocations

New Data bar menu optionsthat control the shortcut for

exiting the group editing mode

For certain types of objects, the Edit command opens a special Edit window with a

colored border. New options on the Data barmenu control whether the Edit window will

be exited when the Escape key is pressedtwice. Previously, pressing the Escape keytwice always exited the edit mode.

“Data Bar Menu” on page 221

New Data bar menu optionsthat control the position of thefloating Data bar

New options on the Data bar menu allow thefloating Data bar to display either above or

below the SmartCursor cues. Previously, the

floating Data bar always displayed below thecursor, where it could be hidden by the user’shand during drafting with a tablet.

“Data Bar Menu” on page 221

Callout tool improvements The Callout tool includes two new bubblestyles, and the leader radius can be set for arcleader styles; a leader style of None can beselected

“Inserting Callouts” onpage 236

Create arc by circumference A new mode of the Arc tool creates arcs by

specifying the arc and, optionally, chordlength

“Creating Arcs” on page 244

Create rectangle by center/corner

A new mode of the Rectangle tool createsrectangles by specifying the rectangle centerand one corner

“Creating a Rectangle by Centerand Corner” on page 250

Create rectangle by side/opposite corner

A new mode of the Rectangle tool createsrectangles by specifying the center of one side

and an opposite corner

“Creating a Rectangle by SideCenter and Opposite Corner”

on page 250Create circle by point/center A new mode of the Circle tool creates circles

by points on its circumference and center“Creating Circles” on page 260



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New Features | xvii

Create circle by tangent/center A new mode of the Circle tool creates circles

based on a tangent line and a center

“Creating Circles” on page 260

Attribute mapping ofassociative hatches

Associative hatches (which are applied toobjects through the Attributes palette) cannow be moved, rotated, and scaled with theAttribute Mapping tool

“Editing Hatch Fills” onpage 295

2D Reshape tool marqueemodes

The 2D Reshape tool has three new marqueemodes available for selecting object verticesfor operations such as reshaping, moving,

and nudging

“Reshaping Objects” onpage 306

2D Reshape tool marqueeselection improvements

The 2D Reshape tool allows marqueeselection of objects within another object,without selecting the boundary object

“Reshaping Objects” onpage 306

Selection support for objectmodification tools

Additional objects can be selected formodification after activating the Offset ,Move by Points , Rotate , and Mirror tools

“Offsetting Objects” onpage 312 , “Moving Objects byClicking” on page 413 ,

“Rotating Objects” on page 436 ,“Mirroring Objects” onpage 441 , “Moving Symbols inWalls with the Move by PointsTool” on page 570

New option for the Chamfer tool

The Chamfer by length option creates achamfer line of a specified length

“Chamfer Tool” on page 327

Select all edges for Chamfer

Edge and Fillet Edge tools

A new option automatically selects all edges

of the solid for the chamfer or fillet operation

“Modifying Edges by

Chamfering” on page 393 and“Reshaping Edges by Fillet” onpage 395

Improved Reference Pointmode of the Move By Point tool

The Reference Point mode can now work twoways: the first click can either indicate theobject to be moved or the reference point fromwhich the object will be offset

“Moving Objects with theReference Point Mode” onpage 415 , and “MovingSymbols in Walls with theReference Point Mode” on

page 572



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The Purge Unused Objects

command was renamed toPurge and multipleimprovements were made

• Drawing objects that are outside of the

page boundaries can now be purged.

• Unused dash styles can now be purged.

• Previously, a symbol resource that wasinserted as a plug-in object (a “red”symbol) or as a group (a “blue” symbol)was always removed by the purge functionalong with regular unused symbolresources (“black” symbols). These special

red and blue symbol resources now must be specifically selected for purging.

• Previously, special record formats thatstored plug-in object defaults could not bepurged. These special record formats cannow be specifically selected for purging.

• A new preview option allows the

confirmation of selected items to bepurged.

