13-1 Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition Rod R. Seeley Idaho State University Trent D. Stephens Idaho State University Philip Tate Phoenix College Copyright.
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13-1
Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition
Rod R. SeeleyIdaho State UniversityTrent D. StephensIdaho State UniversityPhilip TatePhoenix College
• Ventricles: Lateral ventricles (2), third ventricle, fourth ventricle
• Choroid plexuses produce CSF which fills ventricles and other parts of brain and spinal cord– Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier: Substances do not pass between
cells but through due to tight junctions of blood endothelial cells
13-15
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
• Similar to serum with most of proteins removed
• Bathes brain and spinal cord
• Provides a protective cushion around CNS
• Provides some nutrients to CNS tissues
• Produced by ependymal cells
13-16
Flow of CSF
13-17
Brain Blood Supply
• Brain – Requires tremendous amount of blood– Receives 15-20% of blood pumped by heart– Interruption can cause unconsciousness and irreversible
brain damage– High metabolic rate and dependence on constant supply
of oxygen and glucose– Receives blood through arteries
• Blood-Brain barrier– Capillary endothelial cells along with astrocytes and
basement membrane– To be considered when developing drugs
13-18
Formation of the Neural Tube
13-19
Development of Brain Segments and Ventricles
13-20
Cranial Nerves
• Indicated by Roman numerals I-XII from anterior to posterior
• May have one or more of 3 functions– Sensory (special or general)
– Somatic motor (skeletal muscles)
– Parasympathetic (regulation of glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle)