-
iC consulenten LLC Reytarskaya str., 37, 3rd floor, Kyiv, 04053,
Ukraine T: +38 044 38 44 337 www.ic-consulenten.com.ua
Assessment of Quality of Road Maintenance Works in Ukraine
Client
NGO My Road & Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine
Document title
Road Maintenance Quality in Kiev Region: Final Report
04.08.2015
Revision: 1
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iC consulenten Road Maintenance Quality in Kiev Region: Final
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Assessment of Quality of Road Maintenance Works in Ukraine
DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET PROJECT NUMBER:
Project number 52xUA004
PREPARED BY:
iC consulenten Ziviltechniker GesmbH Schnbrunner Strasse 297,
A-1120 Vienna Tel: +43 1 521 69 0 Fax: +43 1 521 69 180 E-Mail:
[email protected] iC consulenten LLC Reytarskaya str, 37, 3rd
floor, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine Phone: +38 044 38 44 337 E-Mail:
[email protected]
PREPARED FOR:
NGO My Road & Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine Roman
Khmil
DATE:
04.08.2015
EDITOR:
James Mathews;Oleksii Melnyk
Date Revision No. Editor Checked by Approved by Signature
24/07/ 2015 Rev. 0 Mathews/ Melnyk Useini Woetzinger
03/08/ 2015 Rev. 1 Mathews/ Melnyk Useini Woetzinger
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CONTACT SHEET
Full legal name of Organisation: iC consulenten Ziviltechniker
GesmbH
Trading Name (if different from above): ---
Country of Registration: Austria
Address of registered office: Schnbrunner Strasse 297 1120
Wien
Postal address (if different from above): ---
Telephone number: +43 1 521 69 256
country code city code Number
Fax number: +43 1 521 69 180
country code city code number
Main contact person for this project: Mr James Mathews
Main contact persons position in the Organisation:
Project Manager
Contact persons email address: [email protected]
Website of the Organisation: www.ic-group.org
Full legal name of Organisation: iC consulenten LLC
Trading Name (if different from above): ---
Country of Registration: Ukraine
Address of registered office: ave. Heorgiya Gongadze 20, 04215
Kyiv, Ukraine
Postal address (if different from above): Reytarskaya str., 37,
3rd floor, Kyiv 04053
Telephone number: +38 044 38 44 337
country code city code Number
Fax number:
country code city code number
Main contact person for this project: Elena Rybak
Main contact persons position in the Organisation:
Managing Director
Contact persons email address: [email protected]
Website of the Organisation: http://ic-consulenten.com.ua/
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CONTENT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
........................................................................................................................
1
1. Introduction
.....................................................................................................................
4
1.1. Roles and Responsibilities
..........................................................................................................
5
1.2. Cooperation
................................................................................................................................
5
1.3. Scope of work
.............................................................................................................................
6
1.4. Report structure
.........................................................................................................................
7
1.5. Sites visited
.................................................................................................................................
7
1.6. Map location
...............................................................................................................................
8
1.7. Site visit schedule, roads, contractors, supervisors,
description of the road condition. ........... 9
1.8. Information received
................................................................................................................
11
1.9. Meetings held
...........................................................................................................................
11
2. Methodology of the study
..............................................................................................
13
2.1. Methodology of the roads selected for Inspections.
...............................................................
13
2.2. Methodology of assessment and inspection
............................................................................
14
2.3. Changes in study methodology and project scope.
.................................................................
15
2.4. List of Ukrainian standards and rules for repair works
............................................................ 15
2.5. Assessment of documents received.
........................................................................................
16
2.6. Assessments of the selection procedure and methodology of
Repair methods ..................... 18
3. Findings and Results
.......................................................................................................
19
3.1. Quality inspection results summary
.........................................................................................
19
3.2. Assessments of the completed repairs
....................................................................................
30
3.3. ore samples
............................................................................................................................
33
3.4. Quantity cross check of performed works
...............................................................................
35
3.5. Summary
...................................................................................................................................
35
4.
Recommendations..........................................................................................................
40
4.1. Definition of scope and methodology of repair
works.............................................................
40
4.2. Procurement of road maintenance
..........................................................................................
44
4.3. High-level economic analyses of Ukrainian road maintenance
techniques ............................. 45
4.3.1. Economic viability of patch repairs and resurfacing
................................................................
45
4.3.2. Economic analysis of two maintenance strategies for a
sample road kilometre ..................... 46
4.3.3. Assumptions
.............................................................................................................................
47
4.3.4. Results and provisional conclusions
.........................................................................................
49
5. Methodology for forthcoming road maintenance inspection
programme for international Consultants
....................................................................................................................
51
6. Conclusions
....................................................................................................................
52
7. Appendices
....................................................................................................................
54
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7.1. APPENDIX 1. Register of Documents Received
........................................................................
54
7.2. APPENDIX 2. Minutes of meetings
...........................................................................................
59
7.3. APPENDIX 3. Example site visit check list
.................................................................................
66
7.4. APPENDIX 4. Terms of reference for future road maintenance
quality Inspection contracts . 68
7.5. APPENDIX 5. Photos of site inspections
...................................................................................
71
7.6. References and Bibliography
....................................................................................................
97
TABLES
Table 1: Site visit schedule, roads, contractors, supervisors,
description of the road condition. ........ 10 Table 2: Works
performed
....................................................................................................................
35 Table 3: Typical road deformations and destructions, causes and
solutions ....................................... 36 Table 4:
Standards requirements and road conditions
.........................................................................
39 Table 6: Typical economic road user costs vs. road roughness
levels. ................................................. 48 Table
7: Cost-Benefit Analysis results: M01 sample section
.................................................................
50
FIGURES
Figure 1: Map location
............................................................................................................................
8 Figure 2: Locations of inspected section
...............................................................................................
29 Figure 3: Patch repair
............................................................................................................................
30 Figure 4: Lack of gravel, used for spray injection method
....................................................................
32 Figure 5: Spray injection method
..........................................................................................................
32 Figure 6: Cracks repair with crack master material and covered
with stone screening dust ............... 33 Figure 7: Thickness of
the patch repair layers
.......................................................................................
34 Figure 8: Preventative maintenance and correct repair
.......................................................................
37 Figure 9: Investigation and assessment process
...................................................................................
41 Figure 10: Maintenance Treatment Options for Flexible Pavements
with Asphalt Base ..................... 42 Figure 11: Patch
procedure
...................................................................................................................
43
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
iC consulenten (the Consultant) was awarded the service contract
by the NGO My Roads on June 15, 2015 for a one month pilot project
in the Kiev region Assessment of Quality of the Road Maintenance
Works (the Project). The Project commenced on June 22, 2015 as the
first documentation was received from Ukravtodor.
iC consulenten formed an independent team consisting of an
International Expert and a Ukrainian Expert to support the regional
road administrations in performing quality /performance inspections
for road rehabilitation/maintenance works.
During the Project, nine roads of the Kyiv region were
inspected, which included 22 spot checks of performed works and two
sites with ongoing works. Inspections covered three types of roads:
International, National and Regional (Territorial), and included
those with larger scope of works, different contractors and all
types of repair works performed during the inspected period.
During the Project, the co-operation between the Ministry of
Infrastructure of Ukraine, Ukravtodor and the Consultant has been
very positive and productive.
A significant finding during the Project was that the patch
repair overall has a good quality. Three, four, five-year-old
patches and older are still in place and in relatively good
condition. The Consultant team noted that the majority of patch
repairs were in good condition and that the ones that had failed
had done so because the surrounding road had continued to fail or
because the road base layer had failed under the patch repair.
However, the spray injection repair was being over-used and/or used
in inappropriate applications such as filling deep or large
potholes. Also in many cases, stone or gravel was not being added
to the repair, which will reduce the expected life of the repair.
This type of repair was often starting to fail after just 1 or 2
years.
This demonstrates that the construction quality of the asphalt
patch repairs is sound and that the repairs are achieving and
exceeding their expected design life of 5 years. The problem
however is that in many cases the road is simply failing around the
patch repair.
