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Guia do In
Dimensiona
Geomtrico e Tole
Tho
Co-Chair of North Texas SolidW
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Anteriormente, no mundo de SolidWorks
Trs faz uma trilogia... Ou so cinco...
Em 2009, "Como formar GD & T" comeou nossa discusobre Dimensionamento Geomtrico e Tolerncia conce
se nos quatorze smbolos bsicos, utilizando o grfico F
Em 2010, "Como formar GD & T Parte II: Retaliao da
circundadas" se concentraram nos modificadores de s
GD & T. Agora em 2013, estamos prontos para o prximo captu
emocionante na Saga GD & T, onde vamos responder
"Para GD & T, o Universo e tudo mais".
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Resposta GD & T, vida e tudo.
14 smbolos, cada um com um nome, smboloe controle
14x3 = 42
Coincidncia? Acho que no ...
Srio, este um mtodo de organizar GD & T
para melhorar a curva de aprendizado.
O Chart FOPRL
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Updated
FOPRL ChartNow based on ASME
Y14.5-2009
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Rule #1 of GD&T states that the geometric
of a feature can vary so long as it stays wthe limits of its size tolerance.
Another way of saying this rule is to say si
tolerance is the primary control of a featuthat GD&T is a refinement within that tole
The f i rs t magn i tude of con trol is size.
First Lesson in G
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GD&T symbols refine the shape or geometry.
Refining implies that you first simply check the
dimensions of the part to the drawing before y
check the refinement.
The best example to illustrate this is not from t
GD&T standard but from the surface finish cal
Whats Rule #1 Me
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Surface finish is a measurement of the surfaceroughness.
Surface roughness height is measured:
microinches (millionths of an inch)
micrometers (millionths of a meter)
Roughness spacing is measured in inches ormillimeters.
Surface Rough
Surface Fi
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A Maximum Roughness Average
B Minimum Roughness Average
C Machining Allowance
D Lay Symbol
E Roughness Sampling Length
F Maximum Waviness Height Rating
G Maximum Waviness Spacing Rating
Surface Rough
Sym
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Surface Rough
Removal of Mat
Do NotRemove
MaterialMeth
No
Spec
Remove
Material
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Perpendicular to surface indicated
(wink) we like this symbol
= Parallel to surface indicated
X Angular in both directions
M Multidirectional
C Circular with center on surface indicated
R Radial with center on surface indicated
P Nondirectional, pitted, or protuberant
Surface Rough
Surface Lay Sym
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You dont start by inspecting the surface finish of a plate
Initially you would measure the length, width, and thickn
make sure the dimensions are in tolerance.
If the parts dont match the tolerances then it doesnt make
waste time checking how the surface is finished.
The last inspection step would be to check the surface f Surface Roughness is a refinement of the limits of size.
Surface Rough
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If the first rule of GD&T states that the geometric form of a
can vary so long as the feature stays within the limits of ittolerance then we better understand limits of size.
The limits of size are the minimum acceptable measure v
maximum acceptable measured value for a dimension.
Geometric tolerancing should only be added when form mmore accurately controlled or to convey functional/interch
requirements.
Rule #1 Revi
Li i f Si E
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Min Max
.625 .675
1.450 1.550
3.900 4.100
.550 .650
40 45
0 .750
.475 .525
.95 1.05
.08 .18
2.500 has no tolerance
Limits of Size Exam
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What is the difference in connotation in a limits dimensio
bilateral toleranced dimension?
Isnt .100-.150, the same as .125.025?
Answer #1: Limits of acceptable dimensions are identical
Answer #2: Manufacturing people dont target .125 when
limits but rather the tool safe side and let wear bring them
the other extreme.Answer #3: What should the CAD model show for limit dim
The average is not really the target so why not show it a
the minimum or maximum values?
Op
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Section 2.1:
If CAD/CAM database models are use
they do not include tolerances, t
tolerances must be expressed outsi
the database to reflect design
requirements.
This section clearly states that models mayi
tolerances hence paving the way to eliminconventional drawings someday!
ASME Y14.5M-1994 CAD/CAM
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In Section 1.2.1 Cited Standards now has ASME
2003 (reaffirmed in 2008) Digital Product Defin
Data Practices.
Provides guidance to 3D model with embedded dimensi
tolerances.
Numerous new citations back to this standard.
This topic came up in one of my Primer lectures and I w
mention that the embedded 3D data has been allowed
1984 but now it is really well documented.
ASME Y14.5-2009 CAD/CAM
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What if you want a straight edge?
