13569249 TOEFL Essential Words

8/9/2019 13569249 TOEFL Essential Words

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Gmat http://higher786.blogspot.com/2007/04/gre-links.html

A

act, ag

• react (verb): to act in response to something

○ re + act

○ How did he react when he heard the news?

• agent (noun): something which acts or acts upon something else

ag + ent

○ The travel agent helped her purchase the tickets.

• active (adjective): involving movement, moving about

○ act + ive

○ oan is an active child.

• agitate (verb): to e!cite, to disturb, to stir up

○ agit + ate

○ The washing machine agitates the load o" laundr#.

a!, a!it, ar

• a!ible ( adjective): can be heard

○ aud + ible

○ $our voice is barel# audible over the sound o" the train whistle.

• a!itorim (noun): a place where one goes to hear something

○ audit+ orium

○ The band pla#ed in the school auditorium

• ariclar

○ aur + ic + ul + ar

○ The auricular abilit# o" the cat is well%known.

am, ami

• amoros (adjective): loving

○ amor + ous

○ The actor pla#ed an amorous role.

• amiable (adjective) "riendl#, agreeable

○ ami + able

○ He seems to be an amiable man.

• amicable (adjective): "riendl#

○ ami c + able

○ The two neighbors came to an amicable decision about the "ence.

anim

• animal (noun): a living creature



○ anim + al

○ & dog is an animal.

• animate (verb): to give spirit or support, to suppl# movement

○ anim + ate

○ The artist animated the cartoon.

• animosit" (noun): hostilit#, ill will

○ animos + it#

○ There isn't an# animosit# between us.

ann, ann, enni

• annals (noun): record o" events, historical records

○ ann + al + s

○ The annals o" the organiation are kept in notebooks.

• annal (adjective): #earl#

○ annu + al

○ he is planning on going to the compan#'s annual meeting.

• annit" (noun): mone# pa#able #earl#

○ annu + it#

○ oan is going to invest her annuit# in the stock market.

• anniversar" (noun): the #earl# celebration o" an event

○ anni + vers + ar#

○ ohn's parents will celebrate their wedding anniversar# in &pril.

• perrenial (adjective): enduring, persisting "or several #ears

○ per + enn + ial

○ * would like to bu# some perrenial plants.

ac, ag, at

• athor (noun): one that originates or creates, a writer

○ auth + or

○ usan met the author o" this book.

• agment (verb): to increase, to add to

○ aug + ment

○ He had to augment his salar# b# taking another job.

• action (noun): a sale o" goods to the highest bidder

○ auct + ion

○ * bought this car at the auction.

#

bene

• benevolent (adjective): marked b# goodwill



○ bene + vol + ent

○ The alvation &rm# is known as a benevolent societ# "or its acts o" charit#.

• benign (adjective): harmless, mild, gentle

○ ben + ign

○ The doctor removed a benign tumor "rom m# neck and * went home the same da#.

biblio

• bibliograph" (noun): a list o" written works

○ biblio + graph + #

○ la" listed a brie" bibliograph# at the end o" his paper.

bio, bi

• biolog" (noun): the stud# o" li"e

○ bio + log + #

○ *n biolog# class the students learned about how the human bod# works.

brev

• brie$ (adjective): short

○ brie"

○ &nand gave a brie" lecture on the rain "orest.

• abbreviate (verb): to shorten

○ ab + brevi + ate

○ How does one abbreviate the word -innesota?

• brevit" (noun): short or concise e!pression

○ brev + it#

○ The politician gave short speeches and he became known "or his brevit#.

%

ca!, cap, cas, ceiv, cept, ci!

• !eceive (verb): to cause or allow someone to believe something is true when it is actuall# "alse to

mislead

○ de + ceive

○ The criminal deceived man# people into believing she was honest.

• capable (adjective): having the abilit# to do something having the traits necessar# to per"orm

some action

○ cap + able

○ ose is a ver# capable law#er.

•

capacios (adective): containing a great deal○ capac + ious

○ $ou have a capacious librar# with man# unusual books.



• captive (noun, adjective): a person held against his or her own will held prisoner

○ cap+ tive

○ The captives were taken to the jail.

○ /eo"" had a captive audience.

• acci!ent (noun): an unplanned event

○ ac + cid + ent

○ 0on't get upset about minor accidents and errors.

• captre (verb): to gain control o", to gain b# e""ort

○ capt + ure

○ *n the game o" chess, the object is to capture the king.

• occasion (noun): an opportunit# a happening, instance or celebration

○ oc + cas + ion

○ 0id #ou have an occasion to speak with #our pro"essor?

• receive (verb): to take in, to ac1uire

○ re + ceive

○ *melda received man# letters in the mail toda#.

• concept (noun): an idea

○ con + cept

○ The concept o" using computers in the classroom is relativel# new.

ceas, ce!e, cee!, cess

• pre!ecessor (noun): a person who has previousl# occupied a position that another has taken over

○ pre + de + cess + or

○ * hope * can live up to m# predecessor's reputation.

• sccee! (verb): to "ollow a"ter another, to do well

○ suc + ceed

○ To succeed as a student, one must stud#.