During site inspections, the core samples were visually
evaluated. From a visual assessment of the core samples, it can be
seen that asphalt mixtures used for repair works at some sections
have small size gravel with particles less than 15mm that
correspond to the standard requirements to have thickness of the
compacted layer not less than a ratio of 2.5 times the diameters of
the largest gravel size. However, in another sections, the used
asphalt mixture has particles with diameter around 25mm that does
not correspond to either the Ukraine or the international
standards.
Through the course of the site investigations, the Consultant
team noted that in general, all roads have very similar problems.
Many sections of roads have structural cracks and rutting which
indicate a failure at the foundation of the road and wearing course
is fatigued and in a worn-out state.
The inability of the current road maintenance repairs to
effectively repair the damaged road is causing the road to continue
to fail. Which in turn will increase the amount of repairs required
and the severity of the failure each passing year.
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The Consultant team consider that a fundamental problem lies
with the prescription and usage of types of repair works, which
only offer short-term partial solutions and are not preventing the
continued decline of the quality of the road in the medium to
long-term. Emergency and ongoing small repair works in many
instances should be substituted with Capital repairs.
The Consultant suggests that a procedure is established to more
accurately detail the scope, quantity and location of maintenance
repair works required.
It is recommend to further develop the requirements for
execution of reports on performed works compiled by the
contractors. This will enable Ukravtodor to better inspect the
completed works, cross check estimates of material used, check that
the specified material and maintenance technique has been
implemented in the required location.
The Consultant recommends that road condition inspection methods
are implemented to develop the scope of repair works required
documents. These scope of repair works required documents could
then be used to estimate the financial cost of repair works
required and accurately specify them. This will also enable
Ukravtodor to easier crosscheck and verify the repair works
undertaken by the contractors.
It is also apparent that the majority of the repairs undertaken
in recent months were only shallow repairs of 5-6cm depth. These
shallow repairs do not solve the problems with the roads base
course or foundations. Consequently, these shallow repairs will not
prevent the road from deteriorating faster than it would do if it
were properly maintained.
It is the Consultants understanding that there is currently no
set procedure contained in the Ukrainian standards to define and
control how maintenance works are specified and defined. Although
the standards contain information on the types of pavement
investigation works to be undertaken, there is no guidance on how
this survey information is to be interpreted and how the
appropriate maintenance solution is to be chosen and specified.
It is recommend to implement a defined set of procedures and
methodology that will:
1. Provide a maintenance assessment process: Data survey and
pavement investigation results to be interpreted and analysed;
2. Decision making during evaluation of road conditions to
define type of repair; 3. Pavement treatment design. Selection of
the appropriate road maintenance
procedure and design of the repair.
The Consultant team was made aware of the limited financial
budget available for highway maintenance works and that this has
directly impacted on the type and scope of the maintenance works
being undertaken. The Consultant has considered this contributing
factor throughout the study and all of the Consultants findings and
recommendations were made with this fact in mind.
The Consultant has undertaken a high level cost comparison and
of different road maintenance scenarios:
a basic analysis of economic viability regarding the share of
road surface repaired by annual patching versus resurfacing of
larger areas;
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a more comprehensive (yet still high-level) economic analysis
for two maintenance/reconstruction scenarios for a sample kilometre
on the Ukrainian M01 road comparing the respective costs and
benefits for a 20 year operation period.
Based on the 5 years of useful life typically assumed for patch
repairs and the according price data, our findings suggest that
patching is preferable as long as the road area being patched
within this period does not exceed 54% of the total road surface.
Put differently, if each year, the average annual amount of road
surface being patched exceeds some 11% in a given section, then it
would be more economical to choose resurfacing as the primary
method of maintaining the road surface.
The Consultant has noted that on many sections of road, more
than 11% of the surface is being patched each year. Consideration
should be given to assessing the area of road needed to be patched
that year and also assessing the likely area of road which will
need to be patched the next year, in a given section. Proper
planning and coordination of road maintenance could lead to the
selection of road maintenance methods, which can deliver a more
cost effective solution.
Also, that reconstructing certain stretches of the M01 (this
road was taken only as an example for the analyses) are
economically preferable to continuing the current practice of
patching and re-patching.
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1. INTRODUCTION
The Ukraine Government is looking for solutions, which will help
to improve the Ukrainian roads conditions. As a part of reforms in
the road sector of Ukraine, the Ministry of Infrastructure, NGO My
Road implemented a Pilot Project to investigate and report on the
quality of the road maintenance in the Kiev region. This involved
the inspection of rehabilitation works in progress, the
retrospective inspection of already implemented works (during
March-May 2015), the reporting of findings, analysis and
recommendations on the quality of the road maintenance works. If
this pilot project is successful then the Ukraine Government has
indicated that it intends to expand the investigation of road
maintenance quality to include all regions of Ukraine.
As this is initially to be considered as a pilot project,
consequently the task description and methodology has been adjusted
as the project developed in accordance with the initial findings
and the availability of information.
iC consulenten was awarded the service contract by My Roads on
the 15th June 2015 for a 1 month pilot project in the Kiev region.
The Project commenced on the 22nd June, 2015 as the first
documentation was received from Ukravtodor.
iC consulenten formed an independent team of experts consisting
of an International expert and a Ukraine Expert to support the
regional road administrations in performing quality /performance
inspections for road rehabilitation/maintenance works.
This report will summarise the findings from the teams visual
inspection of recently completed road maintenance and comment on
the quality of the repairs in relation to Ukraine and international
standards. This report will also comment on the appropriateness of
the type of repair undertaken and suggest possible improvements to
the procurement and implementation of road maintenance.
Additionally, this report will also provide comment on the cost
benefit analysis of a comparison of different road maintenance
methods and scenarios.
In accordance with the agreed Terms of Reference, the Consultant
has not undertaken a financial investigation into the costs of the
road maintenance but has instead focused on the quality of the
maintenance.
The Consultant team was made aware of the limited financial
budget available for highway maintenance works and that this has
directly impacted on the type and scope of the maintenance works
being undertaken. The Consultant has considered this contributing
factor throughout the study and all of the Consultants findings and
recommendations were made with this fact in mind.
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1.1. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The table below identifies the Ministry of Infrastructure
representatives, the Consultants Key Experts and the Ukravtodors
staff members who have been involved in this study.
Company Name Function
Ministry of Infrastructure
Roman Khmil Client
Ministry of Infrastructure
Oleksii Zaryckyi Ministry representative
iC consulenten Mr. James Mathews International Highway
Engineer
iC consulenten Mr. Oleksiy Melnyk Ukraine Highway Engineer
iC consulenten Ms. Elena Rybak Principal client contact/
Director iC Ukraine
iC consulenten Ms. Galina Teriohina Project Assistant
iC consulenten Ms. Irina Omelianenko
Translator / Project administrator
Ukravtodor Oleg Fedorenko Head of Ukravtodor road service and
safety
Ukravtodor Oleg Slobodyan (OS), Deputy of the head of Road
Service department in Kyiv region
Ukravtodor Volodymyr Sarancha First Deputy to the Head of Road
Service in Kiev region
Ukravtodor Sergey Oshkalo Head of the Quality assurance,
technical control and new technologies department in Kyiv
region
Ukravtodor Anatoliy Zynka Head of Ukravtodor innovation
development and costing department
Ukravtodor Maxim Pogrebniak Head of economic monitoring of
financial and economic department
Ukravtodor Vitaliy Stiozhka Deputy Director, State enterprice
Center for scientific and technical support of road works and
certification of road products (SE DorCentr)
Ukravtodor Manitskyy Eugene Supervisor for production unit "Kyiv
Regional Road Management M01
Ukravtodor Manitskyy Eugene Supervisor for production unit "Kyiv
Regional Road Management N 07
Ukravtodor Gaydamaka Maxim Supervisor for production unit "Kyiv
Regional Road Management M 03
Ukravtodor Gaydamaka Maxim Supervisor for production unit "Kyiv
Regional Road Management T10-18
Ukravtodor Peristyy Alexander Supervisor for production unit
"Kyiv Regional Road Management N 01
Ukravtodor Gaydamaka Maxim Supervisor for production unit "Kyiv
Regional Road Management N 08
Ukravtodor Anatoly Kirichenko Supervisor for production unit
"Kyiv Regional Road Management M 07
1.2. COOPERATION
The Consultant would like to mention that the co-operation
between the Ministry of Infrastructure, Ukravtodor and the
Consultant has been very good throughout the project with all
meetings being very productive. All of the representatives of the
Ministry and Ukravtodor have endeavoured to provide us with the
information we requested in a reasonable time frame.
