13 Chapter III Kukadi Canal Irrigation Project - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/13221/13/13_ chapter iii... · a dam on kaveri river known as great ‘Anie-kattu-grand

CHAPTER III

KUKADI CANAL IRRIGATION PROJECT


CONTENTS

3.1 Background of canal irrigation

3.1.1 Background of canal irrigation in India

3.1.2 Background of canal irrigation in Maharashtra

3.1.3 Background of canal irrigation in study area

3.2 Kukadi canal irrigation project

3.2.1 General information

3.2.2 Necessity of Kukadi project

3.2.3 History of Kukadi project

3.2.4 Salient features of kukadi project

3.2.5 Canals of Kukadi project

3.2.5.1 Kukadi Left Bank Canal

3.2.6 Social and Economic status of projected area

3.2.7 Irrigation capacity of Kukadi project

3.2.7.1 Tahsil- wise irrigable area of project

3.3 Functioning of kukadi canal irrigation department

3.4 Conclusion


3.1 Background of canal irrigation

The history of water supply is as old as human being. Though there is

total available water on the earth is 1.39 ͯ 10km. but the useful water is not 1%

too. To get water, by digging well is common and traditional method. But the

supply of water management has done from late six- seven thousand years

ago.

In Egypt, there is a proof that before six thousand years the dam

created on Nile River and made the supply of water. There is the belief that on

Nile River at ‘Koshesh’ dam is built in 2900 B.C. and its height is 15 meters.

This dam presumes as an ancient dam.1this dam is built for water supply to

‘Menkis’, the capital of king Miniz. In Egypt, on Nile river, ‘sad-el-kakara’

named dam is built by stones in 2700B.C. which is known as one of the

ancient one. This dam is collapsed because of there was not availability of

water discharge facility and due to flood water. Then after many years

Egyptian did not built any dams of stones. We have the information about the

water supply throughout the Canals and water bridge that the people of

Babylon before 4000 years ago, in Baluchistan before 3500 years ago, in

Persia before 3000 years ago, in Greece 2500 years ago and in Rome before

2500 years ago done it.2

Syrian peoples built a dam at samara and other places on Tigris River

in 1000 years B.C. to supply water for agriculture. They built a dam on Tigris

River for provide water to Nineveh city in 700 years B.C.

In china, in 2280 years B.C., the King Yav has built dams and canals to

supply ware for people and agriculture. In 300 years B.C., there is a chain of

dams on the river Mina through which the water supplied for extensive area.

Irrigation method is present from ancient period.3

3.1.1 Background of canal irrigation in India

The history of Indian canal irrigation and water supply is an ancient

one. We get proofs in literature and various places for in Krughvedas and

epics of Ramayana.

There are the references of wells and water supply facilities. In Mohan-

je-dado, before 2500years B.C., the progressive water supply management

was available. This proof is available for us.4

In ancient India and Shri Lanka the people built soil dams to provide

water for the people and agriculture. In the northern part of India, the rivers

are perennial so the people built low height dams and turned water supply for

agricultural fields. And they took good crops upon it.

In the southern part of India, the most of rivers are imperial so, the

dams are built with the help of soil and stones etc. there is reference of King

Pallav and others built up many soil dams during 500 to 1800 years A.D., in

southern part of India. In second century, the Chol King, ‘Karikal’ had built up

a dam on kaveri river known as great ‘Anie-kattu-grand canyon’ with stones

and till today it provides water to thousands of acres in Tanjawar District.5

In shrilanka, 4th B.C. the rainy season water is accumulated in Kalabala

tank for supplying water to agriculture of Anuradhpur, an ancient town.

In Tamilnadu during 1011-1037 A.D. Virnam dam is built about 16km.

in medieval period, Firozshaha Tughlag built up Yemunaduab dam in 14th

century. This dam is developed by King Akbar Alishahajan. This canal is

restructured by Britishers in 1873 for increasing irrigated area.6in 17th century,

Ali Mardan Khan built Bari Duab canal in Punjab.

Before the independence period, Britishers had used western

technologies to build canals. In 1879, the dam is built upon the river, Ravi

about 1000meter to irrigate the area about 335710 hectare. Khadakwasla is

the first dam in India to build up it with the help of stones. This dam is built up

in 1879.7the dams on Godavari in Andhra Pradesh at Dola Ishwaram, in

Tamilnadu Banking ham canal, in Utter Pradesh Ganga canal and Madhavpur

in Punjab in 1859. Bari-Duab is one of the most and largest dam built in 1882,

before pre-independence period. In 1878, lower Ganga canal has completed

due to this in utter Pradesh about 465000 hectare area comes under

irrigation. In 1854, upper Ganga canal has completed through which 96000

hectare area come under irrigation. In 1831 through which east Yamuna canal

near Faijabad about 2 lakh Hectare areas comes under irrigation.

In 1875 through which Agra canal 150000 hectare areas, in 1886

through which Betawa canal about 83000 hectare areas and in 1852 through

which Vijayawada dam on Krishna river about 203 hectare areas comes

under irrigation.

In 1866, Sankesula dam has built upon Tungbhadra River through

which 1.30 Lac. Hectare area brought under irrigation. Nagarjun sagar project

is one of the largest in India which is established in Andhra Pradesh.

In Tamilnadu, Mettur project is completed on Kaveri River during 1925

to 1934. Through this project 1.2 Lac. Hectare area comes under irrigation. In

1897, the damis built on Ghatprabha River in Karnataka, due to which 120600

hectare of Belgaum and Vijapur districts come under irrigation. There is a dam

built upon periyar in Kerala, in 1896 which water is used for agricultural

irrigation. Most of the highest dams are built after 1930.8The canals are built

for agriculture from rivers, dams, reservoirs, tanks etc. canal irrigation is one

of the important mode of irrigation. From total irrigation 35% irrigation has

been done by canals. Canals are perennial sources of water supply. Out of

total canals in India 50% canals are in Utter Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and

Andhra Pradesh and remaining are in West Bengal, Tamilnadu, Bihar,

Rajasthan, Karnataka and Maharashtra.

3.1.2 Background of canal irrigation in Maharashtra

In Maharashtra, there is heavy rainfall in Western Ghats so many dams

are built up and the stored water and supplied it through canals in many

regions.

The first stone dam is built on Mutha River at Khadakwasala in 1879; it

is 16km. away from Pune. There are two canal systems on it. The right bank

canal of khadakwasala supplies water for Pune city and the water is made

available for 45000 hectare land irrigation. This canal brought most of the

regions under irrigation of Pune and Ahmednagar District. This is one of the

ancient dams in Maharashtra. Upper part of Kahadakwasala dam, there are

two dams 27km. away from it that is Panshet dam on Ambi River and

Varasgaon dam on Mula River.9

In 1906 Veer Dam has built on Nira River and through the right bank

canal in 1938 water supplied for Solapur district through which 32850 hectare

area comes under irrigation.

