148918422 Arabic Speaking

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Table of ContentsIntroduction.....................................................................................................................1

Learning Moroccan Arabic......................................................................................................................1Transcription of Moroccan Arabic...........................................................................................................1

Getting Started with Moroccan Arabic.............................................................................5Greetings.................................................................................................................................................5Independent Pronouns............................................................................................................................6Possessive Pronouns...............................................................................................................................8Masculine and Feinine !ouns............................................................................................................."

Describing Yourself........................................................................................................10!ationalities# $ities# and Marital %tatus................................................................................................1&T'e Possessive (ord )d*al+...................................................................................................................1,-eonstrative Adectives / -eonstrative Pronouns.........................................................................10 Asing about Possession........................................................................................................................12

Useful E!ressions.........................................................................................................1"#u$erals.......................................................................................................................%%

$ardinal !ubers.................................................................................................................................334rdinal !ubers Fractions................................................................................................................38Tie.......................................................................................................................................................3"

Getting Started Sho!!ing...............................................................................................&%Mone*....................................................................................................................................................,3 At t'e anoot........................................................................................................................................,, 7erb )to ant+.......................................................................................................................................,59a*n for )T'ere is+................................................................................................................................,6

'a$il(............................................................................................................................&)Fail* Mebers....................................................................................................................................,2 7erb )to 'ave+........................................................................................................................................,"

Directions.......................................................................................................................*1Prepositions...........................................................................................................................................01-irections..............................................................................................................................................03

+ast E,ents.....................................................................................................................**Tie 7ocabular*...................................................................................................................................00Past Tense : ;egular 7erbs...................................................................................................................05Past Tense : Irregular 7erbs.................................................................................................................02!egation................................................................................................................................................5&ave *ou ever... Ising 4ne 7erb after Anot'er..............................................................................................................68T'e Iperative......................................................................................................................................6"

argaining......................................................................................................................)1?argaining..............................................................................................................................................21$lot'ing.................................................................................................................................................2, Adectives..............................................................................................................................................28$oparative and %uperlative Adectives..............................................................................................8&

Sho!!ing 'or 'ood........................................................................................................./*Fruits and 7egetables............................................................................................................................80

?u*ing Produce.....................................................................................................................................85%pices and Meat....................................................................................................................................88


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'ood and Drin............................................................................................................../"Food and -rin.....................................................................................................................................8"T'e ;efle@ive verb )to please to lie+.................................................................................................."1T'e 7erb )to need# to 'ave to# ust# s'ould+........................................................................................"5T'e 7erb )to ant# to lie+...................................................................................................................."6

Medical od(...............................................................................................................")

?od* Parts.............................................................................................................................................."2ealt' Probles...................................................................................................................................."2

Site 2isit E!ressions...................................................................................................1003ra,el...........................................................................................................................10%

Future Tense........................................................................................................................................1&3Travel...................................................................................................................................................1&6

At the 4otel...................................................................................................................110otel Accoodation.........................................................................................................................11&T'e $onditional....................................................................................................................................111

At the +ost ffice...........................................................................................................11&T'e Post 4ffice.....................................................................................................................................11,>sing Prepositions it' Pronoun ndings / 7erbs............................................................................115

Describing the +eace 6or!s Mission.............................................................................1%0Peace $orps..........................................................................................................................................13& Bout' -evelopent..............................................................................................................................131nvironent........................................................................................................................................133ealt'..................................................................................................................................................13,%all ?usiness -evelopent..............................................................................................................130

-enting a 4ouse............................................................................................................1%5Finding a ouse...................................................................................................................................135Furnis'ing a ouse.............................................................................................................................136

Safet( and Securit(.......................................................................................................1%"%e@ual arassent..............................................................................................................................13" At t'e Ta@i %tand.................................................................................................................................1,&

At (or................................................................................................................................................1,3Forgetting a (allet in a Ta@i Filing a ;eport....................................................................................1,,?utagas................................................................................................................................................1,0as'.....................................................................................................................................................1,5T'eft.....................................................................................................................................................1,6ouse %ecurit* -oors and (indos................................................................................................1,8Political arassent...........................................................................................................................10&

A!!endices...................................................................................................................1*%+ronunciation of Moroccan Arabic...............................................................................1*&

>nderstanding o %ounds Are Made...............................................................................................10,Pronunciation of !onCnglis' $onsonants.........................................................................................10,Pronunciation of %'edda.....................................................................................................................105

T'e -efinite Article..............................................................................................................................106Su!!le$entar( Gra$$ar 7essons...............................................................................1*/

Maing Intransitive 7erbs into Transitive 7erbs................................................................................108Passive 7erbs.......................................................................................................................................10"T'e Past Progressive............................................................................................................................15&T'e 7erb )to reain+............................................................................................................................151 7erb Participles....................................................................................................................................151$onunctions........................................................................................................................................150

More Useful E!ressions..............................................................................................15)Moroccan 4olida(s.......................................................................................................15"

;eligious olida*s...............................................................................................................................15"!ational olida*s................................................................................................................................163

Glossar( of 2erbs..........................................................................................................18*Gra$$ar Inde............................................................................................................1"%


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Peace Corps / Morocco • 3

2ocabular( Inde..........................................................................................................1"&


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IntroductionLearning Moroccan ArabicEven under the best conditions, learning a new language can be challenging. Add to this challenge the rigors of Peace

Corps training, and ou!re faced with what will be one of the "ost de"anding#and rewarding#aspects of our Peace Corps

e$perience% learning to co""unicate to Moroccans in their own language. &ut it can be done. And rest assured that ou

can do it. 'ere are a few reasons wh%

• You are immersed in the language: (o"e people "a need to hear a word three ti"es to re"e"ber it) others

"a need thirt. *earning Moroccan Arabic while living and training with Moroccans gives ou the chance to hear

the language used again and again.

• You have daily language classes with Moroccan teachers: +ou!re not onl i""ersed in the language) ou

also have the opportunit to receive feedbac fro" native speaers on the "an -uestions that predictabl crop

up when one learns a new language.

• Peace Corps has over forty years of experience in Morocco: +our training, including this "anual, benefits

fro" the collective e$perience gained b training thousands of A"ericans to live and wor in Morocco. +ou will

benefit fro" and contribute to that legac.

espite these advantages, at ti"es ou "a still feel lie the tas of learning Moroccan Arabic is too "uch to handle.

e"e"ber that volunteers lie ou having been doing it for decades, however. 0ne of the "ost rewarding aspects of our

ti"e will be co""unicating with Moroccans in Arabic, surprising the" and ourself with how well ou now the language.

1hen that ti"e arrives, our hard wor will have been worth it.

ranscription of Moroccan Arabic2n order for trainees to "ove -uicl into Moroccan Arabic also called 4ari5a67, Peace Corps uses a sste" of transcriptionthat substitutes characters of the *atin alphabet a, b, c, d, . . . 7 for characters fro" Arabic script 89: 9; 9

< 9 . . .7. 1iththis sste", it isn!t necessar for a trainee to learn all of Arabic script before he or she begins to learn the language. 0n thecontrar, once ou beco"e fa"iliar with the sste" of transcription, ou will be able to 4read6 and 4write6 Moroccan Arabic

fairl -uicl#using characters ou are fa"iliar with. +ou will also learn Arabic script during training, but with transcriptionit isn!t necessar to now it right awa. Throughout the boo, therefore, ou will alwas see both the original Arabic scriptand the transcription. !ecoming familiar with the Peace Corps" system of transcription is one of the best thingsyou can do# early on# to help yourself learn Moroccan Arabic$ Practicing the different sounds of Moroccan

Arabic until you can reproduce them is another$ This introduction is intended "ainl to help ou get started with thesste" of transcription, and as a result it will "ention onl briefl the different sounds of Arabic. 'owever, a fullere$planation can be found on page =>3.

(ounds +ou Alread ?now The large "a5orit of consonants in Moroccan Arabic are si"ilar to sounds that we have in English. The

vowels in Arabic are also si"ilar to English vowels. 2n the following table, each transcription character thatrepresents a sound you already %now will be e$plained. The sounds are not necessarily what you mayexpect, but each character was "atched with a sound for good reasons.

ranscription Character

ArabicCharacter &escription

a @ / B / so"eti"es the /D/ in 4father,6 so"eti"es the /a/ in 4"ad6b ; the nor"al English sound /b/d the nor"al English sound /d/

e / B

the short 4e6 sound /e/ as in 4"et6 3this transcription character isnot used often, onl when confusion would be caused b using thetranscription character 4a67

f F the nor"al English sound /f/


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G • Moroccan Arabicg H the nor"al English sound /g/ as in 4go6h I the nor"al English sound /h/ as in 4hi.6i J / K the long 4ee6 sound /L/ as in 4"eet6 ' < the /h/ sound represented b the Ns! in 4pleasure6% O the nor"al English sound //l the nor"al English sound /l/

m Q the nor"al English sound /"/n R the nor"al English sound /n/

o S the long 4o6 sound // as in 4bone6 3this transcription character isnot used often, "ainl for Urench words that have entered Moroccan Arabic7

p V the nor"al English sound /p/

r Wthis is not the nor"al English 4r,6 but a 4flap6 si"ilar to the(panish 4r6 or to the sound A"ericans "ae when the-uicl sa 4gotta6 as in 42 gotta go.6

s X the nor"al English sound /s/

t : the nor"al English sound /t/u S the long 4oo6 sound /Y/ as in 4food6v Z the nor"al English sound /v/w S the nor"al English sound /w/y J the nor"al English sound //( [ the nor"al English sound //) \ the nor"al English sound /sh/ as in 4she6

(o"e vowel co"binations

ay J]^ the 4a6 as in 4sa6au S]^ the 4ow6 as in 4cow6iu _`^ the 4ee ou6 as in 4see ou later6

ew (ounds There are eight consonants in Moroccan Arabic that we do not have in English. 2t "a tae ou so"e ti"e tobe able to pronounce these correctl. At this point, what!s i"portant is that ou learn the transcriptioncharacter for each of these sounds. (ee page =>3 for "ore infor"ation on how to pronounce the sounds inMoroccan Arabic.

ranscription Character

ArabicCharacter *ound

d+ the Arabic e"phatic4d6 These sounds are pronounced lietheir none"phatic counterparts,but with a lower pitch and a greatertension in the tongue and throat.

s+ the Arabic e"phatic4s6

t+ the Arabic e"phatic4t6, lie the English // but pronounced further bac in the throat

x lie the Nch! in the er"an 4&ach)6 so"e people use this

sound to sa yech!- lie the x sound above, but pronounced using our voice


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Peace Corps / Morocco • 3bo$) si"ilar to the Urench 4r6

. j lie the English 4h,6 e$cept pronounce deep in the throat asa loud rasp whisper.

k This sound will be difficult at first. 2t can be appro$i"atedb pronouncing the Na! in 4fat6 with the tongue against thebotto" of the "outh and fro" as deep in the throat aspossible

(hedda2f ou see a transcription character doubled, that "eans that a 4shedda6 is over that character in theArabic script. Uor e$a"ple, in the following table, ou will see how the transcription changes for 4shedda,6and thus the pronunciation.