• rece!e (verb): to move back, to withdraw

○ re + cede

○ The water receded "ive da#s a"ter the "lood.

• conce!e (verb): to accept as true, to #ield, to allow

○ con + cede

○ * conceded to her point o" view.

• e&cee! (verb): to go be#ond a limit, to be greater than

○ e! + ceed

○ The driver e!ceeded the speed limit b# ten miles an hour.

• recess (noun): an indentation, a temporar# break

○ re + cess

○ The children were given a recess "rom the lessons.

• !ecease! (adjective): dead

○ de + ceas + ed



○ The deceased person will be cremated rather than buried.

chron

• chronic (adjective): marked b# a long period o" time, recurrence

○ chron + ic

○ /abrielle has a chronic back disorder and cannot li"t heav# objects.

• chronicle (noun): a historical account arranged in order o" time

○ chron + icle

○ The teacher asked us to read a chronicle on the 2evolutionar# 3ar.

• chronological (adjective): arranged in order o" time

○ chrono + log + ical

○ The te!t book listed the presidents in chronological order.

clam, claim

• acclaim (verb): praise

○ ac + claim

○ The restaurant is acclaimed "or its desserts.

• e&claim (verb): to speak loudl#, to cr# out in surprise

○ e! + claim

○ The children e!claimed hurra# when the# heard there would be no classes tomorrow.

• clamor (noun, verb): n. noise, v. to make noise

○ clam + or

○ The children clamored "or more ice cream.

• proclaim (verb): to declare loudl#

○ pro + claim

○ The president o" the universit# proclaimed -arch 45 to be a holida# in honor o" the

school's award winning "acult#.

cogn, gnos

• cogni'ant (adjective): aware

○ cogni + ant

○ The man was cogniant o" the danger o" walking through the park at night.

• !iagnose (verb): to recognie (diseases) b# s#mptoms

○ dia + gnose

○ The patient was diagnosed with 6#me's disease.

• agnostic (noun): one who believes that an# ultimate realit# is unknowable

○ ag + gnost + ic

○ ohn is unsure o" the realit# o" god and considers himsel" to be an agnostic.

• recogni'e (verb): to know, to identi"#

○ re + cogn + ie

○ * thought * recognied #our "ace "rom somewhere.



corp

• corpse (noun): a dead bod#

○ corpse

○ & corpse was "ound "loating in the river.

• corplent (adjective): having a large bod#

○ corp + ul + ent

○ The corpulent politician jabbed a "at "inger in the air.

• incorporate (verb): to unite into one being

○ in + corp + or + ate

○ The artist incorporated paint, photographs, and "abric into her artwork.

• corporate (adjective): "ormed into a bod# or association, united in one group

○ corp + or + ate

○ The corporate structure allowed man# people to work as a group.

cre, cresc, cret

• crescent (noun, adjective): a narrow curved shape a 1uarter moon or smaller

○ cresc + ent

○ The crescent moon could be glimpsed through the clouds.

• create (verb): to originate, to produce through imagination

○ cre + ate

○ The musician created a new musical arrangement.

• accretion (verb): growth b# gradual addition

○ ac + cret + ion

○ The accretion o" dirt on windows is sometimes hard to detect.

• increase (verb): to grow in sie or amount

○ in + crease &l"onse wishes he could "ind a wa# to increase his salar#.

cre!

• cre!ible (adjective): can be believed, reasonable

○ cred + ible

○ The witness gave a credible account o" the accident.

• cre!los (adjective): too read# to believe

○ cred + ul + ous

○ The credulous child believed the stor# about "l#ing horses.

• incre!ible (adjective): unbelievable, amaing

○ in + cred + ible

○ -akiko said she just saw an incredible horror movie.

cor, cr, crr, crs

• e&crsion (noun): a trip



○ e! + curs + ion

○ The "ather planned an e!cursion to the oo "or his children.

• !iscorse (noun, verb): a conversation, to talk

○ dis + course

○ The discourse between the speaker and the audience was in"ormal.

• corier (noun): a messenger

○ couri + er

○ The courier gave the message to the secretar#.

• corse (noun, verb): "orward movement, movement "rom point to point to run along a path

○ course

○ 7lood courses through #our veins with ever# beat o" #our heart.

• occr (verb): to happen, to come to mind

○ oc + cur

○ *t just occurred to me that tomorrow is #our birthda#.

• crrent (adjective, noun): happening now, up to date the movement o" water

○ curr + ent

○ *s this in"ormation current or out o" date?

(

!ic, !ict, !it

• !ictionar" (noun): a book o" de"initions

○ dict + ion + ar#

○ uliana looked up the word in the dictionar#.

• con!ition (noun): the state o" something or someone

○ con + dit + ion

○ *s #our car in good condition?

• in!icate (verb): to show, to point out

○ in + dic + ate

○ The gas gauge indicates that we are almost out o" gas.

• !ictate (verb): to speak "or a person to record, to issue an order

○ dict + ate

○ The law#er dictated the letter to her secretar#.

• pre!ict (verb): to sa# what will happen in the "uture

○ pre + dict

○ oseph predicts that he will get married in ten #ears.

• a!!ict (verb): to be devoted to something in an obsessive manner

○ ad + dict

○ 6eslie is addicted to betting on the horse races.

!oc, !oct



• !octor (noun): a person who has received the highest degree a universit# o""ers, a ph#sician

○ doct + or

○ &ndre is going to medical school so that he can be a doctor like his mother.

• !octrine (noun): something that is taught, dogma

○ doct r + ine

○ 3e learned about the doctrine o" mani"est destin# in our &merican histor# class.

• !ocile (adjective): obedient, easil# taught

○ doc + ile

○ -rs. /alinde wants to bu# a docile dog "or her son.

• !ocment (noun): an o""icial paper

○ docu + ment

○ The librar# houses man# government documents in its collection.

!og, !o&

• ortho!o& (adjective): holding conventional belie"s

○ ortho + do!

○ * don't know i" m# interpretation o" that book is orthodo! or not.

• !ogma (noun): an established opinion

○ dog + ma

○ ome people "ind the dogma associated with that organiation disturbing.

• para!o& (noun): a statement that seems to contradict itsel" but contains some truth

○ para + do!

○ The parado! o" the matter is that * want to see the opera but * also want to sta# home.

!ec, !ign

• !ecorate (verb): to make something look attractive or suitable

○ dec + or + ate

○ 6inda decorated her apartment with paintings and plants.

• !ecent (adjective): con"orming to standards, good, kind

○ dec + ent

○ This magaine contains a decent article on home improvement.

• !ignit" (noun): 1ualit# o" being worth#, noble, honored

○ dign + it#

○ * haven't #et had the dignit# and honor o" being grand marshall o" the parade.

!c, !ct

• con!ct (verb, noun): v. to lead or guide, n. a person's behavior

○ con + duct

○ ared was conducted into the doctor's o""ice b# the nurse.

○ &rnelle's conduct was ine!cusable and she should apologie to the class.

• e!cate (verb): to train, to provide schooling "or

○ e + duc + ate



○ The school tries to educate its students to be productive members o" societ#.

• in!ct (verb): to install in o""ice or to enroll in militar# service

○ in + duct

○ -ind# was inducted into the arm# last month.

• !e!ct (verb): to subtract

○ de + duct

○ The salesperson deducted "ive dollars o"" the purchase price o" the radio.

• !e!ce (verb): to make a decision or draw a conclusion b# reasoning

○ de + duce

○ * deduced "rom the trail o" crumbs and the empt# milk carton that the children were home.

• pro!ce (verb, noun): to bring "orward, to make to bear or #ield something made or grown

○ pro + duce

○ The law#er produced new evidence at the trial.

○ The produce "rom the "arm will go to the market ne!t week.

• se!ce (verb): to persuade (especiall# into doing something wrong), to tempt

○ se + duce

○ -one# and power have been known to seduce man# honest people.

• in!ce (verb): to persuade, cause, or bring about b# arti"icial means.

○ in + duce

○ *" a child swallows poison, it is suggested that vomiting should be induced.

)

ev, et

• eternal (adjective): not e""ected b# time, without beginning or end, ceaseless

○ etern + al

○ The lecture seemed eternal and man# in the audience had "allen asleep.

• me!ieval (adjective): relating to the -iddle &ges (899 % 5899 &0)

○ med + iev al

○ There are man# st#les to medieval architecture and a building built in 899 &0 looks

di""erent "rom one built in 5999 &0.

*

$ict, $eign, $ain

• $aint (adjective, verb): indistinct, not clearl# perceived, weak to lose consciousness "rom lack o"

blood to the brain

○ "aint

○ There is a "aint odor o" apples in this room.

○ ome people "aint at the sight o" blood.

• $eign (verb): to pretend

○ "eign



○ The child "eigned illness in an attempt to avoid the test.

• $iction (noun): something produce "rom imagination, an invented stor#

○ "ict + ion

○ The e!cuse -arvin just gave "or not doing his homework is pure "iction.

$ig

• e$$ig" (noun): a "igure representing a disliked person.

○ e " + "ig + #

○ The children made an e""ig# o" their nast# neighbor.

• $igre (noun): shape, pattern, drawing

○ "ig + ure

○ The "igure 6ouise drew on the paper looks nothing like an apple.

• $igment (noun): a thing that does not e!ist, something made up

○ "ig + ment

○ /hosts and monsters are "igments o" an active imagination.

$ac, $act, $ec, $ic, $as, $ea

• $ashion (noun, verb): the "orm o" something, st#le to give shape or "orm to

○ "ash + ion

○ The current "ashion is hair worn short.

• $easible (adjective): capable o" being done

○ "eas + ible

○ The engineer thought that building the bridge across the river was a "easible project.

• $eatre (noun, verb): the appearance or "orm o" a person or object to picture or portra#

○ "eat + ure

○ 6isette's best "eature is her e#es.

• $actor" (noun): a place where things are made or built

○ "act + or#

○ There is a boat "actor# near the river.

• !i$$iclt (adjective): hard to do, troublesome, hard to understand

○ di + "ic + ult

○ The test was di""icult and * answered onl# eight o" the ten 1uestions.

• $act (noun): something known to be true

○ "act

○ *t's a "act that the world is round.

• e$$ect (noun): a change caused b# something, a result, in"luence

○ e + "ect

○ The sun's e""ect on human skin is known to be harm"ul.

$er

• $ertile (adjective): productive, bearing or capable o" bearing "ruit in large 1uantities



○ "ert + ile

○ The land b# the river is 1uite "ertile and man# crops are grown there.

• re$er (verb): to classi"# within a general categor#, to send or direct to another source

○ re + "er

○ The patient was re"erred to a ph#sical therapist "or additional treatment.

• in$er (verb): to come to a conclusion "rom "acts or ideas, to guess

○ in + "er

○ ometimes a reader has to in"er "rom the "acts presented in an article what the main idea

is about.

$i!

• !i$$i!ent (adjective): hesitant in acting, sh#

○ di " + "id + ent

○ The di""ident student would not speak in "ront o" the class.

• $i!elit" (noun): the 1ualit# o" being "aith"ul, accurac#

○ "id + el + it#

○ The "idelit# o" this video reproduction is 1uite good.

• con$i!e (verb): to trust, to trust another person with a secret

○ con + "ide

○ oan con"ided in her "riend and told her a secret.

$l, $lct, $l&

• $lent (adjective): capable o" moving with ease, able to speak another language

○ "lu + ent

○ The dancer had a "luent bod#.

○ uanita is "luent in several languages.

• sper$los (adjective): e!tra, more than is needed

○ super + "lu + ous

○ Three cherries on m# piece o" cake is super"luous * onl# needed one.

• in$lence (verb, noun): to have an e""ect on something the abilit# to a""ect something indirectl#

○ in + "lu + ence

○ *t was ohn's success as a musician that in"luenced m# decision to take guitar lessons.

• $li! (adjective): capable o" "lowing, a smooth st#le, li1uid

○ "lu + id

○ The ink m# new pen is 1uite "luid and "lows evenl# across the page.

• $lctate (verb): to shi"t back and "orth, to move erraticall#

○ "luct u + ate

○ -# bod# temperature has been "luctuating all da# %% sometimes *'m hot and sometimes

*'m cold.

$orm

• $ormat (noun): the shape and sie o" something, the arrangement o" something

○ "orm + at



○ The "ormat o" this class will be hal" lecture and hal" class participation.

• $ormlate (verb): to prepare "rom a set o" steps ("ormula), to devise

○ "orm + ul + ate

○ The chemist "ormulated a new wa# o" making dish detergent.

$ract, $rag, $rai

• $ractre (verb, noun): to break, to crack a broken bone

○ "ract + ure -iguel "ractured arm his while skiing.

• $ragment (noun): a piece broken o"", a part o" something

○ "rag + ment

○ *t bothers me that * can remember onl# a "ragment o" the poem rather than the whole

piece.

• $rail (adjective): easil# broken, not strong

○ "rail

○ 7e care"ul That chair is "rail

G

gen, gin

• generall" (adverb): in a general manner, usuall#, with regard to the whole not speci"ics

○ gen + er + al + l#

○ /enerall#, 6ance leaves work at 8:99 p.m.

• gingerl" (adverb, adjective): care"ul

○ gin + ger + l#

○ ;aulette picked up the anti1ue vase gingerl# and placed it on the shel".

• in!igenos (adjective): native, having been born in a speci"ic area or environment

○ in + di + gen + ous

○ The tomato plant is indigenous to outh &merica.

ge

• geograph" (noun): a science that describes the earth's sur"ace

○ geo + graph + #

○ The geograph# o" <ew $ork varies "rom the sand# shores to rock# mountains.

gor

• categori'e (verb): to place things in classes or sets, to classi"#

○ cat e + gor + ie

○ The pro"essor asked her students to categorie the plants the# "ound.

gra!, gress, gree

• gra!e (noun): a stage in a process, a mark indicating 1ualit#



○ grade

○ &li hopes to receive a passing grade on his midterm e!am.

○ grade

○ &li hopes to receive a passing grade on his midterm e!am.

• progress (verb, noun): to move "orward "orward movement

○ pro + gress

○ -ina progressed to the ne!t level in her =rench language program.

○ There hasn't been much progress made in getting the house built %% onl# the "rame is up.

• !egree (noun): a step or stage in a process, a rank, a level o" intensit#

○ de + gree

○ There is a high degree o" stress associated with being a police o""icer.

graph, gra$

• graphic (adjective): written, drawn, vividl# shown

○ graph + ic

○ 0ominic is planning to stud# graphic art.

• gra$$itti (noun): drawings or writing on a wall

○ graph + itti

○ -an# people "ind the gra""itti on the subwa# trains disturbing.

+

her, hes

• a!here (verb): to stick

○ ad + here

○ ;aper o"ten adheres to wet sur"aces.

• hesitate (verb): to hold back a decision, to waver

○ hes it + ate

○ 0on't hesitate to call me i" #ou need help.

ac, ect, et

• a!acent (adjective): to lie ne!t to

○ ad + jac + ent

○ $ou won't have a long walk between classes because the engineering building is

adjacent to the chemistr# laboratories.

