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Definition of Education
is defined as a preparation for
effective participation in socialrelations Is the consciously controlled
process whereby changes in behaviorare produced in the person and
through the person in the group..
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Kinds of Education Informal Education- Consist of learningthrough interaction with others in the
group. Non-formal Education- consist of sets
of definite learning goals and objectives.
Formal education- set of definiteobjectives and goals reached through
systematized and formal instruction andmethods.
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Access and Equity A study of educational statistics and the
finding in the Joint CongressionalCommission to Study and Review Philippine
Education, popularly known as EDCOM,
show that while the educational system canbring the children into the classroom,these children are not around long enoughto educate. Only 65 out of 100 children
reached Grade IV, and slightly less finishelementary education. By the time theyreach the fourth grade, 25 out of 100
children who entered grade 1 have alreadydropped out of school and shall haveconsequently reverted to illiteracy..
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Education in Early Society Education in simple societies is givenby the family, assisted by some eldermembers of the community who are
called Specialist, namely magicians,witchdoctors, shamans or priest.
The first schools were established inChina, Egypt, Babylonia, India,
Greece, and Rome.
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Functions of Education1. Transmit the cultural Heritage.
2. To help individual select social roles and totrain them for the roles they have chosen.
3. To integrate into the cultural mainstreamand various subcultures and identities.
4. To serve as a source of social and culturalinnovation.
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Guidelines: 1. A careful planning of the subjectsand courses along with the necessary
facilities which the school, can provide.
2. The training of an adequate numberof people according to the demands of
certain specialized jobs.
3. Matching the talents and abilitieswith the specialty so that each job isfilled by a person who is capable of
performing the work successfully .
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Education in the PhilippinesEducational systems reflects the
economic,political, social, andreligious value of the society
the coming of the western powersbrought about educational
practices that reflected theideologies of these colonizers andthe ideals inculcated represented
their culture.
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Under the Spanish Crown The objective of education under Spain
was to teach moral and religioussubjects through the medium of
Spanish languageReligion was the core of the curriculum
and the schools were used mainly tospread Christianity
The schools were setup in the barriosin the small thatched buildings called
Visitas. This served as chapel andschool house..
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In the Visitas separate rooms were
provided for boys and girls. Thecourse of study was consisted ofreading alphabet and syllabic
method, sacred song, and music; alittle arithmetic and writing werethought to the most advanced
student. The method of learning wasmemorization and the punishment
meted out to those who didn’t studytheir lesson was whipping.
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Higher education at that time placedgreat emphasis on rearing the youth in
virtue and letters.the institutionestablished for this purposed are the
Royal College of San Jose(1605),and theCollege of Sto. Tomas (1610),and
converted into a university in 1645.There were secondary schools such asColegio de San Juan de Letran, Ateneo
Municipal and the theological seminariesin Vigan, Manila, and Cebu.The educatedclass was the gentle Ilustrado and mostpeople greatly aspired to belong to it.
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Under the AmericaWith the coming of the Americans in1898 the emphasis on the spread of
Christianity and the transmission of theSpanish culture shifted towards the
development of new social pattern thatwould prepare the nation for a selfgoverning democracy.
The policy was to extend the system ofprimary education to all, training
students for the duties of citizenshipand ordinary association in a civilized
community.
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English was used as the medium ofcommunication.
The Educational Act. Of 1901 organizedthe general system of public instructionand also authorized the establishmentof private schools. The curriculum inthe primary level consisted of the
English language, arithmetic, geography,singing, drawing, physical education,andcharacter training. Grammar and social
studies were included in theintermediate grades
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The Philippine System is a bureaucraticstructure under the supervision of the state
There are three coordinatebranches:
Bureau of elementaryeducation
Bureau of secondaryeducation.
Bureau of Higher education .
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The educational act of 1982 incorporated allthe recommendations and findings of the
Presidential Commission to Study Philippine
Education (PCSPE), which was created byPresident Ferdinand Marcos in 1969. The PCSPEreported that the educational system then wasproducing college graduates in excess of what
could be absorbed by the job market.
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EDCOM Recommendation
The Joint Congressional Commission toStudy and Review Philippine Education , or
EDCOM was created in 1991 with themandate to carry out its task within 12
months.
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Its findings showed that the quality of the
Philippine Education was continuouslydeclining.this was attribute to 2 principalreasons:
Government was not investing enough in our Education System
Our Education establishment was
poorly managed.
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The EDCOM recommended more efficiencyand more productivity from both oureducation budget and our education
establishment . the development of alternative learning
modes, especially for the illiterate. The use of the vernacular and Filipino
medium instruction for basic education. The enlargement and enrichment of
technical and vocational education. The restructuring of the Department of
Education. Ensure that the best and most qualified
professionals become teachers andadministrators.
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support Both private and public schools. Involvement of private industry workers,
teachers, parents and the local governmentin the planning delivering and financing ofeducation.
Ensuring that children of the poor havegreater access to all levels of education
making public tertiary education morecost effective and circular programs more
relevant to the communities they serve. Finding new sources of money to finance
basic education.
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Elementary Education The program for Decentralized Educational
Development, or PROCED, is a DECSprogram assisted with a $100 M loan fromthe World Bank. The PROCED formed part
of a 10-year development program for
elementary education, and purportedly withthe Following objectives : Improve pupil achievement Decreased drop out rates Raise participation ratesIncrease pupil-teacher ratio
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The PROCED also had the followingcomponents:
Improve of facilities (Physical) Mass provision of instructional materials
(textbook). Staff development for teacher as well as a administrators.
Technical assistance such as fellowship
grants and consultancy services. Special studies.
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Vocational and TechnicalEducation
in recent years, technical and vocationaleducation in the Philippines has gained
Momentum.,there were already some 945schools offering technical and vocational
courses, 333 of which were DECSsupervised and the remaining 612were
private school. The educational system ofthe country must continue to turn up
graduates in these courses if it is to meetthe demands of the hob market, both localand overseas, and thus help in the
government policy of attracting foreign
investments.
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Trend in Education DECS has initiated a number of
innovations like the in-school off-schoolapproach.
Continuous Progression scheme.Bilingualism.onset of Martial law The Educational Development Decree
of 1972
The Philippine Constitution of 1987 in itsvision of a “just and Humane society”. Different values promoted inculcated by
the Philippine educational system (peace)
Computerization.
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