12.3 COLLAPSE OF RECONSTRUCTION Objectives: 1.Summarize violent actions by the opponents of Reconstruction 2.Identify reasons for the shift in power from Southern Republicans to Southern Democrats 3.Identify reasons for the collapse of congressional Reconstruction
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12.3 COLLAPSE OF RECONSTRUCTION Objectives: 1.Summarize violent actions by the opponents of Reconstruction 2.Identify reasons for the shift in power from.
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12.3 COLLAPSE OF RECONSTRUCTION Objectives:1.Summarize violent actions by the opponents of Reconstruction2.Identify reasons for the shift in power from Southern Republicans to Southern Democrats3.Identify reasons for the collapse of congressional Reconstruction
OPPOSITION TO RECONSTRUCTION
KU KLUX KLAN
• Formed in 1866
• “secret” society
• Used violence and intimidation
• Used economic warfare▫ What is economic
warfare?Mississippi Klansman, 1871Members of the Ku Klux Klan devised ghoulish costumes to heighten the terror inspired by their acts. This photograph shows the costume of a Mississippi Klansman from 1871.
•Investors borrowed too much money and went bankrupt
•This let off a chain reaction throughout the economy.
•**Within a year: 89 railroads went broke 18,000 companies folded
•Within 5 years, 3 million people had lost their jobs
Reconstruction fades…..•14th Amendment:• “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the
jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.”▫ Only protects rights as citizens of the U.S., most basic civil
rights were obtained through citizenship of the state.▫ Supreme Court says this does not give the Fed. Govt. the right
to punish whites who oppress blacks
•15th Amendment:• “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”▫ Supreme Court says it does not “confer the right to vote upon
anyone” but merely lists grounds on which states cannot deny suffrage.
• Why are these interpretations SO important to African Americans in the South?
Compromise of 1877
• Grant willing to run for 3rd term, but Congress votes 233- to 18 on resolution to discourage him
• Republicans nominate Rutherford B. Hayes, veteran from Ohio
• Democrats nominate Samuel J. Tilden, reformer who convicted Tweed
• Tilden wins 184 of 185 needed votes, with 20 contested electoral votes. Tilden also wins popular vote.
Map: The Presidential Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877