In 1957 the Purna project has taken in to hand. Yeldari and

Siddheswar are two soil canals are built on Purna River in Parbhani

district.10Due to this 61514 hectare area of Parbhani district comes under

irrigation. In 1964 there are two dams built on Bhima River, Pavana dam one

of them is built near fagana Village. And another one at Ujani dam near Ujani

village in Solapur district. The Pawana dam has no canals; Ujani Dam has

length of 430km canals. Due to this about 124292 hectare areas of Pune and

Solapur comes under irrigation.11

There are three major Dams on Krishna River in Satara district; trough

which 134km. length canal from Dhom dam, from Borkhal dam 181km. length

of canal, from Kanehere dam 272km. length of canals are there. Through

which them about 106290 hectare areas comes under irrigation in Satara

district.

Jayakwadi project is one of the important projects in Maharashtra

which is built upon Godavari River in Aurangabad district. It has 185km.

canals which have brought 141.64 hectare areas under irrigation of

Aurangabad, Beed, and Parbhani and Ahmednagar districts.

In Sangali district, on Varana River, there is a dam built by soil and

stones. Through the left and right bank canal irrigation facilities made

available for 99058 hectare area. In Nasik district on Godavari River, there are

four dams in Dindori Tahsil such as Karanjvan, Waghad, Oxerkhed and

Palkhed through which about 44267 hectare areas come under irrigation.

There are another dam in Nasik on Girna and Panjan river which make water

available for 57106 hectare of Jalgaon district.

At the west of Nagpur on 443km, there is a dam in Buldhana district on

Nalganga River at sanglad village. With the help of canal irrigation 15782

hectare areas brought under irrigation.12

Most of the canal irrigation projects in Maharashtra are developed after

post-independence period.

3.1.3 Background of canal irrigation in study area

In Ahmednagar district, at Baragaon Nandur a dam is built in 1971 on

Mula River whose length is about 2820meter and the height is about 47meter

through this dam, with the help of right and left bank canal in Ahmednagar

district 82920 hectare areas come under canal irrigation. 13

At Pimpalgaonjoge, on the tributary of Kukadi River, Manikdoh and

Yedgaon dams built on Kukadi River and the left bank canal brings about

52838 hectare area under irrigation of Ahmednagar district.

On the boundary of Shrigonda Tahsil of Ahmednagar and Shirur Tahsil

of Pune district dam built at Chinchani on Ghod River the tributary of Bhima

River. Through Ghod left bank canal about 14310 hectare areas comes under

irrigation.

In 1926, at Bhandardara a dam is built on Pravara River whose height

is about 90metre the dam is known as Wilson dam. This dam helped to bring

under irrigation about33860 hectare areas of Ahmednagar which is always

under drought prone zone. Upper Pravara project is in progress after

completion of this project 1116.90 hectare area will come under irrigation.

The help of upper Godavari project In 1974 Karanjawan and in 1980

Waghad dams are built through which 2742 hectare and 7311 hectare areas

come under irrigation respectively of Ahmednagar district.14

Except to above mention major projects in Ahmednagar, there are some small

projects too. In 1994 Khairi project is erected and due to this 2318 hectare

areas come under irrigation. In 1976 Adhala project bring 3914 hectare under

irrigation. Visapur dam supplies water for 5388 hectare in 1927. Sina project

is one of the important and it is built on river Sina in 1986. About 8445 hectare

area comes under irrigation. In 1965 Sangvi project is erected through which

503 hectare area come under irrigation. There are some other projects such

as in 1982 Mandohal project irrigates 2266 hectare in Parner Tahsil, in 2003

Therda project irrigates 3401 hectare in pathrdi Tahsil, and in 2005 Tajanapur

project irrigates 2744 hectare area etc.15

Thus, with the help of major and medium projects most part of

Ahmednagar district come under canal irrigation.

3.2 Kukadi canal irrigation project

3.2.1 General information

In western Maharashtra the main sources available for irrigating the

scarcity affected areas of Pune, Ahmednagar and Solapur districts are the

Ghod and the Kukadi rivers. Mina a tributary of Ghod meets it’s near

Nirgudsar, Tal. - Ambegaon, Dist. - Pune. Pushpawati and Ar rivers meet

Kukadi River upstream of Yedgaon, Tal. - Junner, Dist. - Pune. All these five

rivers have their sources in Western Ghats in the Junner and Ambegaon

Tahsils of Pune district, where the rain fall is between 3810mm to 5080mm.

This rainfall drops down to about 1000mm. within a short distance of

about 32 to 40kms. And then it further dwindles to 635mm. within the next

50kms. So on Beyond the Pune Nasik road, towards the east, rainfall

gradually reduces from 635mm. to 460mm. which is the traditional rainfall

shadow area where crop failures are common, yields are low and the area is

conspicuous by poverty of the Agriculturists.

In the original Bhima Project, the utilization of 1416M.Cum was

earmarked for this project. The total 75% dependable yield up to the proposed

dam sites is 1206M.Cum. (42.606TMC.). Consequent to the declaration of

Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal award, the study team appointed by the

Government, has recommended a utilization of 1101.50M.Cum. (38.90TMC.)

for this project and the project is, therefore planned accordingly.

3.2.2 Necessity of Kukadi project

The problems of providing irrigation benefits to the scarcity area from

Pune, Ahmednagar and Solapur Districts was engaging an attention of the

state for quite a long time. Shirur Tahsil of Pune District, Parner,

Karjat,Shrigonda, Tahsils of Ahmednagar District and Karmala Tahsil of

Solapur Districts are chronically affected by scarcity year after year. Lands in

the valleys are fertile and capable of growing a variety of crops if irrigation

facilities are made available. This has been evident from the irrigation

practiced on a number of wells, in this area. The rainfall varies from 460mm.

to 635mm. which is inadequate, for growing crops especially when it is

unevenly distributed.

This happens, for almost every alternate year. The poverty of the tract

and non-sustaining character of the lands are evident by the depleted

population in these Tahsils as compared to the adjoining Kopargaon and

Shrirampur Tahsils. The entire area would remain undeveloped if the project

as now contemplated and which is already under construction does not

materialize.16

3.2.3 History of Kukadi project

As far back as 1903 to 1910, intensive investigations were carried out

by Mr. Beak, the superintending Engineer, on special duty, for utilization of

water resources of the three rivers, Ghod, Mina and the Kukadi for irrigating

lands in their valleys and also irrigating the scarcity affected portion of the

state in Shrigonda and Karjat Tahsils of Ahmednagar District and Karmala

Tahsil of Solapur District. Since that time, various schemes for utilization of

waters, of the above rivers had been considered.

The various alternatives studied by Mr. Beak have been

explained in detail in the project report, submitted by the state in 1966. The

final proposal, described here under is already under construction. The project

report of the Kukadi project was sent to C.W. &P.C. under irrigation

Department letter no. PIM/3465/12050-I.P. dated 30/04/1965. This was

administratively approved by Government of Maharashtra under IP No.