Representatives of the Ukravtodor have escorted
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us on site visits to personally provide additional technical
information on the roads and the road maintenance.
1.3. SCOPE OF WORK
The Consultant`s assessment of the quality of road maintenance
works in the Kiev region included the following activities: Visual
inspection of completed repairs, which were undertaken in the
period March - May and are within the contractors 1-year warrantee
period.
The following tasks were undertaken:
Visual evaluation of the suitability of the construction
materials used for patch hole fill works.
Visual assessment of the quality of the repair and the
methodology undertaken.
Visual assessment of the suitability/ appropriateness of the
repair works undertaken.
Visual evaluation of the amount of repairs undertaken on the
specified section of road.
Selection of a small number of repairs to be core drilled and
analysed in a laboratory. Core drilling and laboratory to be
organised by a third party.
Cross check of amounts and type of work undertaken against the
Reports on Performed Tasks for the corresponding section of
road.
Assessment of how the repairs of pot holes comply with relevant
EU standards and Ukraine standards such as Classification of Works
for Service of Public Roads and repairing of Public Roads, Types of
repairs and Lists of Works.
Spot check inspection of ongoing repair works.
The following tasks were planned to be undertaken:
Assessment of methodology and equipment used.
The Contractor will be required to reopen a completed repair to
allow the Consultant to inspect the quality of the repair.
Assessment of how the Classification of Works for Service of
Public Roads and Repairing of Public Roads - SOU
42.1-37641918-105:2013 Repairing of Public Roads, Types of
Repairing and List of Works - GBN G-1.218-182:2011 repairs comply
with relevant EU standards and Ukrainian standards such as
Classification of Works for Service of Public Roads and repairing
of Public Roads, Types of repairs and Lists of Works.
Visual assessment of the suitability/ appropriateness of the
repair works undertaken.
Visual evaluation of the amount of repairs undertaken on the
specified section of road.
Visual evaluation of the suitability of the construction
materials used for patch hole fill works.
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1.4. REPORT STRUCTURE
The Consultant has prepared this report to present on the
findings, assessment and recommendations following the inspection
works undertaken. For each site inspection that was performed, a
brief inspection report was prepared. This report includes the
following information for the Kiev region:
A description of the section of roads inspected and
corresponding dates along with the details of the sub-contractor
who undertook the repairs for the section.
A summary of the findings from each section of the roads
inspected
The Consultants assessments based on the visual inspections,
which will include comment on; methodology, materials, quantity of
repairs and compliance with EU and Ukraine standards.
A selective assessment of the key materials used based on the
material certificates (passports) provided by the contractor.
Material certificates are to be supplied to the Consultant prior to
the commencement of the Consultants works.
The Engineers assessment of the core samples and the laboratory
analysis. This will comment on the material used, method and
quality of the repair.
Assessment of how the repairs of pot holes comply with relevant
EU standards and Ukraine standards such as Classification of Works
for Service of Public Roads and repairing of Public Roads, Types of
repairs and Lists of Works.
Based on the results of the visual inspection, the core samples,
observing on going repairs, this report comments on the compliance
of the repairs of pot holes with EU and Ukraine standards such as
Classification of Works for Service of Public Roads and Repairing
of Public Roads - SOU 42.1-37641918-105:2013 Repairing of Public
Roads, Types of Repairing and List of Works - GBN G-1.218-182:2011.
this report will also report on the results of a cross check
against the Contractors Report on Performed Works and this will
assess descriptions of the repair works undertaken.
This report comments on the general effectiveness of the repairs
undertaken on each section of road. The Consultant will make
recommendations and suggested alternative methods of repair, which
may be more appropriate and fit for purpose.
This report outlines a suggested method statement, which will
set out, based on the Consultants experience during this pilot
project, the scope of works and methodology for the forthcoming
road maintenance inspection programme to be undertaken by
international Consultants.
1.5. SITES VISITED
As the methodology and programme for the site visits was
developed, a site visit schedule was created, that includes
different locations, categories of the roads, different
contractors, and different types of repair works. The Consultant
team visited three classes of the road international, national, and
territorial, class 1, 2 and 3 roads, different locations and
distance form Kyiv, different directions North, South, East, West,
and checked 6 different contractors. Table 1 below shows details of
site visit schedule, road names, contractors, supervisors and
general description of the road condition.
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1.6. MAP LOCATION
Figure 1: Map location Legend:
Day 1. 2015/06/24 Day 2. 2015/06/25 Day 3. 2015/06/25 Day 4.
2015/06/29 Day 5. 2015/06/30 Day 6. 2015/06/01
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1.7. SITE VISIT SCHEDULE, ROADS, CONTRACTORS, SUPERVISORS,
DESCRIPTION OF THE ROAD CONDITION.
Date Road Name
Road Category
Contractors names Supervisor Road description
1 24.06.2015 -01 1
Subsidiary production unit "Kyiv Regional Road Management
(publicly-traded corporation, public corporation)" "Roads of
Ukraine" affiliated organization "Brovary Road maintenance
Department"
Manitskiy Eugen
Road is very badly cracked, surface course is fretting and has
many small shallow holes. Road is not rutting and is relatively
even which suggests that the road foundation is not overloaded.
Fatigue cracking may indicate structural failure of base course,
which is being accelerated by water ingress.
2 24.06.2015 -07 (N-07)
2
Subsidiary production unit "Kyiv Regional Road Management
(publicly-traded corporation, public corporation)" "Roads of
Ukraine" affiliated organization "Brovary Road maintenance
Department"
Manitskiy Eugen
Road is cracked, surface course is fretting and has some shallow
potholes. Road is even and not undulating or rutting. Approx. 40%
of the road surface in this section has been patched over the last
few months
3 25.06.2014 -03, 1
Subsidiary production unit "Kyiv Regional Road Management
(publicly-traded corporation, public corporation)" "Roads of
Ukraine" affiliated organization "Kiev Road maintenance
Department"
Gaydamaka Maksym
Road was repaired with surface dressing in 2001 in this section.
In general uneven. At the connection point with Northbound P03
large area (3026,36 m2) have been repaired in April, 2015. Sections
of the resurfaced carriageway are already rutting, suggesting a
problem with the base course layers. At the tight radius turnaround
areas structure of new (2015) repaired patches is already cracking
and rutting.
4 25.06.2015 10-18 3
Subsidiary production unit "Kyiv Regional Road Management
(publicly-traded corporation, public corporation)" "Roads of
Ukraine" affiliated organization "Zgurovsky Regional road
department"
Gaydamaka Maksym
Road is cracked along both sides and across the road. Cracks are
unevenly distributed on the sections - some areas with high
density, some areas has no cracks. Cracks extend out from potholes.
Asphalt patch in a small areas along cracked sections. In newly
repaired areas cracked asphalt is still unrepaired. Road is rutting
along cracked areas.
5 26.06.2015 -01 (N-01)
2
Subsidiary production unit "Kyiv Regional Road Management
(publicly-traded corporation, public corporation)" "Roads of
Ukraine" affiliated organization "Concha-Zaspivsk Road maintenance
Department"
Peristyi Olexandr
Road is cracked, surface course is fretting. Road is even and
not undulating or rutting. Old and new patches cover the road. Road
in the past have been treated with slurry mixture. In some areas
big spaces (over 20m2) recently been repaired.
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Table 1: Site visit schedule, roads, contractors, supervisors,
description of the road condition.
Date Road Name
Road Category
Contractors names Supervisor Road description
6 29.06.2015 -05 1
Subsidiary production unit "Kyiv Regional Road Management
(publicly-traded corporation, public corporation)" "Roads of
Ukraine" affiliated organization "Bila Tserkva Road maintenance
Department"
n/a
Road is cracked, uneven, surface course is worn out, fretting,
rutting. Potholes are developing at the wheel tracks and surface is
rutting where more cracks to be beginning to appear.