• The purge command can now be undone.

“Purging Items from a File” on

page 419

New mode for the Connect/ Combine tool connectsmultiple objects

The Multiple Object Connect modedesignates the first selected object as a

boundary, and then trims or extends multipleconsecutively selected objects to join the

boundary

“Combining and ConnectingObjects” on page 429

Terminology changes related tounified 3D environment

The term “ground plane” has been replacedwith the term “active layer plane,” and theSet Layer Lighting Options command has

been renamed to the Set Lighting Options command.

Various locations, and “SettingLighting Options” on page 466

Access to custom dimensionstandards from the Object Infopalette and Tool bar

In addition to the document preferences, theCustom Dimensions dialog box can now beaccessed from the Tool bar when any one of

the dimensioning tools in the Dims/Notes toolset is selected, or from the Object Info palettewhen an existing dimension object is selected

“Using Custom DimensionStandards” on page 485

DCM integration All of the parametric constraints now use theD-Cubed™ 2D Dimensional ConstraintManager (DCM), which is much more reliablethan the previous library. In addition,associative dimensions (except for angular

dimensions) now have two-way editing;when an associative dimension is moved orresized, the associated object updatesautomatically.

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Chain dimension text collision

control

A new preference on the Chain Dimension

Preferences dialog box enables collisioncontrol, which automatically spaces text

blocks so that they do not overlap

“Unconstrained Linear

Dimensioning” on page 491 ,and “Constrained LinearDimensioning” on page 494

Default dimension standard onTool bar

The default dimension standard for adocument can now be set from the Tool barfor the following dimension tools:Constrained Linear Dimension ,Unconstrained Linear Dimension , Angular

Dimension , Arc Length Dimension , RadialDimension , and Center Mark

“Unconstrained LinearDimensioning” on page 491 ,“Constrained LinearDimensioning” on page 494 ,“Radial Dimensioning” on

page 498 , “Marking 2D ObjectCenters” on page 500 , “AngularDimensioning” on page 501

Arc Length Dimension tool This new tool dimensions any portion of anarc along its circumference

“Arc Length Dimensioning” onpage 504

Interactive dimension editing The length of linear dimension objects can bedirectly entered in the drawing area, either byselecting the dimension text with the Text

tool, or by double-clicking the dimensionwith the 2D Selection tool

“Editing Dimensions with theMouse” on page 506

Improved drag support fordimension text

Dimension text can now be dragged to a newlocation without moving the dimension line.The text for an angular dimension can only bemoved along the curve of the dimensionitself; the text for other dimensions can bemoved in any direction.

“Editing Dimensions with theMouse” on page 506

Simultaneous editing of singleand chain dimensions in theObject Info palette

When both single and chain dimensions areselected, the Object Info palette now displaysall of the controls that are available for a chaindimension

“Editing Dimension Properties”on page 508

New segment position controlfor editing the length of lineardimensions

When a linear dimension is edited in eitherthe Object Info palette or the Properties dialog

box, a new control next to the Length fieldspecifies which segment of the dimension

(either endpoint, or the center point) willremain fixed when the dimension is resized


Add Radius field to radial anddiametrical dimensions in theObject Info palette

The length of radial and diametricaldimensions can now be edited


Add section properties tostructural shapes

The Object Info palette now displayscalculated values for area, moment of inertia,section modulus, and radius of gyrationabout the centroidal X-X and Y-Y axes for allstructural shapes (for angles, the least radiusof gyration about the principal Z-Z axis is alsocalculated and displayed)

“Creating Structural Shapes”on page 529



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New object properties

specification for structuralshapes

The object properties dialog box allows a

number of default values to be set prior tocreation of structural shapes; this includesseries and size for all objects, and alsoincludes drawing a center line, free heightlines, and placing a locus at the centroid ofapplicable objects

“Creating Structural Shapes”

on page 529

Wall and component joinimprovements

Wall improvements include the ability tocreate wall joins such as Y-joins and

component joins with round walls, and to joinwalls end to end. A component can bedesignated as a core component, and whenwalls are joined, components joinautomatically also. Wall caps can usecomponent line attributes.

