USM TEAMS WON 1 st and 2 nd PRIZES IN FLEXTRONICS ECO CHALLENGE CONTEST 2010 Kuala lumpur, 24 November - School of Materials & Mineral Resourses Engineering had send two teams to participate in Flextronics Eco Challenge Contest that was held at Crown Plaza Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. This contest was organized and sponsored by Flextronics Technology Sdn Bhd. The contest is aimed to nurture Initiative, Thought Leadership & Attitude towards designing and developing original & environmental-friendly products that reduces carbon footprint. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) took part in the contest by sending two teams respectively. Team A from USM (Lim Shu Lee, Leow Cheah Lee, Mohamad Ghadaffy Affendy and Mohamad Afiq Misman) won the 1st prize worth of USD 5000 for their project on “Reduce carbon dioxide gas via photocatalytic reac- tor to produce hydrocarbon”. Whereas USM team B (Mohd Firdaus Omar, Yusriah Lazim, Ratnamalar Rajasingam and Patrick Lim Whye Kheong) won the 2 nd prize of USD 3000 for their project on“Eco-nano membrane filter for water recycling’. Congratulations for both teams for creating new history to our school. GOLD MEDAL AT SEOUL INTERNATIONAL INVENTION FAIR 2010 Penang, 5 Disember – Universiti Sains Malaysia was among the top performing teams at the Seoul International Invention Fair 2010 (SIIF 2010), 2-5 December 2010 at Seoul, Korea. SIIF 2010 was organ- ized by Korea Invention Promotion Association (KIPA). The university won 3 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze for all the six products displayed. One of the gold medals was for “EnviroPLAST- A Green and Degradable Plastic “ invented by Professor Hanafi Ismail from School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering. EnviroPLAST was produced using a cheap and breakthrough technology to replace non-degradable petroleum based plastics. ENJINIER Buletin Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral Bulletin for the School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia JIL. 12 BIL. 02 No. ISSN: 1511-5275 http://www.usm.my DIS 2010 1 Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2010 USM teams at Flextronics Eco Challenge Contest 2010 USM teams at SIIF2010
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
USM TEAMS WON 1st and2nd PRIZES IN FLEXTRONICSECO CHALLENGE CONTEST2010
Kuala lumpur, 24 November -School of Materials & MineralResourses Engineering had send twoteams to participate in FlextronicsEco Challenge Contest that was heldat Crown Plaza Hotel, Kuala Lumpur.This contest was organized andsponsored by Flextronics TechnologySdn Bhd. The contest is aimed tonurture Initiative, ThoughtLeadership & Attitude towardsdesigning and developing original &environmental-friendly productsthat reduces carbon footprint.
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM),Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) andUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)took part in the contest by sendingtwo teams respectively. Team Afrom USM (Lim Shu Lee, LeowCheah Lee, Mohamad GhadaffyAffendy and Mohamad Afiq Misman)won the 1st prize worth of USD 5000for their project on “Reduce carbondioxide gas via photocatalytic reac-tor to produce hydrocarbon”.
Whereas USM team B (Mohd FirdausOmar, Yusriah Lazim, RatnamalarRajasingam and Patrick Lim WhyeKheong) won the 2nd prize of USD3000 for their project on“Eco-nanomembrane filter for water recycling’.Congratulations for both teams forcreating new history to our school.
GOLD MEDAL AT SEOULINTERNATIONAL INVENTION
FAIR 2010
Penang, 5 Disember – UniversitiSains Malaysia was among the topperforming teams at the SeoulInternational Invention Fair 2010(SIIF 2010), 2-5 December 2010 atSeoul, Korea. SIIF 2010 was organ-ized by Korea Invention PromotionAssociation (KIPA). The universitywon 3 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze forall the six products displayed. One ofthe gold medals was for“EnviroPLAST- A Green andDegradable Plastic “ invented byProfessor Hanafi Ismail from Schoolof Materials and Mineral ResourcesEngineering. EnviroPLAST wasproduced using a cheap andbreakthrough technology to replacenon-degradable petroleum basedplastics.
ENJINIERBuletin Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral
Bulletin for the School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia
USM teams at Flextronics Eco Challenge Contest 2010
USM teams at SIIF2010
THE 3RD REGIONALCONFERENCE
INTERDISCIPLINARY ONNATURAL RESOURCES &
MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Langkawi, Malaysia (25-26October 2010)
The school of Materials & MineralResources Engineering has organ-ized the 3rd Regional ConferenceInterdisciplinary on NaturalResources & Materials Engineering(3rd RC-NRM) , in Bayview Hotel,Langkawi, Malaysia from 25-26October 2010. This RegionalConference is one of the AUN/SEED-Net Phase II programs implementedfor its member institutions. Thetheme of the 3rd RC-NRM is“Sustainable Development in ASEANthrough Networking in NaturalResources and Materials” where aspecial focus was given on the eval-uation and value adding of the min-eral resources in the South East Asiaregion and also to enhance thedevelopment of EngineeringEducation especially in the field ofNatural Resources and MaterialsEngineering and networkingamongst participants from ASEANregion and Japan. The RC-NRM wasestablished to enhance the under-standing and cooperation in theinterdisciplinary fields amongresearchers and Engineers to shareexperiences and latest advance-ments in Science & Technology thatencompass the field of NaturalResources & Materials Engineeringas well as providing the academicplatform to establish this networkingwere universities, professional bod-ies, research institutes and industrymeet.
The first day of the conferencebegins with keynote speeches from3 invited Japanese professors fromKyushu University and University ofHokkaido, Japan, followed by anoth-er invited speaker from the SMMRE,Dr Cheang Kok Keong who gave hisplenary talk on day two. The RC wasofficiated by the Deputy ViceChancelor (Academic &International) of USM, Yang berba-hagia, Prof Ahmad Shukri and alsoattended by the Executive directorof AUN/SEED-Net Secretariat, ProfDr Prakit Tangtisanon and theExecutive director of ASEANFoundation, Dr Filemon A. Uriarte, Jrand delegates from the AUN/SEED-Net . The 3rd RC-NRM 2010 was asuccess with the conference receiv-ing about 45 oral papers and 35poster presenters from Malaysia,Burma, Indonesia, Thailand,Philippines, Singapore, Brunei andLaos presenting their researchresults, applications in variousaspects of Natural Resources andMaterials Engineering which coversall topics related to engineering as inGeology, Mining, Evaluation andValue adding of Resources, MineralProcessing and Resources Recycling,Energy, Environment, Ceramics,Metallurgy, Polymer and Naturalresources based products.
Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2010 2
Dr. Syed Fuad Saiyid Hashim
Prof. Zainal Arifin Ahmad
(Chief Editor)
Dr. Samayamutthirian Palaniandy
Mr. Mohd Nazri Idris
Prof. Hanafi Ismail
(Advisor)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azura A. Rashid
Assistant Editor
Editorial Board
Ms. Hasnah Awang
Ms. Habsah Haliman
Participants of RC-NRM 2010
KURSUS PENDEK“METALLURGY AND
PROCESSES”
16 Jun - B.BRAUN Malaysia telahmemberikan kepercayaan kepadakumpulan MRIG pusat pengajianuntuk mengendalikan kursus pen-dek bagi kakitangannya seramaisebelas orang. Kursus pendek berta-juk “Metallurgy and Processes” telahdijalankan selama dua hari berturut-turut bertempat di bilik seminarPPKBSM pada hari pertama dan dibilik seminar B.Braun padakeesokan harinya. Kursus ini mem-berikan maklumat-maklumat teoriberkenaan tajuk berkenaan kepadasemua peserta. Tenaga pengajaryang dilantik mengendalikan kursusini adalah Dr. Nurulakmal MohdSharif, Dr. Projjal Basu, Dr.Zuhailawati Hussain dan En. AhmadBadri Ismail yang juga bertindakselaku pengerusi dalam kursus ini.
Lanjutan daripada kursus berke-naan iaitu pada 27 dan 28September, kumpulan MRIG sekalilagi telah berjaya menganjurkankursus pendek bertajuk “Basic andAdvanced Metallurgy” khas untukkakitangan-kakitangan SouthernSteel Sdn. Bhd. Kursus dua hari initelah diadakan di Sunway HotelPulau Pinang. Pengajaran secarateori berkaitan kursus ini telah dik-endalikan oleh Dr. Nurulakmal, Dr.Sheikh Rezan, Dr. Anasyida, En.Ahmad Badri dan Dr. Zuhailawatiyang turut merangkap sebagaipengerusi kursus pendek kali ini.Jumlah peserta terlibat adalahseramai sepuluh (10) orang. Kedua-dua kursus ini telah berjayamendedahkan kepada para pesertaberkaitan isu-isu dan perkara-perkara asas penting yang terlibatdalam bidang metalurgi.
