1450-1750 Early Modern Period. Major Points 1. Shift in power to the West 2. World becomes smaller 3. New Empires 4. Age of Gunpowder.

1450-1750Early Modern Period

Major PointsMajor Points

1. Shift in power to the West1. Shift in power to the West

2. World becomes smaller 2. World becomes smaller

3. New Empires 3. New Empires

4. Age of Gunpowder4. Age of Gunpowder

End of Post-Classical…End of Post-Classical…

1. Independent societies (Aztecs, 1. Independent societies (Aztecs, Incas) falling apartIncas) falling apart

2. Arab power declining2. Arab power declining

3. New invasions – Mongols3. New invasions – Mongols

4. Ottoman Empire gains power4. Ottoman Empire gains power

5. Chinese flirt with trade, but Ming 5. Chinese flirt with trade, but Ming bureaucrats pull backbureaucrats pull back

6. Europe enters age of exploration6. Europe enters age of exploration

What’s Happening in the What’s Happening in the WestWest

1. Unusual agricultural civilization1. Unusual agricultural civilization

2. New view of family – nuclear2. New view of family – nuclear

3. Return to rational thought3. Return to rational thought

4. Stable political structures4. Stable political structures

5. Religious reformers5. Religious reformers

The Global EconomyThe Global Economy

1. By 1750, almost everyone knows 1. By 1750, almost everyone knows everyoneeveryone

2. Food exchange 2. Food exchange

3. Unequal relationships 3. Unequal relationships

4. Slaves and serfs4. Slaves and serfs

5. Diseases 5. Diseases

Themes of this UnitThemes of this Unit

1. Declining emphasis of nomads1. Declining emphasis of nomads2. Direct relationships – ambassadors 2. Direct relationships – ambassadors

replace intermediaries (Nomads)replace intermediaries (Nomads)3. Gender relations remain patriarchal3. Gender relations remain patriarchal4. Labor relations change 4. Labor relations change 5. A few commercial leaders get rich5. A few commercial leaders get rich6. Environmental changes6. Environmental changes7. Native vegetation7. Native vegetation8. Centralization of governments8. Centralization of governments9. Nation-states began to emerge9. Nation-states began to emerge

Larger TrendsLarger Trends

1. Americas overwhelmed by outsiders1. Americas overwhelmed by outsiders2. Three trends2. Three trends

a. Western expansiona. Western expansionb. Globalization of tradeb. Globalization of tradec. Gunpowderc. Gunpowder

3. Reactions3. Reactionsa. Embrace by choicea. Embrace by choiceb. Embrace by forceb. Embrace by forcec. Choose to remain independent, c. Choose to remain independent,

involve in involve in trade on own termstrade on own terms

Why 1450?Why 1450?

a. End of the Middle Agesa. End of the Middle Agesb. Beginning of the Northern Renaissance – b. Beginning of the Northern Renaissance – away from Italian city-statesaway from Italian city-statesc. English evicted from Francec. English evicted from Franced. Unified France began to exercise its d. Unified France began to exercise its powerpowere. Globalization of trade beginse. Globalization of trade beginsf. Direct contact between Europe and sub-f. Direct contact between Europe and sub-Saharan Africa/AmericasSaharan Africa/Americasg. End of the Byzantine Empireg. End of the Byzantine Empireh. Ottoman Turks rise to powerh. Ottoman Turks rise to power

Why 1750?Why 1750?

a.a. Europe on the cusp of the Industrial Europe on the cusp of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

b.b. Shift in the global balance of powerShift in the global balance of power

c.c. Self-imposed isolation about to endSelf-imposed isolation about to end

d.d. Colonization about to shift to Colonization about to shift to imperialismimperialism

e.e. New world orderNew world order

What to Know?What to Know? Examples of What You Need to Know for M/CExamples of What You Need to Know for M/C

Neoconfucianism, but not specific Neoconfucianists Neoconfucianism, but not specific Neoconfucianists Importance of European exploration, but not Importance of European exploration, but not

individual explorers individual explorers Characteristics of European absolutism, but not Characteristics of European absolutism, but not

specific rulers specific rulers Reformation, but not Anabaptism or Huguenots Reformation, but not Anabaptism or Huguenots Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, but not the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, but not the

Safavid Empire Safavid Empire Siege of Vienna (1688–89), but not the Thirty Siege of Vienna (1688–89), but not the Thirty

Years' War Years' War Slave plantation systems, but not Jamaica's Slave plantation systems, but not Jamaica's

specific slave system specific slave system Institution of the harem, but not Harem Sultan Institution of the harem, but not Harem Sultan