/nglishranslation ranscription

Arabic*cript

wo"an "ra mti"e as in% 42!ve seen

hi" one ti"e67

"arra motice that these two words are spelled differentl in the transcription. The word 4wo"an6 does not have ashedda on the 4r6 in Arabic script, and that is wh there is onl one 4r6 in the transcription. The word 4ti"e6does have a shedda in the Arabic script, and that is wh the transcription doubles the letter 4r.6 hese twowords are pronounced differently# so you must pay attention to doubled letters in transcription$

To learn "ore about how we pronounce the shedda in Arabic, see page =>. Uor now, what!s i"portant is thatou understand the transcription.

0ther ("bols(o"eti"es, ou will see a hyphen used in the transcription. This has three purposes%

1. It indicates the definite article: Uor so"e letters, the definite article the word 4the67 is "ade badding the letter 4l.6 Uor others, it is "ade b doubling the first letter. 2n both cases, a hphen will be

used to indicate to ou that the word has the definite article in front of it. (ee page =>q for "ore infoon the definite article.3. It connects the present tense prefix: The present tense prefi$ 4an,6 4at,6 or 4a67 will be

connected to the verb with a hphen. This will "ae it easier for ou to understand what verb ou arelooing at.

,. It connects the negative prefix 01ma23 and the negative suffix 01)23 to averb.

2n these instances, the hphen does not necessarily indicate a change in pronunciation. The hphen isthere to "ae it eas for ou to see when a definite article is being used, for e$a"ple, or which verb is beingused. 2t is a visual indicator, not an indicator of pronunciation. (o"eti"es the rhth" of speech "a see" tobrea with the hphen) other ti"es the letters before and after the hphen will be pronounced together.

Another s"bol ou will so"eti"es see is the apostrophe 7. 1hen ou see an apostrophe, it indicates a

4glottal stop,6 which is the brea between vowels as heard in the English e$cla"ation 4uh oh.6 That is to sa,if ou see an apostrophe ou should not connect the sounds before the apostrophe with the sounds after theapostrophe. Pronounce the" with a brea in the "iddle.

1ords (llables 1ithout owels(o"eti"es ou will see sllables or even whole words without an vowels written in the". This is nor"al inMoroccan Arabic. To the English speaer, however, this see"s i"possible, since we have alwas been taughtthat all words "ust contain a vowel sound. 1hich side is correct 1ell, in a sense the both are. 2n realit, itis indeed possible to pronounce consonants together without articulating a vowel sound) we do it a lot inEnglish at the beginning of words. Thin about the word street . 1e pronounce three consonants#s, t , and r #without an vowels between the". (o it is possible. The onl challenge with Arabic is that the consonantco"binations are new for English speaers we don!t put the /sh/ sound ne$t to the /"/ sound, for e$a"ple,but in Arabic the do7.

'owever, tr for a "o"ent to pronounce only the letters 4str,6 not the whole word 4street.6 2n this case, "ostEnglish speaers will hear so"ething that sounds like the word 4stir.6 1ith certain consonant co"binations,

his smallcharacter# whichloo%s li%e a 1w#2is the shedda$

hat is why the


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> • Moroccan Arabicthat is to sa, it sounds to the English speaer lie there is a vowel in the "iddle, even if there isn!t. The4vowel6 is in realit 5ust the nor"al sound "ade as one consonant sound transitions to another.

Part of learning Moroccan Arabic is beco"ing co"fortable with new consonant co"binations and practicingthose co"binations without necessaril placing a vowel in the "iddle. The transcription words, ou willnotice, onl include characters for vowels when there reall is a vowel in the word. 2t "a see" difficult atfirst, but it is better to accusto" ourself to this as earl as ou can.

1h ot ust 1rite 4sh6A final point about the transcription. At ti"es it "a see" overl co"plicated to so"eone beginningMoroccan Arabic. Uor e$a"ple, wh doesn!t it 5ust use 4sh6 for the /sh/ sound The answer is this% eversound "ust have 5ust a single character to represent it. 1h 1ell, in Arabic it is nor"al for the /h/ sound tofollow the /s/ sound. 2f we used 4sh6 to represent the /sh/ sound, there would not be an wa to representan /s/ plus /h/ sound, because it too would loo lie 4sh.6 sing the s"bol ) to represent /sh/ "aes itpossible to represent /s/ plus /h/ and /sh/ plus /h/ es, in Arabic both these co"binations are used7.

All of this concerns a larger point% the transcription system used in this boo% may appear complex atfirst# but it has been carefully thought out and in the end it is the easiest sste" possible. That said, thesooner ou can "ae the transition to reading Arabic script, the easier it will be to pronounce Arabic correctl.


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Peace Corps / Morocco •

4etting *tarted with Moroccan Arabic5b'ective: !y the end of the chapter# you will be able to:

6 greet people and introduce yourself 6 use independent pronouns to ma%e simple sentences

6 use possessive pronouns to indicate possession6 distinguish between masculine and feminine nouns

4reetingsCultural Points

reetings and farewells good bes7 are two i"portant aspects of Moroccan life. reetings are not to beco"pared with the -uic A"erican 4hi.6 2t taes ti"e for two people to e$change different -uestions andanswers which interest the" about each other, their fa"ilies, and life in general. reetings change fro" oneregion to another, both in the -uestions posed and in the fashion of the greeting i.e. shaing hands, issingchees head or hands, or putting one!s hand over one!s heart after shaing hands7.

2f ou greet a group of people, then the wa ou greet the first person is the wa ou should greeteverone in the group. on!t be surprised if ou are greeted b a friend but he does not introduce ou toother people with who" he "a be taling. o not be surprised if ou are in a group and ou are not greetedas others are in the group people "a be sh to greet a stranger.7 2t is also not necessar to give an overldetailed response to a greeting#onl the usual response is e$pected. Uor e$a"ple, 4'ow are ou6 re-uiresonl a si"ple 4Uine, thans be to od.6

How do people greet eachother in different cultures?

reeting e$pressions and appropriate responsesA% Peace be upon ou&% And peace be upon outoo7

ssala"u alau"wa alau" ssala"

xy z `{ B |B Qz }~ B Q}~ B xy z `{ B |B SB

A% ood "orning&% ood "orning

s€ba' l?'irs€ba' l?'ir

` j]‚ƒ ` j]‚ƒ

A% ood afternoon / evening&% ood afternoon / evening

"sa l?'ir"sa l?'ir

` ]~m ` ]~m

na"e s"ia „`…†1hat!s our na"e ‡nu/chnou s"it ˆ‰Š`…† _‹Œ" na"e... s"iti... Š`…†...our na"e... s"it... ‰Š`…†...his na"e... s"itu... _Š`…†...her na"e... s"itha... ]ŽŠ`…†...ice to "eet ou. "trfin `‘’Šm'ow are ou "asc.7 if dar ˆ“ ”`'ow are ou fe".7 if dara ˆ“ ”`Are ou fine labas ˆX]– —

ood, thans be to od. labas, l˜a"dullah ™{ š z …› B X]– —


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q • Moroccan Arabic

ood, thans be to od. bi$ir, lã"dullah ™{ š z …› B `–KEverthing is fine. uli bi$ir `–K ’{z

oodbe bsla"a „m}~ ;ood night lala sa ida š`œ† „{`B

reetings ialogue ohn% ssala"u alau". xy z `{ B |B Qz }~ B R_%

Moha"ed% wa alau" ssala". Q}~ B xy z `{ B |B SB š…›m% ohn% if dar ˆ“ ”` R_%

Moha"ed% labas, lã"dullah. u nta ˆž B Ÿ S .™{ š z …› B X]– — š…›m% ohn% bi$ir, lã"dullah. ™{ š z …› B `–K R_%

Moha"ed% nu s"it ˆ‰Š`…† _‹Œ š…›m% ohn% s"iti ohn. u nta ˆž B Ÿ S .R_ Š`…† R_%

Moha"ed% s"iti Moha"ed. š…›m Š̀ …† š…›m% ohn% "trfin. `‘’Šm R_%

Moha"ed% "trfin. `‘’Šm š…›m%

/xercise: Put this dialogue in the correct order$Chris% s€bah lhir. ` j]‚ƒ “%A"% "trfin. `‘’Šm …“8%Chris% if dara ˆ“ ”` “%A"% nu s"it ˆ‰Š`…† _‹Œ …“8%Chris% labas, lha"dullah. ™{ š z …› B X]– — “%A"% s"iti A". …“8 Š`…† …“8%Chris% s"iti Chris. u nti ˆž K Ÿ S .“ Š`…† “%

A"% s€bah lhir. ` j]‚ƒ …“8%Chris% "trfin. `‘’Šm “%A"% bihir, lha"dullah. u nta ™{ š z …› B `–K …“8%

Independent Pronouns1e call the following pronouns 4independent6 because the are not attached to other words, suchas nouns, verbs, or prepositions see 4Possessive Pronouns,6 ne$t page, and 40b5ect Pronouns,6page 37. The pronouns are often used in a nu"ber of different was.

2 ana ]Ÿ8

ou "asc. singular7 nta ž B Ÿ

Transcription e"inder ¡ see page = for the full table with all transcription characters.DEthe /sh/ sound as in “she”aEthe ‘a’ in “father” or the ‘a’ in “mad”@Ethe ‘ch’ in the German “Bach” or

theiEthe ‘ee’ in “meet”Scottish “loch” See page144.uEthe ‘oo’ in “food”


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Peace Corps / Morocco • ¢

ou fe". singular7 nti ž K Ÿhe huwa _B Izshe hia B IKwe '!na ]‹£

ou plural7 ntu"a ]…Š z Ÿthe hu"a ]…Iz

1hen the are followed b a noun or an ad5ective, the verb 4to be6 is not necessar. 2t is i"pliedalread, and si"ple sentences can be "ade b using independent pronouns with a nouns orad5ectives.

2 a" a teacher. ana ustad. ]Š†8z ]Ÿ8.(he is tired. hia iana. „Ÿ]` ¤ | B IK .

Transcription e"inder ¡ see page = for the full table with all transcription characters.'Ethe normal English /h/ sound as inElike the English “h” e!cept pronounce it“hello.”deep in the

throat as a loud rasp" #hisper. See page 14$.