7 30.06.2015 -08 (N-08)
2
Subsidiary production unit "Kyiv Regional Road Management
(publicly-traded corporation, public corporation)" "Roads of
Ukraine" affiliated organization "Kiev Road maintenance
Department"
Gaydamaka Maksym
Patch repair completed in March, 2015.Spray injection method
used in previous 1-2 years is failing. Road surface is cracked,
Cross cracks have symmetric location looks like concrete slabs
underneath. One lineal crack goes directly at the middle of the
road. Spray injection works completed in previous years are
starting to fail.
8 01.07.2015 -07 2
Subsidiary production unit "Kyiv Regional Road Management
(publicly-traded corporation, public corporation)" "Roads of
Ukraine" affiliated organization "Kyiv-Svyatoshin Road maintenance
Department." Limited Liability Company "Dorstroy installation"
Kyrychenko Anatolii
Road surface is even. Net of cracks and small size potholes.
Patch repair performed with spray injection method. On the surface
of repair small size gravel poured. Works completed in May, 2015
Some of the cracks repaired with mastic and some areas repaired
with spray injection method.
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1.8. INFORMATION RECEIVED
For each inspected road section, the following documentation was
supplied to the Consultant team by Ukravtodor and was considered as
input data:
- Reports on performed works. - Defect acts (if present) -
Material certificates and passports; - Core samples laboratory
results (if present); - List of roads sections and scope of works,
performed by contractors during last 3
month; - List of contractors, which performed the works; -
Comments from the Supervisors, who are responsible for inspected
roads; - Map of Kyiv region road network - Rejection delivery of
works, performed by Contractor (for road N-08);
Appendix 1 contains a detailed list of all documents
received.
1.9. MEETINGS HELD
A number of meetings have been held during project
implementation. Set out below is a brief summary of the key
meetings. Initial meeting. Ministry of Infrastructure, Ukravtodor,
Kyiv, Ukraine. This meeting was held on 25th of May, 2015 to
discuss the Terms of Reference and Contract details. During meeting
the Project objectives, location, scope, approach and methodology
was agreed in principle. In addition, the current situation with
the roads in Ukraine, existing procedures for works supervision,
list of information and documentation required for the Project was
discussed. Please see full version of this minutes of meeting in
Appendix 2. Introduction meeting with Motorway service department
in Kyiv region, Kyiv, Ukraine. This meeting have been held in Kyiv
on 22nd of June, 2015, after contract signature. Communication
procedures, documents transferring and site visit schedule were
discussed. During the meeting, MSDKR stated that due to that fact
that medium maintenance works are not ongoing, detailed defect
lists are not provided to the Contractor only approximate scope of
works and sections are defined (e. g. how many m2 to be repaired in
the section X-X). Currently there are no detailed description of
works to be performed, methods to be applied are contractors
decision. Also, it was agreed that Motorway Servicer Department in
Kyiv region will provide laboratory core samples analysis at the
locations which are to defined by the Consultant experts. Please
see full version of this minutes of meeting in Appendix 2. Meetings
with local experts: Oleg Ostroverhyi. NGO My road expert. In the
meeting, the current situation and condition of the roads were
discussed. Types of repair works, methodology used by Ukravtodor.
Existing standards and norms in road
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design, construction and maintenance. Organization structure of
Ukravtodors quality control system. Sergey Kuzmenko. NGO My road.
Road traffic and roads current condition were discussed. Interim
meeting with Ministry of Infrastructure, Roman Khmil. Kyiv,
Ukraine. 02, July, 2015. Project findings to date and status
update. Next steps to be taken by team to undertake the study in
the most efficient way. It was agreed that investigation works will
be to discontinue with further inspections of completed works and
instead to focus on looking into the methodology of prescribing
repair works and the definition of the repair works, which are
contracted. Laboratory core samples and terms for Project Report
and final presentation were also agreed. Please see full version of
this minutes of meeting in Appendix 2. Meetings during site visits
with Supervisors on quality of repair works During all site visits,
The Consultant team were accompanied by the Road Supervisors,
responsible for the road maintenance works quality control from
Kyiv regional road service department for the relevant road. During
these meetings, the current situation of the inspected roads was
discussed and additional information received from the road
supervisors including:
- location of repaired sections were specified; - year of
construction or capital repair (if available); - maintenance works
from previous periods type of repair, methodology; - how repaired
sections were defined, which parts to be repaired; - methods, used
for recent repair works; - how supervision of works performs and
how the scope of work is checked.
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2. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
2.1. METHODOLOGY OF THE ROADS SELECTED FOR INSPECTIONS.
Based on the initial information received from the ministry and
Ukravtodor, the following methodology was developed in order to
define the roads, locations and sections to be inspected by the
Consultant expert team.
1. Information was supplied by the Ministry, which contained
details of the extent and locations of the road maintenance repairs
from March until June.
2. These initial documents, issued by the Ministry to the
experts, included: a. Road Defect act sheets; b. Reports on the
performed works for the last three months; c. Repair works
schedule; d. Road map of Kiev region; e. Materials certificates and
passports, used by Contractor to perform
repair works; f. List of Contractors, which performed the
works.
3. The following types of the road were considered: a. Class 1:
M International road (5% of all roads of Ukraine); b. Class 2: H -
national road (3% of all roads of Ukraine); c. Class 3: T
territorial roads (18% of all roads of Ukraine).
4. Scope of works, performed by Contractors on the defined
sections of the road
a. The scope of the repair works and the amount of repair works
were considered.
5. Road direction: North, West, South, East and distance from
Kiev. 6. Type and methods of repair: asphalt patch, cracks repair,
spray injection
method, resurfacing.
After analysis of the received information, it was decided that
the inspection sites should include:
- Four directions: East, South, West, North. This criteria will
allow the inclusion of different types of topography and traffic
conditions at different quarters of the region;
- Three types of roads: International, National and Regional
(Territorial). This criteria will allow the inspection of the road
maintenance quality of different road construction thicknesses and
traffic levels;
- Sections of roads where a larger scope of works was performed
during last three month. This criteria allows the inspection of
larger sections during limited time of the Project;
- The different types of repair works. It is important to
evaluate methods, approach and quality of all types of repair to
see the difference between them and to find out what type of repair
are efficient, and what may be improved.
As a result of the above criteria, the following list of roads
was draw up:
- M-01 International road in North direction, 1st category,
amount of repair works 5460m2;
- N-07 (H-07) - national road in North - East direction, 2nd
category, amount of repair works 2360m2;
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- M-03 international road in East direction, 1st category,
amount of repair works 756m2;
- T-10-18 local road in East direction, 3rd category, amount of
repair works 467m2;
- N-08 (H-08) national road in East- South direction, 2nd
category, amount of repair works 3639m2;
- N-01 (H-01) national road in South - East direction, 2nd
category, amount of repair works 7125,2m2;
- M-05 international road in South direction, 1st category,
amount of repair works 10350,4m2;
- M-07 international road in West direction, 2nd category,
amount of repair works 703m2.
2.2. METHODOLOGY OF ASSESSMENT AND INSPECTION
The received documentary information was analysed and the
following methodology was implemented by the Consultant team:
- Assessment of standards and rules for repair works.
Consultants analysed
existing Ukrainian standards for repair works. The document,
described type and methods of repair works is P-G.1-218-113:2009
Public roads repair and maintenance works. Based on this document a
comparison of the actual road condition in relation to the road
condition required by the standards and a comparison of methods
used for repair works and methods described in standard have been
performed.
- An assessment of the road maintenance repair in relation to
international standards. Specifically the UK standards the Design
manual for Roads and Bridges document HD 31/94.
- Assessment of received documentation to confirm that: o The
scope of works and methods for road repair were defined in an
appropriate way; o The materials used for works correspond to
national standards
(based on material certificates); o The previously performed
laboratory tests correspond to national
standards.
