-
Edge of Bitumen
Centreline
Edge of Bitumen
Shoulder
Verge
Shoulder
Table Drain 1
Table Drain 2
Cut Interface
2 5 5 2 1 VariesVaries0.5
1
1 in 3
FLAT INVERT 1 in 2 3% 4% 5%
1 in 3
CUT
FINAL CUT FIXED FINAL FILL
FILL
1 2 d M o d e l C o u r s e N o t e s
T r a i n i n g Co u r s eT r a i n i n g Co u r s eT r a i n i
n g Co u r s eT r a i n i n g Co u r s e
S URSURSURSURVEY P ROC EDUR E S V E Y P ROC EDUR E S V E Y P ROC
EDUR E S V E Y P ROC EDUR E S PART 2 PART 2 PART 2 PART 2
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
February 2010
12d Model Civil and Surveying Software
Extra Dimension Solutions
1 2 d M o d e l C o u r s e N o t e s
These notes were prepared by Tony Ingold and may be copied by an
individual for
personal use but MAY NOT be distributed by any business or
individual other than
Extra Dimension Solution (EXDS) Pty Ltd.
Disclaimer
These notes MAY NOT be used as the basis for a course of formal
instruction
without written permission from Extra Dimension Solution (EXDS)
Limited.
Extra Dimension Solution (EXDS) Pty Ltd is an authorised
distributor of 12d Model.
Disclaimer 12d Model is supplied without any express or implied
warranties whatsoever.
No warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is offered.
No liabilities in respect of engineering details and quantities
produced by 12d Model
is accepted.
Finally, these notes have benefited from the feedback of others,
and so indirectly have
you. If you felt that any part of these notes were difficult to
understand, not clear, or
would benefit from more examples, or if you have any other
comments at all,
then please let me know. My email is [email protected]
These course notes are available as a download from
www.exds.com.au
Gareth Sivright February 2010
Copyright 2006 Extra Dimension Solution (EXDS) Pty Ltd All
rights reserved
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
February 2010 Page
212d Model Civil and Surveying Software
Extra Dimension Solutions
T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s 1 Triangulating Survey
data..................................................................................................................
3
1.1
CREATING A
TIN...................................................................................................................................................................
3
1.2
VIEW QUICK CONTOURS
.....................................................................................................................................................
5
1.3 FLIP
TRIANGLES...................................................................................................................................................................
6 1.4 RE-TRIANGULATING THE SURVEY
DATA..................................................................................................................................
7 1.5
NULLING TRIANGLES
............................................................................................................................................................
8
1.6
CREATING AND USING A BOUNDARY
STRING..........................................................................................................................
9
2 Create and Label Contour Strings
..................................................................................................
11 3
Labelling Vertices
.............................................................................................................................
14
3.1
CREATE THE LABEL MAP FILE
.............................................................................................................................................
14
3.2
USING THE LABEL MAP FILE (LABEL
ELEVATIONS)................................................................................................................
16
4 Sending Data to CAD Plotting and Export
..................................................................................
17 4.1 EXPORT VS PLOT
...............................................................................................................................................................
17 4.2
PLOTTING
..........................................................................................................................................................................
17
4.3
EXPORT TO
AUTOCAD.......................................................................................................................................................
19
5 Stockpile Volumes
............................................................................................................................
21 5.1 READ IN THE DATA
.............................................................................................................................................................
21 5.2
CREATE THE TIN
................................................................................................................................................................
22
5.3
TIN TO TIN
VOLUMES..........................................................................................................................................................
23
6 Setout
.................................................................................................................................................
26 6.1
CREATE AND LABEL SETOUT
POINTS...................................................................................................................................
26
6.2
EDIT
LABELS......................................................................................................................................................................
28
6.3
TABULATION
......................................................................................................................................................................
28
7 House Setout
.....................................................................................................................................
29 7.1
CREATING POINTS
.............................................................................................................................................................
29
7.2
CREATING DXF
.................................................................................................................................................................
30
7.3
UPLOADING POINTS AND DXF
..............................................................................................................................................
31
8 Non-Projection to Projection Coordinates
.....................................................................................
35 9
Symbols
.............................................................................................................................................
36
9.1
CREATING SYMBOLS
..........................................................................................................................................................