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¥ • Moroccan Arabic

Possessive Pronouns2n ari5a, a suffi$ ending7 "a be added to the end of words in order to e$presspossession.

" i / a¦ ]`^ / ^

our singular7 ‰^ his u / h¦ ™^ / _^ her ha ]Ž^our na ]‹^our plural7 u" xy z ^ their hu" xŽ z ^

¦ Uor the 4"6 and 4his6 for"s, the first ending is used for words ending in consonants, while the second isused with words ending in vowels. Uor e$a"ple, smiti " na"e7, but xuya " brother7.

E$a"ple of possessive pronouns with the noun 4boo.6

boo tab ;]Š" boo tabi –]Šour sing.7 boo tab ‰–]Šhis boo tabu _–]Šher boo tabha ]Ž–]Šour boo tabna ]‹–]Šour plur.7 boo tabu" xy z –]Štheir boo tabhu" xŽ z –]Š

Most fe"inine nouns in Arabic have an 4a6 sound at the end of the word. 2n Arabic script, this 4a6 is actuall asilent 1t2 that is onl pronounced on certain occasions. Uor all fe"inine words ending in this silent 4t6 7,we drop the sound 4a6 and substitute it with 4t6 before adding a possessive pronoun. Uor e$a"ple, thefe"inine noun magana a watch7.

watch "agana „Ÿ]§mB" watch "aganti ŠŸ]§mBour sing.7 watch "agant ‰ŠŸ]§mBhis watch "agantu _ŠŸ]§mBher watch "agantha ]ŽŠŸ]§mB

our watch "agantna ]‹ŠŸ]§mBour plur.7 watch "agantu" xy z ŠŸ]§mBtheir watch "aganthu" xŽ z ŠŸ]§mB

E$ercise% se the following words with the appropriate possessivepronoun.

• d€ar house7 • blas€a place7 • tab boo7 • wr-a sheet of paper,ticet7=. our plur.7 house q. their place

G. " place ¢. her house3. his boo ¥. his ticet


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Peace Corps / Morocco • ¨

>. our place ¨. our sing.7 boo. our sing.7 ticet =©. their house

Masculine and 7eminine 8ouns2n Arabic, all nouns are either "asculine or fe"inine. 2n general, nouns ending in 4a6 thesilent 4t6 7 in Arabic script7 are fe"inine. Uor e$a"ple%

na"e s"ia „`…†cit "dina „‹“šmchicen a single one7 d5a5a „]television tlfaa ª« B {¬

The fe"inine is for"ed fro" the "asculine for nouns indicating professions orparticiples7 b adding 4a6 the silent 4t6 7 in Arabic script7 to the end of the word. Uore$a"ple%

"ale teacher ustad ]Š†8z

fe"ale teacher ustada ]Š†8z

woring "asc.participle7 $dda" Qš

woring fe". participle7 $dda"a „mš

(o"e words without 4a6 the silent 4t6 7 in Arabic script7 are nonetheless fe"inine.Uirst, words and proper na"es which are b their nature fe"inine%

"other o" Q8z

A"al girl!s na"e7 a"al ®mB 8B

(econd, "ost though not all7 parts of the bod that co"e in pairs are fe"inine%

an ee

in `|a hand d š“a foot r5l ®Wan ear udn RS

Third, a s"all nu"ber of nouns which do not fall into an categor and et are fe"inine%

the house d€d€ar Wšthe sun "s …’

Transcription e"inder ¡ see page = for the full table with all transcription characters. Ethe /%h/ sound like the ‘s’ in the &emem'er that if t#o characters in a ro# are#ord “pleasure.”thesame a “shedda” is used and #e pronouncekESee page 14(.that sound longer. See pages ) and

14(.


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=© • Moroccan Arabic

&escribing Yourself 5b'ective: !y the end of the chapter# you will be able to:

6 as% and answer ,uestions about nationalities# cities# age# andmarital status

6 use the possessive word 1dyal2 to indicate possession6 use demonstrative pronouns and ad'ectives in simple sentences6 as% ,uestions about possession

Cultural PointsAvoid asing about the salar and age so"eti"es7 of people, especiall wo"en.

Men should not en-uire about the wives or other fe"ale relations of so"eone#this couldbe seen as e$pressing an inappropriate interest. People won!t alwas tell ou about their

5obs and other personal concerns if not ased. eligion can be a sensitive issue andso"eti"es people are not willing to e$press their views.

8ationalities# Cities# and Marital *tatus

ocabular and E$pressions1here are ou "asc.7fro" "nin nta ˆž B Ÿ `‹m

1here are ou fe".7 fro" "nin nti ˆž K Ÿ `‹m2 a" fro" the .(. ana "n "irian. R]y“mK m ]Ÿ8.2 a" A"erican. ana "iriania7. 7Ÿ]y“mK ]Ÿ87.2 a" fro" Morocco. ana "n l"¯rib. ; K °… m ]Ÿ8.2 a" Moroccan. ana "¯ribia7. 7– K °m ]Ÿ87.Are ou ... we nta/nti ... ˆ ... ž K Ÿ / ž B Ÿ \SAre ou fro" the .(. we nta/nti "n "irian ˆR]y“mK m ž K Ÿ / ž B Ÿ \S1here are ou fro" in the.(. "nin nta/nti f "irian ˆR]y“mK F ž K Ÿ / ž B Ÿ `‹m

And ou u nta/nti ˆž K Ÿ / ž B Ÿ Scit "dina „‹“šmstate wilaa „“—SKbig fe".7 bira `‚s"all fe".7 s€̄ ira `°ƒ

E$cuse "e. to "an /wo"an7 s"˜ li / s"˜i li ›…† / ±…†2 a" not ... ana "ai ... Œ]m ]Ÿ8 ...but welain y K B SBengaged fe".7 "$t€uba „–_²m"arried "asc. / fe".7 "uw5 / "uw5a „S ªm /


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Peace Corps / Morocco • ==

ialogueUati"a% ssala"u alau". xy z `{ B |B Qz }~ B „…¶K ]‘%

To"% wa alau" ssala". Q}~ B xy z `{ B |B SB Q_¶%Uati"a% s"˜ li, we nta fransawi ˆJS]~Ÿ B ‘ ž B Ÿ \S 9 ±…† „…¶K ]‘%

To"% lla, ana "iriani. Ÿ]y“mK ]Ÿ8 9—. Q_¶%

Uati"a% "nin f "irian ˆR]y“mK F `‹m „…¶K ]‘% To"% "n "dint (eattle f wilaat1ashington. u nti

S .² z ‹ŒS „“—SK F ®¬]`† „‹“šm mˆž K Ÿ Q_¶%

Uati"a% "n abat. ]– m. „…¶K ]‘% To"% ˜al f "r ˆO…| F ]›Œ Q_¶%

Uati"a% tnan u rin a". u nta ˆž B Ÿ S .Q]| “’| S `‹ B ¬ „…¶K ]‘% To"% rb a u tlatin a". Q]| `¬}¬ S „œ–W. Q_¶%

Uati"a% we nta "uw5 wlla "aal ˆ[]m — S


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=G • Moroccan Arabic

/xercise:Complete each section of this dialogue$


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Peace Corps / Morocco • =3

he Possessive 9ord 1dyal22n Moroccan Arabic, ou have alread learned that possession can be e$pressed badding the possessive pronouns to the end of a word see page ¥7. Another wa toe$press possession is through the word dyal. 2t is placed after a noun with the definitearticle 4the,6 which in Arabic "a be either the letter 4l6 or a doubling of the first

consonant of a word see page =>q for "ore infor"ation on the Arabic definite article7. The sa"e possessive pronouns ou learned before are attached to the end of dyal. +oucan also use a na"e with dyal. (o"e e$a"ples%

sing Possessive Pronoun sing 1dyal2

boo tab;]Š

the boo ltab;]Šy

" boo tabi–]Š

" boo ltab dali]“ ;]Šy

ohn!s boo ltab dal ohnR_ ]“ ;]Šy

'ere is a list of dyal with all of the possessive pronoun endings%

" / "ine dali ]“our / ours sing.7 dal ‰]“his / his dalu _]“her / hers dalha ]Ž]“our / ours dalna ]‹]“our / ours dalu" xy z ]“

their / theirs dalhu" xŽ z ]“As the list above shows, the for"s dyali, dyal% , etc. also "ean 4"ine,6 4ours,6 etc.

This pen is "ine. had sstilo dali. ]“ _{`Š~ šIB . That rug is ours. di rbia dal. ‰]“ „`–Wª ‰“.

/xercise:*ubstitute the underlined words by thecorresponding possessive pronoun endings$

=. sstilu dal ohn. R_ ]“ _{`Š~.G. ltab dal A"ber. ‚m8 ]“ ;]Šy.3. d€d€ar dal riss u ·ubida. š`–S[ S “W ]“ Wš.


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=> • Moroccan Arabic

&emonstrative Ad'ectives ; &emonstrativePronouns

his, that, these, and those are used often in Arabic, lie in English. &ut, unlie inEnglish, in Arabic we "ust be aware of whether the act as ad5ectives or pronouns. Thin

about how we use these words in English. (o"eti"es, we use the" before a noun. 1henwe use the" before a noun, the are called de"onstrative ad5ectives.This car is John’s. I like these towels.I want that book. Those flowers smell lovely.

(o"eti"es, we use the" b the"selves. 2n this case, the are called de"onstrativepronouns.

This is John’s. I like these.I want that . Those smell lovely.

2t isn!t necessar to now their na"es, but it is necessar to pa attention to whetherthe are before a noun or not. *et!s first loo at the pronoun for"s in Arabic, which ouwill use often even as a beginner.

e"onstrative Pronounsthis "asc.7 hada šIBthis fe".7 hadi JšIBthese plur.7 hadu SšIBthat "asc.7 hada OšIBthat fe".7 hadi ‰“šIBthose plur.7 hadu OSšIB

These for"s "a be used at the beginning of a sentence, in the "iddle or at the end of asentence, or in -uestions. 2n Arabic, these pronouns can represent people.

This is a chair. hada ursi. †z šIB . This is a table. hadi t€bla. „{‚¶ JšIB . This is Abdallah. hada Abdallah. ™{š‚| šIB . This is Aicha. hadi Aicha. „’`| JšIB .1hat!s this "asc. ob5ect7 nu / a hada ˆšIB \8 / _‹Œ1hat!s this fe". ob5ect7 nu / a hadi ˆJšIB \8 / _‹Œ1ho is this "asc.7 un hada ˆšIB R_yŒ1ho is this fe".7 un hadi ˆJšIB R_yŒ

1hat is that "asc. ob5ect7 nu / a hada ˆOšIB \8 / _‹Œ1ho is that fe".7 un hadi R_yŒˆ‰“šIB

At first, ou "a have difficult nowing whether to use the "asculine or fe"inine for" ofthis or that. Moroccans should understand ou even if ou "ae an error with gender,however.

