14 September 2016 Airport Landside Security (Case study-Brussels Incident) Jason Tshabalala
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14 September 2016
Airport Landside Security (Case study-Brussels Incident)
Jason Tshabalala
Airport Landside Security (Case study-
Brussels Incident)
“The need to enhance security in the
departure and arrivals halls and working
with police to provide a high-visibility
presence.” Jason Tshabalala
We consider the following threats to airports and aircraft:
Airports:
Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIEDs) in non-
screened (public) areas
Small Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) in non screened (public)
areas
Suicide bomber in terminal public areas
Shooting in screened and non-screened terminal areas
Aircraft:
IED in checked luggage
Suicide bomber boards aircraft
Hijackers boards aircraft (replication of 9/11 type attack)
MANPADS
Current Global Threats
Changing and Evolving Terrorist threat
Changes in security regulations and standards
Increasing security costs which has doubled since 2001
Integration of international and local regulation
Non harmonisation of global regulations
Balance Security & facilitation
Global Security Challenges
South Africa 1994: Jan Smuts International Airport
On 27th April, attack carried out by AWB involving a car bomb on the
upper roadway at the then Jan Smuts Airport .
18 people were seriously injured
Attack caused massive structural damage to the north face of the
international terminal building
Historic Landside Attacks
Glasgow - 2007
In 2007, two Islamist militants attempted to ram an SUV loaded with gas
canisters into the passenger terminal of Glasgow airport.
The vehicle to be held up by posts outside the main door.
The driver died from burns sustained in the subsequent fire.
Moscow 2011
In 2011 at Moscow's Domodedovo International Airport when a suicide bomber
killed 37 people in the pre-security area.
The airport has since introduced security checks at public areas
Additional measures have been adopted for public areas (landside) at many
Russian airports.
Turkey June 2016
Three attackers arrived in a taxi and began firing at the terminal entrance. They
blew themselves up after police fired back.
Attack resulted in 41 deaths and more than 230 hurt.
The airport had X-ray scanners at the entrance of the terminal as a form of
security measure, however security checks on cars are limited
Airport Landside Security (Case study-
Brussels Incident 22nd March 2016)
Two suicide bombs blasts in the departures hall of the main terminal
building, resulted in 34 deaths and 81 injuries
The attacks followed the arrest of Salah Abdeslam on 18th March
2016, considered the most wanted terrorist in Europe
The group stated that the attacks were in retaliation for Belgium’s
support of the international anti-IS
Islamic State (IS) issued a message in English via its internet-based
communication platform to claim responsibility for the bombings.
The attacks certainly served as a wake-up call for airports landside
security globally
Two were identified as Belgian brothers, Khalid and Ibrahim El
Bakraoui.
Third has been identified as Najim Laachroui and is believed to have
been the bomb-maker for the November 2015 Paris attacks
Overview
Landside operations, previously considered to require minimal security screening
Salah Abdeslam, most wanted terrorist
Suspected suicide bombers
National Impact (Belgium):
Local travel delays along the country’s borders
Tightened security in airports, ports and near nuclear infrastructure
Closure of public services
The threat level was raised from 3 to 4, its highest level.
National and Regional Impact of Attacks
Supply Chain Disruptions and Restrictions:
Interruptions to air freight transport
Brussels airport closed until further notice
Flights cancelled and diverted, mainly to Amsterdam and Dusseldorf
Halt in all international train traffic, including rail freight, with Brussels,
train stations evacuated and closed
Regional Impact:
The attacks in Brussels have had four primary effects on Belgium’s neighbouring
countries:
Heightened security at transportation hubs
Tightened border security
Potential for additional anti-terrorist operations
Organisation of support rallies
Supply Chain Disruptions and Restrictions:
France
Interior Ministry: “1,600 police deployed to border crossings, airports,
ports and rail infrastructure”
Security reinforced at Charles de Gaulle and Orly airports; delays
expected
Deployment of security officers in major cities could disrupt road
transport
Netherlands
Tightened controls at the Belgian border
Added police patrols at national airports: Schiphol, Rotterdam, and
Eindhoven
Increased security presence at train stations
Germany
Controls at Belgian border enhanced
Train traffic, including rail freight, destined for Brussels is stopping
before Belgian border at Aachen
Security presence at airports and train stations increased
United Kingdom
International rail traffic to Brussels suspended
Security increased at airports and other transport hubs
Extra police mobilization in London
EU Review Security Plans
National authorities across Europe reviewed the security of their airports.