36
9.2 UPLOADING SYMBOLS
........................................................................................................................................................
38
10 Creating Lots By Entering Bearings and Distances
.....................................................................
39 11
Appendix B Boxing / Sub-grade Development
...........................................................................
43
11.1
BOXING / SUB-GRADE DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
...........................................................................................................
43
11.2 CREATING BOXING / SUB-GRADE STRINGS
.....................................................................................................................
43
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
3
Extra Dimension Solutions
1 Triangulating Survey data.
1.1 Creating a Tin
During Topographic Survey I we had a brief look at eliminating
crossing breaklines, which is part of the triangulation
process.
We continue the process by creating a Tin.
Choose Tins => Create=> Triangulate data. The triangulate
panel will appear
and needs to be filled out. Under the General tab choose a
suitable name and press enter,
this will automatically give the same name to the model with a
prefix tin. Also select a colour
and line style for the tin. Under the Data tab select the view
for
triangulation.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
4
Extra Dimension Solutions
Under the Nulling tab one can tick the check box and
apply nulling to triangles that do not fit the desired
criterias. You can edit these values.
We will touch on nulling again at a later stage.
Select the button, and your survey data will be
triangulated. To see the triangles on the view you need
to the model to your view. The view should look simular to
this.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
5
Extra Dimension Solutions
1.2 View Quick Contours
Youll see the tin model has overlayed all the other models.
There is way to re-order
the models. At the top left corner of the screen select the
button, walk right on models and select Model order.
It is a good idea to add quick contours to
a view as a check of the survey and triangulation. First one
needs to set the contour parameters.
Choose the button at the top left
corner of the screen, walk right on settings again on
tins and select
Contours.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
6
Extra Dimension Solutions
1.3 Flip Triangles
Fill in the contour increments and colours for the major
and minor contours. Tick the Draw contours box and
press the button.
If the contours are not running smoothly there is a way of
flipping triangles that could make the contours appear to be
more correct. Under Tins=>Edit=> Flip triangles. Select
the
tin name and choose
the tin to be edited.
Before flipping triangles turn off both the line and point
snaps.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
7
Extra Dimension Solutions
1.4 Re-triangulating the Survey data.
Once any crossing breaklines have been dealt with, the data
should be re-triangulated. Choose Tins => Edit => Tin.
When the panel appears one needs to select the tin to be re-
triangulated, in our case
dtm.
Under the Data tab, one will now find all the models that
were
triangulated in view 1 are now listed. Models can be added
or
deleted.
Select the
button.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
8
Extra Dimension Solutions
1.5 Nulling Triangles
Before we go any further we need to remove any long
triangles and any other triangles we do not want in the tin.
Under Tins => Null there are a number of options to null
triangles. We are going to take a look at a couple.
Select by angle/length.
This option will eliminate any
long/thin triangles. Select the tin dtm. We are going to
change the length from 100 to 25 and the angle from 5 to
10. Select the
button and youll see the unwanted triangles disappear.
The next option we are going to take a look at will be by
string.
Select the tin dtm. Choose
the button and select the polyline option. Tick the check box
for Null on accept of string. On the view click and drag the
polyline through the triangles to be nulled. Accept your
selection and the triangles
will disappear.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
9
Extra Dimension Solutions
1.6 Creating and Using a Boundary String
The final option we are going to take a look at is
by points. This option not only allows you to null triangles but
also reset
any triangles you have previously nulled. Select the tin dtm.
Under the null mode one can either select Null or Reset. To reset a
triangle, click and accept in the area where the triangle used to
be. The triangle will re-appear.
Accept
Once the long, thin and unwanted triangles have been nulled, it
is often useful to create a boundary string around the tin, and to
specify that 12d Model use that boundary string whenever the data
is re-triangulated. The
boundary string can also be useful during volume and area
calculations. To create a boundary around an existing tin, use
Tins=> Boundary.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
10
Extra Dimension Solutions
Choose the tin dtm, under the Model for boundaries one can enter
a new model or and existing model. We have called it tin dtm bdy,
1, by adding the ,1 to the end it will automatically appear on your
view 1 without having
to add it. Select the button and the boundary will appear.
Lastly we need to tell the triangulation of the boundary weve
created.