During the site inspection of completed maintenance works, the
following inspection methodology was implemented by the Consultant
team:
- Visual inspection of recently repaired sections. For this
purpose special
form of Site visit check list was developed (see Appendix 3), in
which the following information was recorded:
o Date, time, location, class of the road; o Condition of the
road description of general conditions of the
road/ section, how it visually looks, quality of the road,
repairs (recently performed and from previous periods), potholes on
the section. All details of visual inspection written and photos
prepared;
o Possible cause of road failure visually to evaluate possible
cause of road problems: cracks, potholes, rutting, etc. Based on
expert assumptions and table 2.4 of VBN V.2.3-218-186:2004
Roads
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Bituminous pavement cause of road failure specified. Further
laboratory tests would be required to have clear understanding of
the failure;
o Type of repair, methodology and materials used; o
Appropriateness of repair recently performed works as well as
repairs, performed in previous years; o Visual assessment of
methodology to check compliance with local
and international standards; o Description of repair quality,
both the recent repairs and the repairs
from previous years; o Notes and necessity to perform core
samples for laboratory tests;
- Photo report of the inspected sections.
2.3. CHANGES IN STUDY METHODOLOGY AND PROJECT SCOPE.
During the course of the initial phases of the study and after
meetings with the Ministry and Ukravtodor and following receipt of
the requested information, the Consultant team decided that it will
be necessary to adjust the methodology of the study. For site
visits, the following changes were implemented:
- Cross check of defect lists against visual inspection of road.
The Consultant discovered that the defect list is exactly the same
as the act of performed works record. There was no proper
description of the state of the road to be repaired or a definition
of the scope of works before execution. Thus, it was not possible
to check how the scope of repair works is defined in defect
acts;
- Area of repair section it was not possible to quantify the
amount of repairs, as acts of performed works records were
organized without details on the location of the individual repairs
and lacked sufficient detail. Also the sections of road repair are
so long that it would not be feasible to undertake a re-measure of
the areas of patch repairs;
- Difference between report on performed works and site
inspection reports on performed works do not have sufficient
details on the precise location of individual repairs, thus no
possibility to track differences.
2.4. LIST OF UKRAINIAN STANDARDS AND RULES FOR REPAIR WORKS
The following standards are in use for repair and maintenance
works and were considering during assessment of works methodology,
materials used and type or repair:
1. DBN B.2.3.-4-2007 Transport facilities. Roads and Motorways.
Part 1. Design. Part 2. Construction. This standard describes the
methodology and design parameters for the public roads and
motorways construction, capital reconstruction and repair
works.
2. DSTU 3587-97 Road traffic safety. Automobile roads, streets
and railway crossings. The requirements to operation condition.
This standard sets the requirements to road operating condition.
Consultants assessment of roads condition and comparability to
national standards was undertaken with reference this document.
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3. DSTU B V.2.7-127:2006 Building materials. Stone mastic road
concrete mix and stone mastic asphalt. Specifications. Using this
standard, the Consultants checked the materials certificates,
passports and tickets on the correspondence to national
standards.
4. DSTU B V.2.7-119:2003 Building materials. Asphaltic concrete
mixtures, road and aerodromes asphaltic concrete. Specification.
Using this standard, the Consultants checked materials certificate,
passports and tickets on the correspondence to national
standards.
5. SOU 42.1-37641918-105:2013 Classification of Works for
Service of Public Roads and Repairing of Public Roads. This
standard contains a list of activities and types of emergency works
applied on the roads.
6. GBN G-1.218-182:2011 Repairing of Public Roads, Types of
Repairing and List of Works. In this standard is a description of
repair works types: capital, ongoing small, ongoing medium and list
of works for each type of repair.
7. VBN G.1-218-050-2001 Repair interval for road coatings and
surface for the roads of public use. Standard describes intervals
for repair and maintenance works after capital and medium repair
works.
8. VBN V.2.3-218-532:2007 Thin surfacing on the roads of
nationwide scale In this standard usage of thin surfacing
application and methods described type of materials and thickness
allowed.
9. VBN V.2.3-218-186:2004 Roads Bituminous pavement. Standard
describe requirements to the design and condition evaluation of
road surface.
10. P-G.1-218-113:2009 Public roads repair and maintenance
works. Technical rules. In this standard requirements to the road
condition for comfortable, safe, continuous movement. Rules set
requirements for road surface condition, type and methods of repair
works and maintenance of the road.
2.5. ASSESSMENT OF DOCUMENTS RECEIVED.
Defect acts. The Consultant was provided with the defect acts by
Ukravtodor for the sections of road to be inspected. The defect
acts received by the Consultant team, were simply copies of the
acts of performed works records but the costs removed. The
Consultant team was also informed by Ukravtodor that for the repair
works, the scope and a description of works and defect acts are
provided upon completion of the works at the section by the
contractor. Such an approach didnt allow the Consultant team to
provide an comparison or cross check of the amount of repairs
undertaken at the section in relation to the defect acts and
reports on performed works.
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The Consultant team had expected to be provided with a report on
the condition of the road section selected for repair, which
contained a description of the road failure and a specification of
the types of repair to be implemented at specific locations along
the road along with approximate measurements of the repair work
required.
Reports on performed acts. The Consultant was provided with the
reports on the performed acts by Ukravtodor for the sections of
road to be inspected. The reports were executed in KB-2 form
according to the requirements for State owned companies. A report
on the performed acts consists of information on the road name,
section, Contractor assigned to, type and scope of repair works
undertaken, materials used, unit rates and cost of works. The
reports are compiled on a monthly basis and contain information on
the works undertaken in the month on the specific road. Each report
is prepared for the whole section of the road, which is in the
responsibility of the contractor and there were locations of the
repaired sections/ potholes defined. Few sites contained drawings
and list of patch repairs, where location and amount of performed
works described. Due to the extremely long sections of road
repaired and the lack of properly defined repair locations, it was
not possible to provide cross check of amounts and type of work
undertaken against the Reports on performed works for the
corresponding section of the road. This problem was further
compounded by the fact that the same lengths of roads had been
repaired on separate occasions on different months and it was there
for impossible to distinguish between a repair undertaken in May
from a repair undertaken in March and compare the repair to the
appropriate report on the act of performed works. The Consultant
undertook a cross check of the methods of repair works as described
on the act of performed works reports. The methods are clearly
described and are in full compliance with Ukraine standards
(P-G.1-218-113:2009 Public roads repair and maintenance works)
Materials certificates and tickets (passports) Each act of
performance report contains Materials certificates and tickets of
the mixtures, bitumen, and gravel used by the contractor during
maintenance work execution. The Consultant team under took a cross
check of the materials used as described on the material passports
against the Ukraine standards. The recommendation on the type of
materials to use for the repair works can be found in
P-G.1-218-113:2009 Public roads repair and maintenance works and
DSTU B V.2.7-127:2006 Construction materials. Asphalt cement and
asphalt concrete mixtures. Technical requirements. Based on the
analysis of received documentation material certificates, tickets
all materials, used for repair works correspond to national
standards. The Consultant noted that there are often several
different types of material used on each section of road but the
reports do not specify which material was used in which location
and for what type of repair.
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Laboratory analysis On the M03 a capital repair resurfacing work
had been undertaken and as part of these works core samples had
been taken by Ukravtodor and laboratory analysis executed. The
Consultant team were provided with copies of the laboratory test
results and the Consultants undertook a check against compliance
with standards requirements (DSTU B V.2.7-127:2006 Construction
materials. Asphalt cement and asphalt concrete mixtures. Technical
requirements) no deviations were found, all characteristics of
laboratory test fully comply with the existing standards in
Ukraine.
2.6. ASSESSMENTS OF THE SELECTION PROCEDURE AND METHODOLOGY OF
REPAIR METHODS
Methodology of repair works described in Ukraine Standards (5,
6, 7, 10). Standards describe:
- types of repair works: capital repair, ongoing medium and
small, emergency repair works;
- intervals for repair works; - list and type of methods for
repair works; - maintenance activities; - criteria to evaluate road
condition;
Standards do not have:
- identification of possible maintenance schemes; - decision
making guidance during evaluation of road condition to define
type
of repair; - selection procedure of most suitable repair method
to be applied; - repair design requirements; - requirements to
consider economic implications of selection of maintenance
procedure.
Actual process of repair works include: - procurement of a
service contract with contractor for a period of one year. In
contract sections and roads to be maintained and budget defined;
- contractor is instructed to provide repair works in the defined
sections; - road supervisor provide assessment on the scope of
works in cooperation
with contractor; - depending on financing available, section
supervisor and contractor define
most urgent area for repair and type of repair works; -
supervisor not always present at the ongoing works; - scope of
works inspected by supervisor considering information of
materials
used for repair works.
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3. FINDINGS AND RESULTS
3.1. QUALITY INSPECTION RESULTS SUMMARY
During the quality inspection of the completed road maintenance
repairs for each road section, a Site visit check list was
completed. An example site visit check list is contained in
Appendix 3 Set out below is a summary of the findings from each
section and road inspection, type of repair used, quality,
appropriateness and effectiveness of repair works, road failure and
the possible cause of the road failures. A Map of the inspected
locations is included as Fig. 2.
Day 1. 2015/06/24 Road M-01. International road, class 1.
Section KM 18+730-20 North Road condition. Road is very badly
cracked, surface course is fretting and has many small shallow
holes. Road is not rutting and is relatively even which suggests
that the road foundation is stable. Cause of road failure. Road
surface is worn out. Failure could be caused by very old asphalt
surface becoming brittle. Water ingress through cracks could be
causing freeze thaw action to destroy surface course. Fatigue
cracking may indicate structural failure of base course. Type of
repair, materials and method used. Spray injection and asphalt
patch using asphalt or asphalt emulsion Repair quality. Repairs
have been carried out on top of previous pothole repairs. Patches
are level and even and appear to be in good condition. Older patch
repairs from previous years are still in good condition. This
suggests a good quality patch repair. The spray injection repairs
are already being worn away. No evidence of stone or gravel being
applied with spray injection. Appropriateness of repair. The road
surface is worn out. Patches and spray repairs have not covered all
of the cracks and small holes. Water will still ingress and freeze
thaw action in the winter months will further damage this aged and
brittle road pavement. Areas of densely packed patch and spray
repairs. Consideration should be given to a resurfacing or
reconstruction of asphalt layers in this section. This is not
considered to be a cost effective maintenance strategy. Section KM
25-27-31 North Road condition. Road is very badly cracked, surface
course is fretting and has many small shallow holes. Road is not
rutting and is relatively even which suggests that the road
foundation is stable. Cause of road failure. Road surface is worn
out. Failure could be caused by very old asphalt surface becoming
brittle. Water ingress through cracks could be causing freeze thaw
action to destroy surface course. Fatigue cracking may indicate
structural failure of base course.
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Type of repair, materials and method used. Spray injection and
asphalt patch. From visual inspection only, Asphalt or Asphalt
emulsion. Throw and roll asphalt patches have straight cut edges.
Spray injection repairs do not have cut edges. Repair quality.
Repairs have been carried out on top of previous pothole repairs.
Patches are level and even and appear to be in good condition.
Older patch repairs from previous years are still in good
condition. This suggests a good quality patch repair. The spray
injection repairs from previous years are already being worn away.
No evidence of stone or gravel being applied with spray injection.
Appropriateness of repair. The road surface is worn out. Patches
and spray repairs have not covered all of the cracks and small
holes. Water will still ingress and freeze thaw action in the
winter months will further damage this aged and brittle road
pavement. Areas of densely packed patch and spray repairs.
Consideration should be given to a resurfacing or reconstruction of
asphalt layers in this section. This is not considered to be a cost
effective maintenance strategy. Section KM 29 South Road condition.
Road is badly cracked, surface course is fretting and has some
shallow holes. Road is even and not undulating or rutting. Road
section is completely covered in patch repairs. The sections of
road which are not patched are badly cracked. Cause of road
failure. Road surface is worn out. Failure could be caused by very
old asphalt surface becoming brittle. Water ingress from standing
water through cracks could be causing freeze thaw action to destroy
surface course. Road is even which suggests that the road
foundation is satisfactory. Fatigue cracking may indicate
structural failure of base course. Type of repair, materials and
method used. Asphalt patch. From visual inspection only, Asphalt
and Bitumen emulsion. Throw and roll asphalt patches have straight
cut edges. Spray injection repairs have no cut edges. Repair
quality. Patches are level and even and appear to be in good
condition. Many patch repairs from previous years are still in good
condition. This suggests a good quality patch repair. Some patches
from previous years have failed. Spray injection repairs from
previous years have started to fail. The repairs do not cover all
of the cracks and holes. Appropriateness of repair. The road
surface is worn out. Patches have not covered all of the cracks and
small holes. Water will still ingress and freeze thaw action in the
winter months will further damage this aged and brittle road
pavement. Road section is completely covered in patch repairs.
Patch repairs are on top of patch repairs from previous years.
Consideration should be given to reconstruction of asphalt layers
in this section. This is not considered to be a cost effective
maintenance strategy. Summary for the road M-01. Road surface is
worn out. In some areas - weak foundation layers should be
considered to be repaired. In general the whole section sections of
the surface course and most likely also the base course and
possibly the road foundation need to be replaced. The amount of
work needed to properly repair the road can only be determined by a
series of road investigation tests. Day 1. 2015/06/24 Road H-07.
National road, class 2. Section KM 32+300 East
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Road condition. Road is very badly cracked, surface course is
fretting and has many small shallow holes. Evidence of standing
water. Road is undulating which suggests problems with road
foundation layers. Cause of road failure. Road surface is worn out.
Failure could be caused by very old asphalt surface becoming
brittle. Water ingress from standing water through cracks could be
causing freeze thaw action to destroy surface course. Road is
undulating which suggests problems with road foundation layers.
Type of repair, materials and method used. Asphalt patch. From
visual inspection only, asphalt. Throw and roll asphalt patches
have straight cut edges. Repair quality. Patches are level and even
and appear to be in good condition. Older patch repairs from
previous years are still in good condition. This suggests a good
quality patch repair. One patch repair from three years previous
has failed. Appropriateness of repair. The road surface is worn
out. Patches have not covered all of the cracks and small holes.
Water will still ingress and freeze thaw action in the winter
months will further damage this aged and brittle road pavement.
Areas of densely packed patch repairs. Consideration should be
given to reconstruction of asphalt layers in this section. This is
not considered to be a cost effective maintenance strategy. Section
KM35+000 Road condition. Road is very badly cracked, surface course
is fretting and has many small shallow holes. Evidence of standing
water. Road is undulating which suggests problems with road
foundation layers Cause of road failure. Road surface is worn out.
Failure could be caused by very old asphalt surface becoming
brittle. Water ingress from standing water through cracks could be
causing freeze thaw action to destroy surface course. Road is
undulating which suggests problems with road foundation layers.
Type of repair, materials and method used. Asphalt patch. From
visual inspection only, asphalt. Throw and roll asphalt patches
have straight cut edges. Repair quality. Patches are level and even
and appear to be in good condition. Older patch repairs from
previous years are still in good condition. This suggests a good
quality patch repair. Appropriateness of repair. The road surface
is worn out. Patches have not covered all of the cracks and small
holes. Water will still ingress and freeze thaw action in the
winter months will further damage this aged and brittle road
pavement. Areas of densely packed patch repairs. Consideration
should be given to reconstruction of asphalt layers in this
section. This is not considered to be a cost effective maintenance
strategy. Section KM 43, West Road condition. Road is cracked,
surface course is fretting and has some shallow holes. Road is even
and not undulating or rutting. Approx. 40% of the road surface in
this section has been patched over the last few months. Cause of
road failure. Road surface is worn out. Failure could be caused by
very old asphalt surface becoming brittle. Water ingress from
standing water through cracks could be causing freeze thaw action
to destroy surface course. Road is even which suggests that the
road foundation is satisfactory. Fatigue cracking may indicate
structural failure of base course. Type of repair, materials and
method used. Asphalt patch. From visual inspection only, Asphalt.
Throw and roll asphalt patches have straight cut edges.