As a result, additional measures have been adopted for public areas (landside)
at many airports.
These additional measures are aimed at reinforcing surveillance & increasing
detection capabilities and they remain in place
Olivier Jankovec, Director General ACI EUROPE commented
“Security is paramount and we the airport industry remain firmly committed to
continuously improving the quality and efficiency of security measures.
Airports are already among the most regulated spaces in this regard.
What happened yesterday in Istanbul shows us that the real challenge now is to
stop terrorists before they ever reach an airport or any other public space –
I cannot reiterate enough, better intelligence and more effective information
exchange & cooperation between the competent public authorities needs to
become the highest priority.”
Legislative Impact – Amendment 15 to Annex 17 on Landside
4.8 Measures relating to the landside
4.8.1 Each Contracting State shall ensure that landside areas are identified.
4.8.2 Each Contracting State shall ensure that security measures are established
for landside areas to mitigate the risk of and to prevent possible acts of unlawful
interference in accordance with risk assessments carried out by the
relevant authorities or entities.
4.8.3 Each Contracting State shall ensure coordination of landside security
measures in accordance with Standards 3.1.5, 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 between relevant
departments, agencies, other organizations of the State, and other entities, and
identify appropriate responsibilities for landside security in its national civil aviation
security
Airport Concerns:
Collaborate with national regulators to agree on a definition of “landside.”
A clear definition will be critical to defining the scope of preventative measures
Ensuring that the focus of measures are risk based
Work with national regulators and State agencies to conduct a vulnerability
assessment
Work with State agencies for intelligence and information gathering
Agreeing on a range of flexible options for measures to enhance security as
the threat situation dictates, including
the use of high visibility deterrence such as explosive-detection
equipment and dog teams,
high visibility Police patrols and behaviour detection;
ACSA on Landside Security
Enhance landside security measures
Increase landside roadway and parking presence at areas of high pedestrian
and vehicular traffic
Vetting of landside and retail tenants
Random screening of passengers and baggage with the use of K9 operations
Increased CCTV monitoring for landside & Terminal security
High visibility patrol strategies” to increase passenger awareness of police
presence
Implementation of behaviour detection methods
Security Infrastructure design
These might include:
blast proofing;
the use of materials to minimize damage (such as shatterproof glass);
bollards, flowerpots and other structures to prevent drive-in attacks;
the separation of vehicle drop-off and pickup points from the terminal
entrance through use of a concourse or other pedestrianized area; and
management of space to reduce gatherings of people.
Usage of License Plate Recognition (LPR)
Enhance landside security measures in the Departure and Arrivals
Halls
Landside roads shall include preterminal screening capability, CCTV
monitoring for security and safety, and minimize proximity to airside
Contingency plans shall be evaluated from an infrastructure interdependencies
to enhance coordination with other infrastructure providers (e.g. electric power,
telecommunications, water, transportation)
According to roles and responsibilities airport and airlines personnel shall be
aware of security risks,
be trained to respond to incidents (i.e. trained to detect weapons,
explosives and CBRN products)
Educated to analyse complex situations (i.e. Psychological profiling
through cameras and covert observation at different areas of the airport)
Gate-Keepers” shall have fast online updates on current threats.
Police to provide a high-visibility Presence
High visibility patrol strategies” to increase passenger awareness of police
presence.
High visibility presence in areas identified as “hot spots” through exhaustive
and definitive crime analysis
Increase landside roadway and parking presence at areas of high pedestrian
and vehicular traffic
Reduce and prevent the fear of crime in airport:
retail areas & other retail commercial space
Business stakeholder participation utilizing high visibility policing
Internal Control Assessment Landside Security
Effective oversight management
Sufficient monitoring controls by management
Effective controls
Adequate compliance monitoring – (applicable legislation)
Adequate training
Adherence to prevailing policies and procedures
Effectiveness of Airport Security Watch Program
Stakeholder engagement and commitment
Security / Port of Entry
• Customs • SAPS • BCOCC • DHA • Health • Agriculture
Stakeholders • Regulator • Airlines • Communities • Business Chamber • Local Government • Provincial Govt • Suppliers
THANK YOU
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