15.0 LIVING ROOF & LIVING WALL - CIRS | Accelerating ...admin-playground.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2016/12/15_Living-Roof.pdf · 15 LIVING ROOF & LIVING WALL ... enhances the public

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15 L I V I N G R O O F & L I V I N G WA L L

1.0 Executive Summar y

4.0 G oals & Targets

5.0 Par tnerships

6.0 Research

7.0 Bui lding Design

8.0 Design Process

11.0 Energy Systems

12.0 R ainwater System

2.0 Projec t Background & O ver view

3.0 Vis ion & Leadership

13.0 Reclaimed Water System

14.0 Landscape & Site

15.0 Living Roof & Living Wal l

17.0 Venti lat ion

10.0 Bui lding M aterials

18.0 Bui lding R ating Systems

19.0 M onitoring & M easurement

20.0 Construc t ion

22.0 I nhabitants vs. Occupants

24.0 Operations & M aintenance

FUTURE SEC TIONS TO BE ADDED:

9.0 Struc tural System & Wood

15.1 OverviewIllustrating the integration between natural systems and the built environment was of primary importance for CIRS. The living wall and living roof are part of the building’s visual display of ecologically integrated building systems, demonstrating the nature of the research institution, as well as performing a multitude of ecological services and practical building performance functions. Located above the MGD Auditorium, the living roof is visually and physically accessible to building inhabitants and visitors. It is planted with native plants designed to provide habitat for local animals and insects and is an important part of the water management strategy for the building. The living wall provides solar shading for the western façade that is both passive and dynamic, as the leaves of the vines change color throughout the year and fall in winter. It also enhances the public face of the building with distinct character that expresses the sustainability principles of the CIRS project.

L E S S O N S L E A R N E D

Find passive solutions

Utilize specialized plants

Consider water resources

Design to accomodate variation

15.0 L I V I N G R O O F & L I V I N G WA L L

16.0 Lighting

25.0 Continual Evaluations

23.0 Communit y ( food. . . )

21.0 Commissioning & Per formance Test ing

15.5 B enefits

15.6 Chal lenges

15.3 Campus Contex t

15.7 Lessons Learned

15.1 O ver view

15.2 Descr ipt ion

Image 15.1 Living Roof & Living Wall Diagram

“That’s a wonderful idea: the idea that nature and building are working together...to find a way to show people that nature should be part of your lives.”

- Peter Busby, Design Director, Perkins + Will

15.4 G oals & Targets

The living roof above the Auditorium, planted with native shrubs and groundcover.

The living wall, a supported screen of chocolate vines (Akebia quinata). The leaves of the vine will change color throughout the year and drop in winter, providing seasonably variable shading.

The rain garden landscape is used to channel stormwater through the site.

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C I R S T E C H N I C A L M A N UA L

15.2 DescriptionLiving Roof

The roof of the lecture hall is covered in a garden of native plants. The plants include a wide variety of ground cover, shrubs and woody materials, all native to the lower mainland. The low profile plants require a relatively shallow amount of growing medium (45 cm) and are hardy enough to withstand some variation in the amount of irrigation. Both deciduous and evergreen plants were included to create a diverse habitat for insects and birds. The green roof provides an interesting view for inhabitants of the upper office floors, whose windows face inward, across the building courtyard. The landscape is built on top of a membrane type roof structure specifically designed to accommodate it. The growing medium is held in place by an erosion net and L-shaped soil retainers, below which a corrugated drainage layer catches and channels excess water off the roof. The membrane is sandwiched between a protection mat and rigid protection board to protect it and the rigid insulation below from penetration by growing plant roots.