PIM/3465/12231-IP (4) dated 08/11/1966 vide Appendix no. I (1).17 (Kukadi

canal map attached in appendix I)

3.2.4 Salient features of kukadi project

Table No. 3.1 Salient Features of Kukadi Project

Sr.

No.

Item Parameter Yedgaon

dam

Manikdoh

dam

Wadaj dam Dimbhe dam Pimpalgaonjoge

dam

Total

1 location

State Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra

Region Western

Maharashtra

Western

Maharashtra

Western

Maharashtra

Western

Maharashtra

Western

Maharashtra

District Pune Pune Pune Pune Pune

Tahsil Junner Junner Junner Ambegaon Junner

Village Yedgaon Manikdoh Wadaj dam Dimbhe Pimpalgaonjoge

Toposheet No. 47 I/4 47 E/16 47 E/16 47 E/12 47 E/15

Latitude 19010’30’’N 19012’30’’N 1908’9’’N 1905’45’’N 19018’45’’N

Longitude 7401’30’’E 74050’0’’E 73052’0’’E 73044’30’’E 73052’0’’E

2 Source Kukadi river

tributary of

Ghod river

Kukadi river

tributary of

Ghod river

Meena river

tributary of

Ghod river

Ghod river

tributary of

Bhima river

Ar river tributary

of Pushpawati

river

Continue…

Sr.

No.


dam

Manikdoh

dam


dam

Total

3 Type of Dam Earth Masonry Earth Masonry Earth

4 Catchment area Sq. Miles 178 50 60 115 37 440

Sq. Kms. 461 129 155 412 91 1139

5 75% Dependable

Yield in

TMC 6.616 10.996 4.457 14.666 5.879 42.614

M. Cum. 188 311 126 415 166 1206

6 Rainfall Inches 37 to 25 150 to 237 131 to 231 150 to 158 134 to 137

7 A) Gross Storages TMC 3.30 10.88 1.27 13.50 7.695 36.640

M. Cum 93.43 307.91 35.94 382.06 217.915 1037.06

B) capacity of Live

storage in

TMC 2.80 10.18 1.17 12.50 3.274 29.920

M. Cum 79.276 288.10 33.11 353.75 92.650 846.28

C) Capacity of

storage at MDDL

in

TMC 0.500 0.700 0.100 1.00 4.420 6.72

M. Cum 14.15 19.81 2.83 28.304 125.10 190.194

D) Utilization in TMC 21.543 1.907 2.598 8.449 4.374 38.871

M. Cum 610.024 53.937 73.566 239.247 123.857 100.691

8 Total length of

Dam in.

Meters 4470 930 1830 852 1493

Sr.

No.


dam

Manikdoh

dam


dam

Total

9 Max. height of

Dam from river bed

in

Meters 23.6 50.38 26.42 67.65 27.57

10 Area under

submergence

Acres 3745 4608 1134 5438 6128 21045

Hectares 1498 1843 460 2202 2480 8483

11 Work starting year 1970 1975 1977 1977 1992

12 Work completion

year

1977 1984 1983 1995 2000

Source: Govt. of Maharashtra irrigation department kukadi irrigation project Vol. II page 21 -22.

3.2.4a Yedgaon weir cum storage on Kukadi River

The site at Yedgaon is situated upstream of both the Pune-Nasik road

as well as the Pimpalwandi village. It will, therefore affect neither the road nor

the township. But the conditions of foundations at this site are not as favorable

as at Kandali Village. Rock is exposed on the right bank of the river. It is,

however, deep seated on the left flank, and is available in the river bed at a

reasonable depth. Rough cost studies indicate that considering the

submergence, cost at Kandali are still higher than the costlier foundation at

Yedgaon, even after considering the cost of additional 7Km. length of canal in

favor of Kandali, Yedgaon is thus chosen for this project.

The site is situated 2.5km. downstream of the Yedgaon village

Latitude 190-10’-30’’ North and Longitude 740-1’-30’’ East, and is

approachable by a cart track, taking off from the Pune-Nasik road in mile No.

49/6 and about 5km. away from the National Highway.18

Construction of Yedgaon dam has been completed in all respects with

full storage capacity up to June, 1977, and the layout described below is one

finally adopted for construction after considering the various alternative

layouts in the past. The principal command lies on the left flank and the canal

taking off from Yedgaon weir is the Kukadi Left Bank Canal. However, since

there is deep over burden on the Left Bank and rock is deep seated, the outlet

structure is located on the right bank river at Ch. 2804m. At this location the

earth dam has been terminated by divide wall on left side of outlet is provided

with a non-overflow section as the same was found to be economical and

convenient.19

On first lake fill in monsoon of 1977, it is observed that some

area downstream of dam goy water logged. Therefore, in 1979, numbers of

relief walls were constructed as remedial measure. Now water logged area is

considerably reclaimed.

3.2.4bManikdoh storage on Kukadi River

The river Kukadi flows between two hill ranges which are off

shoots of Western Ghats, going in an eastern direction and forming the

dividing ranges between the Ar and the Kukadi on side and the Kukadi and

the Meena on the other. These off shoots have a few spurs approaching close

to the banks of the river Kukadi at a few places between Thakarwadi and

Padli villages. A few alternative dam sites were therefore investigated in this

reach and they are described in detail in the earlier project report. In the

administratively approved project report of 1966, a site near village Manikdoh

had been recommended for this project and a composite am with masonry

section in the main gorge and earth embankment on the both the flanks was

proposed.20

The dam site is located at 190-14’ north Latitude and 730-49’ East

Longitude. The site is approachable by Junner-Ghatghar road and is about

3km. from Junner.

The dam on the river Kukadi at Manikdoh (i.e. Thakarwadi) envisages

a gross storage of 308Mcum (10.88 TMC). Initially it is proposed to let out the

water in to the river through six river sluices each of 1.2M. ͯ 1.8M provided in

the spillway portion. This water was to be picked up at Yedgaon dam, already

existing on the downstream for releases in the main Kukadi Left Bank Canal.21

During the course of construction, the people from Junner Tahsil

demanded irrigation water from this storage at Manikdoh. Considering their

demand a small Left Bank Canal having 1.52Cumecs capacity at head is

proposed, for a length of 23.5Kms. Due to this proposal out of the six river

sluices originally proposed in the gorge, two are shifted near the outlet

location at Ch. 270mtr in addition to the one for Manikdoh Left Bank Canal.