“Joining Walls” on page 561 ,“Automatically Joining Walls”

on page 549 , and “CreatingWall Components” on page 550

Improved wall hole editingmode

When editing wall hole components, it is noweasier to distinguish the edited symbol

geometry and the wall hole geometry fromthe other objects in the drawing

“Adding a 3D Wall HoleComponent to a Symbol

Definition” on page 574

DXF/DWG import support for128 dash styles

Imported dash styles are now namedaccording to the line types in the DXF/DWGfile. Also, existing Vectorworks dash stylesare no longer deleted to make room forimported dash styles. If the total number ofexisting and imported dash styles exceeds128, the objects for which no dash style could

be created are imported with solid lines.

Not applicable

DXF/DWG improved tableimport

Tables can now be properly imported toVectorworks as lines and text with theirproper attributes, including line style, color,and text size

Not applicable

Improved DXF/DWG import ofAutoCAD® scaled blocks

Scaled blocks are now imported as symbols,instead of being imported as groups. If a

block is used with multiple scales, a differentsymbol will be created for each scale.

“Information Lost inTranslation” on page 608

DXF/DWG batch export ofsaved views

Saved views can now be exported “DXF/DWG Export Options”on page 614

DXF/DWG option to exportgroups as anonymous blocks

A new option exports groups as anonymous blocks; previously, groups were alwaysexported as named blocks

“DXF/DWG Export Options”on page 614

Simplified DXF/DWG export ofsheet layers as 2D graphics

A new option exports sheet layer viewportsas 2D (flat) graphics in model space, eachsheet to a separate file; previously, sheet layerviewports were always exported as paperspace layouts

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New Renderworks FeaturesThe following table contains a list of new and improved features for this release, and indicates the section where thefunctionality is documented.

Improved DWG/DXF import

support of referenced files

For DXF/DWG master files that have external

references (xrefs), new import options allowmore control over how the xrefs are handled.The xrefs can be bound into the sameVectorworks file as the master file, they can beignored, or they can be imported as separatereferenced Vectorworks files (either as designlayer viewports or as layer links).

“Importing DXF/DWG Files”

on page 623

User defined 2D or 3D view of

ADT objects for DXF/DWGImport

New options control whether AEC objects

created with Autodesk Architectural Desktop(such as walls, doors, and windows) areimported in 2D or 3D view, regardless of theview saved in the DXF/DWG file.

“Importing DXF/DWG Files”

on page 623

DXF/DWG import savedsettings

Custom import options can now be saved as aset and recalled when needed

“DXF/DWG Custom ImportOptions” on page 626

Create custom dimensionstandards on DXF/DWG import

Dimension styles in the DXF/DWG file arenow imported as custom dimension

standards, which are applied to the importeddimensions automatically

“Objects Tab” on page 631

Viewport edit cropenhancement

When editing cropped viewports, a newoption displays the area outside of a viewportcrop either in wireframe or in gray

“Cropping Sheet LayerViewports” on page 714

OpenMP multithreading Files that contain certain types of images,transparencies, and textures are now drawnmuch faster

Not applicable

Updated Architect sampler andoffice equipment libraries

Object geometry has been updated for genericarchitectural content and office equipmentand a larger variety of content is available

“Vectorworks andRenderworks Libraries” onpage 833


HDRI backgrounds, image fills,and textures from LightWorkDesign

New interior, exterior, and studio backgrounds in both high and lowresolution formats are available, as well asmaterial images for image-based texturesand image fills

“Vectorworks Fundamentalsand Renderworks DefaultResources” on page 173

Improved wall hole textures 3D wall hole component geometry cannow be assigned a left and right texturepart, for improved display of wall holetextures

“Applying RenderworksTextures to Wall HoleComponents” on page 575


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Learning VectorworksThere are a number of ways to learn how to use Vectorworks, including both online help and PDFs, training CDs, and

both online and classroom training.