/xercise:9rite as many correct sentences as you can using thewords from the following table$


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=q • Moroccan Arabic

e"onstrative Ad5ectivesthis/these "asc. / fe". /plur.7 had šIB

that "asc.7 da Othat fe".7 di ‰“those plur.7 du OS

As ou can see, the this


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two hours and 2 a" waitingfor ou.7'e!s been asleep for a longti"e. *iterall% This is a longti"e and he is sleeping.7

hadi "uda u huwa na

s. |]Ÿ _ B Iz S šmz JšIB .

'e!s been in Morocco forthree ears. *iterall% This isthree ears and he is inMorocco.7

hadi tlt snin u huwaf l"a¯rib. ; K °… F _ B Iz S `‹† ž{¬ JšIB .

As%ing about Possession The possessive word dyal ]“7 "a be used with mn m7 to "ean 4whose.6

1hose boo is this dyal mn had ltab ˆ;]Šy šIB m ]“ This is A"ber!s boo. had ltab dal A"ber. ‚m8 ]“ ;]Šy šIB .

2s this 'icha"!s boo we had ltab dal 'icha" ˆQ]’I ]“ ;]Šy šIB \So, it!s not his. lla, "ai dalu. _]“ Œ]m 9—.1hose house is this dyal mn had d€d€ar ˆWš šIB m ]“

This house is Malia!s. had d€d€ar dal Malia. „y`{mB ]“ Wš šIB .2s this house Malia!s we had d€d€ar dal Malia ˆ„y`{mB ]“ Wš šIB \S

+es, it!s hers. ieh, dalha. ]Ž]“ 9™“¸.

eD 'adddar d*al € €Malia

i*e'#d*al'a.


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=¥ • Moroccan Arabic

/xercise:As% a ,uestion about possession for each picture$hen# give the correct answer$ he first one is done foryou$

Q: dyal mn had l-bisklit?A: had l-bisklit dyal Hassan.

Hassan

šIB m ]“ˆž`{y~‚ K ]“ ž`{y~‚ K šIB

~£.

SaidQ: _______________________?A: ___________________Said. +++++++++++++++ ̂

++++++++++++ š`œ†.

Q: _______________________?

A: __________________Ahmed.

Ahmed

+++++++++++++++ ̂ ++++++++++++ š…£8.

Q: _______________________?

A: ___________________Aziz.

Aziz

+++++++++++++++ ̂ ++++++++++++ ª“ª|.

,

,

,

,


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seful /xpressions'ere are so"e e$pressions to help ou with ho"esta, travel, and other situations whereour language "a not et be at a point where ou are able to co""unicate well inMoroccan Arabic. 2f ou follow the pronunciation of the transcriptions, Moroccans should

understand ou. More e$pressions can be found in the appendi$. (ee page =¢.Mealti"e E$pressions2n the na"e of od said whenou begin an activit% eating,drining, woring, studing,traveling, etc.7.

bis"illah ™{ x K ~–K

Thans to od said afterfinishing a "eal, or aftere$pressing that all is well in life7.

l˜a"dullah ™{ š z …› B

2 don!t eat ... "eateggsfishchicen

"aanaul...ll˜" lbid€ l˜ut dd5a5

:_› / ¹`‚ / x›{ º{]‹B ]m


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G© • Moroccan Arabic

E$pressions for ightti"e / (leeping2!" tired. "ale speaer7 ana ian. R]` | ]Ÿ8.2!" tired. fe"ale speaer7 ana iana. „Ÿ]` | ]Ÿ8.2 want to read a little bit. b¯it n-ra wia. „“_Œ @»Ÿ ž`°–.

2 want to go to bed. b¯it nn

s. œŸ ž`°–.1here 2 a" going to sleep fin ¯adi nn s. ˆœŸ J]½ `‘E$cuse "e, 2 want to go tobed. addressing a group ofpeople7

s"˜u li, b¯it n"i nn

s. œŸ ’…Ÿ ž`°– 9 _›…†.

2 want to go to bed earl. b¯it nn s bri. Jy– œŸ ž`°–.2 want to get up earl. b¯it nfi- bri. Jy– Á`«Ÿ ž`°–.2 want a blanet. b¯it wa˜d l"ant€a. „²Ÿ]… š£S ž`°–.

'giene/Cleanliness E$pressions2 want to wash " handswith soap. b¯it n¯sl ddi b s€s€abun. R_–]¿ ; Jš “ ®~°Ÿ ž`°–.

2 want to brush " teeth. b¯it n¯sl snani. Ÿ]‹† ®~°Ÿ ž`°–.2 want hot water, please. b¯it l"a ss$un afa. R_~ ]… ž`°–.2 want to tae a shower. b¯it nduw. \SšŸ ž`°–.2 want to go to theha""a". b¯it n"i l˜""a". Q]… › ’…Ÿ ž`°–.

2 want to change " clothes. b¯it nbddl ̃ wa5i. Â“_£ š ‚Ÿ ž`°–.

1here is the toilet fin bit l"a ˆ]… ž`– `‘2 want to do laundr. b¯it ns€bbn ̃wa5i. Â“_£ ‚ ¿Ÿ ž`°–.1here can 2 do laundr fin "n ns€bbn ̃ wa5i. Â“_£ ‚ ¿Ÿ y…“ `‘.

0ffering 'elp / Asing for UavorsCan 2 help ou we n awn ˆ‰ŸS]œŸ \SE$cuse "e. to a "an7 s"˜ li. ±…†.E$cuse "e. to a wo"an7 s"˜i li. ›…†.

ive "e ... please.

t€ini ... afa. O]«|B ... ‹`²|.&eing (ic2!" sic. "ale speaer7 ana "rid€. ¹“m ]Ÿ8.2!" sic. fe"ale speaer7 ana "rid€a. „¼“m ]Ÿ8.2 want to rest a bit. b¯it nrta˜ swia. „“ _† j]¬Ÿ ž`°–.o ou feel better briti wia ˆ„“ _Œ Š“–

Transportation E$pressions2 want to go to ... b¯it n"i l ... ’…Ÿ ž`°– ...


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Tae "e to ... please. ddini l ... afa. O]«|B ... ‹“.(top here, please. w-f hna afa. O]«|B ]‹I ”³S.2s the "eter on we luntur $dda" ˆQš W_ŠŸ_y \S

Turn on the "eter, please. $dd" luntur afa. O]«|B W_ŠŸ_y Qš .

esponses to Proble"s/ifficulties/Apologies2t!s not a proble". "ai "uil. ®y K ’mz Œ]m.

There is no proble". "aan "uil. ®y K ’mz “] ]m.

CongratulationsCongratulations. "bru OS‚m'app holida. "bru l id. š`œ OS‚m.Ma od grant ou grace.response to the above7 lla bar fi. ‰`‘ OW]‚“ ™{.

Co""unication2 don!t understand. "afh"t. ºŠ…Ž‘ ]m.2 don!t now. "an rf. FœŸ ]m.(lowl please. b wia afa. O]«|B „“_Œ ;.epeat please. to a "an7 awd afa. O]«|B S]|.epeat please. to a wo"an7 awdi afa. O]«|B JS]|.

1hat did ou sa nu glti ˆŠ{Ã _‹Œ


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GG • Moroccan Arabic

8umerals5b'ective: !y the end of the chapter# you will be able to :

6 count in Moroccan Arabic6 combine numbers with nouns to indicate amounts

6 as% and answer ,uestions about time1hen we tal about nu"erals, we want to be able to do two things. Uirst, we have to beable to count. That is, we have to learn our nu"bers. (econd, we have to be able to usethe nu"bers with ob5ects. 2n other words, we have to be able to sa things lie 4fiveapples6 or 4twentseven students6 or 4one hundred fortthree volunteers.62n English, we never thin of these two tass separatel. 1e si"pl use a nu"ber inco"bination with the plural for" of so"e ob5ect. 2n Arabic, however, we have to learnhow to co"bine different nu"bers with ob5ects, so"eti"es using a plural for",so"eti"es a singular, so"eti"es with a letter in between the two, so"eti"es not. As inall things Arabic, what see"s difficult now beco"es natural with ti"e.

Cardinal 8umbersCardinal nu"bers refer to the nor"al nu"bers we use one, two, three...7. The aredifferent than ordinal nu"bers first, second, third...7 and fractions onehalf, onethird,onefourth...7. Uor now, we start with the cardinal nu"bers. 1e will wor with ordinalnu"bers and fractions later.

u"bers = thru =©2n Moroccan Arabic, there are two was to co"bine the nu"bers 3 thru =© with an ob5ect.1e so"eti"es use the 4full6 or nor"al for" of the nu"ber, and so"eti"es we use a4short6 for" of the nu"ber. 'ere is a table listing the full for" of nu"bers = thru =© andthe short for" of nu"bers 3 thru =©.

7ull 7orms *hort 7orms

one "asc.7 wa˜d š£S Ä Äone fe".7 w˜da š£S Ä Ätwo 5u5


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Peace Corps / Morocco • G3

Uor the nu"bers 3 thru =©, we co"bine the full form of a nu"ber and a noun lie this%number 0full form3 = d 0 3 = plural noun with definite article

Uor the nu"bers 3 thru =©, we co"bine the short form of a nu"ber and a noun lie this%number 0short form3 = plural noun 0no definite article3

Eight boos using full for"7 t"na d ltub ;_Šy „`‹…¬Uive dirha"s using fullfor"7 $"sa d ddrah" xIWš „~…

Uive dirha"s using shortfor"7 $"s drah" xIW …

The nu"bers one and two have so"e special -ualities.

The nu"ber one wa.d


27/196

G> • Moroccan Arabic

*ingular 7orm &ual 7orm

da u" Q_“ u"an `mB _“"onth hr ŽŒ hran “ B ŽŒear a" Q]| a"an `mB]|

&ut...

*ingular 7orm Plural 7orm

wee si"ana „Ÿ]…`† 5u5 d ssi"anat © ... ¨¨Uor a "ultiple of ten G©, 3©, >© etc.7 in Arabic, we si"pl use the na"e for that nu"ber,lie in English. Uor nu"bers such as G=, GG, or G3, however, it is not lie English. 2nArabic, the 4ones6 digit is pronounced first, followed b the word 4and,6 then followed bthe 4tens6 digit. Uor e$a"ple, in Arabic the nu"ber G= is literall 4one and twent6 whilethe nu"ber >¢ is literall 4seven and fort.6 Also, re"e"ber that for the nu"bers GG, 3G,

>G, G, qG, ¢G, ¥G, and ¨G, we do not use 'u'. ather, we use tnayn. 'ere is a list of the"ultiples of ten, with e$a"ples of nu"bers between each "ultiple%

r J WKor

l JK

+es # thesingularÅ2n Arabic, theplural for" isonl used fornu"bers G


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Peace Corps / Morocco • G

twent rin “’|twentoneliterall% one and twent wa˜d u rin “’| S š£S

twenttwoliterall% two and twent

e"e"ber% 4tnayn,6 not 4 'u'6

tnan u rin “’| S `‹ B ¬

twentthreeliterall% three and twent tlata u rin “’| S „¬}¬

twentfour rb a u rin “’| S „œ–Wthirt tlatin `¬}¬

thirtone wa˜d u tlatin `¬}¬ S š£Sthirttwo tnan u tlatin `¬}¬ S `‹ B ¬thirtthree tlata u tlatin `¬}¬ S „¬}¬

fort rb in `œ–W

fortone wa˜d u rb in `œ–W S š£Sforttwo tnan u rb in `œ–W S `‹ B ¬

fift $"sin `~…si$t sttin `Š †sevent sb in `œ‚†eight t"anin `Ÿ]…¬ninet ts in `œ~¬

ninetnine ts ud u ts in `œ~¬ S _œ~¬

Uor nu"bers G© thru ¨¨, we can co"bine a nu"ber and a noun lie this%number = singular noun 0no definite article3

forttwo ears tnan u rb in a" Q]| `œ–W S `‹ B ¬ninet dirha"s ts in drh" xIW `œ~¬thirteight boos t"na u tlatin tab ;]Š `¬}¬ S „`‹…¬

u"bers =©©, G©©, 3©© ... ¨¨¨ The Arabic word for =©© is miya. Uor G©©, there is a dual for" of miyatayn. Uor 3©© thru

¨©©, we use the short for" of the nu"bers 3 thru ¨ plus miya. Uor nu"bers such as =©¢or G¢, we will use the appropriate "ultiple of =©© followed b the word 4and6 and thenthe rest of the nu"ber. (o"e e$a"ples%

one hundred "ia „^` ^mone hundred oneliterall% one hundred and one "ia u wa˜d š£S S „` m

one hundred twoliterall% one hundred and two "ia u 5u5


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Gq • Moroccan Arabic

one hundred twentoneliterall% one hundred and oneand twent

"ia u wa˜d u rin “’| S š£S S „` m

one hundred twenttwoliterall% one hundred and twoand twent

"ia u tnan u rin “’| S `‹ B ¬ S „` m

one hundred ninetnine "ia u ts ud u ts in `œ~¬ S _œ~¬ S „` mtwo hundred "iatan ^`^Š B ^` ¤ ^m

two hundred fiftsevenliterall% two hundred andseven and fift

"iatan u sb

a u $"sin `~… S „œ‚† S `Š B ` ¤ m

three hundred tlt "ia „` m ž{¬three hundred fortfiveliterall% three hundred and fiveand fort

tlt "ia u $"sa u rb

in `œ–W S „~… S „` m ž{¬

four hundred rb "ia „` m µ–W

five hundred $"s "ia „` m …si$ hundred stt "ia „` m ž †seven hundred sb "ia „` m µ‚†eight hundred t"n "ia „` m …¬nine hundred ts "ia „` m µ~¬

nine hundred ninetnine ts "ia u ts ud u ts in `œ~¬ S _œ~¬ S „` m µ~¬

/xact "ultiples of =©© =©©, 3©©, >©©, etc. ¡ not =3¢ or G¢¥7 are co"bined with a nounlie this%

number = t 0:3 = singular nounfour hundred chairs rb "iat ursi †z „` m µ–Wsi$ hundred ral stt "iat ral ]“W „` m ž †

&ut when a nu"ber between =©© and ¨¨¨ is not an e$act "ultiple of =©© e.g. =q¢, >¨G,©>7, we co"bine the nu"ber with a noun according to the rule for the final digits of thenu"ber.

=© boos use the rule for 467 "ia u $"sa d ltub ;_Šy „~… S „` mG=> boos use the rule for4=>67 "iatan u rb t€a r tab ;]Š W \]²œ–W S `Š B ` ¤ m

q¢ boos use the rule for4¢67 stt "ia u sb a u $"sintab ;]Š `~… S „œ‚† S „` m ž †

/xercise:Match the number with the correct Arabic translation$

=¨¨ "ia u ts ud u rb in `œ–W S _œ~¬ S „` B mG ts ud u sttin `Š † S _œ~¬

== "ia u stta u $"sin `~… S „Š † S „` m=>¨ $"sa u sb in `œ‚† S „~…

=3¢ "ia u ts

ud u ts

in `œ~¬ S _œ~¬ S „` m¢ ˜d€a \]¼£


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31/196

G¥ • Moroccan Arabic

u"bers larger than =©©© that are not e$act "ultiples of =©©© are co"bined with nounsaccording to the rules for the final digits, as ou saw with nu"bers that were not e$act"ultiples of =©©.

*arger u"bers

*ingular Plural"illions7 "lun R_`{m "lan “}mbillions7 "lar W]`{m "lar “}m

/xercise:Correctly combine numbers with nouns by filling inthe blan%s using the following numbers and anynecessary letters: ?# @# # ?@# B# D# or ?$ heremay be more than one correct answer for each$

3 d lbnat the girls7 :]‹‚ 3 d€ar house7 W

stilu pen7 _{`Š†

drh" dirha"7 xIW"utat€awwi

volunteer7 k_ Æ ² B Š B mzr5al "en7 ]W

ustad teacher7 ]Š†8z

ot€il hotel7 ®`¶S8z

"agana watch7 „Ÿ]§ml alat the wo"en7 :—]`œ

5rdinal 8umbers < 7ractions0rdinal u"bersUor nu"bers = thru =G, there is a separate for" for cardinal and ordinal nu"bers. Uro"=3 on there is no difference between the cardinal and ordinal nu"ber.

first lluwl _ {

second tteni Ÿ]Šthird ttalt ž]Šfourth rrab µ–fifth l$a"s m]si$th ssat / ssads X]~ / :]~seventh ssab µ–]~eighth tta"n m]Šninth ttas µ†]Š

tenth l

ar Œ]œeleventh l˜ad€ ºÇ]›


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Peace Corps / Morocco • G¨

twelfth t€t€an ºŸ]²

0rdinal nu"bers act lie ad5ectives, and therefore "ust agree in gender and nu"ber withthe noun the describe. *isted are the "asculine singular for"s. To "ae the fe"inine

for", add a 7 to the ordinal nu"ber. To "ae it plural, add in “7.Masculine 7eminine Plural

firstlluwl lluwla lluwlin_{ „_{ `_{

thirdttalt ttalta ttaltin

ž]Š „Š]Š `Š]Š

Uractionshalf ns€ ÈŸ

third tulut ž{ z ¬zfourth rubu / rb µ–W / µ–z Wz

ime To e$press ti"e, we use the de"onstrative pronoun hadi and the appropriate nu"berwith the definite article see page =>q for "ore info on the definite article7. This "eansthat for =%©©, %©©, =©%©©, and ==%©©, we will use the letter l 7 before the nu"ber, whilefor the others, we will double the first consonant.

one lw˜da š£_ sevenssb

a„œ‚~two 55u5


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3© • Moroccan Arabic

2t is five "inutes past two. hadi 55u5 u -s€". x¿³ S © 55u5 u tulut ž{ z ¬z S


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Peace Corps / Morocco • 3=

/xercise:4ive the time in Arabic for each cloc% or watch$


35/196

3G • Moroccan Arabic

4etting *tarted *hopping5b'ective: !y the end of the chapter# you will be able to:

6 convert between dirhams# ryals# and fran%s6 buy items you need from a store

6 use the verb 1b-a2 in simple sentences to indicate a desire6 indicate the presence or absence or someone or something with1%ayn2

MoneylEflus X_{«

1hen converting rals to dirha"s, divide b G©.e.g. =©© rals% =©© ÷ G© É '.

Uro" frans to rals, divide b . Uor e$a"ple, G©© frans ÷ É >© rals.Uro" frans to dirha"s, divide b =©©. Uor e$a"ple, G©© frans ÷ =©© É G '.Uro" rals to dirha"s, divide b G©. Uor e$a"ple, >© rals ÷ G© É G '.

Uro" rals to frans, "ultipl b . Uor e$a"ple, >© rals×

É G©© frans.Uro" dirha"s to rals, "ultipl b G©. Uor e$a"ple, G ' × G© É >© rals.Uro" dirha"s to frans, "ultipl b =©©. Uor e$a"ple, G ' × =©© É G©© frans.

/xercise:Convert the money amounts$=. Convert to dirha"s

3 ral =© ral 3q ral G¢© ral ralG. Convert to rals

=©Ê ' 3© ' G ' =G ' =¨ '

1&& fran 3& r*al1 dir'a

× 5

÷ 5

× 1&&

÷ 1&&

× 3&

÷ 3&


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At the Fanootocabularstore ˜anut :_Ÿ]£ peanuts aw aw S] S]store eeper "ul l˜anut :_Ÿ]› _m al"onds llu [_{soda l"onada ]Ÿ_… bottle l-r a „|»

chocolate lat€ }y’ bottle ofwater -r a d l"a ]… „|³

candies l˜lwa _{› ?leene$ linis y‹ K { K

gu" l"sa „y~… toilet paper ppapii 5ini ‰`‹K ` Æ Ë]Ëcooies lbiswi J_y~‚ K tooth paste dontifris “«Š K ŸS 5uice l as€ir `¿œ B soap s€s€abun R_–]¿bread l$ub ª‚ z sha"poo a"pwan R_‚…’ B

5a" lonfitur W_Š« K ‹y z detergent tid š`¬butter bda š–ª bleach 5avel ®`Ì]

eggs lbid€ ¹`‚ batteries l˜5rat drradu :Â›

_“ogurt danon R_Ÿ raor rrawar WS[

"il l˜lib ¾`{› tobacco store s€s€aa „]¿coffee l-hwa _Ž» cigarettes lgarru SW]§tea ata J]¬8 pacages7 baiat7 :]`y– / „`]–sugar ssar y ¤ ~cheese lfr"a5


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3> • Moroccan Arabic

o, 2 don!t have7. lla, "a ndi. º“š‹| ]m 9—.2s there ... we an ... ˆ ... “] \S

+es, there is. "asc.7 ieh, an / "u5ud __m / “] 9™“¸

+es, there is. fe".7 ieh, ana / "u5uda __m / „‹“] 9™“¸o, there isn!t. "asc.7 lla, "aan. º‹“] ]m 9—o, there isn!t. fe".7 lla, "aana. \]‹“]]m 9—ive "e ... please. t€ini ... afa. O]«|B ... ‹`²|.1hat do ou want "a!a" /sir nu b¯iti a lalla/sidi ˆJš`† / }

B 8 Š`°– _‹Œ

'ow "uch b˜al ]›’–o ou have change we nd s€s€rf ˆF¿ Oš‹| \So ou have change for ... we nd s€s€rf dal.. ˆ ... ]“ F¿ Oš‹| \S

Literliter itru S¬¸Í liter rubu itru S¬¸ µ–z WzÊ liter ns€ itru S¬¸ ÈŸ= liter wa˜d itru S¬¸ š£SG liters 5u5 itru S¬¸ . ˆ„`y–B m ]›Œ. b˜al . ˆ]›’–


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Gerb 1to want22n Moroccan Arabic, the verb 4to want6 is b-a Î°–7. This verb uses the past tense but hasa present tense "eaning. 1hen con5ugated in the present tense, b-a "eans 4to lie6see page ¨q7.