Under the Nulling tab on the Retriangulate tin panel, select the
button. Zoom into the view, pick and accept the boundary string
and
.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
11
Extra Dimension Solutions
2 Create and Label Contour Strings
The contours that become visible when you toggle Tin Contours on
are not strings. The contour lines are simply a way of displaying
the tin. The lines are known as
Quick Contours and will change instantly when the tin changes.
The Quick Contours may be plotted to paper, but cannot be exported
to AutoCAD, as they are not real strings. The Quick Contours cannot
be labelled, edited, inquired, or
deleted. To do any of these things, we must create contour
strings from the tin.
Choose Tins=>Contour=>Contour, Smooth and Label
To make the Contouring process a function, fill in the Function
name panel. Select the Tin
to contour, dtm. Under the Contours tab, give the contours a
Model (to be stored in) Contour, an
increment 0.5 and a colure Red. Tick the Smooth contours box.
Under the Major Contours tab, give the
major contour a Model name Contours Major, an increment 2.5 and
a colure Blue.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
12
Extra Dimension Solutions
Under the Label tab, tick the Label major contours only box. For
the Label method, we are going to select the Line removal &
centred line facing up
hill choice. The start distance and separation will depend on
the survey, for now well set them both to 25. Leave the Label start
and end box ticked. The Textstyle data will appear with a list of
your favourites, select ISO 2
centre then select [Edit], here one can edit everything about
the label.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
13
Extra Dimension Solutions
Notes:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Once everything is filled in, press the button. The Contours
and
Contours Major models need to be added to the view.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
14
Extra Dimension Solutions
3 Labelling Vertices
3.1 Create the Label Map File
Often points in the survey need to be annotated. Typically
natural surface points are annotated with the elevation of the
point. There are two ways to
label vertices in 12d Model. - 1: String
=>Label=>Vertices. This is the way to go if there only
one or two strings to be labelled. Its quick and easy.
- 2: Using a Label Map File. This is useful if you going to be
labelling the same things again and again.
This is recommended for surveyors. Using a Label map file to
label points, involves setting up the label map file then applying
the label map file. Labelling is applied to point based on the
name
(code) of the point.
The Label Map File will add text to the job. The text can
describe:
- The elevation of a point (Height Text) - The point code (Name
Text) - The point number (Point No. Text)
- Any notes (attribute) that were added during the survey
(Vertex Text)
The label map file does not create the labels, it simply sets up
style (colure, angle, font etc) of the text to be used. The style
used for the label is based on the Key (the code). The label map
file can also place symbols at points.
Select File I/O => Label Map File.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
15
Extra Dimension Solutions
Notes:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If you have a Label Map File that has previously been created,
click on the
button, select the .lmf file and press button. This will load up
the existing label
map file, one can easily edit the existing file before using it.
We going to have a look at creating a new Label Map File from
scratch.
Creating a Label Map File is very simular to creating the Map
file we did when we were reducing the survey. Begin with giving the
Label Map file a name, Survey.
Select the Height Text Data tab, here we can assign height text
to certain codes. If you right click on the Key button, there are a
number of ways to populate the column. If you only want to add
height text to one or two, it will be easier to fill them
in manually. The code we want to apply height text to is NS,
fill out the rest of the setting for the text style. Under the
other tabs, you can choose more data to be used for the label. For
example under the Vertex Attribute Text Data one could place text
of the specie of tree you picked up.
Once completing the Label map file, select the button to save
the lmf.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
16
Extra Dimension Solutions
3.2 Using the Label Map File (Label Elevations)
Now that we have created the Label Map File we need to tell 12d
Model to use it. Select File I/O =>Use Label Map File. The data
in view 1 will be used for the labelling operation. If the data is
not in the view it will not be labelled. The data will be labelled
in accordance with the Survey.lmf (one we created). The lmf only
has instructions to label points with a code of
NS, so only these points will be labelled. The height
(elevation) of the NS points will be labelled, because the Height
panel is filled in.
the pieces of text will be placed into a model
named Height txt. Press the button and
the height txt model to your view.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
17
Extra Dimension Solutions
4 Sending Data to CAD Plotting and Export
4.1 Export vs Plot
4.2 Plotting
4.2.1 Quick Plot
12d Model can plot to paper. It is also possible to plot a dwg
(AutoCAD), dgn (Microstation) and a variety of other formats. If
you plot to a dwg file, and open it in AutoCAD, you will find
that:
- The co ordinate system one was using in 12d Model has been
replaced with the system of (0,0) at the bottom left corner of the
page, and the top right has the co ordinate equal to the size of
the paper.