The living roof is an integral component of the building’s water management strategies. The roof reduces stormwater runoff by absorbing and utilizing the rain falling on it as irrigation. The rainwater is supplemented by reclaimed water treated by the Solar Aquatic System (see Section 13.0 Reclaimed Water). The roof also indirectly reduces the burden on the municipal sewage treatment system; in the summer months when the building is sparsely occupied, the solar aquatic system imports sewage from the municipal system in order to maintain the volume of treated water available for irrigation in the driest months of the year. The need to provide steady year-round irrigation was one of the driving factors in this innovative “sewer mining” solution. The living roof is therefore supplied with nutrient and phosphorous rich water throughout the year, independent of both rainfall and the level of inhabitation in the building.

Plants on the Roof:

Anaphalis margaritacea (Pearly Everlasting)

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Kinnikinnick)

Campanula rotundifolia (Hareball)

Castilleja miniata (Indian Paintbrush)

Cornus sericea (Red-osier Dogwood)

Delphinium menziesii (Delphinium)

Eriophyllum lanatum (Woolly Sunflower)

Fagaria chilioensis (Beach Strawberry)

Fagaria verginiana (Woodland Strawberry)

Gaultheria procumbens

Mahonia aquifolium (Oregan Grape)

Mahonia nervosa (Dwarf Oregon Grape)

Polystichum munitum (Western Sword Fern)

Ribes sanguineum (Red-Flower Currant)

Rosa nutkana (Nootka Rose)

Rosa rugosa (Rugosa Rose)

Rubus parviflorus (Thimbleberry)

Rubus spectabilis (Salmonberry)

Salix Arctica(Arctic Willow)

Sambucus cerula (Blue Elderberry)

Sedum (Stonecrop)

Spirea douglasii (Western Spiraea)

Symphoricarpos albus (Snowberry)

Vaccinium ovatum ‘Thunderbird’ (thunderbird Evergreen Huckleberry)

Vaccinium parvifolium (Red Huckleberry)

Viburnum trilobum (High-Bush Cranberry)

Roof Layers: (top to bottom)

• Soil Erosion Net

• Light Weight Growing Medium

• Soil Retainer

• Geogrid

• Drainage Layer/water Reservoir

• Protection Mat

• Water Proof Membrane

• 13 Protection Board

• Rigid Insulation

• Vapour Barrier

• Plywood

• Laminated Wood Structure

E1A

R1

R2

W1

R1

16

19 TEMPERED GLASS GUARDCHAMFER ALL EXPOSED EDGES

SST BALUSTRADE SUPPORTCONNECTIONW/ RUBBER GASKET

19 GALVANIZED STANCHION

SEALED REGLET W/PREFINISHEDMETAL FLASHING

90X90 CANT STRIP

WOOD LEDGER- SEE STRUCT

SOIL RETAINER

600

RIVER ROCK GRAVEL

ELASTOMERIC COATING

PLATE STEEL EMBED

100

1100

300

200

100

ST ANGLE-SEE STRUCT

PROVIDE CONT VAPOURRETARDER

PRE-FIN METAL FLASHING

WRAP AIR VAPOUR MOISTURE BARRIEROVER 'PT' WOOD PARAPET

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Level 291.80 m

EL PAVER SPACERS(see spec)

13 PROTECTION BOARDWATER PROOF MEMBRANE

SOIL RETAINER

GEOGRIDDRAINAGE LAYER/WATER RESERVOIRPROTECTION MAT

RIGID INSULATION

CONCRETE PAVERS

WOOD LEDGER-SEE STRUCT

C.I.P. CONCRETE CURBINTEGRATED W/ GEOGRID

AND DRAINAGE LAYERLIGHT WEIGHTGROWING MEDIUM

PLYWOOD

LAMINATED WOOD(REFER TO STRUCTURAL)

SOIL EROSION NET

ROOF DRAIN

RIGID INSULVOID FORM

PROVIDE DRAINAGEHOLES EVERY 600mm

10FILTER FABRIC

STAINLESS STEEL GRATEOVER DRAIN (TYP.)