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Repair quality. Patches are level and even and appear to be in
good condition. Older patch repairs from previous years are still
in good condition. This suggests a good quality patch repair. Some
patches are over 10m2. Appropriateness of repair. The road surface
is worn out. Patches have not covered all of the cracks and small
holes. Water will still ingress and freeze thaw action in the
winter months will further damage this aged and brittle road
pavement. Approx. 40% of the road surface in this section has been
patched over the last few months. Consideration should be given to
reconstruction of asphalt layers in this section. This is not
considered to be a cost effective maintenance strategy. Summary for
the road H-07. Road surface is worn out. Foundation of the road is
weak. The whole section requires capital repair. Day 2. 2015/06/25
Road M-03. International road. Class 1 Section 19+800 20 East,
built in 2004 Road condition. Road is in a good condition, no
systematic cracks, no potholes, no rutting. Existing cracks are
filled with bitumen. In some areas two-three year old asphalt patch
repair is performing well and in a good condition no cracks or
fretting. Cause of road failure. Failure on this section could be
caused by heavy truck on first two lanes, as on the 3rd and 4th
lanes there are almost no cracks. Depth of cracks is unclear Type
of repair, materials and method used. Cracks filling with bitumen.
Spray Injection, Asphalt patch, Asphalt (for 2012-2013 repair),
Bitumen spray. Old asphalt patches have straight cut edges, no
cracks appeared. Cracks filled with bitumen in a proper way and no
gaps. Repair quality. Cracks repair is even and looks tight. Spray
injection repairs are failing on the surfaces and already squeezed
out. This may be due to the repair being too deep for this method.
Appropriateness of repair. Asphalt patch and cracks repair is
appropriate for road condition. Spray injection method better to be
replaced on asphalt patch. No evidence of stone or gravel being
applied with spray injection. Section 41+300 45, East Road
condition. Road was repaired with surface dressing in 2001 in this
section (micro surfacing with 20 mm thickness). In general uneven.
At the connection point with Northbound P03 large area (3026,36 m2
according to acts of performed works) have been repaired in April,
2015. Sections of the resurfaced carriageway are already rutting,
suggesting a problem with the base course layers. At the tight
radius turnaround areas structure of new (2015) repaired patches is
already cracking and rutting. Cause of road failure. Base course
layer has not been replaced in the last capital repair and may be
damaged, possibly by heavy truck traffic. Type of repair, materials
and method used. Asphalt inlay 6cm thick. Asphalt. Cutting old
material and edges. Asphalt inlay machine laid. Repair quality.
Asphalt patch looks performed in a proper way cut edges and primed
Appropriateness of repair. New inlay has signs of rutting, a deeper
repair and also repair of road foundation may have also been
required. At the turn around area, new asphalt has cracks due to
heavy tracks and lateral forces of turning trucks. Stronger
material could have been applied in this area.
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Summary for the road M-03. Section 18-35 is in a good condition.
Cost benefit analysis for preventive maintenance recommended for
this section using of surfacing will allow increase life cycle of
the section. For the section 41+300-45+000 is recommended capital
repair works as heavy traffic transit damages newly rolled asphalt.
Use of stronger material recommended in the section, where
turnabout is located. Day 2. 2015/06/25 Road T-10-18. Local road,
class 3. Section 55+000 70, East Road condition. Road is cracked
along both sides and across the road. Cracks are unevenly
distributed on the sections - some areas with high density, some
areas has no cracks. Cracks lead to potholes. Asphalt patch in a
small areas along cracked straps. In newly repaired areas cracked
asphalt create new potholes. Road is rutting along cracked areas.
Cause of road failure. Old road surface is worn out. Failure could
be causing by rutting and cracks to be appear. Cracks leads to
water ingress and following destroy of surface course. Type of
repair, materials and method used. Asphalt patch, performed in
local small patches. Asphalt. Cutting old material and edges. Throw
and roll asphalt. Repair quality. Asphalt patch looks performed in
a proper way cut edges and primed, in some areas edges are uneven
and new asphalt overlap old in unappropriated way. Appropriateness
of repair. In general whole section require capital repair due to
amount of cracks. Cracks near new patches asphalt allows water to
go under, there is a risk of damage of patches in a season, and new
potholes to be appear. Optionally all cracks to be repaired. Not
all of the heavily cracked and damaged sections of road have been
repaired by the patches. Summary for the road T-10-18. Section
55+000-70 requires capital repair work including foundation repair.
Day 3. 2015.06.26 Road H-01. National road. Class 2. Section South
KM 34+800 45 Road condition. Road is cracked, surface course is
fretting. Road is even and not undulating or rutting. Old and new
patches cover the road. Road in the past have been treated with
slurry mixture. In some areas big spaces (over 20m2) recently been
repaired. Cause of road failure. Road surface is worn out. Road is
even which suggests that the road foundation is satisfactory.
Fatigue cracking may indicate structural failure of base course.
Type of repair, materials and method used. Asphalt patch. Asphalt.
Repair quality. In general patches are level and even and appear to
be in good condition. In some patches new layer is lower than old
one - this suggest that besecourse (or roadbase) to be weak. Old
patches looks in a good condition no cracks. This suggests a good
quality patch repair. Some patches are over 5m2.
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Appropriateness of repair. The road surface is worn out. Patches
have not covered all of the cracks and small holes. Water will
still ingress and freeze thaw action in the winter months will
further damage this aged and brittle road pavement. Consideration
should be given to reconstruction of asphalt layers in this section
and revision of basecourse and roadbase. This is not considered to
be a cost effective maintenance strategy Section South KM 53+000
61+300 Road condition. Road is cracked, surface course is worn out
and fretting. On the downhills and uphill undulation appeared.
Rolls of asphalt along the right sides of the road. Cause of road
failure. Road surface is worn out. It looks like during hot period
heavy trucks roll out asphalt, creating rutting and roll asphalt
out. Also, roadbase is weak to carry the upper layers with
loadings. Type of repair, materials and method used. Asphalt patch.
Cold Asphalt. Asphalt. Throw and roll asphalt, cutting edges Repair
quality. In this section cold asphalt have been poured during the
cold season. Material is looks solid after several month on the
road. Also, old patches carry the heavy loads and in a good
condition Appropriateness of repair. The road surface is worn out.
Patches have not covered all rutting along the road. Section
requires capital repair of the roadbase and asphalt. Section South
KM 81+000 82+300 Road condition. Road is badly cracked, surface
course is worn out and fretting. Cracks created along wheelspan.
Section has new patch repair. Also patches of 2, 3, 4 years old on
the section. Rutting and cracks are appear at the new patched
areas. Cause of road failure. Road surface is worn out. As road is
even the cause of failure could be very old asphalt. New rutting
gives an idea that roadbase to be inspected. Type of repair,
materials and method used. Asphalt patch. From visual inspection
only asphalt. Throw and roll asphalt, cutting edges. Repair
quality. Patches has straight edges and signs of bituminous at the
edges. Appropriateness of repair. The road surface is worn out.
Cracks not repaired, that will lead to new potholes after water
ingress and freeze thaw action in the winter months. Patch repair
will not solve the problems of the section and resurfacing or
capital repair is advised. Section North KM 64+000 66+000 Road
condition. Road is cracked, surface course is worn out and
fretting. Big areas (over 20%) are patched on the section. Potholes
appear at the wheelspan and rutting. Cause of road failure. Road
surface is worn out. Road is uneven. New rutting gives an idea that
roadbase to be inspected. Type of repair, materials and method
used. Asphalt patch. From visual inspection, asphalt. Throw and
roll asphalt, cutting edges. Repair quality. Patches has straight
edges and signs of bituminous at the edges. Patches are level and
even. In general, patch repair has good quality. Appropriateness of
repair. The road surface is worn out. Roadbase to be proper
inspected and capitally repaired if necessary. Cracks repair in
such amount and condition is considered as not cost effective
method. It is reasonable to resurface asphalt or reconstruct the
road.
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Summary for the road H-01. All inspected sections of the road
requires capital repair works including foundation repair. Day 4.
2015/06/29 M-05. International road. Class 1 Section South KM
101+650 102+000 Road condition. Road is cracked, uneven, surface
course is worn out, fretting, rutting. Potholes appear at the wheel
tracks and rutting where more cracks to be appear. Cause of road
failure. Road surface is worn out. Cracks allows water ingress and
by causing freeze thaw action destroy surface course. New rutting
gives an idea that road base needs to be inspected. Type of repair,
materials and method used. Asphalt patch. From visual inspection,
asphalt. Throw and roll asphalt, cutting edges. Repair quality.
