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BITUMINOUS LAYERS
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Properties of Bitumen
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Introduction
Aggregate (Natural) Ignious ! "#arnite$ Oranite
Metamorp#i% & Si#ist$ 'neas ! inigul$ Ramna$et%*
Seimental & Laterite$ Lime stone$ +en,ar$ +oralstone
(Arti-%ial) Blast .urna%e Slag$ S/nopal$ Bro,en "u0e$ Bri%, 1ell/
Biners BITUMEN TAR
Pro%ess .ra%tional istillation estru%ti2e istillationIn t#e orer of e%reasing 2olatilit/
'asoline e#/rate "oal Tar+erosene Lig#t Oiliesel "ar0oli% Oil
Lig#t Lu0e Oil Napt#elene Oil3ea2/ Lu0e Oil 4as# Oil
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BITUMEN Is t#e 0/ prou%t of t#e istillation ore2aporation of CRUDE PETROLEUM eit#er 0/natural pro%ess or in a re-ner/ an is t#e 0asi%%onstituent of asp#alt* (Britis# Name) !.ra%tional istillation
ASP3ALT A mixture of bitumen and mineral matter 5#i%# ma/ o%%ur in natural eposits or 0e prou%e0/ arti-%ial means* (Ameri%an Name)
TAR Is t#e 0/ prou%t in t#e manufa%ture of gasfrom %oal* Resulting initiall/ from t#e estru%ti2eistillation of COAL 5#i%# #as 0een so
re-ne as to 0e suita0le for roa 5or,*
3as some 2olatile oils 5#i%# e2aporate 0/ e6posure$lea2ing t#e tar 0rittle an fria0le* T#at is 5#/
o2er#eating of tar is pro#i0ite*
Introduction
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7) 789:8 ! S7; ('rae 0ase on Penetration 2alue) for Masti%Asp#alt
:) <89=8 ! S<; ('rae 0ase on Penetration 2alue)
<) >89?8 ! S>; ('rae 0ase on Penetration 2alue)
=) @89788 ! S8 ('rae 0ase on Penetration 2alue);) Moi-e Bitumen "RMB ;8$ "RMB;;$ "RMB >8 ('rae 0ase on Softening Point) ("rump Ru00er Moi-e Bitumen)
Ph!ical Con!tituent! of Bitumen"7) Asp#alti% (Soli state)
:) Maltene (Semi soli state)
<) olatile oil (LiCui state)
#rade! of Bitumen
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Pro$ertie! of Bitumen
Sl.No.
Properties
IS: 73 – 1992
Grade of Bitumen
S 35 S 65 S 90
1 Penetration at 25°C, 1/10mm 30-40 60-70 80-100
2 Softening point, °C 50-65 40-55 35-50
3 Specific gravit at 27°C, min 0!99 0!99 0!99
4 "#a$% point, °C, min 175 175 175
5 &ater, percent ' ma$$, ma( 0!2 0!2 0!2
6 )i$co$it at 60°C, poi$e$ 2500*500 1000*200 500*100
7 +cti#it at 27°C, cm, min 50 75 75Ot#er graes of 0itumen are S7;$ S=;$ S;;$ S:88
3ere S refers to Pa2ing Bitumen T/pe 7$ 5#i%# #as lo5 5a6 %ontent* Similarl/Pa2ing Bitumen T/pe : are A<;$ A;;$ A>; D A8 5#ere A refers to Pa2ing
Bitumen #a2ing #ig# 5a6 %ontent*
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Te!t! on bitumen and a%%re%ate
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Pro$ertie! of Modi&ed Bitumen'CRMB(Table of I!": SP 3#2$$2
o 'e Spp#ie. %ot at 125C - 175C in in$#ate. taner$%it& suitable a'itatin' de(i)es or in pace. .rm$,'ag$ or 'o(e$!
"!*B
+esi'nationra.e an. eirement$
et%o. of e$tC 50 C 55 C 60
Penetration at 25C, 0!1mm, 100g, 5 Sec! 70 60 50 IS: 1203 - 1978
Softening Point, C , inimm 50 55 60 IS: 1205 - 1978
:#a$tic ecover of ;a#f %rea. in+cti#ometer at 15C, <, inimm
50 50 50 Appendix – 1 of IRC: SP 53-2002
"#a$% Point, C=C, C, in! 220 220 220 IS: 1206 – 1978
Separation, +iffrence in Softening Point,, C, a(imm
4 4 4 Appendix – 2 of IRC: SP 53-2002
Thin FilmOven Test (TFOT) on Residue (IS: 9382 - 1992)
Penetration at 25C, 0!1mm, 100g, 5 Sec!,inimm < of =rigina# 60 60 60 IS: 1203 – 1978
>ncrea$e in Softening Point, C ,inimm 7 6 5 IS: 1205 – 1978
:#a$tic ecover of ;a#f %rea. in+cti#ometer at 25C, <, inimm 35 35 35
Appendix - 1 ofIRC: SP 53-2002
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E)ect of Tem$eratureTable: $$# of *o!T,-
*anufa)turin' and !ollin' Temperatures
BitumenPenetration
Bitumen *iin'/0"
''re'ate *iin'/0"
*ied *aterial/0"
!ollin' /0" a4in' /0"
3 15$ # 17$ 15$ # 17 17$ *aimum 1$$ *inimum 13$ *inimum
5 1$ # 15 1$ # 17$ 15 *aimum 9$ *inimum 12 *inimum
9$ 16$ # 15$ 16$ # 15 1 *aimum $ *inimum 11 *inimum
? %e .ifference in temperatre 'et@een t%e 'in.er an. aggregate $%o#. at no time e(cee. 14C!
a4in' of 'itmino$ mi(tre$ $%a## not 'e carrie. ot @%en t%e air temperatre at t%e $rface on @%ic% it i$ to 'e #ai. i$'e#o@ 10C or @%en t%e @in. $pee. at an temperatre e(cee.$ 40 m/% at 2m %eig%t n#e$$ $pecifica## approve. 't%e :ngineer!
8(erlappin' on $cce$$ive pa$$e$ ' at #ea$t one-t%ir. of t%e @i.t% of t%e rear ro## or in t%e ca$e of a pnematic-tre. ro##er,at #ea$t t%e nomina# @i.t% of 300mm!
>nitia# rollin' $%a## 'e .one @it% 8-10 tonne$ .ea. @eig%t $moot%-@%ee#e. ro##er$! >nterme.iate ro##ing $%a## 'e .one @it% 8-10 tonne$ .ea. @eig%t or vi'rator ro##er or @it% a pnematic tre. ro##er of 12 to 15 tonne$ @eig%t %aving nine @%ee#$,@it% a tre pre$$re of at #ea$t 5!6 g/$cm! %e fini$% ro##ing $%a## 'e .one @it% 6-8 tonne$ $moot% @%ee#e. tan.emro##er$! oving $pee. $%a## 'e not more t%an 5 m per %or!
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B!8+ !NG 8 ;IS"8SIT< N+ T*P!T=!!>=I!*NTS 8! *8+II+ BIN+!S
S P! I!": SP 3#2$$2
Sta'e of %or? ;is)osit4 Temperature @"
in.er at mi(ing a(imm 2 poi$e$ 165 to 185
i( at mi(ing p#ant a(imm 4 poi$e$ 140 to 160
i( at #aing $ite a(imm 5 poi$e$ 130 to 150
o##ing at #aing $ite 10 - 1000 poi$e$ 115 to 135
Ran%e of *i!co!it andTem$erature + CRMB
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EMULSION A freel/ o5ing liCui at orinar/ temperaturein (IS: 217-1978) 5#i%# a su0stantial amount of 0itumenis suspene in a solution of 5ater* ;8&>;F 0itumen an<;&;8F 5ater* < graes Rapi Setting$ MS D SS*
4#en applie t#e 5ater soa,s in or e2aporatesallo5ing t#e 0itumen parti%les to reunite an lie on t#esurfa%e*
"UT BA"+ A solution of 0itumen in a 2olatile or partl/2olatile (IS: 8887-1978) sol2ent su%# as petrol ('asoline)$,erosene or %reosote D iesel* @8F 0itumen an :8Fsol2ent*
< t/pes & Rapi "uring$ M" D S"*
T$e! of bituminou!
material
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EMULSIONA Rapi Setting&7 RS&7
A Rapi Setting&: RS&:
A Meium Setting MS
ASlo5 Setting&7SS&7
A Slo5 Setting&:SS&:
"UTBA"+
A Rapi "uring R" ?8$ R" :;8$ R" @88 D R" <8888
A Meium "uring M" <8$ M" ?8$ M" :;8$ M" @88 D M"
<888
A Slo5 "uring S" ?8$ S" :;8$ S" @88 D S" <888
,unda- Ma ..- ./01
T$e! of Emul!ion andCutbac2
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*i!co!it re3uirement and 4uantit ofLi3uid Bituminou! Primer
T$e of
!urface
5inematic
*i!co!it ofPrimer at 1/
C'Centi!to2e!(
4uantit of Li3uid
Bituminou! Material$er 0/ ,36m6'2%6(
Lo7 $oro!it 8/+1/ 1 to 9
Medium$oro!it
:/+0;/ 9 to 0.
<i%h$oro!it
.=/+=// 0. to 0=
Rate of a$$lication of Tac2 Coat
T$e of !urface 4uantit of Li3uid Bituminou!Material in 5%6 $er !36m6 area
Normal bituminou! !urface /6./ to /6.=
Dr and hun%r bituminou!!urface
/6.= to /68/
#ranular !urface! treated 7ith$rimer
/6.= to /68/
Non bituminou! !urface!
a( #ranular ba!e 'not $rimed( /68= to /6;/
b( Cement concrete $a?ement /68/ to /68=
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"limate TraG%(")
Bituminous"ourse
'rae ofBitumen
3ot An/ BM$BPM$BUS' >89?8
Moerate "ol An/ BM$BPM$BUS' @89788
An/
3ea2/ Loas$
E6press5a/s$Ur0an roas BM$SB"$B"
>89?8
3ot9Moerate An/ P" ;89>8 or >89?8
"ol An/ P" @89788
3ot9Moerate An/ Masti% Asp#alt 7;H;
"ol An/ Masti% Asp#alt <89=8
SELE"TION O. 'RAE O.BITUMEN
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Sl*NO
T/pe ofBase 9Biner%ourse
T/pe ofBituminous5earing%ourse
AnnualRainfall
esign TraG%(msa)
7 4BM94MM9BUS'
:8mm P"5it# San
seal %oat
L D M J 78
:8mm P"S" L$M an 3 J78
MSS :8mm T/pe A or B
L$M an 3 J78
: BM
SB" :;mm
L$M D 3 J78P"S" :8mm
MSS :8mm T/pe A or B
< BMB" :;mm L $ M D 3 K;J78B" =8mm L$M an 3 K78
B" ;8mm L$M an 3 K788
.LEIBLE PAEMENT UNERI..ERENT SITUATIONs
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Eit#er 5earing %ourse 9 Biner %ourse 5it# 5earing %ourse
4earing %ourses are surfa%e ressing $ P"S"$ MSS$ SB" an B"
Biner %ourses are BM D BM
BM ma/ 0e esigne to %arr/ traG% J; msa
BM is re%ommene for traG% more t#an ; msa
78 mm BM is eCui2alent to ?mm BM
'rae of 0itumen 5ill 0e sele%te 0ase on traG%$ rainfall an ot#eren2ironmental %onition*
Masti% asp#alt ma/ 0e use at 0us&stops an interse%tions*
.or P"S" up to :;mm$ t#i%, of surfa%ing s#oul not 0e %ounte to5ars t#etotal t#i%,ness of pa2ement(purel/ for 5earing an 5ill not a to stru%tural
%apa%it/)
BM s#all 0e in t5o la/ers 5#en t#i%,ness is more t#an 788mm*
4earing %ourse amena0le to la/ing 5it# pa2er&-nis#er s#oul 0e aopte o2erpa2er&-nis#e 0ase 0iner %ourse*
B" s#oul not 0e lai ire%tl/ o2er manuall/ lai 'B*
Bituminous Surfa%ing
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PA*EMENT,7* .LEIBLE PAEMENT (IR" <? ! :887):* RI'I PAEMENT (IR" ;@ ! :88:)
ESI'N LI.E O. .LEIBLE PAEMENTSA 7; Years ( N3 an S3) an
A :8 Years ( E6press 4a/)
A 78 to 7; Years (.or Ot#er %ategories)
IS & Inian Stanars
BS & Britis# Stanars
ASTM & Ameri%an So%iet/ for Testing anMaterials
AAST3O & Ameri%an Asso%iation of State3ig#5a/ an Transportation OG%ials
,unda- Ma ..- ./01
#eneral Di!cu!!ion
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ALLOWABLE LIMITS AS PER MORTH FREQUENCY AS PER MORTH
S.No Type of Test PC with SC BM DBM SDBC BC Test Method Frequency
1
Quality of Binder
( Penetration/Viscocity,
Ductility/Softening point)
IS : 73 IS : 73 IS : 73 IS : 73 IS : 73IS : 1203, IS: 1205, IS:
1206 & IS: 1208Two Tests Per Lot
2 Temperature of binder 150° - 165° 150° - 165° 150° - 165° 150° - 165° 150° - 165°Take 500-5 –MORTH
(Rev-4)At regular close intervals
3 Aggregate Impact Value Max 30 % Max 30 % Max 27 % Max 27 % Max 24% IS: 2386(Part-4) One test per 50mB of aggregate
4Flakiness index &
Elongation index__ Max 30 Max 30 Max 30 Max 30 IS: 2386(Part-1) One test per 50mB of aggregate
5 Stripping of Aggregate Minimum Retained Coating 95 % IS: 6241One set of 3 specimens for each source
of supply.
6 Water Absorption Max 1% Max 2% Max 2% Max 2% Max 2% IS: 2386(Part-3)One set of 3 specimens for each source of
supply.
7 Grading of AggregateTable 500-23
MORTH
Table 500 -4
MORTH
Table 500-10
MORTH
Table 500-15
MORTH
Table 500-
18
MORTH
IS: 2720(Part-4)
Two tests per day per plant both on the
individual Constituents and mixed
aggregates from the dryer.
One test per 25mB of aggregates (for
PCSC)
8 Binder Content 4.32 %
(50-75mm)
3.3-3.5%
(80-
100)
3.1-3.4%
(50-75mm)
Min4.5%
(80-100)
Min4%
(50-75mm)
Min5%
(80-100)
Min4.5%
(50-75mm)
5-7%
(80-
100)
5-6%
MORTH (Rev-4) Minimum Two tests per day.
9Density of Compacted
layer
Density of Compacted
layerOne test per 250m of area.
PART – B (Bituminous Layers)