Essay TopicsEssay Topics

Compare colonial administrationsCompare colonial administrations Imperial systems: European monarchy compared with a Imperial systems: European monarchy compared with a

land-based Asian empireland-based Asian empire Coercive labor systems: slavery and other coercive labor Coercive labor systems: slavery and other coercive labor

systems in the Americassystems in the Americas Analyze the development of empire (i.e. general empire Analyze the development of empire (i.e. general empire

building in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americasbuilding in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas Analyze the development of imperial systems: a European Analyze the development of imperial systems: a European

seaborne empire compared with a land-based Asian empire.seaborne empire compared with a land-based Asian empire. Compare Russia's interaction with the West with the Compare Russia's interaction with the West with the

interaction of one of the following (Ottoman Empire, China, interaction of one of the following (Ottoman Empire, China, Tokugawa Japan, Mughal India) with the WestTokugawa Japan, Mughal India) with the West

Compare Mesoamerican and Andean systems of economic Compare Mesoamerican and Andean systems of economic exchangeexchange

Topics for ReviewTopics for Review

Changes in TradeChanges in Trade Changes in TechnologyChanges in Technology Global InteractionsGlobal Interactions Role of GenderRole of Gender Slaves & Coercive Labor systemsSlaves & Coercive Labor systems Demographic shiftsDemographic shifts Cultural & Intellectual DevelopmentsCultural & Intellectual Developments Major EmpiresMajor Empires

Europe, Ottomans, China (Ming & Qing), Spain & Port., Europe, Ottomans, China (Ming & Qing), Spain & Port., Russia (Peter & Catherine), France, England, Tokugawa Russia (Peter & Catherine), France, England, Tokugawa Japan, Mughal India, African kingdoms (Kongo, Songhai)Japan, Mughal India, African kingdoms (Kongo, Songhai)

Changes in Trade: European Exploration

• Causes• Early:

Iberian• Late:

Northern• Colonization• Patterns of

world trade• Regions

outside the new trade patterns

• Commercial Revolution

Changes in Technology

• Navigational tecnology– Rudder– Lateen sails– Astrolabe– Compass– caravels

Global Interactions

• Colonization of the Americas (north vs. south)

• Columbian Exchange

• Triangular Trade

Role of GenderRole of Gender

Remains patriarchalRemains patriarchalMarriage primarily an eco. Marriage primarily an eco.

arrangementarrangementEurope: limited access for small #s of Europe: limited access for small #s of

womenwomenGeneralizationsGeneralizationsChina: Influence of ConfucianismChina: Influence of ConfucianismMiddle East: culture defines rolesMiddle East: culture defines roles

Slaves & Coercive Labor systems

• Slave systems in the Americas

• African slave trade• Effects on Africa

Negra_vendendo_caju_-_Jean_Baptiste_Debret_1827.jpg

Demographic shifts• Diseases• Animals• New Crops• Comparative Population Trends

Cultural & Intellectual Developments• Renaissance/Reformations/Scientific

Revolution/Enlightenment

Major Empires: Europe1. Most monarchies

a. divine right ordained by God2. Retain pure bloodlines to God

a. intermarriage among royal families of different nations common

b. monarchies of one nation gained international influencei. ties of marriage/inheritance led to alliances

3. Strong national loyaltiesa. Led to internal/external conflicts

i. religious fights between Protestants and Catholicsii. internal civil wars between monarch and noblesiii. battles stemming from trade disputes between

rival nations4. Spain/Portugal start off strong – England/France replace

The Ottoman

Ming & Qing China

Tokugawa Japan

Russia

Mughal India

African Kingdoms

ConclusionConclusion After 1400, a new world balance was being created. The After 1400, a new world balance was being created. The

Mongol conquest caused the decline of Arab strength and Mongol conquest caused the decline of Arab strength and opened opportunities for new participants in the Islamic opened opportunities for new participants in the Islamic trade system. At first, the Ming dynasty of China appeared trade system. At first, the Ming dynasty of China appeared poised to take over the lead in world trade. When the Ming poised to take over the lead in world trade. When the Ming withdrew from international leadership, the nations of withdrew from international leadership, the nations of western Europe began to assert themselves. The emergence western Europe began to assert themselves. The emergence of western Europe was signaled by internal changes that of western Europe was signaled by internal changes that prepared the way for leadership. Changes outside the prepared the way for leadership. Changes outside the Eurasian network in Africa, the Americas, and Polynesia also Eurasian network in Africa, the Americas, and Polynesia also affected the nature of international relationships. affected the nature of international relationships.

After 1750, the West underwent a series of dramatic After 1750, the West underwent a series of dramatic transformations in politics, intellectual development, and transformations in politics, intellectual development, and industrialization. The latter revolution altered basic social industrialization. The latter revolution altered basic social and cultural patterns, enhanced Europe's position in the and cultural patterns, enhanced Europe's position in the world, saw the rise of new powers, and found European world, saw the rise of new powers, and found European culture exported to settler colonies such as the United culture exported to settler colonies such as the United States and Australia.. States and Australia..

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