Patch has straight edges. Patch is level and even. In general,
patch repair has good quality. Appropriateness of repair. The road
surface is worn out. At the surface of repaired patch new wheels
tracks to appear. It looks like repair of wearing course is not
effective at this section. Section South KM 107+500 108+000 Road
condition. Road is cracked, uneven, rutting. Areas covered in
previous patch repair with new patches around. Cause of road
failure. Road surface is worn out, old. Cracks allows water ingress
and by causing freeze thaw action destroy surface course. Also, as
cause could be heavy traffic. Type of repair, materials and method
used. Asphalt patch. From visual inspection, asphalt. Throw and
roll asphalt, cutting edges. Repair quality. Patch has straight
edges. Patch is level and even. Appropriateness of repair. The road
surface is worn out. At the surface of repaired patch new wheel
tracks to appear. Section North KM 90+500 92+000 Road condition.
Road is cracked. Areas covered in patch repair of previous years.
Cause of road failure. Road surface is worn out, old. Cracks allows
water ingress and by causing freeze thaw action destroy surface
course. Heavy traffic could be as a cause. Type of repair,
materials and method used. Spray injection. Bitumen and stones.
Spray injection of bitumen and stone. Repair quality. Bitumen with
gravel have been injected at the cracks (small potholes (diam. less
than 50cm)). Not all area of cracks repaired. Appropriateness of
repair. Repair works will not influence at the whole situation at
the road with many cracks around. In a period of 2-3 month after
works completion, repaired surface is worn out. Summary for the
road M-05. Road requires capital repair, some section need road
foundation repair. Day 5. 2015/06/30
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Road H-08. National road, class 2. Section South East KM 1+900
2+000 Road condition. Road in cracks. Section supervisor did not
accept Works as wrong materials used. Cause of road failure. Road
surface and is worn out. It looks like cause of the problem is road
base. Type of repair, materials and method used. Cracks repair.
Bitumen. Filling cracks with liquid bitumen. Repair quality.
Material, used for repair has low quality. Appropriateness of
repair. Method, used for repair works is an unappropriated.
Material is leaking from cracks at the hot temperature. Section
South East KM 8+000 9+000 Road condition. Road is cracked, even.
Cross cracks have symmetric location looks like concrete slabs
underneath. One lineal crack goes directly at the middle of the
road. Spray injection works completed in previous years does not
look good. Cause of road failure. Road surface is old. Could be the
cause of weak roadbase. Type of repair, materials and method used.
Crack filling with mastic and small size (3-5mm) gravel on top.
Mastic and stones. Blow of hot air in the crack for cleaning and
drying. Cracks filled with mastic and covered with gravel of 3-5mm
size. Crackmaster material used. Spray injection method of previous
years. Repair quality. In a three month period since works
completed quality of repair works is good. Appropriateness of
repair. Method, used for crack repair is appropriate. Section South
East KM 32+900 33+000 Road condition. Patch repair completed in
March, 2015.Spray injection method used in previous 1-2 years is
crippled. Many cracks on the road and small size potholes and
pitting. Rutting. Cause of road failure. Road surface and is worn
out. It looks like roadbase need repaired. Type of repair,
materials and method used. Patch repair. From visual inspection
Asphalt. Cutting and cleaning of potholes. Cutting edges. Lay and
roll asphalt. Repair quality. Repaired areas has straight edges and
well compacted. Appropriateness of repair. Patch repair, performed
this year is sinking. This repair works will not solve the problem
with layers underneath. Rutting is suggest that problem in the
roadbase. Cracks around repaired areas will let water ingress and
continue to destroy wearing course. Summary for the road H-08. Some
sections of the road requires surface treatment and some capital
repair including foundation repair. Day 6. 2015/07/01 Road M-07.
International road, class 2. Section West KM 24+000 25+000 Road
condition. Road surface is even. Net of cracks and small size
potholes. Some of the cracks repaired with mastic and some areas
repaired with spray injection method.
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Cause of road failure. Structural cracking possibly caused by
road design traffic being exceeded or possibly thermal cracking.
Type of repair, materials and method used. Spray injection. Cracks
repair. From visual inspection Mastic and gravel for cracks and
bitumen emulsion with gravel for spray injection method. Cutting
(width and depth - 12-15mm) and cleaning of cracks with filling of
mastic (200C) and pouring of small size gravel. Spray injection.
Repair quality. Repaired cracks in a month after repair looks good
and no damages appear. Appropriateness of repair. Cracks repair is
appropriate. Section West KM 66+300 Road condition. Road surface is
even. Net of cracks and small size potholes. Patch repair performed
with spray injection method. On the surface of repair small size
gravel poured. Works completed in May, 2015. Cause of road failure.
Probably road base is weak or failure in the wearing course.
Structural cracking possibly caused by road design traffic being
exceeded or possibly thermal cracking. Type of repair, materials
and method used. Spray injection. From visual inspection bitumen
emulsion and gravel. Spray injection of bitumen emulsion and
gravel. Repair quality. In this location, sprayed emulsion covered
with gravel, which will protect emulsion in the future.
Appropriateness of repair. Local repair does not cover all cracks
around and water will continue to ingress and destroy wearing
course with freeze thaw action. The remaining cracks should be
sealed or the wearing course replaced. Section West KM 74+900 Road
condition. Road is even and no rutting. Road has small cracks,
small size shallow potholes, Patch repair works completed in May,
2015. Cause of road failure. Road surface is worn out. Type of
repair, materials and method used. Patch repair. From visual
inspection asphalt. Cutting asphalt, edges. Lay and roll asphalt.
Repair quality. In a month since works completed patches looks
good- no cracks or holes. Appropriateness of repair. Local repair
does not cover all cracks around and water will continue to ingress
and destroy wearing course with freeze thaw action Around recently
repaired patches new potholes appear as old asphalt is continue to
destroy. The remaining cracks should be sealed or the wearing
course replaced. Summary for the road M-07. Some sections at the
road requires re-surfacing, some sections to be repaired including
foundation of the road.
Day 7. 2015/07/21 Road H-07. National road, class 2. Section
Westbound KM 50 Road condition. Road is cracked, surface course is
fretting and has some shallow holes. Road is even and not
undulating or rutting. Road surface in this section has been
patched over the last few years.
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Cause of road failure. Road surface is worn out. Failure could
be caused by very old asphalt surface becoming brittle. Water
ingress through cracks could be causing freeze thaw action to
destroy surface course. Road is even which suggests that the road
foundation is satisfactory. Fatigue cracking may indicate
structural failure of base course. Type of repair, materials and
method used. Asphalt patch. From visual inspection asphalt. Cutting
potholes, cutting edges and debris removal. Cleaning with
compressed air. Grounding with bitumen. Throw and roll asphalt.
Repair quality. Asphalt mixture has temperature lower, that in
material ticket. Equipment used for repair works is old and has low
quality for cutting and rolling. Appropriateness of repair. The
road surface is worn out. Patches have not covered all of the
cracks and small holes. Water will still ingress and freeze thaw
action in the winter months will further damage this aged and
brittle road pavement. This is not considered to be a cost
effective maintenance strategy. Day 8. 2015/07/23 Road T1027.
National road, class 1. Section Westbound KM 50 Road condition.
Rutting on the road. Road is cracked. Road surface in this section
has been patched over the last few years and has been repaired on
the surface of 70-80%. Cause of road failure. Road surface is worn
out. Failure could be caused by very old asphalt surface becoming
brittle. Water ingress from standing water through cracks could be
causing freeze thaw action to destroy surface course. Road is even
which suggests that the road foundation is satisfactory. Type of
repair, materials and method used. Spray injection. From visual
inspection only, gravel 5-8mm, bitumen emulsion. Cleaning of the
cracks with compressed air, Blowing emulsion, blowing mixture of
gravel and emulsion, blowing of gravel on top to protect.
Appropriateness of repair. The road surface is worn out. Spray
injections have not covered all of the cracks and small holes.
Water will still ingress and freeze thaw action in the winter
months will further damage this aged and brittle road pavement.
This is not considered to be a cost effective maintenance
strategy.
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Assessment of Quality of Road Maintenance Works in Ukraine
Location data list 2015/06/24 M-01 - 1 2015/06/24 M-01 - 2
2015/06/24 M-01 - 3 2015/06/24 H-0