BENGKEL PENGENALANTERHADAP PENGUKURAN
KAKISAN
8 Julai – Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan Dan SumberMineral telah mengadakan satu lagi“in-house training” yang telah men-jadi amalan pusat pengajian sekianlama. Profesor Madya Dr. AhmadAzmin dan ahli jawatan kuasanyatelah melaksanakan satu bengkelbertajuk “Pengenalan TerhadapPengukuran Kakisan”. Bengkel inibertujuan memperkenalkan kepadajuruteknik Kejuruteraan Bahankaedah pengukuran dengan meng-gunakan peralatan terkini dalambidang kakisan iaitu dengan kaedahperisian komputer autolab potentio-stat. Selain itu, juruteknik juga
dilatih kaedah-kaedah penghan-taran laporan analisis sebagaipendedahan kepada penyediaanlaporan lengkap analisis yang dilak-sanakan.
Satu lagi “in-house training”telah berjaya diadakan oleh pusatpengajian melalui kumpulan MRIGialah “Workshop on basic metallur-gy” yang dipengerusikan oleh Dr.Zuhailawati pada 15-16 Disember.Bengkel ini dianjurkan buatjuruteknik Kejuruteraan Bahan danturut dibuka kepada para pelajarprojek tahun akhir dalam bidangmetalurgi serta pelajar ijazah tinggidalam bidang yang sama. Pengisianbengkel adalah melalui penyampa-ian secara teori berkaitan bidangberkenaan pada hari pertama sesidan seterusnya sesi praktikal padahari berikutnya.
SEMINAR PEMBELAUAN SINAR-X MENDAPAT SAMBUTAN RAMAI.
Selasa, 23 Nov 2010, KumpulanRekagraf yang diketuai oleh ProfRadzali dari PPK Bahan dan SumberMineral dengan kerjasama Bruker(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. telah men-gadakan Seminar PembelauanSinar-X : Analisis Kualitatif danKuantitatif yang disampaikan olehDr. Mohammad Hafizuddin HajiJumali dari Pusat Pengajian FizikGunaan, Fakulti Sains danTeknologi, Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia.Seminar yang dihadiri lebih daripada70 orang pelajar dan staf PPK Bahandan Sumber Mineral bermula padapukul 10 pagi dan ditangguh seketi-ka pada waktu makan tengahari dandisambung semula pada sebelahpetang. Perbincangan pada masapagi lebih menjurus kepada konseppenggunaan sinar-X, persediaansampel untuk dianalisis dan param-eter pengukuran yang digunakan.Perbincangan juga meliputi penggu-naan perisian EVA yang digunakanuntuk menganalisis sampel yangdiuji dengan mesin pembelauansinar-X.Topik perbincangan perisian EVAmendapat reaksi yang begitu positifdan hangat oleh para pelajar pusatpengajian ini kerana kebanyakanpelajar menggunakan perisian iniuntuk menganalisis sampel masing-masing. Dr. Mohammad Hafizuddinjuga menerangkan dengan lebih ter-perinci konsep penggunaan sesuatudata dalam perisian EVA, perkaitandengan sampel dan mesin sertapenambahbaikan yang bolehdilakukan pada seminar sebelahpetang.
Seminar ini telah memberi banyakmanafaat kepada pelajar selainperkongsian ilmu, secara tidak lang-sung membina jaringan pelajarkepada orang yang lebih mahir danini tidak terhenti dengan tertang-guhnya seminar. Diharap seminarseperti ini lebih banyak dilakukanuntuk melahirkan pelajar yang lebihberdaya saing dan berkemahirantinggi.
Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2010 3
Kajian Kes Jurnal: “Journal of Alloysand Compound” dan “Journal of
Applied Polymer Sciences”
Artikel ini ditulis untuk membuat analisisterhadap jurnal-jurnal popular yangmelibatkan penyelidikan Bahan. Jurnalyang menjadi fokus ialah Journal of Alloyand Compound (JALCOM) dan Journal ofApplied Polymer Sciences (JAPS).Walaupun kita hanya fokus kepada nilaifaktor impak (IF) sahaja, tetapi data sta-tistiknya juga penting untuk merancangpenerbitan untuk mendapat petikan yangmaksimum.
Kajian Kes 1JALCOM terletak dalam kategori‘Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering’untuk penentuan IF 2009 oleh ISI Web ofKnowledge. Data untuk tahun 2007 dan2008 adalah seperti berikut:
i. Jumlah petikanJournal of Alloy and Compound (7,365petikan, #1)Acta Materialia (4,756 petikan, #2)Scripta Materialia (3,406 petikan, #3)
ii. Jumlah artikelJournal of Alloy and Compound (3,450artikel)Acta Materialia (1,265 artikel)Scripta Materialia (1,155 artikel)
iii. Faktor impakActa Materialia (IF = 3.760, #1)Scripta Materialia (IF =2.949, #2)Journal of Alloy and Compound (IF =2.135, #5)
Dari segi populariti (bedasarkanpetikan), JALCOM merupakan jurnal pal-ing popular dalam kategori ‘Metallurgy &Metallurgical Engineering’. Walaupun iasangat popular, tetapi tidak mampumembantu JALCOM untuk menaikkannilai IF.
Bagi kes ini, IF tidak bergantung semata-masa kepada jumlah petikan. Jumlahartikel yang dikeluarkan dalam tempoh 2tahun amat mempergaruhi nilai IF.Jumlah artikel dapat menurunkan JAL-COM ke bawah daripada Acta Materialiadan Scripta Materialia, sedangkanpetikan jurnal-jurnal ini rendah separuhdaripada JALCOM. Kajian Kes 2Untuk kajian kes kategori ‘PolymerScience’ dan khususnya kepada JAPS.Data untuk tahun 2007 dan 2008 adalahseperti berikut:
bersambung ke m/s 6
DUA PELAJAR PPKBSMMENGHARUMKAN NAMA USM
DI LONDON
Pulau Pinang 20 Okt – Dua orangpelajar PPKBSM telah meng-harumkan nama USM dan negaraapabila memenangi dua pingat ematdalam Pameran British InventionShow di Alexandra Palace, Londonyang berlangsung pada 13 hingga16 Oktober 2010 lalu.
Nor Fasehah Zaaba, pelajarKejuruteraan Polimer (di bawahbimbingan Prof. Hanafi Ismail) telahmemenangi pingat emas, AnugerahKhas Berganda dan Hadiah KhasInovasi dari Rusia menerusi ciptaan-nya iaitu Biodegradable plastic filmmanakala Muhammad GhaddafyAffendy (di bawah bimbingan Prof.Madya Ahmad Azmin Mohamad),pelajar Kejuruteraan Bahan pulamemenangi pingat emas dan plat-inum untuk ciptaan beliau bertajukPolymer zinc-air batteries.
MAJLIS SAMBUTAN HARIRAYA 2010
7th October - Majlis SambutanHari Raya 2010 was one of the PGC’sprograms which will be held everyyear. This program was held as away to get close to each otherbetween PGC which is consisting ofvarious countries, races and reli-gions. The good understanding andbonding between postgraduates willensure a better quality of work andwill increase it to the outstandinglevel. In spite of that, it will be agood platform for foreign postgradu-ates to learn and know Malaysianculture especially the Malay specialcelebration day. This program washeld on at the foyer of PPKBSM. Theparticipants were PGC postgradu-ates which have been invited priorto the program day. About hundredof postgraduates were come to thisprogram with the multi races andcountries. At the end of the pro-gram, the participants seem to besatisfied. Hopefully this program willgenerate a good connection amongPGC postgraduates, hence, built abetter understanding and will pro-duce an outstanding cooperation.
PESTA TANGLUNG 2010
28hb Oktober - SempenaSambutan Pesta Tanglung 2010,Kelab Pelajar Ijazah Tinggi PPKBSMtelah menganjurkan satu majlis per-ayaan Pesta Tanglung di bilik semi-nar PPKBSM. Objektif-objektif yang
disasarkan adalah untuk mengisiagenda Kelab Pelajar Ijazah Tinggipada tahun 2010, menyambut PestaTanglung 2010 dan mengeratkanhubungan antara pelajar-pelajarijazah tinggi PPKBSM dan mem-perkenalkan budaya dan tradisimasyarakat Cina kepada pelajar-pelajar yang berasal dari luarnegara. Majlis sambutan PestaTanglung 2010 telah bermula padapukul lapan malam dengan pen-gacara bertugas pada malam terse-but ialah Lee Jo May dan Patrick LimWye Kheong. Seramai 64 orangpelajar ijazah tinggi telah meng-hadiri majlis ini dan majlis juga telahdiserikan lagi oleh kehadiran limaorang pensyarah pusat pengajianiaitu Profesor Hanafi Ismail, Prof.Madya Dr. Azizan Aziz, Prof. MadyaDr. Chow Wen Shyang, Dr. Yeoh FeiYee, dan Dr. Pung Swee Yong.