- All the data will be on one layer. - The scale will not be 1:1
the data will be scaled as per the specified when
plotting from 12d model.
Plotting to an AutoCAD drawing is best used for output of Long
and Cross
Sections.
If you choose to Export the data, the result will be more
correct but sometimes not as practical. The co ordinate system, the
origin, and the scale will be the same you used in 12d Model.
Exporting to AutoCAD is usually the best use for Plans.
We are going to discuss three ways you can plot: - Quick
Plot
- Quick Sheet Plot
- Plot Frames A quick way to access the plotting options is
to
select the button at the top of your screen.
Quick plot will simply take what ever you
have on a plan view, and send it to the plotter at a specified
scale. (Also known as an intelligent screen dump.) If you only
want to plot a specific area press the
button on the plot panel. This will allow you to draw a
rectangle around the area you want to plot. You can either plot to
a
plotter, AutoCAD file or a model.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
18
Extra Dimension Solutions
4.2.2 Quick Sheet Plot
4.2.3 Plot Frames
This option is very simular to the Quick Plot but this time
12d
Model gives you a sheet at the size you select (A1; A4 etc).
One is able to position the sheet over the area you want to
plot,
and then select the scale. In this option there is an
opportunity to insert two lines of title.
This option is an advanced option of the Quick sheet plot. In
this case you need to create a plot frame and then
send to the plotter whatever is in the plot frame. Once you have
created a plot frame you may save it and use it
many times. Select Plot=>Plot Frames => Create, the New
Plot Frame Create will appear. Fill in the
panel in the normal manor, select a title file (either your
companies or a 12d Model one) then give the frame a
model, colure, scale, size and margins. For the origin, click
and accept
anywhere on the drawing, you will be able to reposition at a
later stage.
Select button and add the
Model to the view.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
19
Extra Dimension Solutions
4.3 Export to AutoCAD.
Once you have created the Frame and added it to the view you
will see the Create panel changes to an Edit
Panel. Here one is able to rotate and translate the frame. To
tell 12d Model
to plot the frame, select the button and then the Plot
Frames
option. The Plot Frame PPF Editor will appear, this is where you
will select the frame, title box and destination for
the plot. It is often a good idea to plot it to a model first as
a preview before
sending it to a plotter or AutoCAD.
Exporting is possibly the better option when dealing
with plans. Select File I/O => Data output =>
DWG/DXF/DXB.
When the Write DWG/DXF panel appears you see there is a fair
amount to fill in but it is all pretty straight
forward.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
20
Extra Dimension Solutions
The Data to write is where you choose what
data you want to output. Generally view is a
good option, and the lasso can be useful. Format, you can output
in dwg, dxf and bdxf. Choose dwg unless there is a good reason for
you
not to. Version, choose the version of AutoCAD that you
or your client is using. File name, this will be the name of the
dwg file that will be written.
Template, a template is a blank AutoCAD drawing, containing
linestyles, textstyles, and possibly a title sheet. It is saved as
a .dwt
extension.
General tab: Dimension, 2d (all elevations are set to zero)
or
3d (points with elevations have their elevations sent to the dwg
file). If you want to export a picture choose 2d, and if you want
to export a
model choose 3d. Use blocks for point styles means that AutoCAD
will create a block out of any symbol 12d Model outputs.
Colours/Linetypes by layer: In AutoCAD colours or linetypes often
divide up the layers.
The rest of the tab can be left as is.
Text/Attributes tab: This panel give you control over the
creation of
the text labels at the vertices of the survey. Select a label
map file you have created, tick the text you would like to add and
give the layer a
name where it will be stored.
Advanced tab: In this panel one can change a few settings to
personalise the output. The point style and size can be changed
and the way in which the model names are exported.
One can leave these options set with the default settings, and
the output will still be fine. Once everything is filled in the
final command will
be to the file.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
21
Extra Dimension Solutions
5 Stockpile Volumes
5.1 Read in the Data
For the volume exercise we are going to open a new project. The
project location is,
C:\12d\9.00\EXDS_Training\12d-2S1_Survey_Procedures\ Give your
project a suitable name and select proceed. In this project you
will find two
12da data files. One is a survey of the existing ground and the
other is a survey of stockpile (A 12da file is 12d Models Ascii
file.)