Thus now there are four river sluices in the four piers in the spillway portion

and three outlets of the same size at Ch. 270M at the starting of Manikdoh

Left Bank Canal. The construction of the main dam is practically completed in

June 1984.22

3.2.4c Dam at Wadaj on the Meena River

The river Meena is a left bank tributary of the Ghod and joins it

near the village Shingve, situated about 16Kms. east of the village Manchar

on Pune-Nasik road. The river rises on the eastern slopes of the western ghat

at an altitude of about 1067M. Above M.S.L. it flows down the steep slopes of

the hills and then runs through the valley defined by two parallel of shoots of

the Sahyadris along the two banks of the river. The river valley opens in to a

wide valley near Nirgudsar village; from the downstream of Wadaj village the

valley becomes so wide that a storage site, which is both feasible and

economical, is hardly possible. Any site downstream of Wadaj village entails

heavy submergence of valuable and cultivated land.23

The Wadaj dam is located on River Meena near village Wadaj in

Junner Tahsil of Pune district. The geodetic location of the dam site is 190-8’

North latitude and 730-54’ East Longitudes.

According to the approved revised project report of Kukadi Project, the

water from Wadaj dam was to be let out in to Meena River and picked up

downstream at Basti pick-up weir from which a canal was to take off and was

to be connected to Dimbhe Left Bank Canal. After reviewing the above

proposal and studying necessary alternatives in the year 1977, it was found,

that it would be more economical to take a direct canal from Wadaj storage

instead of Ex-Basti pick-up weir. Moreover, there was similar demand of

villagers for taking direct canal from Wadaj and provide irrigation to the lands

at higher level. The construction of the main dam is practically completed in

June 1983. The total storage capacity of tis storage is 35.94Mcum (1.27

TMC).24

3.2.4d Dam at Dimbhe on the Ghod River

The Ghod River is one of the major northern tributary of Bhima

River. It rises on the eastern slope of the Sahyadri range at an altitude of

about 1067.07 m. above M.S.L. It then flows down the valley along Ambegaon

town, where the valley starts opening out. Upstream of Ambegaon, the valley

is generally narrow and good storage basin is hardly available.

Any storage below Ghodegaon, which will permit diversion of water in

to the Kukadi Left Bank Canal, taking off from the Yedgaon weir, is left with

the possibility of submergence of Ghodegaon which is a Tahsil head quarter.

A dam site has been therefore located suitably in the reach of the river

between the towns of Ambegaon and Ghodegaon.25

The dam site is situated about 1.5 km. upstream of the supedhar. A

steeply sloping spur almost touches the left bank of the river. The nose of this

spur is connected to a steeply rising massive hillock on the right bank to the

north of the Dimbhe (Bk.) village; good rock is exposed along the left bank as

well as in the river bed. After taking in to account the results of trial bores

Government has given approval for this alignment and the construction of

dam is already started on this line.

The location of this dam is situated on 190-5’-45’’ North Latitude and

730-44’-30’’ East Longitude. It is easily approachable by asphalt road on the

right bank of river taking off from the Manchar town on the Pune-nasik road

i.e. National Highway No. 50. The dam site is about 25 km. away from the

Manchar town. There are no good means of communications on the left bank,

as county is more or less hilly.26

Dimbhe Left Bank Canal takes off from the reservoir on the left bank

and Dimbhe Right bank Canal takes off from Dimbhe Left bank canal In Km.

No. 3. The outlets have a maximum discharging capacity of 39cumecs with

three gates in fully opened condition. Total storage capacity of dam is

382.06Mcum (13.50 TMC). The construction of dam completed in the year

1995.

3.2.4e Pimpalgaonjoge Dam on the Ar River

The storage on Ar River near Pimpalgaonjoge was mainly intended to

feed the Yedgaon dam and to a certain extent firm up the irrigation on the

existing Bandhara at netwad on the Pushpawati River. Since 1976 there was

increasing demands for irrigating additional areas by starting new canals and

extending the present canals.

A note based on water requirement by pan evaporation method was

submitted to Government by working out the water requirement for 8 monthly

cropping patterns to bring an additional area of 36300 hectare under irrigation.

Out of this area, Pimpalgaon joge was recommended to have 55 km left bank

canal to irrigate about 11500, hectares.27

The location site lies about 1.6 km. upstream of village Pimpalgaonjoge

and is accessible from right flank by an un-metaled road leading to Junner, an

important Tahsil town and is about 19 km. away from it. Also it can be

approached by Ane-Malsej state highway; the dam line is just near this road

and is about 25 km. away from Alephata towards Bombay. The geodetic

location of the dam is as 190-18’-45’’ North latitude and 730-52’-30’’ East

Longitudes. The Earthen Dam of Pimpalgaon joge, catchment area is 97 sq.

miles with a corresponding Ingles discharge of 1145Cumecs (40.470 Cusecs).

The total storage of this dam is 217.915M.cum (7.695 TMC). The dam

construction was completed in the year 2000.28

3.2.5 Canals of Kukadi Project

The construction of the canal has been originally taken up in hand

during scarcity period of 1971-72. The work is in progress since then and is

being completed in stages. The work up to 114 km. is completed and the

water has been realized through canals. The remaining work of kukadi left

bank canal is to be completed by the end of year 2000. The phasing of

construction of canal system has been planned accordingly and same is

explained below.

Yedgaon weir has been completed by the end of 1975-76. The

irrigation potential so created during monsoon of 1976 has been utilized for

the first 25 km. of Kukadi Left Bank Canal during Rabi season of 1976. The

irrigation potential thus created in the first 25 km. of kukadi left bank canal is

about 2106 hectare. Since the taintor-gates have been erected by the end of

June, 1977 full water potential of Yedgaon weir was created by end of 1978-

79.

Thus water potential created is utilized by completing first 55kms of

Kukadi left bank canal would be about 10,000 hectares. Now the work is

completed up to 114 km. and the potential created is 28,569 hectare.

Manikdoh dam is completed in 1983-84 and the full water potential is

created. It is proposed to utilize the water potential so created for kukadi left

bank canal through Yedgaon reservoir. The storage of about 0.7 TMC will be

utilized for irrigation under Manikdoh left bank canal.

The area of about 20,719.50 hectare and irrigation area 10,416 hectare

between Visapur Tank and Saraswati River is already under the control of

Visapur Tank. At present only fraction of above area 2,428 Ha. is irrigated

every year on average, on account of the poor water resources of Visapur

tank. For the remaining area the cultivators get water from the tank once in

every 5 to 6 years according to the availability of monsoon run off in the

catchment of the Visapur tank. By linking the kukadi canal with the Visapur

canal full irrigation can be developed immediately in the command of Visapur

tank, as the cultivators are already irrigation minded and they are waiting for

irrigation water. The existing Visapur system will have to be remodeled and

this has been provided for in the estimate and in the programme of work.

During the construction period of the project the farmers can be

advised regarding crop pattern, agriculture practices, and manners to be used

and necessary help can be given through agriculture department. So that all

villages can watch the farm, their increased productivity and utility and will be

convinced of the benefits of irrigation for growing new crops as suggested in

the project by the time, full irrigation potential will be created.29

The details regarding the Gross command area, Cultivable command

area and irrigable command area and the canal system of Kukadi Project are

given in the following table 3.2.

Table No. 3.2 Canals of Kukadi Project

Sr.

No.

Name of

canal

Length

of

canal

in km.