• ettison (verb): to throw awa#, to cast o""

○ jet t + ison

○ The captain o" the sinking ship jettisoned the cargo.

• reect (verb): to throw out, unwilling to accept

http://www.learn4good.com/languages/toefl/vocabulary_root.htm










○ re + ject

○ 0avid was rejected b# two schools be"ore he "ound a school that accepted him.

g, nct, st

• a!st (verb): to change or adapt to "it or match something

○ ad + just

○ ared has to adjust to his new work schedule.

• congal (adjective): o" marriage, marital relationship

○ con + jug + al

○ ne should think seriousl# be"ore entering a conjugal relationship.

• nction (noun): the place at which two things join

○ junct + ion

○ 0eborah's house is at the junction o" Hill and -aple streets.

le&, leg

• college (noun): a school "or higher learning, a group o" people having a common purpose

○ col + lege

○ $olanda is going to college to become a law#er.

• legal (adjective, noun): based on law con"orms to law

○ leg + al

○ ared is working as a legal secretar# "or two law#ers in <ew $ork

○ *s it legal to own "ireworks in -assachusetts or is there a law against them?

• leage (noun): a group o" people, an association

○ leag + ue

○ There are "i"t# people participating in the bowling league.

lect

• collect (verb): to gather, to bring together

○ col + lect

○ The little girl collected wild"lowers "or her mother.

• legible (noun): readible, clear enough to read

○ leg + ible

○ His handwriting is 1uite legible.

• eligible (adjective): 1uali"ied, worth# to be chosen

○ e + lig + ible

○ <ow that /eo""re# is eighteen he is eligible to vote.

loc

• locall" (adverb): nearb#, relative to a certain area



○ loc + al + l#

○ The vegetables are grown locall#.

log

• logic (noun): the stud# o" reason

○ log + ic

○ imone is taking a class in logic and she is learning about how to reason.

lc

• translcent (adjective): allowing some light to shine through

○ trans + luc + ent

○ The sheet o" paper is translucent when held close to a lightbulb.

• illminate (verb): to provide with light, to make lighter, to make clear

○ il + lum + in + ate

○ The lamp illuminates the room.

• illstrate (verb): to e!plain b# using pictorial e!amples, to show b# using visual e!amples

○ il + lustr + ate

○ >hristopher illustrated his idea on piece o" paper "or ever#one to see.

man

• management (noun): the act o" handling or running something, usuall# a business.

○ man + age + ment

○ This store is under new management.

mem

• commemorate (verb): to remember an important event through ceremon# or observation

○ com + mem + or + ate

○ The &merican 2evolution is commemorated ever# =ourth o" ul#.

• memor" (noun): the abilit# to recall past events

○ mem + or + #

○ /eanine has an e!cellent memor# and she can recall things that happened #ears ago.

ment

• mental (adjective): related to the mind

○ ment + al

○ 6auren's mental abilities must be 1uite good i" she achieved a per"ect score without even

stud#ing.

• mention (verb): to cite, to speak about, to re"er to

○ ment + ion

○ The instructor "orgot to mention that the class was cancelled.



min

• minor (adjective): lesser, less important

○ min + or

○ The kni"e slipped and -arcelle received a minor cut.

• minte (adjective, noun): tin#, ver# small si!t# seconds

○ min + ute

○ ven though the speck o" dirt on the camera lens was minute, it ruined the photograph.

○ Terr# will be "inished in one minute.

• minscle (adjective): ver# small

○ minusc + ule

○ The minuscule gem was ver# hard to see without magni"#ing glasses.

mit, miss

• a!mit (verb): to accept, to con"ess, to allow entr#

○ ad + mit

○ * must admit that even though #ou didn't like the movie * did.

• missive (noun): a letter to be sent

○ miss + ive

○ -issives were more common one hundred #ears ago. Toda#, people use the telephone.

mob, mov, mot

• remove (verb): to take o"" or to take awa#

○ re + move

○ The waiter removed the dirt# dishes "rom the table.

• mobile (adjective): able to move

○ mob + ile

○ -an# people drive their mobile homes "rom <orth to outh, "ollowing the warm weather.

• motion (noun): act o" moving, action

○ mot + ion

○ -an# people "ind the motion o" a rocking chair soothing.

nasc, nat, gnant, nai

• native (adjective): belonging to a place b# birth, indigenous

○ nat +ive

○ Turke#s are native to <orth &merica.

• nascent (adjective): just born

○ nasc + ent

○ The nascent kittens curled up with their mother.



• pregnant (adjective): having a child developing in the womb, with child

○ pre + gn +ent

○ 6inda's dog is pregnant and it will have its puppies in <ovember.

• naive (adjective): lack o" e!perience, not knowledgeable o" the world

○ nai + ve

○ 3hen livia went to <ew $ork ten #ear's ago she was naive, but now she is a well%seasoned traveler.

nom

• nominate (verb): to name "or o""ice

○ nomin + ate

○ @ittorio nominated -ar# "or class president.

• s"non"m (noun): a word with a similar meaning to another word in the same language

○ s#n + on#m

○ The word "air is a s#non#m "or the word just.

nov

• novelt" (noun): something new

○ novel + t#

○ &"ter si! months the novelt# o" ;ierre's new car is starting to wear o"".