Under File I/O => Data input => 12da/4da data. The files
we going
to read in are located in the user library. Walk right on
[UserLib] and
select Stockpile Existing Surface. It is a good idea to enter a
pre*postfix for the models when
dealing with volumes to distinguish
between models. the data in.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
22
Extra Dimension Solutions
5.2 Create the Tin
Once the data from the existing survey is on the view, one needs
to triangulate the NS points. Under Tins =>
Create=>Triangulate data. Fill in the panel as we have done
before, perhaps naming the tin existing. Create and add the tin to
the view. If the tin looks fine remove
the all the data from the view . Now we need to import the
stockpile
survey in the same manor.
This time we want to read in the Stockpile.12da file. Give the
models a prefix of stockpile. Triangulate this data too. When
creating a tin for the stockpile, make sure you give it a different
name to the existing tin, a different colour, and when choosing the
data to triangulate
ensure the existing survey models have been removed from the
view. When nulling the
triangles choose the Null Polygon option and select the Topo BB
string. Once the tin has
been created it should look simular to this.
If you add the existing tin to the view you
can see the stockpile, does not exceed the
boundary of the existing survey.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
23
Extra Dimension Solutions
5.3 Tin to Tin Volumes
5.3.1 Exact
The two ways we are going to have a look at for obtaining
volumes from two tins are: - Exact (compares overlapping
triangles)
- End Area (creates cross sections between two tins)
Under Design=>Volumes => Exact => Tin to Tin. This is
an extremely quick and easy option
to obtain volumes. When the panel appears, select your original
and new tins. Fill in the
report file panel to create a report. We are going to use a
polygon, choose the string
option then pick and accept the
TOPO BB string. Select
and the report will appear.
There is an option to create a Range file,
where one is able to divide up the volume result into layers
depending on height or depth from the existing surface
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
24
Extra Dimension Solutions
5.3.2 End Area
It is always a good idea to compare the volume calculations by
another method, to avoid
gross errors. Even thou it is believed the Exact method is more
accurate, there are times
when it is not logical to use that method. Under Design =>
Volumes => End Area => Tin
to Tin. This method uses cross section to calculate the volume,
so the closer you make the
sections the more accurate your answer will be.
The End Area panel is very simular to the Exact panel, again we
select the
two tins. One would try set the Angle for sections to be
perpendicular to the shape of the stockpile. As mentioned
the accuracy of the calculations depends on the distance between
sections. We going to create models for the original and new tin
sections, so we can view them in a sectional view as a visual
check. We are going to select the TOPO BB string as the polygon,
and use the same name for the report file as we had in the
Exact
calculation. Select the button,
you should receive a warning saying the stockpile.rpt file
exists, choose the
append option.
The results are very simular, which
is a good thing.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
25
Extra Dimension Solutions
5.3.3 Viewing the Cross Sections
Notes:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If for some reason there is a discrepancy between the two
results its a good to idea to view the cross sections as a visual
check. View=>Create=>Section view. Add
both tins to the section view, change the view exaggeration to .
Choose the
cross section tab then select and accept the section you want to
view.
By using the arrow buttons one can move through all the sections
to ensure there are no abnormalities.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
26
Extra Dimension Solutions
6 Setout
6.1 Create and Label Setout Points
Creating setout data in 12d Model is a two-stage operation: -
Create a model of uniquely numbered setout points. These will be
copies of
the design points. - Create an upload file from the uniquely
numbered points.
For this exercise we going to create a new job and import a 12da
file. Under C:\12d\9.00\EXDS_Training\12d-2S1_Survey_Procedures\
select the design.12da file. It is a basic road design that we are
going to use to create some setout points.
Select Survey => Setout => Setout point using super
string, when the panel appears under Create Pts one can set the
start number, point offset, number offset
and a prefix for each point/label. Next select , in this panel
one can select the textstyle, colour, if the points and numbers are
to be circled and finally in which model they will be stored. Now
one needs to tell 12d Model which string/point
you want to label.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
27
Extra Dimension Solutions
Select the button, pick
and accept the Design cl alignment. An alignment string has no
points on it, (only at I.Ps and T.Ps) the routine recognisers this
and gives you the option to create
setout points evenly spaced by a number or equal distance apart
or at the chainages given in a special
chainage file. For our example we are going to use by a distance
of
10.