G.C.A.

in

hectares

C.C.A.

in

hectares

I.C.A in

Hectares

Cropped

area in

Hectares.

(I.C.A. ͯ

1.07)

1 i) Kukadi left

bank canal

249 129533 103626 67355 72070

ii) Sina left

bank canal

24.5 9051 7241 4707 5036

iii) Chilewadi

branch

23 26043 20835 13543 14491

iv) Pondewadi

branch

14 8622 6898 4484 4798

Total kukadi

left bank

canal

310.5 173249 138600 90089 96395

2 i) Meena

feeder canal

14 6856 5485 3565 3815

ii)Dimbhe left

bank canal

55 5060 4048 2631 2815

iii)Ghod

branch canal

13 8327 8327 4330 4633

iv)Meena

branch canal

40 28873 23098 15014 16065

Total Ghod

Meena canal

system

122 49116 40958 25540 27328

3 Dimbhe right

bank canal

132 17978 22382 14549 15568

Continue…

Sr.

No.

Name of canal Length

of

canal

in km.

G.C.A.

in

hectares

C.C.A.

in

hectares

I.C.A in

Hectares

Cropped

area in

Hectares.

(I.C.A.

1ͯ.07)

4 Manikdoh left

bank canal

23.5 4356 3485 2265 2424

5 Pimpalgaonjoge

LBC

71 22134 17708 11510 12316

6 Wadaj right

bank canal

10 692 554 360 385

7 Pushpawati

canal

16 4346 2677 1740 1862

Total for

canals

685 280871 224699 146053 156278

Source: govt. of Maharashtra irrigation department kukadi irrigation project Vol. II 23-24.

Above mentioned table no. 3.1 and 3.2 made it clear that most of the

area of Pune district is under project and maximum benefiters are in

Ahmednagar district. Taking in to account that the collection of water of five

dams is nearly 75% and decided to use water for Kukadi project. It is about

42.09Mcft. From this, 0.5mcft water for Pushpawati dam and 0.2mcft water for

Ghod canal made available. In 1970 and 1971 the demand of water increased

in the peoples of Kukadi area. So the water availability also increased with the

help of Visapur and Ghod right bank canal.

3.2.5.1 Kukadi Left Bank Canal:

An extensive survey were carried out by Mr. Beale during 1903 to 1908

for aligning kukadi left bank canal with storages for the integrated kukadi

project and from the surveys it was concluded that the key to the problem of

alignment of the kukadi left bank canal is to keep the canal as high as

possible at a level not less than R.L. 627.88 at Pimpalwandi where the Pune –

Nasik road crosses the canal. This level was the obligatory and hence the

same is maintained during construction. Yedgaon weir is about 6km.

upstream of this crossing and at Yedgaon has been kept as 629.715m.

The canal off takes from Yedgaon weir with at 629.715 m. the principal

command lies on the left bank of kukadi river, the main canal therefore is on

the left bank of the kukadi.

Normally the canal would have been taken off from a suitable location

on the left bank of the weir but such a possibility is precluded by the deep

over burden on the left flank. The surplusing arrangement and head regular

are therefore provided on the right bank near river gorge. The head regulator

is designed to pass 59.60cumecs discharge with three openings of 1.8 ͯ2.7m.

The canals divided broadly in three sections according to the

topography of the country as below:

Section I : Km. 0 to 64 Yedgaon to Dudh Nala.

Section II : Km. 64 to 114 Dudh Nala to Visapur tank.

Section III : Km. 114 to 249 Visapur tank to Temburni road including

Sina LBC, Chilwadi and Pondewadi branch.

Section I: This is considered as the best section for irrigation. The soils

till Alkuti Nala are very fertile and productive. Further till Dudhnala the lands

are potentially good for irrigation. Total command area is 16896 hectare in the

length with an average command of about 265 hectare per kilometer length of

canal.

The entire alignment for this section of the canal that is up to Dudhnala

has been complied including lining. The canal alignment runs along a falling

contour with a bed fall of 1 in 6700. Some of the important features of the

alignment are as below.

The alignment in the Km. no 3 is taken through cutting slightly more

than full cutting to avoid bagayat lands. The deep cutting is not costly as the

excavation in mostly in soil. In Km. no 4&5 to avoid passing through village

pimpalwadi and crossing undulating cut up land the alignment has been taken

on higher ground in deep cutting. In Km. no 6 the canal crosses the Pune-

Nasik road (National Highway No. 50). From Km. no. 8 to 50 the alignment

runs mostly through normal cutting and bank till km no. 30. The soil mantle is

thick and beyond this the soil are murmy.

From km. no. 51 to 64 there are number of deep cuts. There are no

special features in the remaining kilometers the canal runs along a falling

contour all along.

Section II:Km. No. 64 to 114: Dudhnala to Visapur Tank:

In this section of the canal is intercepted with a number of spurs. Major

portion of the lands has high soils which are quite fertile and suitable for

irrigation. The total command area in this section is 22309 hectare with an

average command area of 445 hectare per kilometer length of canal. The

entire alignment for this length of canal has been surveyed, and the

excavation for this length is already done. Earthwork and lining up to Km. 114

is almost completed. The important features of the alignment in this section

are as follows: excluding the above features the alignment runs mostly along

falling contour in Km.115 to 117 the canal is taken downstream of the Visapur

Tank crossing the Hanga Valley by means of an aqueduct and suitable

provision is made in the estimate. From 64 to 96 Km. the county in this

section is intercepted with number of spurs and hill ranges. In order to avoid

long detour of the canal for crossing this county, deep cuts are provided for

shortening of the length of the canal.

Section III: (Visapur Tank to Karmala Temburni Km. No. 114 to 249.)

The command area for which irrigation is proposed in this project

entirely lies in the scarcity zone, where the rainfall is scanty. This area with

potential fertility and eminently suitable for irrigation, is now proposed to be

irrigated through the Kukadi Left Bank Canal.

The total command area in this section is 114006 hectares with an

average commanded area of 820 hectare per Kilometer of canal length. The

Kukadi Left Bank Canal in this reach i.e. km. 117 to 249 runs all along falling

contour and there is no difficulty in aligning the canal. The Kukadi Left Bank

Canal crosses the central Railway line of Dhond- Manmad section in Km.

120/260. In the earlier project report it was proposed to have branch canals in

the Sina Valley off taking by cut in Km. 194. In the recent studies, it is

revealed that there are many deep cuts and cross-come all these difficulties it

is decided to run the main canal through Sina Valley, by having a cut in Km.

192.

This canal replaces the old Sina Right Bank Canal and further

connects to the old alignment in Km. 223. By this change there is no change

in the area previously proposed for irrigation. In the present concept to branch

canals are completed, the first branch, (namely Chilwadi Branch) off takes

from Km. 192 and caters the area under the old canal alignment between Km.

192 to 212. The second branch namely Pondewadi Branch off takes from Km.

No. 223 and caters the in between the old canal alignment reach from Km. no.