2 want b¯it ž`°–ou want sing.7 b¯iti Š`°–he wants b¯a Î°–she wants b¯at :]°–we want b¯ina ]‹`°–ou want plur.7 b¯itu _Š`°–the want b¯au S]°–

erb Ï oun E$a"ples

2 want tea. b¯it ata. J]¬8 ž`°–.o ou want coffee withsugar we b¯iti l-hwa b sar ˆy

¤ ~ ; _Ž» Š`°– \S

Ali wants a glass of water. Ali b¯a as d l"a. ]… X] Î°– {|.riss and Uati"a don!t wantsoda.

riss u Uati"a "ab¯aul"onada.

\S]°– ]m „…¶K ]‘ S “W]Ÿ_….

/xercise:Ma%e as many sentences as you can$e$g$ Ficham b-a %u%a$

'icha" ]’IQ

bgit `°–ž

ata J]¬8

hia B IK b¯a Î°– l˜lib ¾`{›Uati"a ¶K ]‘

„… b¯au S]°– ˜lwa b lat € ; _{£

}y’huwa _ B Iz b¯at :]°– l-hwa _Ž»hu"a ]…Iz b¯iti Š`°–

as€ir lli"un `¿|B R_…`{

ana ]Ÿ8 b¯ina ]‹`°– -hwa bla sar y † }– _Ž³

˜na ]‹£ b¯itu _Š`°– ua ]_ntu"a ]…Š z Ÿnta ž B Ÿnti ž K Ÿ

*istening E$ercisegarsun% ssala"u alau". xy z `{ B |B Qz }~ B R_†W]Ã%

A", ac, Chris% wa alau" ssala".

Q}~ B xy z `{ B |B SB S 9O] 9…“8“%

garsun% a ˜b l$at€r ˆ¶] ¾£ \8 R_†W]Ã%


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3q • Moroccan Arabic

ac% ana b¯it as€ir lli"un. R_…`{ `¿|B ž`°– ]Ÿ8. O]%garsun% wa$$a a sidi, u nta ˆž B Ÿ S 9Jš`† 8 ] SB R_†W]Ã%

Chris% ana b¯it -hwa ns€ ns€. ÈŸ ÈŸ _Ž³ ž`°– ]Ÿ8. “%garsun% wa$$a a sidi, u nti ˆž K Ÿ S 9Jš`† 8 ] SB R_†W]Ã%

A"% b¯it -hwa ˜la. „{› _Ž³ ž`°–. …“8%garsun% "r˜ba, la rras u l in. `œ S X Î{| 9]‚£m. R_†W]Ã%

=. nu b¯a ac =. ˆO] Î°– _‹ŒG. we A" b¯at ̃ lib s$un G. ̂R_† ¾`{£ :]°– …“8 \S3. nu b¯a Chris 3. ˆ“ Î°– _‹Œ

Hayn for 1here is2 The words %ayn, %ayna, and %aynin are actuall the participles for the verb 4to be.6 2nari5a, however, we use the" "ost often in the sense of 4there is6 or 4there are.6

Affirmativethere is "asc. sing.7 an “]there is fe". sing.7 ana „‹“]there are plur.7 anin `‹“]

8egative

there is not "asc. sing.7 "aan º‹“] ]mthere is not fe". sing.7 "aana \]‹“] ]mthere are not plur.7 "aanin º‹`‹“] ]m

riss is at ho"e. an riss f d€d€ar. Wš F “W “].2s there water in the bottle we an l"a f l-r a ˆ„|» F ]… “] \S

To" is not at the cafÐ. "aan To" f l-hwa. _Ž» F Q_¶ º‹“] ]m. There is food in the fridge. ana l"ala f ttla5a. „}Š F „{]… „‹“]. There are "an boos onthe table.

anin baf d ltub fu-t€bla. „{‚² _‘ ¾Š z y Fª – `‹“].


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7amily5b'ective: !y the end of the chapter# you will be able to:

6 describe family members6 use the verb 1to have2 in simple sentences

Cultural PointsUa"il ties are ver strong in Morocco. Children re"ain in touch or live with the

fa"il even if the get "arried taing into consideration space available within thehouse7. Men are not e$pected to help in the itchen. oles of "en and wo"en "a differin the cit and in the countr.

7amily Membersocabular

wo"an/wife "ra m inlaws7 nsib / nsab / ¾`~Ÿ;]~Ÿ

"an/husband ra5l ®W stepson rbib ¾`–Wgirl/daughter bnt ž‹– stepdaughter rbiba „‚`–Wbo/son wld šS grandfather 5dd š girls/daughters bnat :]‹– grand"other 5dda š bos/sons/children wlad —S

unclepaternal7 "" x |

the parents lwalidin “šK_ aunt paternal7 ""a „… |uncle"aternal7 $al ]

the father lab ;ÑB These for"sare rarelused inMoroccanArabic.(o"eti"esthe are usedwith 4dal.6More often,we use thefor"s 4myfather, 4mysister,6 etc.

aunt"aternal7 $ala „]

the "other lo" QÑz " nephewbrother!s side7 wld $ua ]“_ šS

the brother la$ ÑB " niecebrother!s side7 bnt $ua ]“_ ž‹–

the sister lo$t žÑz " nephewsister!s side7 wld $ti Š šS

" niecesister!s side7 bnt $ti Š ž‹–

"7 brother $ua7 ]“_" cousin"as.,paternal7

wld ""t7i šSŠ… |/… |

brothers/siblings $ut :_

" cousin"as.,"aternal7

wld $alt7i šSŠ]/]

"7 sister $ti7 Š " cousinfe", paternal7 bnt ""t7iž‹–

Š… |/… |

sisters $watat :]¬_ B " cousin bnt $alt7i ž‹–


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3¥ • Moroccan Arabic

fe","aternal7 Š]/]

Uor 4father, "other, brother, sister, aunt, and uncle,6 the word is al"ost alwas used witha possessive pronoun. Thus, we sa 4" father6 or 4his "other6 or 4our brother,6 butrarel ever use the" alone. The words 4brother, sister, aunt, and uncle6 tae thepossessive pronoun endings ou alread learned see page ¥7, but 4father6 and 4"other6have a couple irregularities.

" father bba ]– " "other ""i mour father bba O]– our "other "" ‰mhis father bbah Ò]– his "other ""u _mher father bbaha ]I]– her "other "ha ]Žm

/xercise:Add the possessive endings to the following:

sister $t žbrother $u _uncle "" x |aunt ""a „… |

E$pressions'ow is Moha"ed related toou a a5ee Moha"ed ˆš…› B mz ‰`Â`

B \8

'ow is A"ina related toou a at5ee A"ina ˆ„‹`m8 ‰`ÂŠB \8M "o" doesn!t wor. ""i "a$dda"a. \]mš ]m m.M "o" and dad aredivorced. bba u ""i "t€ll-in. `»{

²m m S ]–.

2 have two twin siblings. ndi 5u5 $ut twa". Q_¬ :_


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Peace Corps / Morocco • 3¨

/xercise:&escribe the relationships between family membersfor each arrow$

Gerb 1to have2 The verb 4to have6 nd š‹|7 in the present tense%

2 have

ndi Jš‹|ou have sing.7 nd Oš‹|he has ndu Sš‹|she has ndha ]Iš‹|we have ndna ]Ÿš‹|ou have plur.7 ndu" xz š‹|the have ndhu" xIzš‹|

Moha and Uati"a have two

daughters and a son.

Moha u Uati"a ndhu" 5u5

bnat u wld.

:]‹–


43/196

>© • Moroccan Arabic

/xercise:Put the verb 1 nd2 in the correct form$=. $ti G> a". ŠG>Q]| .G. $ua G wlad. ]“_ G—S .3. ˜na wld u tlata d

lbnat. :]‹‚ „¬}¬ S šS ]‹£.

>. hu"a fa"ila bira. `‚ }`m]‘ ]…Iz .. we Moha"ed t€o"obil ˆ®`–_m_¶ š…› B mz \Sq. lla, . —9 .

/xercise:Put sentences A thru I in the correct order for thisletter from Harim to om$

s€a˜bi To", Q_¶ ‚£]ƒ9b¯itini nhd€r li la lfa"ila dali ˆ]“ }`m]« Î{| ‰` ¼ŽŸ ‹`Š`°–A. bba s"itu Ali. {| _Š`…† ]–B. .A&. ""i ndha ¯ir G a". `½ ]Iš‹| mGQ]| . .&C. 'assan ndu = a" u Moha"ed ndu

G© a". Sš‹| ~ B £B= Sš‹| š…› B mz S Q]|G©Q]| . .C. asnu "

ana f d€d€ar7 welain $ti"uw5a. „S ªm Š y

B SB Wš F ]‹œ B m _‹y~`B . .E. ra5lha s"itu Moha. ndhu" wa˜d lbnt

s"itha adia.ž‹‚ š£S xIzš‹| .Î£_m _Š`…† ]Ž{W

„“]Ÿ ]ŽŠ`…†. .E

U. ndoo Gq a". Sš‹|GqQ]| . .U. s"itha 'ai"a „…`y£B ]ŽŠ`…†. .'. ndi 5u5 $ut. :_


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Peace Corps / Morocco • >=

&irections5b'ective: !y the end of the chapter# you will be able to:

6 use prepositions to describe the locations of ob'ects6 give and receive directions to places around town

Prepositionsto / for l until ˜tta l ÎŠ £in / at f F above / on fu- _‘fro" "n m below / under t˜t ž›¬withso"eone7 " a µ B m in front of -dda" Qš ³

with / b / b"eans of b ; facing "-abl " a µ B m ®–]»m

without bla }– behind "ura W_mon / about la Î{| ne$t to ˜da š£between bin `– before -bl ®‚³of, belongingto d / dal ]“ / after b d šœ–

/xercise:fin lE%oraJ

? B @

lE%ora fu, s+Es+ndu,$Sš‹¿ _‘ y z .