• novice (noun): a newcomer, a beginner, someone new to something

○ nov + ice

○

7jorn is a novice when it comes to pla#ing poker or other card games.

1

oper

• operate (verb): to work, to per"orm

○ oper + ate

○ ;eople are advised not to operate heav# machiner# a"ter drinking alcohol.

• ops (noun): a musical composition

○ opus

○ @ivaldi's opus number three is not as well known as is other compositions.

pat

• patient (adjective, noun): calm, bearing pain without complaint a person under medical care

○ pat i + ent

○ osiah was patient as he waited in line "or concert tickets.

○ &melia has been a patient o" 0r. /usta"'s "or ten #ears.



• passion (noun): a strong "eeling or emotion

○ pass + ion

○ 7arbara has a passion "or motorc#cle racing.

• s"mpath" (noun): sharing another person's "eelings, the abilit# to "eel "or another person's

su""ering

○s#m + path + #

○ >hing%wei e!pressed his deepest s#mpath# when hearing o" -rs. -artin's death.

• patholog" (noun): the stud# o" diseases

○ patho + log + #

○ 7laise is stud#ing patholog# because he wants to learn about diseases.

pe!

• impe!e (verb): to hinder, to slow down

○ im + pede

○ The shackles and chains impeded the prisoner's escape.

• pe!estal (noun): a support "or a column or other structure, a base "or something

○ pedest + al

○ ohannes put the vase on a pedestal.

• pe!estrian (noun): a person walking

○ pedestr + ian

○ &s soon as the cars stopped, the pedestrians crossed the street.

po!

• po!im (noun): a plat"orm, an area raised above the surrounding ground, a place at which to

speak in "ront o" an audience

○ pod + ium

○ The pro"essor walked up to the podium and spoke into the microphone.

pel

• repel (verb): to drive awa# or push back

○ re + pel

○ 0oes -argo's new jacket repel water?

• plse (noun): the regular action o" blood through arteries

○ pulse

○ The nurse "elt "or the patient's pulse in his neck.

pen!, pon!

• sspen! (noun): to hang "rom, to interrupt, to stop

○ sus + pend

○ The light was turned on b# a string suspended "rom the light "i!ture.

• pon!er (verb): to think about, to weigh in one's mind

○ pond + er



○ 6evi pondered the possibilit# o" going to medical school.

phan, $an

• phantom (noun): something seen but having no ph#sical e!istence, a ghost.

○ phan + tom

○ The children told horror stories about phantoms and ghosts.

• $antas" (noun): a creation o" the imagination that cannot be real, a da#dream

○ "antas + #

○ 3hen -iguel was a child he had a "antas# about being a doctor on the planet upiter.

phil

• philosopher (noun): a person who seeks (loves) wisdom

○ philo+ soph + er

○ ;lato wrote about the /reek philosopher ocrates.

phon

• phonetic (adjective) relating to speech sounds

○ phonet + ic

○ The phonetic alphabet is use"ul when stud#ing languages or linguistics.

pict

• !epict (verb): to portra#, to represent

○ de + pict

○ *n the movie the character was depicted as evil.

port

• import (verb): to bring in "rom a "oreign countr#

○ im + port

○ =#odor imports caviar and other products "rom 2ussia.

• portage (noun) the labor o" carr#ing boats across land

○

port + age ○ 7ill said that he had a "ive mile portage on his last canoe trip.

pli, pl"

• repl" (verb, noun): to respond, to answer a response

○ re + pl#

○ 0id -arco repl# to mil#'s invitation?

○ 6#nn received a negative repl# "rom her parents and she will not be going to the part#.

• implicate (verb): to involve, to incriminate

○ im + plic + ate

○ The thie" was implicated in three burglaries.



• pl" (noun): a la#er

○ pl#

○ Two pl# tissue paper is stronger than one pl#.

pon, pos

• position (noun): a place occupied b# something

○ pos it + ion

○ 3hat position does *an hold at his mother's compan#?

• postpone (verb): to put o"" to a later time

○ post + pone

○ The baseball game was postponed because o" the storm.

• postre (noun) the position o" a bod#

○ post + ure

○ 0enise has terri"ic posture %% her back is straight and strong.

ps"ch

• ps"cholog" (noun): stud# o" how the mind works

○ ps#cho + log + #

○ 6#nette studies ps#cholog# because she is interested in how people think and "eel.

3

ir

• inire (verb): to ask about

○ in + 1uire

○ 0ebbie in1uired about emplo#ment opportunities at the "actor#.

• e&isite (adjective): care"ull# selected, marked b# beaut#

○ e! + 1uis + ite

○ ver#one noticed the e!1uisite diamond Toni was wearing.

• est (noun): a search, the act o" seeking

○ 1uest

○ &t "our in the morning Auinc# went out on a 1uest "or ice cream.

• er" (verb, noun): to ask 1uestions, a 1uestion

○ 1uer#

○ The law#er 1ueried the witness.

○ * have a 1uer# about the origins o" the nglish language.

5

rpt

• corrpt (verb, adjective): to change "rom good to bad



○ cor + rupt

○ The politician was corrupted b# power and mone#.