212 to 223.

Extension of Kukadi Left Bank Canal in to Sina Valley:

It is completed to take water to Sina Valley to irrigate drought prone

area of Karjat and Karmala Tahsil. A branch canal which cuts ridre to reach

the Sina Valley starts from Km. No. 190 of Kukadi Left Bank Canal, after

entering in to Sina Valley, Sina Left Bank Canal off takes at Ch. 193/165 of

Kukadi Left Bank Canal. Due to this canal about 35094 hectare Gross

Command Area from Karjat and Karmala comes under command and about

18250 hectare of land will get irrigation benefits.30

In the present situation, some agricultural area is added in kukadi project

according to the report of 1976s; following major points are added newly:

1. To extent kukadi left bank canal till Sina basin and about 12145

hectare area under irrigation.

2. To bring under irrigation, the area about 11510 hectare with the help of

Pimpalgaonjoge left bank canal.

3. To supply water for 3565 hectare area with the help of Wadaj left bank

canal.

4. To supply water for 360 hectare area with the help of Wadaj right bank

canal.

5. To bring under irrigation, the area about 2265 hectare area, with the

help of New Manikdoh left bank canal.

3.2.6 Social and Economic status of projected area

Kukadi project helped to Pune, Ahmednagar and Solapur districts

which are primarily remained in drought prone zone. This project served for

538760 farmers. Due to this, many people get available extra employment

opportunities and get impelling to industrial development

3.2.7 Irrigation Capacity of Kukadi Project

Table No. 3.3 Dam-wise proposed water utilization in million cubic feet.

Sr.

No.

Particular Dimbhe

Dam

Wadaj

Dam

Manikdoh

Dam

Pimpalg-

aonjoge

Dam

Yedgaon

Dam

Total

1 Total

storage

13500 1270 10880 8310 3300 37256

2 For

Yedgaon

Dam

6217 556 8566 110 00 15439

3 For

Irrigation

7010 2296 521 3047 20721 33595

4 Evaporation 806 246 935 1822 880 4631

5 Carrying

Outgoing

633 56 451 5 00 1145

6 Total 3+5 8449 2598 1907 4374 21543 38871

7 Total 2+6 14666 3154 10463 4484 21543 42600

Source: Department kukadi irrigation project divisional office No. 1 Vol. I page 3.

Kukadi canal irrigation Project includes five dams 1) Manikdoh 2)

Dimbhe 3) Yedgaon 4) Wadaj and 5) Pimpalgaonjoge. The plan made

according that the water of four dams are stored in Yedgaon dam and

supplied through Left Bank Canal for irrigation.

This project planned irrigation for only Kharip and Rabi season and not

for summer season. Total irrigation capacity of Kukadi project is nearly

156278 hectare and at the end of 2004, irrigation capacity fixed for 114271

hectare area. The command area of Kukadi canal irrigation Project Junner,

Ambegaon and Shirur Tahsil in Pune, Parner, Shrigonda, Karjat Tahsils of

Ahmednagar and Karmala Tahsil in Solapur Districts are comes under

irrigation. This project become from five dams. The water management of this

project is done as follows.

Department of irrigation has decided that the total importation of water

is nearly 75% from these five dams. And total water is taken into account

nearly 42600m.c.ft. Total water storage of dams is 37256m.c.ft.

The planning of present water storage is made as follows:

1. Total water storage 37256m.c.ft.

2. For Yedgaon Dam 15439m.c.ft.

3. For irrigation 33595m.c.ft.

4. Evaporation 4631m.c.ft.

5. Carrying outgoing 1145m.c.ft.

6. Total use of water (3+5) 39371m.c.ft.

7. Reserved for Pushpawati 500m.c.ft.

8. Total proposed use of water 38871m.c.ft

Table No. 3.4 Season-wise irrigation capability of Dams in kukadi project

Sr. No. Name of the Storage

Dam

Irrigation

capability in

Kharip

(Hectare.)

Irrigation

capability in

Rabi

(Hectare.)

Total

irrigation

capability

(Hectare.)

1 Yedgaon Dam 46846 49550 96396

2 Manikdoh Dam 1178 1246 2424

3 Wadaj Dam 9848 2159 12007

4 Pimpalgaonjoge Dam 6890 7287 14177

5 Dimbhe Dam 11184 20090 31274

Total 75946 80332 156278

Source: Department kukadi irrigation project divisional office No. 1 Vol. I page 3.

The final proposed irrigation capacity of the Kukadi project is 156278

hectare. Out of this, in Kharip season 52% (75946 hectare) according to

cropping pattern and for Rabi season 55% (80332 hectare) according to

cropping pattern is decided to irrigate.

Figure 3.1 Season-wise

Table No. 3.5 Dam-wise

Sr.

No.

Name of the

Storage Dam

1 Yedgaon Dam

2 Manikdoh Dam

3 Wadaj Dam

4 Pimpalgaonjoge

Dam

5 Dimbhe Dam

Total

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

46846

49550

wise irrigation capability of Dams in kukadi project

wise canalirrigation capability in kukadi project

Name of the

Name of the canal Kharip

irrigable

area in

hectares

Kukadi LBC system 46846

Manikdoh Dam Manikdoh LBC 1178

Meena feeder canal 1854

Meena branch canal 7807

Wadaj RBC 187

Total 57872

Pimpalgaonjoge Pimpalgaonjoge LBC 5985

Pushpawati canal 905

Total 6890

Dimbhe LBC 1368

Dimbhe RBC 7565

Ghod branch 2221

Meena branch ---

75946

1178

98486890

49550

12462159

7287

96396

242412007

14177

Irrigation capability in Kharip (Hector)

Irrigation capability in Rabi (hector)

Total irrigation capability (hector)

irrigation capability of Dams in kukadi project

apability in kukadi project

irrigable

area in

s

Rabi

irrigable

area in

hectares

49550

1246

1961

--

198

52955

6330

954

7287

1447

8003

2382

8258

80332

11184

2009014177

31274

Irrigation capability in Kharip (Hector)

Irrigation capability in Rabi (hector)

Total irrigation capability (hector)

Source: Department kukadi irrigation project

Kukadi left Bank Canal provides water for 96396 hectare out of

Yedgaon Dam. For this 20721m.c.ft water is

useful water storage of Yedgaon dam is nearly 2800m.c.ft. So, the water of

other four dams is provided water for Kharip and Rabi season cropping

through Yedgaon dam.

3.2.7.1 Tahsil-wise irrigable area of kukadi canal project (in

The gross command to be covered has broadly been delineated with

the intention of serving various areas. It is intended to extend irrigation

benefits to Junner, Ambegaon & Sirur Tahsils from Pune District, Parner,

Shrigonda and Karjat Tahsil fro

from Solapur District. These areas are to be irrigated by various canals. The

gross command area, cultivable command area and the area proposed to be

irrigated under different canal systems are given in the table no

C.C.A is based on the village statistics and from the Maharashtra Krishi

Jeevan. The average percentage of G.C.A. to C.C.A. is taken as 80%. The

percentage for Cultivable area to irrigable area is adopted as 65% to spread

out irrigation facilities to larger area as the tract is drought prone.