User’s Guides

• This guide is the Vectorworks Fundamentals User’s Guide. It is a comprehensive reference for all Vectorworksusers describing the core tools, commands, and features in the Vectorworks Fundamentals product. The guidealso describes the presentation capabilities of Renderworks, for users who purchased Renderworks.

• The Vectorworks Design Series User’s Guide describes the features in the Vectorworks Architect, Landmark,Spotlight, Machine Design, and Designer products. It is designed for users who have purchased one or moreDesign Series products.

The following table describes the conventions used in the guides. All instructions in the guides are based on“click-click” drawing.

3D plants A new tool easily places high-quality

models of various plants from VBvisual.The realistic plants do not requireexcessive rendering time or file space.

“Adding 3D Plants” on

page 751

2D texture mappingimprovement

The Attribute Mapping tool now usessnapping when editing texture mapping in2D space. The mapping parameters can beeasily reset with a new button.

“Direct Texture Mapping” onpage 765

3D texture mapping

improvements

Enhanced 3D functionality of the

Attribute Mapping tool has eliminated theEdit Mapping dialog box. Texturemapping in 3D is much more intuitive.

“Direct Texture Mapping” on

page 765

Decal textures Decals are masked, image-based texturesthat can be layered over an existing basetexture. This is useful for creating labeling,signage, and layered texture effects.

“Creating Decal Textures” onpage 767

New functionality related tounified 3D environment(Design Series required)

A new command, Set RenderworksBackground , has been added to specifythe Renderworks background resource toapply to the current layer

“Applying RenderworksBackgrounds” on page 778

Blur reflectivity shaders Simple glass and mirror reflectivityshaders have a new option to blur thereflection; set the blur quality in theCustom Renderworks Options or CustomRadiosity Options dialog boxes

“Reflectivity Shader Properties”on page 847 and “CustomRenderworks Options” onpage 791

Convention Meaning

(Macintosh) Macintosh-specific instruction


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Learning Vectorworks | xxiii

Vectorworks Help SystemThe help system allows quick access to comprehensive reference information about Vectorworks. Program commands,tools, and dialog boxes are linked to the appropriate help topic, providing instant information.

The help system also offers links to related topics, allows full text searches, and contains an index and table of contentsto topics across all products.

The Vectorworks help system includes the following volumes:

• Welcome: Instructions for using the help system within Vectorworks

• Vectorworks Fundamentals: Context-sensitive online version of the Vectorworks Fundamentals User’s Guide• Vectorworks Design Series: Context-sensitive online version of the Vectorworks Design Series User’s Guide• VectorScript Language Guide: Description of the VectorScript language, which can be used to automate routine

tasks• Additional Documentation: Provides links to complete user guide PDFs, the VectorScript Language Guide, and

other helpful links

To access the Help system, select Help > Vectorworks Help from within Vectorworks. In the help system Table ofContents, open the Welcome book for complete instructions on how to use the system.

Corporate Social Responsibility StatementNemetschek North America is taking on an ever-increasing role in embracing environmentally friendly practices toreduce our carbon footprint. We realize that preserving the environment is affecting our customers more and more

(Windows) Windows-specific instruction

bold text Indicates a specific button, command, class, or explicitly named item

blue indented text Indicates a note, tip, or warning

click Click the mouse button and release. The left button is always implied in Windows.

double-click Click two times quickly on the mouse button and release

right-click Click with the right mouse button and release; on the Macintosh, hold down the Ctrl key andclick the mouse

Key and mousecombination, as inShift-click

Hold down the command key(s) and click; in this example, hold down the Shift key and click

Key combination,as in Alt+Shift+D

Hold down the command key(s) and press the specified letter or number key; in thisexample, hold down both the Alt and Shift keys, and press the D key

click-click Click the mouse button once and release. Move the cursor to the desired location and clickagain. This is the default drawing preference for Vectorworks at installation.

click-drag Click once with the mouse button and do not release. Drag (move) the cursor to a desiredlocation and then release.

select Click on an object with the mouse, or click-drag over an object with marquee selection, tohighlight it. The object is highlighted, and/or “handles” display on the object to indicate thatit is currently active. This term also refers to executing menu commands.