You will see the cl alignment has a point and label every 10
meters. Setout and label points every 10m on the other cl alignment
running north south. The numbers should
have begun on 27 and ended on 32 for the second cl line.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
28
Extra Dimension Solutions
6.2 Edit Labels
6.3 Tabulation
Under the Edit Pts tab, one can move the labels, reverse the
numbering and add or
delete points to the setout string.
Under Tabulation one is able to place a table of
the setout co-ordinates on the view as well as create a .xyz
file. Choose the
Setout pnts string, select a suitable location on the view for
the table to be placed. Give the table a heading and name the model
for the table.
Process and Place Text.
Be aware that the points on the Setout Pnts string are a copy of
the points in
the design. If the design changes, the setout string will need
to be deleted,
and recreated from the new design points.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
29
Extra Dimension Solutions
7 House Setout
7.1 Creating Points
We are going to create a basic house plan within 12d Model. Then
export a .dxf and some setout points up onto a few instruments.
At coordinates 1000 1000 create a square plot of 100m by 100m.
By using offsets and bearing/distance inputs create the footprint
of the house with the
dimensions below.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
30
Extra Dimension Solutions
7.2 Creating DXF
To create setout points we going to use the same function we
used for the road. Survey => Setout => Setout Points using
Super String First pick and accept the house then the garage. You
should have 14 setout
points.
Most instrument now days have the capability to load dxf
drawings as background images. File I/O => Output =>
DWG/DXF/DXB. Select the
model of your house and name the .dxf file.
It is always good to check the dxf drawing in a CAD package if
you have one.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
31
Extra Dimension Solutions
7.3 Uploading Points and dxf
7.3.1 Leica 1200
To load the points up under Survey => Leica => 1200 =>
Strings Give the job a name; this is the name that will appear on
the instrument, select the Standard Transition map, check the
Folder for DBXs defaults to the job
folder and select the Setout model as your data string.
Once the dbx and dxf files have been created, its simply copying
the files from
your job folder to your Pcmcia flash card.
The dxf drawing is placed into the Data folder on the card and
the dbx file into
the DBX folder.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
32
Extra Dimension Solutions
7.3.2 Trimble TSC
On the instrument open the job you created while exporting the
points. Import the dxf file into the
job. If you take a look at the view the map on your 1200 youll
see the
dxf and points.
The easiest way to get the points onto the Trimble Survey
Controller is via the Trimble Link. Connect your instrument to your
PC via active sync.
Survey => Upload => Create Point upload file (new)
Tick this box if your Jigger is connected.
Select OK when
the panel appears warning you about
the coordinate system.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
33
Extra Dimension Solutions
If your instrument is connected to your PC via
Active Sync, you can send the data straight onto the instrument,
or
load the data onto a data card, which can be loaded onto the
instrument at a later stage. Type in a file
name and save.
The house.dxf file cant be uploaded via Trimble Link. Once
the
instrument is connected via Active sync the dxf file needs to be
copied
into Trimble Data file on the instrument.
On the instrument open the job containing the points we uploaded
via Trimble Link. To
view the dxf file select the Active map button and choose
the house.dxf.
If all the data has been uploaded correctly the map
should show all the data.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
34
Extra Dimension Solutions
7.3.3 Topcon TopSURV
To get the point file up onto the Topcon select the option
Survey => Upload =>
Create Point upload file. Select the Topcon GTS-700 as the
instrument choice.
Choose the Setout model for the data source. Give the file a
name, but before writing the
file select the Get Point Range, this is a good way to check you
are writing out the correct data
and not missing any points. Write the file.
The .gts7 and .dxf file must be copied from the job folder and
placed into the IEFiles folder on
the instrument. On the instrument the points and dxf are
imported into the job via
=> . Once the points and dxf are successfully loaded the map
should look as
follows.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
35
Extra Dimension Solutions
8 Non-Projection to Projection Coordinates
Often we will perform a survey on a local grid system and before
we send it onto a client or set the points out we need to convert
them to correct projected
coordinates. We are going to take a really simple example. We
are going to import a 12da. File I/O => 12da/4da data the file
to read is Non Projection.12da The file contains two models, Non
project and Surv Peg.