K

4

kora

zṣnduq

Sš‹ƒ


45/196

>G • Moroccan Arabic

&irections

ocabular

hotel lot€il ®`¶_ hospital /

health center

ssbit€ar W]²`‚~

post office lbost€a „²†_‚ phar"ac lfr"asan R]`~mB «train station lagar W]Ã — "os-ue 55a" µm]Â

bus station l"a˜t€t €a dliran „² ›… B

R`y public phone ttelebuti ‰`¬_‚`{Š

cit bus stop l"a˜t€t €a dt €t €ubisat „² ›… B

:]~`–_² store l˜anut :_Ÿ]›

ban lbana „y‹‚ B avenue ari kWK]’public bath l˜""a" Q]… › street n-a „»Ÿª

restaurant rrist€ora W_²~“ alle ddrb ;WšcafÐ l-hwa _Ž» far fro"7 b id "n7 m7 š`œ–7cber cafÐ ssiber ‚`~ close to7 -rib "n7 m7 ¾“³7school l"drasa „†WBš… here hna ]‹Iweel"aret ssu- _~ there t""a ]… ¬

E$pressions1here is ... please fin ana7 ... afa. O]«|B ... 7“] `‘.

2s there a ... close we ana7 i ... -riba7 ˆ7¾“³ ... Œ 7“] \So straight. sir nian. R]’`Ÿ `†.

Turn right. d€ur l li"n. …` ®| W_Ç. Turn left. d€ur l lisr. ~` ®| W_Ç.o ahead a bit. id wia l -dda". Qš » „“_Œ š“[.Pass the first street. fut n-a lluwla. „_{ „»Ÿª :_‘.

The Gnd street, es. n-a tena ieh. ™“¸ „`Ÿ]Š „»Ÿª.


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Peace Corps / Morocco • >3

ialogue ason u &rahi" f l"a˜t€t €a d liran. R`y „² ›… B F xÌ– S R_~“].

ason% ssala"u alau". xy z `{ B |B Qz }~ B . R_~“]%&rahi"% wa alau" ssala". Q}~ B xy z `{ B |B SB. xÌ–%

ason% fin lagar afa Ô]«|B W]Ã— `‘ R_~“]%&rahi"% sir nian t̃ta l n-a ttaltau d€ur l lisr, u "n b

d idnian ˜tta l lbar u d€ur lli"n. t""a lagar.

„Š]Š „»Ÿª ÎŠ £ R]’`Ÿ `†š“[ šœ– m S 9~` ®| W_Ç S®| W_Ç S W]‚ ÎŠ £ R]’`Ÿ

W]Ã — ]… ¬ .…`.

xÌ–%

ason% bara llah u fi. ‰`‘ S ™{ OWB]–. R_~“]%&rahi"% attll" l

rbia "anÅ R]“ªm „`–œ x{ yŠ B Å xÌ–% ason% wia u s€afi. ‘]ƒ S „“_Œ. R_~“]%

&rahi"% we nta fransawi ˆJS]~Ÿ B ‘ ž B Ÿ \S xÌ–% ason% lla, ana "iriani. lla hnni. ‰`‹ Ž“ ™{ .Ÿ]y“mK ]Ÿ8 9—. R_~“]%

&rahi"% bsla"a. „m}~ ;. xÌ–%

/xercise:sing the same map# give each person directions$=. ave is in the sbit+ar and wants to go to lEbost+a.G. Anna is in the ma.t+t+a and wants to go to lEot+il.3. (tephen is in the mar)i and wants to go to sEsiber.>. 'ai" is in the .anut and wants to go to lE.mmam.

l-нmmam


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>> • Moroccan Arabic

Past /vents5b'ective: !y the end of the chapter# you will be able to:

6 tal% about past activities with regular and irregular verbs6 tal% about what you did not do using negative sentences

6 as% about past experiences 0Fave you ever$$$3 and respond 0I"venever$$$36 use ob'ect pronouns with verbs6 as% varied ,uestions with different ,uestion words

ime Gocabulary&efore we begin the past tense, let!s learn so"e words that will help us describe whenpast events too place. Then we will be read to tal about so"e of our past activities.

as of the 1eeda u" / nhar W]ŽŸ / Q_“ Tuesda ttlat :}Š7 Õ]Ó}Ö7

wee si"ana „Ÿ]…`† 1ednesda larb

µ–7 Õ]œ–WÑ7(unda l˜dd š ›7 š£Ñ7 Thursda l$"is `…Monda ltnin `‹Š7 `‹¬Ñ7 Urida 55" a „œ…Â

(aturda ssbt ž‚~

Months of the +ear"onth hr ŽŒ une unu _`Ÿ_“ear a" Q]| ul ulu [_`_“

anuar anar “]‹“B

August ¯ut ž’½zUebruar fbrar “‚‘ (epte"ber utnbir ‚ K ‹ŠŒzMarch "ars XW]m 0ctober otobr –_Š8z

April abril ®“–8 ove"ber nuwanbir ‚ K Ÿ_ B ŸzMa "a J]m ece"ber du5anbir ‚ K ‹B z

The (easonsseason fas€l ®¿‘B su""er s€s€if ”`¿seasons fos€ul _¿‘z fall l$rif ”“

spring rrbi µ`– winter ta ]Š’

Ti"e E$pressionsthis ear had l a" Q]œ šIBlast ear l a" lli fat :]‘ { Q]œlast "onth hr lli fat :]‘ { Ž’last wee ssi"ana lli fatt : ]‘ { „Ÿ]…`~esterda lbar˜ jW]‚toda lu" Q_`

on Ï da of the wee7 nhar W]ŽŸ...

For inforation about t'e ont's of t'e Islaic calendar and soe of t'e aor religious eventsof t'e *ear# see )Moroccan olida*s+ on page 15".


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Peace Corps / Morocco • >

on Urida nhar 55" a „œ…Â W]ŽŸin Ï "onth7 f hr ŽŒ F...

in August f hr ¯utf hr t"naž’½z ŽŒ F„`‹…¬ ŽŒ F

at Ï ti"e7 f F

at ¨%©© f tts ud _œ~Š Fat dawn f lf5r Â« Fin the "orning f s€s€ba˜ j]‚¿ Fin the afternoon / evening f l ia „`’œ Fat night f llil ®`{ Fat "idnight f ns€ llil ®`{ ÈŸ F

Past ense N egular Gerbserbs in eneral

1hen learning verbs in a foreign language, we usuall learn the 4infinitive6 for" of theverb e.g. to eat7, and then learn how to 4con5ugate6 fro" that infinitive 2 eat, he eats,the eat7. 2n Arabic, there are not infinitives for verbs in this wa. ather, we learn the1he2 form of the verb i.e. third person "asculine singular7 in the past tense, and thenlearn how to con5ugate the other for"s 2, ou, she, etc.7 fro" the 4he6 for". &ecause weuse this past tense 4he6 for" like an infinitive for the purposes of learning verbs, if ousee so"ething referred to as an 4infinitive,6 it is this for". (o"e e$a"ples%

he dran rb ;Œhe hit d€rb ;Çhe sat gls {Ã

1henever ou are given a new verb in this boo or b our teacher, it will be given to ouin this for". +ou will be able to con5ugate verbs in the past or present tense based uponthis 4infinitive6 for".

The vast "a5orit of ari5a Moroccan Arabic7 verbs are "ade up of three letters seethe verbs above7. To these 4ste"s6 we can add prefi$es letters that we attach to thebeginning of a word7 and suffi$es letters we attach to the end of a word7 in order tocon5ugate the verb. (te"s with a vowel in the "iddle and ste"s with a vowel at the endwill differ fro" verbs with three consonants.egular erbs in the Past Tense1hen we sa 4regular verb,6 we "ean a verb that is con5ugated according to rules that

the large "a5orit of verbs in the language use. An 4irregular verb6 is con5ugatedaccording to different rules. There are regular and irregular verbs for both the past andpresent tense in ari5a. 'owever, irregular verbs that are si"ilar in the past "a bedifferent in the present. (o, ou need to realie that the groups of verbs categoriedtogether for the past tense "a not alwas correspond to the groups in the present tense.2n general, 4regular verb6 refers to%

• All 3letter verbs without the long vowel 4a6 @ / 7 in the "iddle or end positioni.e. 3letter verbs "ade up onl of consonants7

• All verbs with "ore than 3 letters and not ending in 4a6 @ / 7 To con5ugate a regular verb in the past tense, we add the following suffi$es endings7%

4to write6 tb ¾Š

past tense)'e+ forE

lie an

;eebert'at t'e

)infinitive+ ist'e sae as

t'e past tense)'e+ for.

2n thepasttense,you

0masc$3and you0fem$3are the

sa"e. 2n


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>q • Moroccan Arabic

2 wrote tbt ž‚Šou wrote "asc.sing.7 tbti Š‚Š

ou wrote fe".sing.7 tbti Š‚Š

he wrote tb ¾Šshe wrote tbat :]‚Šwe wrote tbna ]‹‚Šou wrote plur.7 tbtu _Š‚Šthe wrote tbu _‚Š

(o"e egular erbsto drin rb ;Œ to understand fh" xŽ‘to now rf F| to wor $d" Qš

to pla l b ¾œ to hit d€rb ;Çto draw rs" x†W to stop/ stand

upw-f ”³S

to sleep n s œŸ to arrive ws€l ®ƒS

to wear lbs ‚ to hear /listen s" µ…†

to sta / sit gls {Ã to as suwl _ †to enter d$l ® to travel safr ‘]†to go out $r5


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Peace Corps / Morocco • >¢

l˜dd lli fat, awn7 $ti f luina% ¯sl7l""a

n u t€ib7 l¯da.®~½7 %„‹“[_y F Š RS]|7 9:]‘ { š ›

š° ¾` ¶7 S |]… .

Past ense N Irregular Gerbs1hen we spea about irregular verbs for the past tense, we refer to three categories% =.threeletter verbs with the long vowel 4a6 7 in the "iddle position, G. an verb with thelong vowel 4a6 @ / 7 at the end, and 3. twoletter verbs.=st Categor% long vowel 4a6 7 in the "iddle position

To con5ugate a threeletter verb in the past tense with the long vowel 4a6 in the "iddleposition, re"ove the long vowel 4a6 for the I# you 0sing$3# we# and you 0plur$3 for"sbefore adding the past tense endings. Uor the she for", onl add a 4t.6 The he and theyfor"s are lie regular verbs.