ST ANGLE-SEE STRUCT

VAPOUR BARRIER

DRAINAGE MATT

Drawing Issue Date

010

4080

20

Sheet

TitleApproved

Checked

Drawn

Job Number

Date

Sheet Information

1220 Homer St.Vancouver, British Columbia

Canada V6B 2Y5t 604.684.5446f 604.684.5447

www.busbyperkinswill.ca

Copyright © 2008 Busby Perkins+Will

Aug 15, 2008DP-Set Issue #1

BP SET

July 21, 2009

Dec 03, 2008DD-Set Issue #2May 29, 2009Tender Review Set Issue #8June 15, 2009Tender Set Issue #9July 3, 2009Tender Set Addendum I Issue #10July 21, 2009BP-Set Issue #12

Revisions

2260 West MallVancouver BC V6T 1Z4

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Detail Sections - GreenRoof

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Research onSustainability

UBC

1 : 51 Lecture Theatre Green Roof / East Wall Detail 1 : 52 Lecture Theatre Green Roof / Paver Detail

NO ISSUE DATE2 Tender Set Addendum 2 2009-07-16

Image 15.2 Living Roof Detail

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15 L I V I N G R O O F & L I V I N G WA L L

Living Wall Components:

• Green Screen

• Metal Framework

• Drip Irrigation

• Galvanized Metal Grating

• Growing Medium

• Metal Planter Box with Metal Steel Supports and Water Proofing Liner

E7.2

F2

E1

F5.1

E7.2

F5.1

E5.2

Ground85.33 m

WOOD SHIM

ALUM FLASHING

STONE PAVERS

RIGID INSULATION TO FOUNDATION

DAMPROOFING

TRANSITION MEMBRANE

CLOSURE PIECE BY CURTAINWALL MANUFACTURER

CAULK & SEALANT

DRAINAGE MAT

Level 291.80 m

R30 MINERAL WOOL INSULATION

GLU-LAM BEAM(AS PER STRUCT)

AIR VAPOUR MOISTURE BARRIER

1100

915

25

14 (T

yp.)

BUILT-UP STUD WALL19mm PLYWOOD SHEATHING

38x184mm WOOD STUDS @ 400 O.C.16mm GWB - PAINTED FIN.

13mm 'F' MOULD -GWB REVEAL

ALUM. CLADDING

100x64x6mm STEEL 'U' CHANNELWELDED TO FLAT STEEL PLATESECURED BY FASTENER THRU

WOOD DECKING AND GLU-LAM BEAMS(SEE STRUCT)

BONDING MATERIAL (AS PER GLASS INSTALLER)

BEAD SEALANT IN 10x1Omm REVEAL

BEAD SEALANT IN 10x1Omm REVEAL

STAINLESS STEEL GUARD RAIL BRACKETMOUNTED BETWEEN 2 GLASS PANELS TYP

42mm Ø WOOD HANDRAIL BRACKETS

74

TEMPERED STRUCTURAL GLASS GUARD

ALIGN

ALIG

N

110

ALIG

N

60

1095

140

80

CHAMFER ALL VERT & HORIZ GLASS EDGES TYP

1315

89 SUSPENDED WOOD JOISTS@ 400 O.C. w/ BLACK LINER

38 x 64 WOOD SLAT CEILINGw/ 50mm SPACING

Level 291.80 m

5.1

GREEN SCREEN c/wMETAL SUPPORTS - PAINTED FIN.

MINERAL WOOL INSULATION

AIR, VAPOUR MOISTURE BARRIER

GLU-LAM BEAM (AS PER STRUCT.)CLEAR SEALED FIN.

BACK PAINTED GLASSSPANDREL

19mm MULTIPLE PLY CEDAR PANELc/w METAL SUPPORTS

BUILT-UP WALL HEADER(1x) 19mm PLYWOOD SHEATHING

2x8 WOOD STUDS @ 400 O.C.13mm PLYWOOD SHEATHING

700

700

700

700

SPAN

DREL

BOX

(LOC

ATIO

N VA

RIES

)

89 SUSPENDED WOOD JOISTS @ 400 O.C.w/ BLACK LINER

38 x 64 WOOD SLAT CEILING w/ 50mm SPACING

1080 465

585

980

METAL PLANTER BOXWITH METAL STEEL SUPPORTS

& WATERPROOFING LINER

GROWING MEDIUM

DRIP IRRIGATION

DRAIN PIPE

PERFORATED PRE-FINISHEDMETAL SOFFIT

CEMENT BOARD PANEL -PAINTED FIN. COLOUR TBD.