○ The corrupt judge was arrested "or accepting a bribe.

• rptre (verb): to break or burst

○ rupt + ure

○ The water bed ruptured and the water "lowed onto the "loor.

• interrpt (verb): to stop, to break in (usuall# with 1uestions)

○ inter + rupt

○ *t's impolite to interrupt someone while the# are speaking.

sci

•conscios (adjective): aware, having knowledge o" onesel"

○ con + sci + ous

○ /erturde was conscious o" ever#thing even though she appeared asleep.

• science (noun): a s#stem o" knowledge

○ sci + ence

○ >laire enjo#s science, especiall# biolog#.

scrib, scrip

• scribble (verb): to write 1uickl# or carelessl#

○ scribb + le

○ He scribbled a note in his notebook.

• script (noun): handwriting, something written

○ script

○ ometimes her script is hard to read.

• !escribe (verb): to sa# what something is like

○ de + scribe

○ The scientist described his e!periment to the class.

sent, sens

• sensation (noun): abilit# to "eel due to stimulation

○ sens + at + ion

○ amal "elt a tingling sensation in his arm a"ter he hit his elbow on the table.

• sentimental (adjective): marked b# "eeling or emotion

○ sent i + ment +al

○ 6auren has a sentimental attachment to that 1uilt because her great grandmother made

it.

se

• seence (noun): a continuous series





• aspicicios (adjective): "avorable

○ au + spicic + ious

○ The thousand dollar donation made "or an auspicious beginning.

• espionage (noun): using spies or observers

○ e + spion + age

○ spionage is o"ten depicted in m#ster# movies and novels.

spir

• respiration (noun): breathing

○ re + spir + at + ion

○ 2espiration becomes increasingl# di""icult the higher one climbs.

• inspire (verb): to stimulate, to "ill with a "eeling or desire

○ in + spire

○ tudents are o"ten inspired b# their teachers.

stab, stat

• statre (noun): height o" a bod#, importance o" position

○ stat + ure

○ *'m reluctant to sa# she was short, but she was o" rather small stature.

• establish (verb): to "ound, to start, to make "irm

○ e + stabl + ish

○ outhampton >ollege was established in 5BCD.

• stance (noun): a wa# o" standing, a position, an attitude

○ sta + nce

○ & person's stance is ver# important in the games o" gol" and baseball.

strain, strict

• restrain (verb): to hold back, to prevent "rom doing

○ re + strain

○ The dog was restrained b# the trainer's grip on its leash.

•constrict (verb): to s1ueee, to make narrow

○ con + strict

○ -arvin "elt constricted b# the suit and tie he wore to the meeting.

• stringent (adjective): strict, tight, severe

○ string + ent

○ There are stringent rules and regulations one must "ollow when operating a child care

center.

• prestige (noun): respect "or a person or a thing

○ pre + stige

○ There is a lot o" prestige associated with occup#ing a political position.

str, stro"



• !estro" (verb): to ruin, to pull down

○ de + stro#

○ The house was destro#ed b# the "ire.

• misconstre (verb): to interpret, anal#se, or understand something incorrectl# misunderstand

○ mis + con + strue

○ 0o not misconstrue his actions to mean he likes #ou %% being pleasant to customers ispart o" his job.

• obstrct (verb): to block, prevent, hinder

○ ob + struct

○ The "allen tree obstructed the roadwa# and blocked tra""ic "or hours.

tact, tang

• tactilel" (adverb): related to the sense o" touch

○ tact + ile + + l#

○ ome people are tactilel# oriented while others are visuall# oriented.

• tangible (adjective): able to be perceived b# touch, ph#sicall# real

○ tang + ible

○ -an# people want tangible proo" o" something be"ore the# believe it to be true.

• contigos (adjective): touching, ne!t in a se1uence

○ con + tig + uous

○ The Enited tates has "ort#%eight contiguous states.

• contingent (adjective): possible, dependent on something else

○ con + ting + ent

○ &rmand's move to a new apartment is contingent on his getting a raise.

ten!, tens

• e&tensive (adjective): large in area, wide

○ e! + tens + ive

○ There are e!tensive "arm "ields located in the plain states.

• conten! (verb): to strive or reach "or, to argue

○ con + tend

○ The two "ighters contended "or the heav#%weight championship title.

tain, ten

• retain (verb): to keep, to hold in place

○ re + tain

○ 7lanche retained her &laskan residence since she will return there when she is "inished

with school.

• contine (verb): to keep going, to remain

○ con + tin + ue



○ The movie is scheduled to continue until midnight.

• content (noun, adjective): something contained, held satis"ied

○ con + tent

○ * can't tell what the content o" this can is until * open it.

• tenacios (adjective): holding or sticking to something

○ ten + ac + ious

○ Fareem is tenacious and he will stick with a subject until he understands it.

term

• e&terminate (verb): to kill o"", to get rid o"

○ e! + term + in + ate

○ The chae""er's hired a compan# to e!terminate the cockroaches living in their house.