29990

Figure 3.2 Taluka

Ambegaon Taluka

Parner Taluka

Karmala Taluka

epartment kukadi irrigation project divisional office No. 1 Vol. I page 4


Yedgaon Dam. For this 20721m.c.ft water is expected. But the projected



through Yedgaon dam.

wise irrigable area of kukadi canal project (in




Shrigonda and Karjat Tahsil from Ahmednagar District and Karmala Tahsil



irrigated under different canal systems are given in the table no




es to larger area as the tract is drought prone.

15418

27115

1474030616

24562

Figure 3.2 Taluka-wise irrigable Area of Kukadi Canal Project

(in Hectors)

Ambegaon Taluka Junner Taluka Shirur Taluka

Shrigonda Taluka Karjat Taluka

Karmala Taluka

divisional office No. 1 Vol. I page 4.


expected. But the projected



wise irrigable area of kukadi canal project (in hectares)




m Ahmednagar District and Karmala Tahsil



irrigated under different canal systems are given in the table no. 3.6. The




es to larger area as the tract is drought prone.31

27115

13834

14740

wise irrigable Area of Kukadi Canal Project

Shirur Taluka

Karjat Taluka

Table No. 3.6 Tahsil-wise irrigable area of kukadi canal project (in hectares)

Sr.

No.

Canal system Pune District Ahmednagar District Solapur

District

Total

Ambegaon Junner Shirur Parner Shrigonda Karjat Karmala

1 Kukadi LBC -- 1678 -- 9550 30616 29990 24562 96396

2 Dimbhe LBC 2124 691 -- -- -- -- -- 2815

3 Dimbhe RBC 8661 -- 6907 -- -- -- -- 1558

4 Meena Feeder -- 3815 -- --- --- -- -- 3815

5 Meena Branch -- 9135 6930 -- -- -- -- 16065

6 Ghod Branch 4633 -- -- -- -- -- -- 4633

7 Pimpalgaonjoge LBC -- 7125 -- 5190 -- -- --- 12315

8 Manikdoh LBC -- 2424 -- -- -- -- -- 2424

9 Wadaj LBC -- 385 -- -- -- -- -- 385

10 Pushpawati -- 1862 -- -- -- -- -- 1862

11 Total Irrigable Area in Tahsil 15418 27115 13837 14740 30616 29990 24562 156278

12 Total Irrigable Area in District 56370 75343 24562 156278

Source: Govt. of Maharashtra irrigation department kukadi irrigation project Vol. II page. 10-11.

The above table no. 3.6 indicates that Pune, Ahmednagar and Solapur

districts get the benefits of Kukadi Left Bank Canal commanded Tahsils. Out

of this, Shrigonda Tahsil in Ahmednagar district gets more benefits as its most

of area (30616 hectare) comes under irrigation.

Table No. 3.7 District -wise projected irrigation capacity

Sr.

No.

District Gross

command

area (in

Hectares)

Percentage Irrigated

command

area (in

Hectares)

Percentage

1 Pune 56370 36.07 35201 30.81

2 Ahmednagar 75346 48.21 74188 64.92

3 Solapur 24562 15.72 4882 4.27

Total 156278 100 114271 100

Figure 3.3 District-wise projected irrigation capacity

The total projected irrigation capacity of Kukadi Project is about an

area of 156278 hectare. This includes the area of Pune, Ahmednagar and

Solapur Districts. Above table no.3.7 shows that the main project is located in

Pune district and most of the area comes under irrigation in Ahmednagar

district that is about 75346 hectare.

36.07

48.21

15.72

30.81

64.92

4.27

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Pune Ahmednagar SolapurGross Command Area Irrigated command Area

Table No. 3.8 Cropping Pattern of kukadi project

Sr.

No.

Projected Crops Cropping

intensity

(percentage)

Irrigable

Area in

hectares

Percentage

1 Kharip crops

i. Jowar (Hybrid)

ii. Bajra (Hybrid)

iii. Paddy Drilled

iv. Groundnut

v. Chillies

vi. Vegetables

Total

20

10

2

15

2

3

52

29211

14605

2921

21908

2921

4382

75948

38.47

19.24

3.84

28.85

3.84

5.76

100

2 Rabi crops

i. Wheat

ii. Jowar Local Rabi

iii. Jowar Hybrid Rabi

iv. Jowar Rabi

v. Gram Peas

vi. Vegetable / Onion

vii. Other/ Potatoes

Total

16

15

12

2

5

2

3

55

23368

21908

17520

2921

7303

2921

4383

80330

29.09

27.27

21.82

3.64

9.09

3.64

5.45

100

Total cropping

intensity

107 156278

Source: Department kukadi irrigation project divisional office No. 1 Vol. I page 29

The World Bank considered Eight Monthly cropping pattern for Kukadi

project with reference to letter dated on 20/11/1980 and made 107% capacity

of irrigation. In this Kharip crops it is 52% and irrigable area is 75948 hectare

while Rabi season it is 55% and irrigable area is 80330 hectare.

The irrigation periods, for the two seasons i.e. Kharif and Rabi,

according to the present practices are as 1) Kharif – From 15th June to 14th

October. 2) Rabi – From 15th October to 14th February. A suitable design

cropping pattern was evolved for the project, taking in to account the present

agricultural practices, agro-meteorological conditions, soil classification etc.

28.85

Figure 3.4 Proposed Kharip Cropping pattern of Kukadi

Jowar (Hybrid)

Groundnut

21.82

3.649.09

Figure 3.5 Proposed Rabi Cropping pattern of Kukadi

Wheat

Jowar Rabi

Other/Potatoes

38.47

19.24

3.84

28.85

3.84

5.76


irrigation Project

Jowar (Hybrid) Bajari (Hybrid) Paddy Drilled

Groundnut Chillies Vegetables

29.09

27.27

9.09

3.64

5.45


irrigation Project

Jowar Local Rabi Jowar Hybrid Rabi

Gram Peas Vegetable/Onion

Other/Potatoes

38.47


Paddy Drilled

Vegetables


Jowar Hybrid Rabi

Vegetable/Onion

Net water requirement for consumptive use of crops is worked out by

deducting effective rainfall from crop water requirement, suitable adjustment

for drying out before harvesting of crops have also been made while working

out net crop water requirement at field. In these studies watered computer

programme developed by South Asia Department of World Bank has been

used. The net water requirement so worked out is converted in to demand at

the canal head, by assuming the field efficiency at 65% and conveyance at

75%.32

3.3 Functioning of kukadi canal irrigation department

Kukadi canal irrigation Department no.2 Tal. Shrigonda Dist.-

Ahmednagar. In which come under Ghod and Kukadi left bank canal

command area from 114km. to 178km. and visapur medium project. One

minor project, five K.T. wares, on Ghod in Pune district and one K.T. Ware at

Kapse wasti and eight minor canal projects come under this management.