GALVANIZED METAL GRATES

ALUM ANGLE

ALUM REVEAL

ALUM REVEAL

40

1330

685

1562

0

Drawing Issue Date

010

4080

20

Sheet

TitleApproved

Checked

Drawn

Job Number

Date

Sheet Information

1220 Homer St.Vancouver, British Columbia

Canada V6B 2Y5t 604.684.5446f 604.684.5447

www.busbyperkinswill.ca

Copyright © 2008 Busby Perkins+Will

Aug 15, 2008DP-Set Issue #1

BP SET

July 21, 2009

Dec 03, 2008DD-Set Issue #2May 29, 2009Tender Review Set Issue #8June 15, 2009Tender Set Issue #9July 3, 2009Tender Set Addendum I Issue #10July 21, 2009BP-Set Issue #12

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Detail Sections

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CIRS - Centre forInteractive

Research onSustainability

UBC

1 : 51 West Wall Section - Atrium Lobby @ Vision Wall Window Sill

1 : 52 West Wall Section - Atrium Lobby Vision Wall Window Head

1 : 53 West Wall Section - Atrium @ 2nd Level

Living Wall

The living wall is a vegetated screen on the western façade of the building, facing West Mall. The western façade of any building is one of the most difficult to manage in terms of regulating heat gain and light. A living wall allows visual access for the public face of the building while still providing the necessary shading to create a comfortable indoor environment. Planters are mounted at each floor level, with a metal framework and mesh screen to create a scaffold for the vines. Chocolate Vines (Akebia quinata) were chosen for their suitability to the climate, vigorous climbing quality and ability to thrive in containers. These plants will grow thick foliage during the summer and drop the leaves in the fall, providing yearly variation in the amount of shade: more light will be allowed in during the colder, darker winter months and less during the warmer brighter summer months. Additionally, the leaves will change color over the course of the year, responding to the climate and the seasons, adding to the transformation of this dynamic façade.

Image 15.3 Screen and Planters for the Living Wall. Photograph by Enrico Dagostini.

Image 15.4 Living Wall Detail

AG E N T S

Architects: Perkins + Will

Landscape Architects: PWL Partnership

Solar Aquatics: ECOTEK Ecological Technologies Inc.

Environmental Engineers: NovaTec Consultants

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C I R S T E C H N I C A L M A N UA L

15.3 Campus ContextUBC Campus Plan

The UBC Campus Plan emphasizes the natural setting of the campus and encourages the engagement of the community within it. The Plan also encourages high standards of sustainability performance for buildings, landscapes and infrastructure, by supporting innovation and experimentation through demonstrative living laboratory projects in new developments. Part of these efforts include a natural systems based approach to issues like water management, identifying waste streams as resources and using plantings native to the campus environment. The living walls and especially the living roof of the CIRS building are demonstrative examples of ways to meet these objectives, using plantings to provide both functional services and focal points of environmental engagement for the inhabitants and visitors to the building.

UBC Campus Plan, Synopsis and Campus Plan Sections 2 & 3, Sustainability pg 10-13 and Land Use pg 14-18

UBC Design Guidelines

The UBC Design Guidelines were developed to help coordinate the design of projects on the Point Grey campus, with the intention of accentuating UBC’s western coastal setting and improving the cohesiveness of the built and natural environments of the University. Projects are encouraged to integrate the design of new buildings and the surrounding landscapes as single compositions, and provide strong indoor-outdoor connections, both physically and visually, between the inhabitants’ interior working and social spaces and exterior environment. The green roof of the CIRS building, with native plantings and habitat, provides this connection. The Design Guideline emphasizes using passive design strategies to address lighting and heat gain in buildings, and encourages integration of such features into the overall design of the building. The guide prioritizes illustrative examples of natural cycles in the built environment to raise public consciousness of sustainable building practices. The living wall is an example of a passive design strategy (“passive intelligence”), creating a dynamic façade that responds naturally to the amount of shading required throughout the year, as well as beautifully highlighting natural cycles of plant growth.