MISIF MOU with USM
Malaysian Iron and SteelIndustry Federation (MISIF) signed
a MOU with USM on 10-8-2010 atUSAINS. MISIF was represented byMr. Chow Chong Long, President ofMISIF and Chief Operating Officer ofSouthern Steel Sdn Berhad. USMwas represented by Prof. Lim KoonOng, Deputy Vice Chancellor,Division of Industry & CommunityNetwork and Prof Ahmad Fauzi MohdNoor, Dean School of Materials &Mineral Resources Engineering. Mostof the Metallurgy Research InterestGroup (MRIG) members were alsopresent. The signing of the MOU willallow close collaboration betweenMISIF and USM. The MOU is forduration of 5 years (2010 to 2015).Among the benefits the MOU willgive to USM is:
1. Collaboration in conductingtraining/short courses for MISIFmembers
2. R&D collaboration withMISIF partners
3. Support in the creation ofMalaysian Steel Institute.
Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2009 4
Nor Fasehah (3 dari kanan) dan Muhammad Ghaddafy Affendy (paling kanan)
MISIF MOU with USM
Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2010 5
List of SMMRE Postgraduate Students Viva July-December 2010
No. Student Nama / Date Degree Title of Thesis Name of Supervisor
1 Le Minh Hai
6 July 2010
M.Sc Preparation of in-Situ Carbides Reinforced Hybrid Copper-Based
Composite by Mechanical Alloying and its Characterization
Dr. Zuhailawati Hussain
Profesor Radzali Othman
2 Sunisa Khamsuk
13 July 2010
M.Sc Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Aluminium Alloy Encik Ahmad Badri Ismail
Dr. Zuhailawati Hussain
3 Warapong Krengvirat
14 July 2010
M.Sc Synthesis and Characterization of Bismuth Titanate and
Praseodymium Substituted Bismuth Titanate Produced by Low-
Temperature Self-Combustion Synthesis
Dr. Srimala a/p Sreekantan
Profesor Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor
4 Nguyen Xuan Thanh Tram
26 July 2010
M.Sc Synthesis of Carbonate-Subtituted Hydroxyapatite by a
Mechanical Activation Method
Profesor Radzali Othman
Profesor Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor
Houng A Loune Seng Pa Sith
29 July 2010
M.Sc Evaluation and Processing Optimization of Limestone from
Selected Resources for Industrial Applications
Profesor Radzali Othman
Profesor Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor
6 Suzi Salwah binti Jikan
19 August 2010
Ph.D Evaluation on Flow Behaviour of Polypropylene/Kaolin
Composites at High Shear Stress
Prof. Madya Azlan Ariffin
Dr. Zulkifli Mohamad Ariff
7 Noor Rehan Zainal Abidin
1 September 2010
M.Sc Anodization of Zirconium for the Formation of High-K Dielectric
Zirconia Thin Film
Prof. Madya Ir. Cheong Kuan Yew
Profesor Zainuriah Hassan
Prof. Madya Zainovia Lockman
8 Mohd Azam bin Mohd Adnan
24 September 2010
M.Sc Effect of Annealing Temperature and Catalyst on the Formation
of One-Dimensional Silicon Nanostructures Via Thermal
Evaporation Technique
Prof. Madya Sabar Derita Hutagalung
Prof. Madya Ir. Cheong Kuan Yew
9 Lim Shu Lee
28 September 2010
M.Sc Formation of Ceria Buffer Layer for YBa2Cu307-x
Superconductors
Prof. Madya Zainovia Lockman
Profesor Zainal Arifin Ahmad
10 Sengphet Keokangdong
30 September 2010
M.Sc Development of Porous Sintered Alumina by a Sponge
Scaffolding Method and Forming Agent Using Natural
Bioresources
Profesor Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor
Profesor Radzali Othman
Dr. Yeoh Fei Yee
11 Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor
6 October 2010
Ph.D Penyediaan dan Pencirian Porselin Berliang Yang Disediakan
Melalui Kaedah Replika Span Polimer dan Mengaplikasikannya
Sebagai Bahan Teras Komposit Sandwic
Profesor Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Prof. Madya Hazizan Md Akil
12 Malek Ali Abdo Alsalem
8 October 2010
Ph.D Carbothermal Synthesis of Nanostructured Titanium Carbide by
Mechanical Activation
Dr. Projjal Basu
Dr. Zuhailawati Hussain
13 Rohani binti Abdul Majid
11 October 2010
M.Sc Preparation and Properties of Low Density Polyethylene
1. 22/7/2010 Kenzo Sahematsu Geological Survey of Japan, AIST Research Collaboration2. 22/7/2010 Ryohei Takahashi Kyushu University, Japan Research Collaboration
3. 9/8/2010 David Laurence UNSW Sydney, Australia Research Collaboration
4. 21/9/2010 Adilor Zhexenbek KAZNTY Research Collaboration
5. 21/9/2010 Omaron Edig KAZNTY Research Collaboration
6. 29/9/2010 Paul Harrison University of Leeds Research Collaboration7. 29/9/2010 Katy Sargeant University of Leeds Research Collaboration8. 29/9/2010 Judith laurie University of Leeds Research Collaboration
9 4/10/2010 Naoki Umemiya Japan International Cooporation Agency (JICA) Research Collaboration
10 4/10/2010 Yusuke Hasegawa International Development Center of Japan Research Collaboration
11 4/10/2010 Siriporn Rungrueangtanya JICA project for AUN/SEED.NET Research Collaboration
12 4/10/2010 Ms. Kanchana Patanasakdikul JICA project for AUN/SEED.NET Research Collaboration
13 27/10/2010 Koichiro Watanabe Kyushu University, Japan Research Collaboration
14 2/12/2010 Richard A. Williams University of Leeds Research Collaboration
15 6/12/2010 Sabah Abdulnoor University of Technology, Iraq Sabatical
PELANTIKAN BARU / LANJUTAN (KONTRAK/KUNJUNGAN/FELO PASCA) - TAHUN 2010
BIL NAMA JAWATAN TARIKH LANTIKAN
1 ANASYIDA BINTI ABU SEMAN @AHMAD PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI DS51 19/07/2010
2 SHEIKH ABDUL REZAN BIN SHEIKH ABDUL HAMID PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI DS51 03/09/2010
3 NORSHAHRIZOL BIN NORDIN JURUTEKNIK J17 21/09/2010
4 MOHAMAD SYAFIQ BIN MUSTAPA SUKRI JURUTEKNIK J17 01/11/2010
5 ZURATUL AIN BINTI ABDUL HAMID PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI DS45(SEMENTARA) 16/11/2010
TAMAT PERKHIDMATAN
BIL NAMA JAWATAN TARIKH BERSARA
1 QUAH KUNG HAI PEMBANTU TADBIR (P/O) N22 (BERSARA WAJIP) 01/11/2010
i. Jumlah petikanMacromolecules (12,028 petikan, #1)Polymer (5,352 petikan, #2)Journal of Applied Polymer Sciences(4,958 petikan, #3)
ii. Jumlah artikelJournal of Applied Polymer Sciences(4,121 artikel, #1)Macromolecules (2,650 artikel, #2)Polymer (1,498 artikel, #3)
iii. Faktor impakMacromolecules (IF = 4.539, #1)Polymer (IF = 3.573, #10)Journal of Applied Polymer Sciences (IF= 1.203, #38)
Bagi kes JAPS, sekali lagi faktor bilanganartikel memyebabkan IF jatuhmerudum. JAPS mengeluarkan artikelamat banyak iaitu sebanyak 4,121artikel. Bagi JAPS, secara purata artikeldi dalam jurnalnya hanya dirujuksebanyak 1.2 sahaja. Apabila kurangrujukan dan bilangan artikelnya sangatbanyak, IF akan menurun. Berbeza den-gan Macromolecules walaupun merekajuga menerbitkan banyak artikel, tetapisemuanya dipetik banyak kali.
Bagi jurnal yang berimpak tinggi bolehdikatakan semua kertas-jurnalnyadipetik. Malah ada yang dipetik lebihdaripada dua kali. Contohnya, dalamdua tahun (2007 dan 2008) setiapartikel yang diterbitkan dalam
Macromolecules dipetik hampir 4.5 kalioleh artikel-artikel lain.
Daripada kajian kes ini, dapat dilihatbahawa peranan petikan dan jumlahartikel amat penting. Pihak penerbittidak dapat mengawal jumlah petikan,tetapi mereka hanya boleh mengu-rangkan pembahagi dalam formula IFiaitu bilangan artikel. Apabila bilanganartikel dikurangkan, nilai IF akanbertambah. Untuk mengurangkan nilaiIF, editor akan menolak banyakmanuskrip. Bayangkan apabila editormemulakan ‘operasi kurangkan artikel’,manuskrip yang ditolak itu adalahmanuskrip kita!
bersambung dari m/s 3
Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2010 7
KEJURUTERAAN BAHAN
TAHUN 1
BONG PENG HOOI
CHANG CHI HSIUNG
FOO HUI SHIAN
LEE KAR CHUN
ONG BOON KIAN
ONG CHIN SIANG
TEW CHOON CONG
TOW MAN FERN
YONG JING HUI
TAHUN 2
CHANG HIN YEW
CHOW HON MUN
HO KAR YEE
LEE CHUN CHIEN
SEE CHUIN WERN
TAN PEI SHAN
TAHUN 3
GAN SHIAW MEI
GOH LEAN POH
GOH SUK MEI
GOOI WAN GYN
HAH JIA YEE
ISAAC KOH MING KUAN
KHOR CHOON PAU
LAI YEN XUE
LIM SHWU QIN
LIM YU MIN
LYE JIN HOON
ONG CHENG SHIAN
OOI CHIK LIANG
PHAN CHEE HONG
SOON VERN YEE
TAN FUI DO
TEO PAO TER
WONG POH WAI
WONG SOK HAN
TAHUN 4
ANG CHOON LI
E PEI SAN
FABIEN LEE ZHENG YEE
IBRAHYM BIN AHMAD
LEE CHIAR HOOI
LEE CHUN CHOONG
LEE SHIN PHAY
LIEW HENG FATT
LIEW MUI CHEE
NG HOOI CHIEN
NG YUEH FANG
SERENA SAW WEI PING
TAY SHU HONG
TEOH HUI CHIANG
KEJURUTERAAN SUMBER MINERAL
TAHUN 1
*TIADA PELAJAR*
TAHUN 2
*TIADA PELAJAR*
TAHUN 3
CHAN CHEE MENG
KHO CHUN MIN
KONG JEN WIN
ZAFIRAH ZAWANI BT ALI AZIZ
TAHUN 4
CHONG HUI YEE
DARREL LIM TIAN WEN
HAZWANI BT ANUAR
RAMADAN SHAKIR BIN ABDULLAH
KEJURUTERAAN POLIMER
TAHUN 1
LIM YEE HUI
TAN CHIN PING
THEN JIE WEN
TAHUN 2
ANDRE NINGKAN GADUAN
BANNARD A/L LAZIL
CHEW CHUN MUN
CHIA HOOI LENG
HO WAI MAY
KHOR TATT HWA
KWEE FUNG YUNN
LOW HONG FOOK
NOOR ADIANAERMA BINTI JAMIRIN
ONG HUN TIAR
TEO PEI SHAN
TAHUN 3
AU LI LIN
KUA HOONG SENG
YAP KAR FAY
TAHUN 4
ANG SHIN TING
CHUA KAI LIN
HUAM SOON KEE
KHOO HSU LI
LIM TSIU TJEN
SEE HONG YONG
SEOW PEI CHIN
TAN BOON KHOON
SENARAI SIJIL DEKAN SEMESTER II, SIDANG AKADEMIK 2010/2011SIJIL DEKAN
SCHOLARSHIP SPONSORED BY PERODUA
On October 20th 2010, Miss SitiNurhiatul Zukni, a first year engi-neering student from the School ofMaterials and Mineral ResourcesEngineering (SMMRE), was award-ed a scholarship sponsored byPERODUA. The scholarship wasmade exceptional as she was oneof only 9 students from all univer-sities throughout Malaysia to begiven the honor.
The scholarship recognition cere-mony was presided by YB.DatukDr.S. Subramaniam, HumanResources Minister of Malaysia atthe PERODUA Headquarters inRawang, Selangor. Our heartiestcongratulations to Miss SitiNurhiatul Zukni.
Miss Siti Nurhiatul Zukni
PERTANDINGANANUGERAH CABARAN
MULAKAN BISNESS ANDA(MBA) DENGAN ICT
KORIDOR UTARA (MBAKU)2010
Syabas kepada Saudara AbulKasim S.M.J Dulkaman, pelajarTahun Akhir, Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan Dan SumberMineral yang baru-baru ini telahberjaya meraih Naib JohanAnugerah Cabaran Mulakan BisnessAnda (MBA) dengan ICT KoridorUtara (MBAKU) 2010 KategoriMultimedia & Pemasaran InternetPada 20 November 2010.
Saudara Abul Kasim S.M.J
Dulkaman yang juga merupakanPengerusi Majlis Perwakilan PelajarKampus Kejuruteraan telahmenyahut cabaran Pertandinganyang dianjurkan ini dalam waktupeperiksaan akhir. Anugerah yangdipertandingkan menjadi rebutanhampir lebih daripada 50 usahawantempatan dan pelajar ipta yangmenyertai bengkel dan pertandin-gan ini. Hanya 2 anugerah yangdipertandingkan untuk setiap kate-gori. Pelajar yang berasal dari PulauPinang ini telah meraih naib johanhasil daripada kreativiti pemasaranyang ditunjukkan melalui ICTdalam mempromosikan gedungpakaian chef professional untukpasaran tempatan dan antara-bangsa.
Mengimbas kembali detik beliaumemulakan perniagaan kecil-kecilan sejak mula memasuki USMdaripada perniagaan kecil-kecilanmenjual roti sandwish di desasiswasehinggalah sekarang mendapattempahan barangan tekstil diNegara Brunei Darussalam. Beliaumemaklumkan tentang pengala-man sukar beliau di dalam pernia-gaan iaitu terpaksa membahagikanmasa belajar, masa untuk aktif diuniversiti dan masa untuk pernia-gaan.Sekalung Tahniah.
8Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2009
Designing the Next-Generation
of Scaffolds for Soft Tissue
Re-Growth
Abdul Hamid, Z.A.,a Blencowe, A.,bQiao, G.G.,b Stevens, G.,b Palmer,
J.,c Morrison, W.A.,c and Penington,T.,c
aSchool of Materials & MineralResources Engineering, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, EngineeringCampus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau
Pinang
bPolymer Science Group, TheDepartment of Chemical &
Biomolecular Engineering, theUniversity of Melbourne, Australia
cThe O’Brien Institute ofMicrosurgery, Melbourne Australia.
Introduction
Hydrogels have been extensivelyinvestigated for tissue engineeringapplications due to their uniqueproperties whereby they can forminsoluble 3D polymer networks thatswell in water and are able to retaina large amount of water within theirstructures, which is similar to theextracellular matrix (ECM) of manytissues.1 They have potential for bio-compatibility in physiological envi-ronments and may absorb thou-sands of times of their dry weight inwater.2 A major challenge has beenthe development of hydrogel scaf-folds that have high levels of poros-ity, whilst maintaining goodmechanical properties, as the poremorphology plays an important rolein promoting cell growth within thescaffold (Figure 1). The aim of thisstudy was to synthesise a biocom-patible and biodegradable hydrogelscaffold
with desirable properties for tissueengineering applications including;(i) good mechanical strength, (ii)non-toxic nature to biological envi-ronment and (iii) interconnected andappropriate pore sizes to promotecell proliferation.
Experimental Work
Highly porous and biodegradablehydrogels based on poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) and cystamine (Cys)were fabricated for the first-timeusing epoxy-amine chemistry andinvestigated as scaffolds for soft-tis-sue engineering. These hydrogelswere synthesised via cross-linking ofpoly(ethyleneglycol) diglycidyl ether(PEGDGE) monomer with a degrad-able cross-linker, cystamine(Scheme 1(a)). A secondary aminodifunctionalized PCL cross-linker wasincorporated into the network to actas ‘macromolecular springs’, thusimproving the mechanical strengthof the hydrogels (Scheme 1(b)).
To design the appropriate hydrogelswith desired pore morphology fusedsalt templates were employed(Scheme 1(c)). Not only do thefused salt templates provideimproved interconnectivity of theresulting pores in the hydrogels, butthey can be easily removed by dis-solution with water. Desired poresizes can be easily controlled byvarying the size of salt particles uti-lized in the templates.
Results and Discussion
Hydrogel properties such asmechanical strength (e.g.; compres-sive modulus (CM)), pore morpholo-gy and toxicity were investigated inorder to determine their suitabilityfor use as scaffold for tissue engi-neering applications. In vivo subcu-taneous implantations of thesehydrogels in rats were also conduct-ed to evaluate, if any, their foreign
body response (FBR).
The pore morphology of the hydro-gels was investigated using Cryo-SEM. It was found that there wereinterconnected macro and micropores within the hydrogels. The poresizes also correlated well with thesize of the salt templates employed(Figure 2).
The mechanical strength of thehydogels was investigated using anInstron Microtester 5848.Incorporation of the hydrophobiccross-linker lead to enhancedmechanical strength of the resultinghydrogels, with increases in CM of40-50 %.
Figure 3 below, shows that the CM ofthe hydrogels were comparable withthe modulus of various natural mus-cles. The CM of non-porous hydro-gels was in the range of vascularsmooth muscle cells (1-10MPa). TheCM for porous hydrogels was foundto be comparable with modulus ofcardiac cells (100-500kPa).3
In vivo subcutaneous implantationexperiments were conducted byimplantation of the hydrogels intorats. The implants were then left fora period of time (2, 8, 12 & 16weeks) before being removed. Theremoved implants were subsequent-ly histologically analysed (Scheme2).
From the 2 weeks results (Figure 4)it was evident that no major inflam-mation had occured. The formationof tissue and blood vessels withinthe interconnected pores of thehydrogels was observed. This indi-cates that the hydogels withimproved and interconnected poreshas promoted the regeneration ofnew tissues.