You can tighten the linear tolerances bu
can get expensive it can cost you timeyield.
How about we control the shape?
Hey, we need some kind of ShapContro l o r maybe Geometr ic
Dimens ioning and Toleranc ing!
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Towels
Do you have yours?
Everyone knows that if you arecaught Hitchhiking through the
Galaxy with your towel then they
assume you have everything you
need.
In lieu of a towel, how about we all
learn something about GD&T toshow everyone we have everything
we need.
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Like I said, we have already discussed
symbols and modifiers, so the next stopGD&T primer train is the Tolerance Zon
Shapes station.
These sound like the same thing but the
two separate but related items for tolera
Tolerance Zones and Sha
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Cylindrical zone sounds easy - its a circ
cylinder within which the feature must rebe acceptable.
What shape is a total wide zone?
Heres where it gets complicated and onthe reasons I originally built the FOPRL
lets look at the shapes.
Tolerance Zone Sha
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Total Wide Tolerance Zone
Just a Pinch
The size of the of total
wide zone can beindicated by holding your
thumb and fore finger
together without quite
touching. The trick is how you
move your hand.
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All controls can have TOTAL WIDE TOLERANCE ZONESExcept Concentricity.
Only five can have a CYLINDRICAL TOLERANCE ZONE
Position
Orientation
Parallelism, Angularity, Perpendicularity
Straightness
Concentricity requires CYLINDRICAL TOLERANCE ZON
Tolerance Zo
Posit ion to lerance zone
and bo sses are always
tolerance zone
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Tolerance Zone Symbolog
Total wide zone is default
UNLESS...You put the diameter symbol
f .014m U
j n.002l Y
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Each geometric control has its own total wide toleshape that is suggested by its name.
Form
Straightness: between two lines
Flatness: between two planesCircularity: between two circles
Cylindricity: between two cylinders
Tolerance Zone Sh
Form Total W
C
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Form C
2D
2D
T l Z Sh
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For all three orientation controls, the surfaces musbetween two planes.
Parallel
Angularity
Perpendicular
Hold it a second, we just said flatness control was
between two planes.
Tolerance Zone Sh
Orientation Total W
O i t ti C l
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Orientation Cal
T l Z Sh
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ProfileLine: between two curves that are the shape
of the feature
Surface: between two surfaces that are the
shape of the feature
Runout
Full indicator movement
Tolerance Zone Sh
Profile / Runout Total W
P fil C
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Profile Ca
R t C
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Runout Ca
T l Z Sh
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Position: depends on the geometry it controlsBetween resultant and virtual conditions and fix
floating fastener theory, theres a days worth
topics on positional tolerances.
Symmetry: two planes
Concentricity: cylindrical
Tolerance Zone Sh
Location Controls Total W
Position Ca
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Position Ca
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Rule 1 has four (countem four) exceptions:
Stock parts : Bars, sheets, tubing, structural shapes
Parts subject to free state variation
Add note to a surface or feature: PERFECT FORM AT
NOT REQUIRED.
Straightn ess tolerance on features of size with MMapplied.
Straightness is the important exception at the e
Straightness Excep
Straightness Tolera
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Pretty much, just like it sounds.
The shaft shown below can be shaped like a sm
face and still be acceptable.
Straightness Toleraon Features of Size with MMC Ap
J
No Equ
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New Unequally Disposed Profile Symbol is a U in a circle.
This concept has always been in the standard but required you uchain lines and basic dimensions to determine the distribution of profile tolerance zone other than 50%-50% (practice still allowed
In the feature control frame you add the symbol and the value of much material you want to add.
0.5 U 0.5 means it is all added
0.5 U 0 means it can only remove material
0.5 U 0.1 means it can be 0.1 added material and no more than 0.4removed.
No Equ
How much is
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How much is
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Thi i li fl t f 1
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This implies a flatness of .1
Independe
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New Independency Symbol is an I in a circle.
Previous standard required you write out Perfect Form (or LMC) is not required.
Example: If you say a shaft is toleranced at MMC then i
straight but size may be all that is important to you so yo
This choice of symbol and wording baffles me If would
gone Old School Ghostbusters and made a circular no swith a slash through it and PF inside.
Independe
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Wrap Up
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p p
So Long and Thanks fo r all the Fish
Its not quite Vogon poetry but being made to listen to lec
GD&T is still pretty bad I hope todays discussion helps you and other of the thir
creatures on the planet get something more out of GD&T
Any questions?
I am happy to respond to most GD&T questions via em
Please be safely travel ing back hom
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]