Context menu A menu command accessed by a Ctrl-click (Macintosh) or right-click (Windows)

Convention Meaning

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each day and will be joining you in your preservation efforts. As one important step in this process, we’ve increasedour use of papers certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and material with recycled content, in order tosupport responsible forest management, minimize habitat destruction, reduce air and water pollution, and maintain

forestry practices that respect human rights and social standards. We have also increased our usage of vegetable-basedinks and wind power in our professionally printed materials. While some of our materials require printing, we havechosen to explore options that utilize electronic delivery where it is appropriate. This has impacted several of ourcommunication pieces that you may be accustomed to seeing in printed form.

• Packaging Materials – One of our largest changes was in how we produce the packaging to ship Vectorworks. Wecontinue to make a conscious effort to reduce our carbon footprint by specifying FSC-certified papers andsupport responsibly managed forests and labor practices in foresting locations. Additionally, much of ourpackaging contains some percentage of post-consumer waste. Finishes are water based, and therefore,

everything we produce is recyclable.• Manuals – Previously, we printed the Vectorworks Fundamentals User’s Guide and Vectorworks Design Series

User’s Guide, totaling more than 1600 pages in length. This required a larger shipping box and a large volume ofpaper. We now provide our user’s guides solely online, in two formats for your convenience. Each guide isprovided as a PDF, and is available in the help system table of contents under the Additional Documentationsection. We also provide a comprehensive, searchable on-line help system which can be accessed from the Helpmenu in Vectorworks, or by pressing the appropriate function key for context-sensitive help. This change hasallowed us to save a significant number of trees and provides our users with quick access to help in the manner

that suits them best.• Product brochures – In the past, we have printed our product brochures and mailed them to clients who were

considering using Vectorworks. The product brochures are now provided as downloadable PDFs on thevectorworks.net web site, and as PDFs within several of our multi-media pieces.

• Additional Marketing Collateral – Many of our collateral pieces have been converted to a multi-media CD orDVD. We currently offer the Vectorworks 2010 Getting Started Guide which includes a printed (approximately70 page) booklet and accompanying DVD providing exercises and movie files to teach the basic skills inVectorworks 2010 Fundamentals, Architect, Landmark, and Spotlight. It also contains electronic versions of the

What’s New brochure for Vectorworks 2010 products and Your Guide to What’s New for version 2010 and theprevious three versions.

Overall, Nemetschek estimates at a minimum we have decreased our carbon footprint and environmental impact bythe statistics below. In some cases we will still need to print materials for distribution. However, our commitment toprinting responsibly will continue and we hope that you will consider using some of these practices in your own

business as our environment is the legacy we will all leave our children.

For more information on our ongoing environmentally friendly efforts, visit www.vectorworks.net/green

Benefits of Socially Responsible Improvements for version 2010*

Wood use 251 tons

Net energy 2,033 million BTUs not expended

Greenhouse gases 399,985 pounds CO2 not released

Wastewater 1,510,882 gallons not produced

Solid waste 129,792 pounds not created

*Impact estimates based on research by the Environmental Defense Fund

Technical Support | xxv

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TrainingVisit www.vectorworks.net for details about the following training options:

• Training CDs• Guided online training• Onsite training• Classroom training

Other ResourcesVisit www.vectorworks.net for details about the following additional resources:

• Documentation updates• Independent local user groups• LISTSERV® user lists

Technical SupportTechnical support is available for registered Vectorworks users in several ways. International users should contacttheir local reseller for details concerning technical support (see www.vectorworks.net for reseller information).

United States users can contact Technical Support using the following methods:

• Call 410.290.5114• Send an e-mail to [email protected]• Visit the community board at techboard.vectorworks.net• Visit the technical support knowledge base at kbase.vectorworks.net

When you contact Technical Support, provide a brief description of the problem that includes specific details aboutwhat actions were taken prior to the problem’s occurrence. The more information you can give your support specialist,the easier it will be to solve your problem quickly.

When you contact Technical Support by phone, please have access to your computer and be ready to tell the specialist:

• Vectorworks serial number• Vectorworks version number• Operating system• Type of computer being used• Amount of RAM installed in the computer• List of any recent changes to the computer’s setup (such as new fonts, software, or hardware)

TroubleshootingTroubleshooting a problem prior to calling Technical Support will also aid in a speedy resolution. Basictroubleshooting tips include:

• Test to see if the problem occurs in a new, blank file• Test to see if the problem occurs system wide (especially print and font problems)• Copy and paste part of the document to a new file to see if the problem persists• Run the computer in Safe Mode (Windows) to see if there is a system conflict• Check the community message board to see if the problem has already been reported or resolved

(techboard.vectorworks.net)

xxvi | Preface

http://www.vectorworks.net/http://www.vectorworks.net/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.vectorworks.net/http://www.vectorworks.net/


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Introduction 1Understanding VectorworksThis section describes the core concepts behind Vectorworks’ functionality; each concept is described briefly in thisoverview. The actual implementation of these concepts are described thoroughly in their relevant sections. Wherepossible, the relevant sections are referenced.

Intuitive Design and Drafting PackageVectorworks is an essential graphic design tool for anyone who wishes to use CAD software immediately. Theprogram emphasizes rapid, accurate drawing and easy object selection. This ease of use minimizes the learning curve,

so that ideas can be quickly converted into drawings.

Parasolid Modeling KernelThe Parasolid® modeling kernel (a Siemens PLM product) was integrated into Vectorworks starting with version 2009.This kernel provides the geometric foundation for sophisticated 2D and 3D operations. The Parasolid kernel providesrobustness, consistency, and high performance in modeling as well as drafting operations.

Hybrid EnvironmentIn most CAD programs, it is possible to create either a 2D or a 3D drawing. Vectorworks allows you to do both, withhybrid objects that display in a 2D or 3D representation of a drawing. In this hybrid environment, symbols display as2D symbols in a 2D view, and as a fully formed 3D object in 3D view. The program automatically displays the correctsymbol according to the view. Vectorworks Fundamentals provides symbol libraries that contain a number ofpre-configured hybrid symbols; alternatively, create your own hybrid objects.

A good example of a hybrid object is a door. It displays as an abstract solid in a 2D view and as a fully formed door ina 3D view.

The advantage of working with hybrid objects is that 3D models can automatically be created from 2D drawings, orvice versa. For more information on the hybrid environment and symbols, see “Understanding Symbols” on page 187.

3D View2D View

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SmartCursor

Design with precision using the SmartCursor™. By providing a series of cues (including text displayed at the cursor’scurrent location) that update with every move of the mouse, the drawing options are clear. Use the SmartCursor tocreate snaps to specific points relative to other objects or to temporarily set a new origin (datum). Draw exactperpendicular lines, angles, and more. The SmartCursor is described in detail in “Drawing with Snapping andConstraints” on page 139.

Image Preview

An image preview is used for a variety of functions, including drawing objects, placing objects, and the SmartCursor.The image preview is the image displayed as the object is drawn, after a tool has been selected or an operationinvoked, but before the object is physically placed in the drawing. The image preview may exactly resemble the objectto be placed or may be a representation of that object, such as its bounding box. During the drawing process, the imagepreview contains a feedback segment, which gathers information for display in the Data bar. Vectorworks al

15_Vectorworks.pdf

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