Article 1
Figure 1: Hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications e.g., growth of replace-
ment organs Scheme 1: Hydrogel scaffold preparation
replacement organs
Conclusion
In conclusion, we have successfullysynthesised a novel biocompatibleand biodegradable cross-linkedhydrogel scaffolds with improvedmechanical properties, intercon-nected pore morphology withdesired pore sizes and non-toxic tobiological environments with limitedforeign body response.
References
(1) LaPorte, R. J. HydrophilicPolymer Coatings for MedicalDevices; Technomic PublishingCompany, Lancaster, PA, 1997.
(2) Allan, S. H. Annals of theNew York Academy of Sciences2001, 944, 62-73.
(3) Elizabeth A. Moschou, NitinChopra, Santoshkumar L. Khatwani,Jason D. Ehrick, Sapna K. Deo,Leonidas G. Bachas, Sylvia Daunert,Materials Research SymposiumProceeding, Vol. 952, 2006
Study of adsorption parameteron malachite green dye
removal using rubber seed coatbased activated carbon
Mohd Nazri Idrisa, Zainal ArifinAhmada, Mohd Azmier Ahmadb,*
aSchool of Materials and MineralResources Engineering, EngineeringCampus, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang,Malaysia
bSchool of Chemical Engineering,Engineering Campus, UniversitiSains Malaysia,14300 Nibong
Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
In the present study, rubber seedcoat based activated carbon(RSCAC) was used as adsorbent formalachite green (MG) dye removalfrom aqueous solution. The effectsof dye initial concentration, contacttime, solution temperature and pHon MG adsorption onto RSCAC wereinvestigated. Results showed thatthe adsorption of MG wasfavourable at pH 6 whereas theadsorption uptake was found toincrease with increase in initial con-
centration, contact time and solu-tion temperature.
1. IntroductionAdsorption is a common techniqueused for dyestuff removal in wastewater treatment. With 1 ppm ofdyestuff amount in water [1], it’shighly visible and can be toxic toorganism’s community in water andwill directly contribute to water pol-lution. Several studies have beendeveloped to find suitable adsorbentto lower the dyestuff concentrationin water [2]. Among the othersmaterials, activated carbon hasbeen the most widely used asadsorbent. The sources of activatedcarbon were mostly come fromcharcoal, which normally expensive[3]. Recent years, numerous stud-ies on low-cost activated carbonfrom natural fiber or agricultureswaste have been documented suchas bamboo, coconut shell, pome-granate peel, rice husk, waste tirerubber, etc. The aims of this study were todevelop an activated carbon fromrubber seed coat (RSC) using phys-iochemical method with NaOH aschemical agents. An activated car-bon prepared under optimum condi-tions was investigated for its poten-
9Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2010
Figure 2: Cryo SEM images of macro and micro pore morpholo-gy of Cystamine/PEGDGE/PCL hydrogel prepared using a large
salt size template (300-600 μm)
Figure 3: Modulus of the hydrogels as compared to mod-ulus values of natural muscles and cells3
Scheme 2: In-vivo subcutaneous implantationprocedures ofthe hydrogels in rats
Figure 4: Cystamine/PEGDGE/PCL hydrogels stainedwith Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)
Article 2
tial to remove malachite green (MG)reactive dye from aqueous solution.The effects of different parameterssuch as contact time, initial dye con-centration, temperature and pHwere analyzed on the prepared acti-vated carbon.
2. Materials and methods
Activated carbon preparationThe rubber seed coat (RSC) wasobtained from a local rubber estate.RSC was firstly washed with waterand subsequently dried at 378 K for24 h to remove the moisture con-tent. The dried RSC was ground andsieved to the desired particle size of1-2 mm. The sieved sample wasloaded in a stainless steel verticaltubular reactor placed in a tube fur-nace. Carbonization of the dried RSCwas carried out at 973 K with heat-ing rate of 10 K/min under purifiednitrogen (99.99%) flown through atflowrate of 150 ml/min for 2 h. Thechar produced was mixed with sodi-um hydroxide (NaOH) pellets withNaOH:char impregnation ratio (IR)of 2.4. The mixture was then dehy-drated in an oven at 378 K for 24 hto remove moisture. Then the sam-ple was activated under the samecondition as carbonization to a finaltemperature of 1123 K. Once thefinal temperature was reached, thegas flow was switched over from N2to CO2 while activation was held for2.2 h. The activated product wasthen cooled to room temperatureunder nitrogen flow and thenwashed with hot deionized waterand 0.1 M HCl until the pH of thewashing solution reached 6.5-7.
2.2 Adsorbate
Malachite green, 4-[(4-dimethy-laminophenyl)-phenyl-methyl]-N,N-dimethyl-aniline supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (M) was used as an adsor-bate. Deionized water was used toprepare all solutions. MG has achemical formula of C23H26N2OHClwith molecular weight of 382.93g/mol.
2.3. Adsorption studies
For batch adsorption stud-ies, 0.2 g of RSCAC was mixed with100 ml aqueous dye solutions of 100mg/l initial concentration in 20 setsof 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Themixture was agitated at 120 rpm at303 K. The pH of the solution wasnatural without any pH adjustment.The concentration of MG dye solu-tion was determined using a doubleUV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-1800
Shimadzu, Japan) at it maximumwavelength of 615 nm. The percent-age removal at equilibrium was cal-culated by the following equation:Removal(%)=((C_o-C_e ))/C_o x1 0 0(1)Where Co and Ce are the liquid-phase dye concentrations at initialstate and at equilibrium (mg/l),respectively [4].
2.3.1. Effect of contact time andMG initial concentration
In order to study the effectof contact time and initial concentra-tion on the MG uptake, 100 ml of MGsolutions with initial concentration of25-250 mg/l were prepared in aseries of 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks.0.2 g of the RSCAC was added intoeach flask covered with glass stop-per and the flasks were then placedin an isothermal water bath shakerat constant temperature of 303 K,with rotation speed of 120 rpm, untilequilibrium point was reached. Inthis case, the solution pH was keptoriginal without any pH adjustment.
2.3.2. Effect of solution tempera-ture on MG adsorption
The effect of solution tem-perature on the MG adsorptionprocess was examined by varyingthe adsorption temperature from303, 323 and 343 K by adjusting thetemperature controller of the waterbath shaker, while other operatingparameters such as volume of MG,activated carbon dosage and rota-tion speed were kept constant. Inthis case also, the solution pH for25-250 mg/l of MG initial concentra-tion was kept constant without anyadjustment.
2.3.3. Effect of solution pH on MGadsorption
The effect of solution pH onthe MG adsorption process was stud-ied by varying the initial pH of thesolution from 2 to 12. The pH wasadjusted using 0.1 M HCl and/or 0.1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), andwas measured using pH meter(Model Delta 320, Mettler Toledo,China). The MG initial concentrationwas fixed at 200 mg/l with adsor-bent dosage of 0.2 g/100 ml. In thiscase, the solution temperature is at303 K. The MG percent removal wascalculated by using equation 1.
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Effect of contact time andMG initial concentration on adsorp-
tion equilibriumThe effect of contact time on theadsorption capacity of MG ions usingRSCAC at different initial concentra-tions is shown in Fig. 1. It can beseen that the adsorption capacity ofMG increased with contact time rap-idly and thereafter it proceeded at alower rate and finally attained equi-librium. This behavior suggests thatat the initial stage, adsorption takesplace rapidly on the external surfaceof the adsorbent followed by a slow-er internal diffusion process, whichmay be the rate-determining step[5]. In addition, the fast adsorptionat the initial stage also may be dueto the fact that a large number ofsurface sites are available foradsorption but after a lapse of time,the remaining surface sites are diffi-cult to be occupied. This is becauseof the repulsion between the solutemolecules of the solid and bulkphases, thus, make it take long timeto reach equilibrium. The adsorptionuptakes of MG at equilibriumincreased from 12.04 to 70.33 mg/gas the initial dye concentration wasincreased from 25 to 250 mg/L. Theinitial dye concentration provides animportant driving force to overcomethe mass transfer resistance of thedye between the aqueous and solidphases [6]. Therefore, at higher ini-tial dye concentration, the numberof ions competing for the availablesites on the surface of activated car-bon was high, hence, resulting inhigher MG adsorption capacity.
Also, the effect of initial concentra-tions of MG in the solution on thecapacity of adsorption onto RSCACwas studied and shown in Fig. 1. Itwas observed that an equilibriumtime of 3 h was needed for MG dyesolution with initial concentrations of25 mg/l and 50 mg/l to reach equi-librium. However, for initial concen-trations of 100-250 mg/l, longerequilibrium times of 22-24 h arerequired for the system to reachequilibrium. It is clear that theadsorption capacity of the dyes weredependent on the concentration ofthe dyes. Initially, adsorbate mole-cules have to first encounter theboundary layer effect. Then it has todiffuse from boundary layer filmonto adsorbent surface and finally, ithas to diffuse into the porous struc-ture of the adsorbent [7]. In fact,the ratio of the initial number of dyemolecules to the available surfacearea is low at lower initial concentra-tion compare to higher initial con-centration. Therefore, MG solutionswith higher initial concentrations would take relatively longer contact
10Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2010
time to attain equilibrium due to thehigher amount of MG molecules.Santhy and Selvapathy [8] found that the equilibrium time for theadsorption of Reactive Orange 12,Reactive Red 2 and Reactive Blue 4on coir pith-activated carbon was 4h for an initial concentration of 40mg/L. Leechart et al. [9] reportedthat for Red Reactive 141 with initialconcentration of 400 mg/L, theadsorption amount was gentlyincreased in the first 6 h and gradu-ally reached equilibrium within 24 h.This showed that the adsorption per-formance of the activated carbonprepared in this study is comparablewith the findings of previousresearchers where the adsorptioncapacity was increased with increas-ing the initial dye concentration end-ing to the saturation at higher dyeconcentrations.
3.2. Effect of solution tempera-ture on MG adsorption
Fig. 2 represents theadsorption capacity of MG ontoRSCAC at temperature of 303, 323and 343 K at various initial dye con-centrations (25-250 mg/L). Theresult shows that the equilibriumadsorption capacity of MG wasincreased while increasing the solu-tion temperature from 303 to 343 Kfor all initial dye concentrations. Thisincrease may indicates the increasedtendency of MG due to an increasein kinetic energy with increasingtemperature, and this situationleads to more adsorption on the sur-faces of RSCAC. In details, it wouldalso increase the mobility of the dyewith increasing temperature; hence,an increase in the number of mole-cules may also acquire sufficientenergy to undergo an interactionwith active sites at the surface [7].As the temperature increases, thepenetration of MG molecules inside the mesopores increased together
with the creation of new active sites and the decrease in the thickness of boundary layer surrounding theadsorbent make the mass transferresistance of adsorbate in theboundary layer decreases with tem-perature. Besides, it might also dueto the increase in chemical interac-tion between the adsorbate and surface functionalities of adsorbent.The results indicate that the adsorp-tion reaction of MG adsorbed byRSCAC is endothermic process.Similar trend was reported by Dizgeet al. [10] for the adsorption ofRemazol Brilliant Blue, Remazol Red133 and Rifacion Yellow red by flyash and the adsorption of C.I.Reactive Red 120 by activated oilpalm ash. However, other authorsnoted a diminution of the adsorptioncapacity with increasing tempera-ture, indicating the exothermicnature of the adsorption reaction[11].
3.3. Effect of solution pH on MGadsorption
The pH of the system exerts pro-found influence on the adsorptioncapacity of adsorbate molecule pre-sumably due to its influence on the
surface properties of the adsorbentand ionization or dissociation of theadsorbate molecule. Fig. 3 showsthe variations in the MG percentremoval at pH values of 2-12, tem-perature of 303 K and an initial dyeconcentration of 200 mg/l. From thefig. 3, it is evident that the percent-age removal of MG increased frompH 2 to 6 before it decreased gradu-ally until pH 12. The maximum per-centage removal of MG is observedat pH 6. Similar trend of pH effectwas observed for the adsorption ofMG onto ZnO fine powder [12], aswell as for the adsorption of DirectBlue 2B and Direct Green B on acti-vated carbon prepared from
Mahogany sawdust [13]. The highpercentage removal of the MG solu-tion at acidic pH may be attributedto the electrostatic interactionsbetween the positively chargedadsorbent and the negativelycharged MG dye anions. The posi-tively charged adsorbent is createddue to the hydrophobic nature of thedeveloped activated carbon whichled to adsorb hydrogen ions (H+)onto the surface of the carbon whenimmersed in water. The surfacecharge of adsorbent has become
Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2010 11
Fig. 1. Effect of contact time on MG adsorption at various ini-tial concentrations.
Fig. 2. Effect of solution temperature on MG uptake atdifferent initial concentrations.
Fig. 3. Effect of solution pH on MG removal.
generally positively charged at lowerpH and negatively charged at higherpH. In addition, the positive chargein acidic medium and the negativecharge in basic medium develop onthe surface of adsorbent. Therefore,while the removal of anionic dye byadsorption increases at lower pH, itdecreases at higher pH. The adsor-bent surface would attract the nega-tively charged functional groupslocated on the reactive dyes andhence increases the adsorptioncapacity.
4. Conclusions
RSCAC was found to be suit-able for the removal of MG fromaqueous solution. Adsorption of MGwas found to increase with increasein contact time, MG initial concen-tration and solution temperature.The adsorption of MG on RSCAC wasfavored at low pH which is acidicmedium.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefullyacknowledge the financial supportreceived in the form of researchgrants from Universiti SainsMalaysia for this project.
References
[1] El Qada E. N., Allen S. J. andWalker G. M. (2008). Adsorption ofbasic dyes from aqueous solutiononto activated carbons. ChemicalEngineering Journal, 135, 174-184
[2] Uzun I. and Guzel F. (2005).Rate studies on the adsorption ofsome dyestuff and p-nitrophenol bychitosan and monocarboxymethylat-ed(mcm)-chitosan from aqueoussolution. Journal of Hazardousmaterials, 118, 141-154.
[3] Kargi F. and Ozmlhcl S.(2005). Comparison of adsorptionperformances of powdered activatedcarbon for removal of turquoise bleudyestuff. Process Biochemistry, 40,2539-2544
[4] Langmuir I. The adsorptionof gases on plane surfaces of glass,mica and platinum. J Am Chem Soc1918;40:1361-403.
[5] Gialamouidis D,Mitrakas M, Liakopoulou-KyriakidesM. Equilibrium, thermodynamic andkinetic studies sp., Staphylococcusxylosus and Blakeslea trispora cells.J Hazard Mater 2010;182:672-80.
[6] Mohd Din AT, Hameed BH,Ahmad AL. Batch adsorption of phe-nol onto physiochemical-activatedcoconut shell. J Hazard Mater2009;161:1522-9.
[7] Hameed BH, Ahmad AA.Batch adsorption of methylene bluefrom aqueous solution by garlicpeel, an agricultural waste biomass.J Hazard Mater 2009;164:870-5.
[8] Santhy K, Selvapathy P.Removal of reactive dyes fromwastewater by adsorption on coirpith activated carbon. BioresourceTechnol 2006;97:1329-36.
[9] Leechart P,Nakbanpote W, Thiravetyan P.Application of ‘waste’ wood-shavingbottom ash for adsorption of azoreactive dye. J Environ Manage2009;90:912-20.
[10] Dizge N, Aydiner C,Demirbas E, Kobya M, Kara S.Adsorption of reactive dyes fromaqueous solutions by fly ash: Kineticand equilibrium studies. J HazardMater 2008;150:737-46.
[11] Sari A, Tuzen M. Removal ofmercury (II) from aqueous solutionusing moss (Drepanocladus revol-vens) biomass: equilibrium, thermo-dynamic and kinetic studies. JHazard Mater 2009;171:500-7.
[12] Ho YS. Second-order kineticmodel for the sorption of cadmiumonto tree fern: a comparison of lin-ear and non-linear methods. Water
Res 2006;40:119-25.[13] Malik PK. Dye removal fromwastewater using activated carbondeveloped from sawdust: adsorptionequilibrium and kinetics. J HazardMater 2004;B113:81-8.
Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2010 12
13Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2010
No. Title Impact
Factor
1 Azhar Abdul Halim , Hamidi Abdul Aziz , Megat Azmi Megat Johari , Kamar Shah Ariffin, Mohd. Nordin Adlan . Ammonical nitrogen and COD
removal from semi aerobic landfill leachte using a composite adsoerbent : Fixed bed coloumn adsorption performance. Journal of Hazardous
Materials, Volume 175, Issues 1-3, 15 March 2010, Pages 960-964
4.1440
2 A. Jamaludin, Z. Ahmad, Z.A. Ahmad and A.A. Mohamad, A direct borohydride fuel cell employing a sago gel polymer electrolyte. International
Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35(2010) 1129-11236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.037
3.9450
3 J.H. Moon, J. H. Yim, H. S. Seo, D. H. Lee, C. H. Kim, H. J. Kim, K. Y. Cheong, W. Bahng, and N.-K. Kim, "Effects of rapid thermal annealing on
Al2O3/SiN reaction barrier layer/thermal-nitrided SiO2 stacking gate dielectrics on n-type 4H-SiC", Applied Physics Letters (American Institute of
Physics), vol. 96, pp. 122108 – 122108-3 (3 pages), 2010.