UBC Campus Plan, Design Guidelines Sections 2.1 and 2.3 Campus –Wide Sustainability pg 8-10 and Campus -Wide Architecture pg 11-20

UBC Technical Guidelines, Division 7

While the green roof provides many functions, including a key component of the wastewater system and a habitat, it is primarily a roof, and must perform as part of the building envelope. Division 7 of the UBC Technical Guidelines governs buildings envelopes, emphasizing thermal and moisture protection, including air barriers, insulation, cladding materials, types of roofs, fire stopping, sealants and accessories. Of particular relevance are sections 07200 Insulation Systems, 07500 Membrane Roofing, 07700 Roofing Accessories, 07840 Fire Stopping and 7900 Sealants. The design of the living roof must maintain these requirements, while incorporating the dirt, water and plants on top.

UBC Technical Guidelines, 2010 Edition, Division 7 Sections 07200,07500,07700,07840, 07900

P R O C E S S

Design process: IDP, charrettes

Construction: planting is done at the end of the construction process.

Commissioning:

Operations: UBC Landscaping(?)

CO S T S

Costs will be added in a future update

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15 L I V I N G R O O F & L I V I N G WA L L

R AT I N G S Y S T E M S

The reclaimed water systems helped CIRS achieve the following LEED credits and Living Building Challenge imperatives. For more information see Section 19.0 Building rating Systems.

LEED

Sustainable Site Credits:• 1 – Site Selection• 2 – Development Density• 5.1 – Reduced Site

Disturbance Protect or Restore Open Space

• 6.1 & 6.2 – Stormwater Management

• 7.2 – Heat Island Effect Roof

Water Efficiency Credits:• 1.1 & 1.2 - Water Efficient

2 – Innovative Wastewater Technologies

Living Building Challenge

03 – Habitat Exchange

05 – Net Zero Water

06 – Ecological Water Flow

09 - Biophilia

19 - Beauty & Spirit

20 – Inspiration & Education

15.4 Goals & TargetsTable 15.1 lists the project goals and targets specifically related to the living roof and living wall. For a complete list of all the goals and targets for CIRS, refer to Section 4.0 Goals & Targets.

Category Goals Targets3 – NET IMPACT Neutralize ecological impact

on-site by having a net positive biomass and oxygen provided onsite.

Regenerate ecosystems to attract local fauna (birds, bees, herons & butterflies).

Eliminate on-site run-off.

Existing site plant coverage was 44% grass and shrubs. The new site will have more plant coverage (100% of which must be native/adaptive species) than the existing site.

Increase local native fauna on-site.

100 per cent stormwater will be treated, used or infiltrated onsite.

4 –POSITIVE COMMUNITY IMPACT

Maximize sustainable contributions to the local community.

6 – ENERGY REDUCTION

Design CIRS to be as passive and simple as possible.

Design a high-performance building envelope.

Building envelope thermal performance to average R20 (3.5 RSI)

10 – STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

100 per cent stormwater will be treated, used or infiltrated on-site.

Water leaving the site should be as good or better quality than when it arrived.

Zero net runoff from site.

Zero stormwater output from site.

Clean all water used onsite, 100 per cent.

Zero stormwater output from site.

16 - OXYGENATION The building will oxygenate indoor and exterior environments.

17 – COMFORT & CONTROL

Provide areas for social interactions, physical activities and human health needs.

22 – PUBLIC EDUCATION

CIRS will disseminate sustainable design practice, knowledge and experience as widely as possible.