When converting coordinate systems its a good idea to create
two plan views, one containing the non-projected data and
the other view containing the projected points.
Under Survey => Geodetics => Non-Projection to
Projection.
Data to change, NON PROJECT, choose the projection off the list
we going with
MGA94 Zone 56. The plane origin point can be entered manually or
picked off the screen along with the corresponding
projected origin point. Target for projected data will be a new
model, PROJECTED BDY. Process and add the
new model to the projected data view.
Once the new projected data has been added to the view zoom into
the checkpoint to ensure the correct projection has been applied.
So what has happen
here is a translation from one coordinate system to another and
scale factor has been applied from the projection. Projected
coordinates can be converted
to non-projected in the same manor.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
36
Extra Dimension Solutions
9 Symbols
9.1 Creating Symbols
In the 12d Model library there are loads of symbols that one can
load onto your plan. It is also very easy to create your own
symbols and store them in the library. Anything
can be saved as a symbol, but for now we are just going to draw
a simple 1-by1 block
with a few lines in it.
You can either open a new project or use the
one you are busy with. It is also useful to place a 1 by 1 grid
onto the plan
view, to use as guidelines. To generate a grid, select
the button at the top left of the screen, walk
right on Settings and select Grid. Tick the grid draw box
change
the grid x and y to 1.
the new settings and finish. Now in a 1 by
1 grid box draw a symbol.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
37
Extra Dimension Solutions
Once you have completed drawing the symbol, you now need to save
it as a
symbol, so it can be used more than once. Select Projects
=>Tree => Project
symbols => Symbols then double click on Create symbol. The
Symbol Create/Edit/Delete panel will appear. We are using the
create option, give the symbol a name, under group one can either
create a new group or save it in an existing one. The Symbol type
refers to the size or the how many points the symbol will cover,
for example a gate will cover two points. There are a number of
ways to select the data to
input. We are going to use the
Lasso to capture the data.
Once you have selected the data you
want to use for the symbol, and if
you want the symbol to your user
library.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
38
Extra Dimension Solutions
9.2 Uploading Symbols
To use this Control Point symbol you have created, walk right on
Cad symbols and select Create Symbol. When the Typed Input panel
appears select the
icon, scroll down to the group where your symbol has been placed
and
select the symbol. Test => Control Pnt.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
39
Extra Dimension Solutions
10 Creating Lots By Entering Bearings and Distances
There are often cases when we are given a Deposited Plan and
required to create a cadastral boundary model. By entering the
bearings and distances,
then using 12d Model lot creation and labelling it is a simple
process. Well look
at DP 266151 lots 271 276.
Under Survey => Extras => Bearing/distance entry fill
in
the top half of the panel in the usual manor then select a
beginning point and move around
the parameter of the lots entering each bearing and distance.
You many enter negative distance to reverse a direction. Once all
the bearings and distances have been entered select the process
button and add the model to the view. Once you have processed the
data it is easy to edit any value and
reprocess.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
40
Extra Dimension Solutions
Now with a little cad editing one can add the lot dividing
boundaries. There is often the
need to move and rotate the boundary model into the correct
orientation and position.
These modifications can be found under Strings => Cad =>
Modify. Now to create the
lots and text select Design => Estate/Lots => Create Lots
=> Create by picking points
inside. Fill in the panel in the usual manor. Click and
accept
in the centre of the lot.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
41
Extra Dimension Solutions
Add the LOTS model to your view. The next step is to assign
lot numbers to the lots. Lot numbers => Create lot numbers.
Choose the LOTS
model, the number and a colour. Pick and accept each lot,
ensuring you pick the lot
and not the Cadastral Bdy.
Creating labels for the bearings, distances and areas, select
Label Lots=> Lot Labelling. In the library there is a
default.laf, select this file and Read it in, you may want to edit
these settings and then
save the new edited version. Select the LOTS model and process.
Finally add the new
label models to your view.