3.5540
4 Sreekantan , S ; Khairul Arifah Sharudin , Lockman , Z ; Teoh Wah tzuTitle ,Fast rate formation od ti02 nantotube arrays in an organic bath and
their application inphotocatalysis , Nano technology , Volume : 21 issue :36 Pages 365603 published 2010
3.3170
5 Lockman, Z., Ismail, S., Sreekantan, S., Schmidt-Mende, L., MacManus-Driscoll, J.L..The rapid growth of 3 μm long titania nanotubes by
anodization of titanium in a neutral electrochemical bath (2010) Nanotechnology, 21 (5), art. no. 055601,
3.3170
6 Swee-Yong , Kwang-Leong Choy, Xiang Hou and Keith Dinsdale , (2010) IN situ doping at ZnO nanowires using aerosol-assisted vapour depo-
sition , Nanotechnology 21 345602 (6pp)
3.1370
7 M.T. Soo, K.Y. Cheong, and A. F. Mohd Noor, “Advances of MOS Capacitor SiC-based Hydrogen Sensors for Harsh Environment Applications,”
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical (Elsevier), Vol. 151, pp. 39 – 55, 2010
3.0830
8 T. P. Chua, M. Mariatti, Azizan Aziz, Azura A. Rashid (2010). The effect of surface functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the properties
of poly(dimethyl siloxane) nanocomposites, Composite Science and Technology, 70 (4), pp. 671-677 .
2.9010
9 Mariagrazia Di Marco, Shaharum Shamsuddin, Khairunisak Abdul Razak, Azlan Abdul Aziz, Corinne Devaux, Elsa Borghi, Laurent Levy and
Claudia Sadun, Overview of the main methods used to combine proteins with nanosystems: absorption, bioconjugation and encapsulation,
(2010) International Journal of Nanomedicine, 5 37–49
2.6120
10 H. J. Quah, K. Y. Cheong, Z. Hassan, Z. Lockman, F. A. Jasni, W. F. Lim, “Effects of Post-Deposition-Annealing at Ar Ambient on Metal-Organic
Decomposed CeO2 Gate Spin Coated on Silicon,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society (Electrochemical Society), Vol. 157, No. 1, pp. H6-
H12, 2010.
2.2410
11 Ramani Mayappan, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Effect of Bi addition on the activation energy for the growth of Cu5Zn8 intermetallic in the Sn–Zn lead-
free solder,Intermetallics, Volume 18, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 730-735
2.2310
12 S.S. Alias, A.B. Ismail, A.A. Mohamad, Effect of pH on ZnO nanoparticle properties synthesized by sol-gel centrifugation, Journal of Alloys and
Compounds 499 (2010) 231-237.
2.1350
13 Zainovia Lockman, Yeo Pet Fong, Tan Wai Kian, Kamarulazizi Ibrahim and Khairunisak Abdul Razak, Formation of Self-Aligned ZnO Nanorods
in Aqueous Solution, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010:493, p699-706
2.1350
14 "Mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured titanium carbide from industrial ferrotitanium" by M. Ali and P. Basu, Journal of Alloys and
Compounds, 491, 1-2, 2010, p.581-583
2.1350
15 "Mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured TiC using TiO2 powders" by M. Ali and P. Basu, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 500, 2010,
p.220-223
2.1350
16 Sreekantan, S., Wei, L.C. ,Study on the formation and photocatalytic activity of titanate nanotubes synthesized via hydrothermal method
(2010) Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 490 (1-2), pp. 436-442
2.1350
17 Johar Banjuraizah, Hasmaliza Mohamad, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Thermal expansion coefficient and dielectric properties of non-stoichiometric
cordierite compositions with excess MgO mole ratio synthesized from mainly kaolin and talc by the glass crystallization method, Journal of Alloys
and Compounds, Volume 494, Issues 1-2, 2 April 2010, Pages 256-260
2.1350
18 Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad Azhar, Hasmaliza Mohamad, Mani Maran Ratnam, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, The effects of MgO addition on microstructure,
mechanical properties and wear performance of zirconia-toughened alumina cutting inserts, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Volume 497,
Issues 1-2, 14 May 2010, Pages 316-320
2.1350
19 Hazman Seli, Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail, Endri Rachman, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Characterization and thermal modeling of friction welded alumina-
mild steel with the use of Al 1100 interlayer, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 506 (2010) 703–709(ISI)
2.1350
20 Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman, Sabar D. Hutagalung, Mohd Fadzil Ain, Zainal A. Ahmad, Dielectric properties of Nb-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 electro-
ceramics measured at high frequencies, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Volume 493, Issues 1-2, 18 March 2010, Pages 486-492
2.1350
21 Lockman, Z., Sreekantan, S., Ismail, S., Schmidt-Mende, L., MacManus-Driscoll, J.L., Influence of anodisation voltage on the dimension of tita-
nia nanotubes (2010) Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 503 (2), pp. 359-364
2.1350
22 W. F. Lim, K. Y. Cheong, and Z. Lockman, “Physical Characterization of Post-deposition Annealed Metal-Organic Decomposed (MOD) CeO2
Spin-Coated on 4H-SiC,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds (Elsevier), vol. 497, pp. 195-200, 2010.
2.1350
23 Hussain Zuhailawati, Mohd Salihin Hassin and Mahani Yusoff, Microstructure and properties of copper composite containing in-situ NbC rein-
forcement: Effects of milling speed Journal of Alloys and Compounds. Vol. 489, Issue 2, (2010), pp. 369-374
2.1350
24 B. D. Long, R. Othman, M. Umemoto, H. Zuhailawati, Spark plasma sintering of mechanically alloyed in situ copper-niobium carbide composite
(2010) Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 505, (2) 510-515
2.1350
25 Mhd Noor Ervina Efzan, Mohd Sharif Nurulakmal, Kuan Yew Cheong, Tadashi Ariga, Ahmad Badri Ismail and Zuhailawati Hussain, Wettability
and strength of In-Bi-Sn lead-free solder alloy on copper substrate, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 507, Issue 1, (2010) pp. 290-296
2.1350
26 Zaman, S.A.K., Palaniandy, S., Hussain, Z., Mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured SiO2-SiC composite through high-energy milling
(2010) Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 502 (1), pp. 250-256.
2.1350
27 Azhar Abdul Halim , Hamidi Abdul Aziz , Megat Azmi Megat Johari , Kamar Shah Ariffin, Comparison study of ammonia and COD adsorption on
zeolite , activated carbon and composiite materials in landfill lecthe treatment. Desalination, Volume 262, Issues 1-3, 15 November 2010, Pages
31-35
2.0340
28 Johar Banjuraizah, Hasmaliza Mohamad, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Densification and Crystallization of Non-Stoichiometric Cordierite Glass with
Excess MgO Synthesized From Kaolin and Talc" Journal of the American Ceramic Society (JACERS-27431.R3), J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1–8
(2010),
1.9440
29 M. Jawaid, H.P.S. Abdul Khalil, A. Abu Bakar and P. Noorunnisa Khanam, 2010, Mechanical Performance of Oil Palm Empty Fruit bunches/jute
reinforced epoxy hybrid composites, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Volume 527, Issues 29-30, 15 November 2010, Pages 7944-7949
1.9010
30 Akil, H.Md., De Rosa, I.M., Santulli, C., Sarasini, F. 2010 Flexural behaviour of pultruded jute/glass and kenaf/glass hybrid composites monitored
using acoustic emission Materials Science and Engineering A 527 (12), pp. 2942-2950
1.9010
31 Vilay Vannaladsaysy, , M. Mariatti, Mitsugu Todo, Zulkifli Ahmad, Korakanh Pasomsouk, Improvement of microstructures and properties of
biodegradable PLLA and PCL blends compatibilized with a triblock copolymer, Materials Engineering Part A. 527 (2010) 6930–6937.
1.9010
32 M.F. Omar, H.M. Akil, Z.A. Ahmad, Static And Dynamic Compressive Properties Of Mica/Polypropylene Composites, Materials Science and
Engineering: A, Volume 528, Issue 3, 25 January 2011, Pages 1567-1576
1.9010
Publication In International Refereed Journal (Citation Indexed 2010)
Buletin Enjinier, Dis 2010 14
Bil. Title Impact
Factor
33 H. J. Quah, K. Y. Cheong, Z. Hassan, Z. Lockman, F. A. Jasni, W. F. Lim, “MOS Characteristics of Metal-Organic Decomposed CeO2 Spin-Coated
on GaN,” Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters (The Electrochemical Society, USA), vol. 13, pp. H116-H118, 2010.
40 Yen, K.S., Ratnam, M.M., Akil, H.M. (2010) Measurement of flexural modulus of polymeric foam with improved accuracy using moiré method,
Polymer Testing, 29 (3), pp. 358-368.