Table 15.1 Goals and Targets for the Living Roof & Living Wall

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C I R S T E C H N I C A L M A N UA L

R E L AT E D S E C T I O N S :

3.0 Vision& Leadership

4.0 Goals & Targets

7.0 Building Design

8.0 Design Process

12.0 Rainwater System

13.0 Wastewater Reuse System

14.0 Landscape & Site

20.0 Construction

15.5 BenefitsThe living roof and living wall of CIRS benefit the project in the following ways:

Utilizes Passive Building Intelligence

• The plants’ natural cycle of foliage is complementary to the amount of daylight desired in the interior of the building. The plants provide shade during the summer and allow more light in during the winter. The living wall also creates a beautiful, dynamic façade without any energy input or human intervention.

Expresses Sustainability

• The living wall is unique on the UBC Vancouver campus at this time. Both it and the living roof are literal illustrations of the sustainability principles of the CIRS project and provide points of visual interest and an ecological connection for people both inside and outside the building.

Provides Ecological Services

• By using natural elements in building components, those components provide ecological services as well as the building functions. For example, the mix of native plantings on the living roof will create habitat for insects and animals, such as spiders, flies, ants and birds, and the water used for irrigation is returned to the atmosphere through natural evaporation and transpiration processes in the plants.

15.6 ChallengesThe living roof and living wall of CIRS were challenging for the project in the following ways:

Using Specialized Plantings

• Plants that are used in conjunction with building components must be able to survive in different conditions than ground based plants. Plants in both the living roof and living wall must be able to thrive in situations that restrict their root growth and water intake, handle exposure to different amounts of sunlight and wind than at ground level, and grow in predictable and specific directions (a vertical climbing vine for the living wall and low horizontal groundcover for the living roof ).

Providing Year-round Irrigation

• The reclaimed water from the Solar Aquatic System that supplies for the irrigation for the living roof and wall is dependent on the level of inhabitation and the flow of wastewater from the building. During the summer, when there is the least amount of rainfall and the greatest need for irrigation, the number of inhabitants in the building decreases. An additional flow of wastewater was required to maintain the optimal input for both the reclaimed treatment system and the building’s irrigation needs.

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15 L I V I N G R O O F & L I V I N G WA L L

15.7 Lessons LearnedThe experience gained through the living roof and living wall for CIRS provided valuable lessons to apply to future projects. Some key lessons are:

Find Passive Solutions

• The cost of construction can be reduced if a number of design problems can be solved with one passive design solution. The living wall provides a visible expression of the project’s sustainability mandate, while also solving a solar shading problem and presenting an interesting, dynamic façade that reflects the seasons of the year.

Utilize Specialized Plants

• The plants used in building components such as a living roof or living wall must be carefully chosen, planted and cultivated able to handle the environmental conditions while providing the services required of that building component.

Consider Water Resources

• For projects that will use reclaimed water for irrigation, the landscape elements must be designed with a careful consideration of the amount and availability pattern of the water. Buildings with large seasonal differences in building occupation may face difficulties providing all of the project irrigation needs from reclaimed water or supplemental sources may need to be found.

Design to Accommodate Variation

• Unlike conventional building materials and components, living elements utilizing plants will change throughout the year. In particular, growing plants will provide increase shade and variation in the amount of water absorbed will significantly change the weight of the building component. The design of the rest of the building must accommodate or make us of the variations.

Supporting the Structural Load

• The amount of water in the growing medium of the living roof, as well as the duration of time the water stays in the saturated medium and the growth of the plants meant that the live load on the Auditorium roof varies significantly throughout the year. The structural system in the Auditorium had to be designed to support the changing live loads of the roof, which are significantly greater than a traditional roof.

R E S O U R C E S :

• Diagrams links • Drawings links • PWL Partnership: • UBC Campus Plan • UBC Land Use Plan

15.8 Future LearningAdditional lessons learned over the operational life of the building will be added at periodic intervals