The dam, Ghod has built up at in between Chinchani Tal.- Shirur Dist.-

Pune and along with Vadgaon Tal.- Shrigonda Dist.- A. Nagar on Ghod river.

The total water storage of Ghod project is nearly 216.31m.c.ft. And useful is

154.80m.c.ft. This project brings under the 14310 hectare Ahmednagar and

6190 hectare area of Pune district, total 20500 hectare area comes under

irrigation.

The length of Kukadi Left Bank Canal from 114km. in Ahmednagar and

Solapur districts brings under irrigation about 52838 hectare and 24562

hectare area respectively. At presently, PWD has transformed the area under

178km. to irrigation department for irrigation. The area From 178km only

water used to fill dams for drinking water as follows the order of senior office

canal committee and collector office .

Currently, Visapur medium project is included in Kukadi canal. Its water

storage capacity is nearly 922Mcft. and brings under irrigation about 5388

hectare area.

Five minor projects in Shrigonda and three minor projects in Karjat

Tahsils come under the command area of Kukadi canal. Its total water

storage capacity is about 16.45mm3 and 3288 hectare area comes under

irrigation. As the same, there is a K.T. Wares at Kapase wasti which provide

water for irrigation about 267 hectare areas. Total water storage capacity of

this dam is nearly 1.38mm3.

In the year 2009-10, the committee of canal irrigation made a decision

on 15/10/2011 that all the minor and medium projects such as Ghod, Visapur

are be filled before Rabi season with full capacity.

In Rabi season project-wise area irrigated in Shrigonda Tahsil as

follows Ghod Project 11606 hectare, Kukadi Project 24722 hectare, Visapur

medium project 3956 hectare, minor projects 1028 hectare, K.T Wares 1014

hectare, total irrigated area is 39714 hectare.

The canal irrigation committee made a decision that two rotations

should be provided from Ghod and Kukadi left bank canal in summer season

with available water storage. With that decision, two rotations are supplied.

In summer season project-wise area irrigated in Shrigonda Tahsil as

follows Ghod project 4797.45 hectare, Kukadi project 5768.30 hectare,

Visapur project 2850 hectare, Minor projects 651 hectare, K.T. Wares 1000

hectares, total 15060 hectare area irrigated.33The report of stored water of

Kukadi, Ghod, Visapur and other minor projects in Shrigonda Tahsil dated on

08/09/2010 is as follows in year 2009-10, there was a heavy rainfall in Kukadi

watershed. So the other dams and reservoirs made full with the water of

overflows.

3.4 Conclusion

The researcher made an attempt to study the history of kukadi project,

its features and benefits for the irrigated area. This study is much closer with

the statement of the problem.

Table No. 3.9 Kukadi project present storage condition

Sr.

No.

Name of the Dam Level of Dam Total water storage Useful water storage

Total

level

(Mtrs.)

Present

level

(Mtrs.)

Total

water

storage

(M.Cum.)

Present

water

storage

(M.Cum.)

Total

water

storage

(M.cum.)

Present

water

storage

(M.Cum)

Percentage

of useful

water

1 Yedgaon Dam Tal. Junner

Dist. Pune

641.0 640.9 93.4 92.4 79.2 78.3 98.7

2 Manikdoh Dam Tal. Junner

Dist. Pune

711.2 711.2 307.9 308.0 288.1 288.1 100

3 Wadaj Dam Tal. Junner

Dist. Pune

717.5 719.5 35.9 36.02 33.1 33.2 100

4 Dimbhe Dam Tal.

Ambegaon Dist. Pune

719.1 719.1 382.0 381.8 353.7 352.5 99.9

Sr.

No.

Name of the Dam Level of Dam Total water storage Useful water storage

Total

level

(Mtrs.)

Present

level

(Mtrs.)

Total

water

storage

(M.Cum.)

Present

water

storage

(M.Cum.)

Total

water

storage

(M.cum.)

Present

water

storage

(M.Cum)

Percentage

of useful

water

5 Pimpalgaonjoge Dam Tal.

Ambegaon Dist. Pune

686.8 686.8 217.9 235.5 92.6 110.3 100

6 Ghod Dam Tal. Shirur Dist.

Pune

548.6 548.5 216.6 213.9 154.8 152.4 98.5

7 Visapur Dam Tal.

Shrigonda Dist.

Ahmednagar

607.2 607.2 26.1 25.61 26.10 25.61 100

Total 904.6 904.6

Source: kukadi irrigation division No. 2, Shrigonda dated 9/9/2006 report page no. 3-4

REFERENCES

1. Marathi Vishwakosh, (2000) Dams and weirs, Vol. 8, p. 1

2. Marathi Vishwakosh, (2007) Water supply, Vol. 9, p. 501

3. Marathi Vishwakosh, (2000) Dams & weirs, Vol. 8, p.1, L.1-2

4. Marathi Vishwakosh, (2007) Water supply, vol. 9, Pp. 501-502

5. Ibid, Pp. 504

6. Sharma & Coutinho (1999), ‘Economic and Commercial Geography’, John Hopkins University press,Pp. 64-67

7. Marathi Vishwakosh, Dams and weirs, Vol. 8, p. 2

8. Kumbhare Arjun, (2003), ‘Agriculture Geography’, Payal Publication Pune, Pp.57-59

9. Ibid, Pp. 62-64

10. Ibid, P. 69

11. Ibid, Pp.71-73

12. Sharma & Coutinho (1999), ‘Economic and Commercial Geography’,John Hopkins University press, Pp. 68-70

13. Kumbhare Arjun, (2003), ‘Agriculture Geography’, Payal Publication Pune, P. 70

14. District statistic department (2003-04), ‘Socio-Economic Survey of Ahmednagar ’, Pp. 45-46

15. Ibid, Pp. 47-48

16. Kukadi irrigation project (2006),Department of irrigation,Government of Maharashtra, ‘General Description and History’ , vol. II, p.1

17. Ibid, p. 2

18. Kukadi irrigation project (2006),Department of irrigation,Government of Maharashtra, ‘Head works’ , vol. II, Pp. 37,38

19. Ibid, page no. 39










29. Kukadi irrigation project (2006),Department of irrigation,Government of Maharashtra, ‘Construction Programme and Organisation’ , vol. II, Pp. 181,182,186

30. Kukadi irrigation project (2006),Department of irrigation,Government of

Maharashtra, ‘Canal & Distribution System’, vol. II, Pp. 80-84


Maharashtra, ‘Water planning, vol. II, p. 23

32. Ibid, Pp. 26,28


Maharashtra, ‘Divisional office no. 1(Narayangaon) report , vol. II, Pp.1-5

13 Chapter III Kukadi Canal Irrigation Project - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/13221/13/13_ chapter iii... · a dam on kaveri river known as great ‘Anie-kattu-grand

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