1.6670
41 W. F. Lim, K. Y. Cheong, and Z. Lockman, “Physical and electrical characteristics of metal-organic decomposed CeO2 Gate spin-coated on 4H-sili-
con carbide,”Applied Physics A
1.5950
42 M. H. Sayyad, M. Saleem, Kh. S. Karimov, M. Yaseen, M. Ali, K. Y. Cheong, A. F. Mohd Noor, "Synthesis of Zn(II) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4′-isopropy-
lphenyl) porphyrin and its use as a thin film sensor,” Applied Physics A-Materials Science & Processing (Springer), Vol. 98 pp.103-109, 2010
1.5950
43 S.G. Tan and W.S. Chow (2010). Thermal Properties of Anhydride-Cured Bio-Based Epoxy Blends, Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Volume
101, Number 3 / September, 20101051-1058
1.5870
44 S. S. Jikan • Z. M. Ariff • A. Ariffin, “Influence of filler content and processing parameter on the crystallization behaviour of PP/kaolin composites”,
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,(2010) 102 1011-1017
1.5870
45 Saidatulakmar Shamsuddin, Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin, Zuhailawati Hussain, and Zainal Arifin Ahmad, The effects of Al2O3 amount on the
microstructure and properties of Fe-Cr matrix composites, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A VOLUME 41A, DECEMBER 2010, 3452 –
3457,
1.5640
46 Pung, S.Y., Choy, K.L., Evgeny, A.Vinogradov., Nadezhda, N.Novikova. and Vladimir, A.Yakovlev., 2010. Structural and Infrared analysis of ZnO
film and nanowires. J. Cryst. Growth 312:2220-2255
1.5340
47 Pung, S.Y., Choy, K.L. and Hou, X. 2010. Tip-growth mode and base-growth mode of Au-catalyzed ZnO nanowires by Chemical Vapour
Deposition technique J. Cryst. Growth 312:2049-2055
1.5340
48 Vilay Vannaladsaysy, M. Mariatti, Zulkifli Ahmad, Mitsugu Todo, Korakanh Pasomsouk, Effect of PEO-PPO-PEO Copolymer on the Mechanical
and Thermal Properties and Morphological Behavior of Biodegradable Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and Poly (Butylene Succinate-co-L-Lactate)
(PBSL) Blends, Polym. Adv. Technol. (2010)
1.5320
49 Zuhailawati Hussain, Ahmad Badri, Tadashi Ariga, The effects of welding parameters on the weldability of different materials using brazing alloy
72 R. Mat Taib, S. Ramarad, Z. A. Mohd Ishak and M. Todo. 2010. Properties of kenaf fiber/polylactic acid biocomposites plasticized with polyethyl-
ene glycol. Polymer Composites, 31:1213-1222.
1.1940
73 C.Y. Khor, Z.M. Ariff, F. Che Ani, M. Abdul Mujeebu, M.K. Abdullah, M.Z. Abdullah and M.A. Joseph, "Three-dimensional numerical and experi-
mental investigations on polymer rheology in meso-scale injection molding", International Communication in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol 37, 131-
139, (2010)
1.1890
74 Y. L. Chiew and K. Y. Cheong, “Formation and characterization of SiOx nanowires and Si/SiOx core-shell nanowires via carbon-assisted growth,”
Physica E (Elsevier), Vol. 42, pp. 1338 – 1342, 2010.
1.1770
75 M. Khalil Abdullah, M. Z. Abdullah, M. Abdul Mujeebu, Z. M. Ariff, and K. A. Ahmad “Three-Dimensional Modelling to Study the Effect of Die-
Stacking Shape on Mould Filling During Encapsulation of Microelectronic Chips” , IEEE Transactions On Advanced Packaging, Vol. 33 (2), (2010)
1.1220
76 Hanafi Ismail, Razif Nordin, Zulkifli Ahmad & Azura Rashid (2010). Processability and miscibility of linear low-density polyethylene/ poly(vinyl alco-
hol) blends: In situ compatibilization with maleic acid. Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, vol 19, pp 297-309, 2010
1.0720
77 Y. H. Wong and K. Y. Cheong, “ZrO2 Thin Films on Si Substrate,J Mater Sci: Mater Electron (2010) 21:980–993 1.0200
78 Quah, H.J., Cheong, K.Y., Hassan, Z., Lockman, Z. Investigation of forming-gas annealed CeO2 thin film on GaN (2010) Journal of Materials
Science: Materials in Electronics, pp. 1-9.
1.0200
79 Chan K.L., Mariatti M., Lockman Z., Sim L.C., Effect of Ultrasonication Medium on the Properties of Copper Nanoparticle-filled Epoxy Composite
for Electrical Conductive Adhesive (ECA) Application, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Volume 21, Issue 8 (2010), Page 772
-778
1.0200
80 Suriati Ghazali, M.Mariatti & Azizan Aziz, Effects of filler shape and size on the properties of silver filled epoxy composite for electronic applica-
tions, J Mater Sci: Mater Electron (2011) 22:56–63
1.0200
81 K.L. Chan, Mariatti. M, Z. Lockman, Effect of Ultrasonicationof the Properties of Co Nanoparticles-Filled Epoxy Composite2010, 21, 772-778,
Journal of materials Science: Material Electronics
1.0200
82 Nur Azam Badarulzaman, Ahmad Azmin Mohamad, Sunara Puwadaria, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, The evaluation of nickel deposit obtained via Watts
electrolyte at ambient temperature, J. Coat. Technol. Res., 7 (6) 815–820, 2010
0.8380
83 L.N. Chang and W.S. Chow (2010). Accelerated Weathering on Glass Fiber/Epoxy/Organo-Montmorillonite Nanocomposites, Journal of
Composite Materials, 44, 12, 1421-1434.
0.8060
84 Hakimah Osman, Hanafi Ismail & Mariatti Mustapha (2010).Effects of maleic anhydride polypropylene on tensile, water absorption, and morpho-
109 H. Ismail, A.M. Norjulia & Z. Ahmad (2010).The effects of untreated and treated kenaf loading on the properties of kenaf fibre-filled natural rubber
compounds. Taylor & Francis. Vol 49, pp 519-524, 2010
0.4200
110 A.G. Supri, H. Ismail & S. Shuhadah (2010). Effect of polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MAH) on properties of low density polyethyl-
114 H.Ismail,A.H. Abdullah, A.A.Bakar. (2010) The effects of a silane-based coupling agent on the properties of kenaf core-reinforced high-density poly-
118 Julkapli, N.M., Akil, H.M. 2010 Influence of a plasticizer on the mechanical properties of kenaf-filled chitosan bio-composites, Polymer - Plastics
Technology and Engineering 49 (9), pp. 944-951
0.4200
119 Julkapli, N.M., Akil, H.M. 2010 Thermal properties of kenaf-filled chitosan biocomposites, Polymer - Plastics Technology and Engineering 49 (2),
pp. 147-153
0.4200
120 Chou P.M. & Mariatti M. Properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement filled with titania and hydroxyapatite fillers, Polymer -
Plastics Technology and Engineering, Volume 49 Issue 12, 1163 (2010)
0.4200
121 Hanafi Ismail, Faizal Ramly, Nadras Othman (2010) Multiwall carbon nanotube-filled natural rubber: The effect of filler loading and mixing method,
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 49 (3) 260-266
0.4200
122 Noor Zalikha, Zulkifli Ahmad and Nadras Othman, Effect of Pro-degradant Additives Concentration on Aging Properties of Polypropylene Films,
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, (2010), 49(3), 272-278.
0.4200
123 Ramezani, M., Ripin, Z.M., Ahmad, R., Akil, H.M., Damghani-Nouri, M. 2010 High strain-rate bulge forming of sheet metals using a solid bulging
medium, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 224 (2), pp. 257-270
0.4120
124 Bun Kim Ngun, Hasmaliza Mohamad, Etsuo Sakai and Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Effect of rice husk ash and silica fume in ternary system on the prop-
erties of blended cement paste and concrete, Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 311~315 (2010) (ISI)
0.4020
125 Mohd Warikh Abd. Rashid, Sabar D. Hutagalung and Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Properties of a CaCu3-xMn4+xO12 system synthesized via a solid-state
reaction, Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 11(6)660-664, 2010
0.4020
126 W.F. Lim, K.Y. Cheong, Z. Lockman, F.A. Jasni, and H.J. Quah, “Effects of Post-Deposition Annealing on CeO2 Gate Prepared by Metal-Organic
Decomposition (MOD) Method on 4H-SiC,” Materials Science Forum (Trans Tech Publications), Vols. 645-648, pp. 837-840, 2010.
0.3990
127 J.H. Moon, J.H. Yim, H.S. Seo, C.H. Kim, D.H. Lee, K.Y. Cheong, W. Bahng, N.-K. Kim, and H.J. Kim, “Improved 4H-SiC MOS interface produced
by oxidized-SiN gate oxide,” Materials Science Forum (Trans Tech Publications), Vols. 645-648, pp. 511-514, 2010.
0.3990
128 Farhad B Bahaaideen, Zaidi Mohd Ripin, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Electroless Ni-P-Cg (graphite)-SiC composite coating and its application onto Piston
Rings of a small two stroke utility engine, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, Vol. 69, November 2010, pp. 830-834.
0.3590
129 Akil, H.Md., Cheng, L.W., Affzan, M.H., Bakar, A.A., Ishak, Z.A.M. Water absorption study on pultruded e-glass fibre reinforced unsaturated poly-
ester composites (2010) Advanced Composites Letters, 19 (3), pp. 67-73.
0.3110
130 Kien-Seng Lew, Radzali Othman, Fei-Yee Yeoh(2010) Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite, Advances in Science and