• terminal (adjective): relating to an end

○ term + in + al

○ -argot has been diagnosed with a terminal disease and has been given onl# si! months

to live.

terr

• territor" (noun): area o" land

○ territ + or#

○ This area is considered to be >anadian territor#.

• terrain (noun): the ph#sical "eatures o" an area

○terr + ain

○ There is some ver# rough terrain in the 3hite -ountain area o" <ew Hampshire.

test

• attest (verb): to provide proo", to sa# something is true

○ at + test

○ -alcolm can attest to hiela's honest# since he has known her "or ten #ears.

• testi$" (verb): to make a statement based on personal knowledge

○ test i"#

○ The witness testi"ied at the trial.

therm

• thermometer (noun) a device "or measuring heat

○ thermo + meter

○ * took m# temperature with a thermometer.

• thermal (adjective): relating to the presence o" heat

○ therm + al

○

6isa bought some thermal underwear to take with her when she goes skiing.

tor



• torment (noun, verb): agon#, pain to cause recurring pain

○ tor + ment

○ The torment ean's nightmares caused made him seek pro"essional help.

○ The guards tormented the prisoners.

• torsion (noun): twisting o" a bod# or an organ b# an e!ternal "orce along an a!is

○ tors + ion

○ The torsion o" the bolt will help release the wheel.

• contort (verb): to twist into an abnormal shape

○ con + tort

○ The actor contorted her "ace into an evil grin and scared the audience.

tract, trai

• attract (verb): to draw toward, to arouse interest

○ at + tract

○ The spilled sugar attracted "lies and ants.

• train (verb): to teach or to cause to do something

○ trai n

○ $vette trained her dog to per"orm tricks.

• treat" (noun): a "ormal agreement

○ treat + #

○ The rebels and the new government signed a treat# calling "or peace.

ni

• nite (verb) to make one, to join together

○ uni te

○ The two small companies united and became one large business.

• nison (noun): at the same time, at the same pitch

○ uni + son

○ The two singers sang in unison.

9

vac

• vacant (adjective): empt#, not occupied, "ree

○ vac + ant

○ The hotel has onl# one vacant room le"t.

•vacm (noun): empt# space, isolation "rom outside in"luence

○ vac u + um

○ ome people seem to live in a vacuum and the# have no knowledge o" current events.



ven, vent

• convene (verb): to assemble, to come together

○ con + vene

○ The meeting convened at 4:99 p.m. and lasted until 8:99 p.m.

• invent (verb): to create through thought or imagination

○ in + vent

○ &le!ander /raham 7ell invented the telephone and other devices.

• prevent (verb): to act ahead o", to keep "rom happening

○ pre + vent

○ 6amont prevented a disastrous "ire b# calling the "ire department the moment he smelled

smoke.

ver

• veri$" (verb): to con"irm that something is true

○ ver + i"#

○ The police o""icer veri"ied &rthur's identit# b# asking "or his driver's license.

• veracit" (noun): truth"ulness, accurac#

○ ver + ac + it#

○ 0aphne is known "or her veracit# and honest#.

verb, verv

•verbali'e (verb): to e!press in words, to put into words

○ verb + al + ie

○ ometimes it is di""icult to verbalie one's "eelings.

• verve (noun): enthusiasm

○ verve

○ The cheerleaders showed verve and school spirit at the "ootball game.

vers, vert:

• versatile (adjective): capable o" changing or adapting, use"ul

○ vers + at + ile

○ 3hen used correctl#, a computer can be a versatile tool.

• revert (verb): to go back, to return (to an original state)

○ re + vert

○ The land slowl# reverted to a wild state a"ter it was abandoned.

vi!, vis

• vi!eo (noun): television or recorded movies

○ vid + eo

○ ;atricia rented a video and watched it on her television.

• revie (verb): to look at again, to re%e!amine



○ re + view

○ -arsha reviewed "or the test b# re%reading her class notes.

• visible (adjective): able to be seen

○ vis + ible

○ ometimes the moon is visible during the da#.

• in!ivisible (adjective, noun): cannot be separated

○ in + di + vis + ible

○ The ;ledge o" &llegiance mentions that the Enited tates is an indivisible nation.

vit, viv

• vital (adjective): necessar# "or li"e

○ vit + al

○ The cancer had not #et spread to her vital organs and she was given an e!cellent chance

"or a "ull recover#.

• revive (verb): to return to li"e

○ re + vive

○ &"ter spending a da# in the sun, * was revived b# a glass o" water.

voc, voke

• vocal (adjective): uttered b# the voice, producing sound

○ voc + al

○ ;arrots are known to be ver# vocal birds.

•

revoke (verb): to call back, to withdraw○ re + voke

○ Farl's license was revoked because he was caught driving 49 miles over the speed limit.

volv, vol

• revolve (verb): to turn around

○ re + volve

○ The earth revolves around the sun.

• revolt (verb): to rebel, to turn against, to "eel disgust

○ re + volt

○ *t was the peasants who revolted during the =rench 2evolution.

○ >ooked carrots revolt some people.

• evoltion (noun): the process b# which something develops

○ e + vol + ut + ion

○ 0arwin and other natural scientists have developed theories o" evolution.

T=6 >ourse in <ew $ork

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13569249 TOEFL Essential Words

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