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
42
Extra Dimension Solutions
NOTES
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
43
Extra Dimension Solutions
11 Appendix B Boxing / Sub-grade Development 11.1 Boxing /
Sub-grade Development Overview
Boxing is excavation of the subgrade required to allow a road
pavement (concrete or gravel) to be built to
the finished design levels. 12d will allow users to apply boxing
as part of a road template, and this refinement allows bulk
earthworks quantities to be accurately calculated.
It can also allow the designer to provide the builder with level
information for the subgrade construction.
Boxing should be thought of as a series of copied cross sections
commands, beneath the road finished surface level and joined to
produce a surface or surfaces.
11.2 Creating Boxing / Sub-grade Strings
Import a 12da file called road vol.12da using, File I/O =>
Data Input => 12da/4da Data
Turn off the Lot Bdys and tin Ex surf from the view as
shown.
We need to create Cross Sections from these Road Design
Strings.
Use: Design => X-Sections => X-sections from cuts through
strings
Road Design Strings
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
44
Extra Dimension Solutions
The data to cut the cross sections from are the Road and Kerb
Return Strings along with the Alignments.
Open a New Section View, via
View => New => Section and profile one of the Road
Section
strings as shown.
The Ex surf tin has also been
added to the view.
The Road Design now needs to have a
triangulation created to form a surface for the
Road Design.
Use: Tins => Create => Triangulate Data
Use the Road Design Data, strings and sections to create the
triangulated surface.
Road Design Strings and created cross sections
Road Design created Cross Sections
Road Design triangulation
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
45
Extra Dimension Solutions
Next a Stripped surface of 100mm Topsoil removal is
required.
Use: Tins => Utilities => Translate/copy
This panel allows you to copy an existing triangulation and
translate it all within one panel.
The Sub-grade pavement design will be a thickness of 450mm.
To create the Sub-grade pavement strings we will use:
Utilities => H-Z => Translate
We will use the Filter Button to select the data.
Firstly translate the lok (lip of kerb strings), they are all
orange in colour, and are super strings, so use the filter
button to select the 6 strings.
Then translate only the height:
Delta X = 0
Delta Y = 0
Delta Z = -0.45
Stripped 100mm surface tin
Translated Road Design strings
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
46
Extra Dimension Solutions
Now to amend these strings to be 3 lip of kerb strings. The
strings need to be Split, and Joined to form the 3 strings.
NOTE: You can refer back to the exercises in Appendix A on
pages 35 to 38 to see examples of how to Split and Join
Strings.
When you profile the Sections and turn on the Subgrade
Strings Model you can see the translated strings.
The 2 Road Alignment Strings can also be translated by
using the string pick in the Translate panel.
The Pavement Design will be comparable to the sketch below:
Adjusted subgrade strings
Adjusted subgrade strings
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
47
Extra Dimension Solutions
Now the lip of kerb strings need to be paralleled 1 metre to
represent the
base of the kerb.
Use the String Parallel from the Cad
String Toolbar.
Now to finalise the pavement strings we need to calculate
where the pavement will interface with the design road
surface,
somewhere on the footpath above the paralleled strings.
We will use the Interface Function, so we will use:
Design => Apply => Interface
We will set up 3 Interface functions, 1 for each edge of the
subgrade pavement. These strings will be near vertical with
a
slope of 1 to 0.001 and will interface to the Road Design
tin.
Parallel subgrade strings
Interfaced subgrade strings
-
Survey Procedures Part 2
12d Model February 2010 Page Civil and Surveying Software
Distributed by Extra Dimension Solutions
48
Extra Dimension Solutions
We now have the required strings to calculate the subgrade
volume calculations, so we can create a
triangulation of the subgrade surface. Use:
Tin => Create => Triangulate Data
The new Subgrade Tin can then be turned onto the Section View
and see that it matches the Subgrade
strings we created.
With this new Subgrade surface we can then calculate the
pavement volumes for the road design.
Use: Design => Volumes => Exact => Tin to Tin
The volumes can then be calculated between the:
Ex surf tin and Ex surf Stripped 100mm tin for the topsoil
stripping volume
Ex surf Stripped 100mm tin and Subgrade tin for
the excavation quantities to get the site ready for the
pavement to be constructed.
Subgrade tin
and Road
Design tin to
calculate the amount of
pavement material required
for the Road
Design.
Subgrade strings triangulation
Subgrade strings triangulation