4to be6 an R]2 was nt ž‹ou were "asc. sing.7 nti Š‹ou were fe". sing.7 nti Š‹he was an R]she was ant žŸ]we were nna ]‹ ou were plur.7 ntu _Š‹the were anu _Ÿ]

(o"e 2rregular erbs with long vowel 4a6 O7 in the "iddle positionto see af F]Œ to get up /

stand up

nad€ ]Ÿ

to do / "ae dar W to throw la˜ j—to swi" a" Q]| to pass / pass bda [to sell ba k]– to pass fat :]‘

to bring 5ab ;] to love / beding for "at la Î{| :]m

to sa gal ]Ã to increase ad [to fast s€a" Q]ƒ to be scared $af F]to drive s€ag H]ƒ to live a \]|

(o"e e$a"ples% This "orning 2 got up at¢%©©. had s€s€ba˜ nd€t f ssb a. „œ‚~ F ž¼Ÿ j]‚¿ šIB .

1hat did ou do esterda nu drti lbar˜ ˆjW]‚ ¬W _‹Œ1hat!s done is done.proverb7 lli fat "at. :]m :]‘ {.

/xercise:Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form$ssi"ana lli fatt, ana u s€˜abi

a"7 flappisin. `~`Ë— F Q]|7 –]›ƒ S ]Ÿ8 9: ]‘ { „Ÿ]…`~.

(ara a7 f "irian a"an. `mB ]| R]y“mK F \]|7 W]†.

In t'ese fors# e eep t'eiddle )a+ andt'en add t'eendings.

In t'ese fors# e reove t'eiddle )a+ andt'en add t'e

endings.


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nhar ssbt f l ia, ana u s€˜abati an7 fl˜""a". "lli $r5na da7 l l-hwa.

F R]7 ¬]–]›ƒ S ]Ÿ8 9„`’œ F ž‚~ W]ŽŸ_Ž» [7 ]‹ { m .Q]… ›.

Gnd Categor% long vowel 4a6 < O7 at the end To con5ugate a verb with the long vowel 4a6 at the end, change the vowel to 4i6 for the I#

you 0sing$3# we# and you 0plur$3 for"s, then add the nor"al endings. Uor the shefor", onl add a 4t.6 The he and they for"s are lie regular verbs. 4to eat6 la Î{2 ate lit ž`{ou ate "asc. sing.7 liti Š`{ou ate fe". sing.7 liti Š`{he ate la Î{she ate lat :}we ate lina ]‹`{

ou ate plur.7 litu _Š`{the ate lau S}

(o"e 2rregular erbs with the long vowel 4a6 < O7 at the endto go "a Î’m to rent ra @to start bda @š– to run 5ra @to bu ra @Œ to finish sala Î]†to sing ¯nna Î‹ ½ to have lunch t¯dda @š °¬

to give t€a Î²| to havedinner t a Î’ œ¬

to forget nsa Î~Ÿ to hope t"na Î‹…¬to cr ba Îy– to wait tsna Î‹~¬

to want b¯a Î°– to read /stud -ra @³

to tae $da @š to "eet tla-a Î³}¬to co"e 5a ]

(o"e e$a"ples%

*ast (unda, 2 went to the

"edina and bought a 5ellaba. l˜dd lli fat, "it l l"dina urit 5llaba. „‹“š… ž`’m 9:]‘ { š ›„–} ž“Œ S.

The sang at the part on(aturda.

hu"a ¯nnau f l˜fla nharssbt. ž‚~ W]ŽŸ „{«› F S]‹ ½ ]…Iz .

/xercise:Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form$ ohn u A" ra7 d€ar wina f Marraech. ºm F „‹“S[ W @7 …“8 S R_.lbar˜ ana u Paul tla-a7 "

a s€̃ abna frrist€ora u t¯dda7 "5"u in.

S W_²~“ F ]‹–]›ƒ µ B m Î³}¬7 _Ë S ]Ÿ8 jW]‚`|_…Âm @š °¬7.

ssi"ana lli fatt, hu"a sala7 l$d"adalhu" f l"¯rib.

F xŽ z ]“ „mš Î]†7 ]…Iz 9:

]‘ { „Ÿ]…`~

; K °….

In t'ese fors# e eep t'e final)a+ and t'en addt'e endings.

In t'ese fors# e c'ange t'efinal )a+ to )i+t'en add t'eendings.


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3rd Categor% twoletter verbs

1hen we sa 4twoletter verbs,6 so"e confusion can arise. 1hen we write the" inArabic, the have onl two letters. 'owever, there is a 4shedda6 on the second letter seepages 3 and =>7, so in the transcription we double the second letter, "aing the" loolie threeletter verbs. 2n this case, ou can still recognie the" because the second andthird letters are the sa"e. 0r, loo at the Arabic script and ou can be sure of the factthat the are, indeed, twoletter verbs.

To con5ugate this tpe of verb, we add the long vowel 4i6 to the I# you 0sing$3# we# andyou 0plur$3 for"s, then add the nor"al endings. The he# she# and they for"s are lieregular verbs.

4to open6 ˜ll ® £

2 opened ˜llit ž`{ £ou opened "asc.sing.7 ˜lliti Š`{

£

ou opened fe".sing.7 ˜lliti Š`{

£

he opened ˜ll ® £she opened ˜llat :} £we opened ˜llina ]‹`{ £ou opened plur.7 ˜llitu _Š`{£

the opened ˜llu _{ £(o"e twoletter verbs

to close sdd š † to be able -dd š ³to s"ell "" x Œ to pic up h ª Ito hand "dd š m to thin d€nn Çto answer /return bac rdd W to be bored "ll ® m

to pour bb ¾ to tae /catch dd š Œ

to feel ˜ss £ to pull / drag 5rr

Moroccan 1isdo"% ‚¿“ ®~œ Î°– {®›‹ “³ .

lCli ba lCksl *Csbr l Hris nCnl. €

The one w ho wants honey must tolerate bee stings.

English e7ui8alent9 E8er" rose has its thorn.

In t'ese fors# e sipl* addt'e noralendings.

In t'ese fors#

e add )i+ to t'e verb# t'en addt'e noralendings.

A twoletterverb with4shedda6on the


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© • Moroccan Arabic

to put ˜t €t € × £

(o"e e$a"ples%

2 opened the window and 2closed the door ˜llit ssr5" u sddit lbab. ;]‚ ž“š † S x~ ž`{

£.

2 felt cold ˜ssit b lbrd. ‚ ; ž`~ £.

/xercise:Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form$lbar˜ f s€s€ba˜, Mar rdd7 ltab l l$iana. „Ÿª K ;]Šy W7 JW]m 9j]‚¿ F jW]‚."lli an l 5a5, ØanaÙ sdd7 ssra5". x~ š †7 Ø]Ÿ8Ù 9


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2 new nothing. "a rft walu. _S ž‘| ]m.2 ate nothing. "aleet ̃tta ̃a5a. „]£ ÎŠ £ ž`{ ]m.o one ca"e. ˜tta wa˜d "a5a. ] ]m š£S ÎŠ £.'e saw no one. "aaf ̃ tta wa˜d / ̃ dd. š £ / š£S ÎŠ £ F]Œ ]m.2 "et neither Moha"ed norA"ber.

"ala-it la Moha"ed walaA"ber. ‚m8 —S š…›m — ž`³— ]m.

2 dran onl water. "arbt ̄ ir l"a. ]… `½ ž–Œ ]m.

/xercise:Put the verbs in parentheses in the proper form$l˜dd lli fat gls7 f d€d€ar, $r5 negative7la˜--a an7 ta. f l ia s€a˜bi 5a7 u

"a7 l ssiber b5oo5. "n b

d "a7 lssini"a. af7 wa˜d lfil" win. "lli $r57,da7 l ssu-. ra7 l$odra. "n b

d dd7t €obis u r5 7 l d€d€ar.

\]» ›{ B |


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G • Moroccan Arabic

/xercise:9rite a paragraph from these pictures$

Fave you ever$$$ < I"ve never$$$

'ave ou ever...1e can use the word mmr … |7 to e$press the English e-uivalent of the present perfecttense% 4'ave ou ever...6 and 42 have never...6 1e 4con5ugate6 it as follows%

'ave 2 ever... we ""ri / ""rni Ÿ… | / J… | \S'ave ou sing.7 ever... we ""r O… | \S'as he ever... we ""ru S… | \S'as she ever... we ""rha ]I… | \S'ave we ever... we ""rna ]Ÿ… | \S'ave ou plur.7 ever... we ""ru" xz … | \S

'ave the ever... we ""rhu" xIz … | \S


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The verb that follows mmr is often in the past tense. (o"e e$a"ples%

'ave ou ever gone toUrance we ""r "iti l Uransa

Š`’m O… | \Sˆ]~Ÿ B ‘

'ave the ever eatencouscous we ""rhu" lau lssu ˆ_~y~y S} xIz … | \S

'ave ou ever drun "inttea in A"erica we ""ru" rbtu ata b nn

na

f "irian ; J]¬8 _Š–Œ xz … | \SˆR]y“mK F k]‹œ‹

2!ve never... This is lie the con5ugation above, with the addition of ma ]m7 at the beginning of mmr … |7.

2 have never... "a ""ri / "a ""rni Ÿ… | ]m / J… | ]mou sing.7 have never... "a ""r O… | ]mhe has never... "a ""ru S… | ]mshe has never... "a ""rha ]I… | ]mwe have never... "a ""rna ]Ÿ… | ]mou plur.7 have never... "a ""ru" xz … | ]mthe have never... "a ""rhu" xIz … | ]m

(o"e e$a"ples%

2!ve never eaten ha"burger. "a ""rni leet lha"borgr. ÃW_‚m]Ž ž`{ Ÿ… | ]m.(he has never been abroad. "a ""rha safrat l l$ari5.


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&aily outines5b'ective: !y the end of the chapter# you will be able to:

6 tal% about your daily activities using the present tense6 use one verb after another to express complex thoughts

6 give commands with the imperative

Present ense N egular Gerbs

Present Tense in eneral2n Arabic, the present tense nor"all e$presses both habitual and progressive actions.

habitual action# I eat couscous every $riday. progressive action# I am eating couscous now.

Uor a s"all nu"ber of verbs, the present tense e$presses onl habitual actions see page== for "ore infor"ation on these verbs7.

nlie the past tense, which uses onl suffi$es endings7 to con5ugate a verb, the presenttense uses both suffixes and prefixes. The present tense prefi$ is written with %a ^B 7and another letter n, t, or y7. Present tense suffi$es i or u7 "a be added as well.

egular erbs in the Present Tenseerbs that were regular in the past tens

148918422 Arabic Speaking

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