12.1

12.1 FDR and the New

Deal

FDR and the New Deal• In the 1932 election it was Herbert Hoover (R) vs. Franklin D.

Roosevelt (D).• Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) is a distant cousin of Teddy Roosevelt.• FDR was serving as governor of New York state.• FDR won the election with 472 electoral college votes.• Once he became President, he created the “New Deal” which

started helping banks, industry, agriculture, and the poor.• “Throughout the nation men and women, forgotten in the

political philosophy of the Government, look to us here for guidance and for more equitable opportunity to share in the distribution of national wealth... I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people. This is more than a political campaign. It is a call to arms.”

FDR lays the smack down…Electoral votes: 472 -- 59

Life of FDR• He grew up on the Hudson River at his families estate in

Hyde Park NY.• He married a distant cousin named Eleanor Roosevelt.• Teddy Roosevelt was Eleanor’s Uncle, and stood at her

wedding in the place of her father• He served as assistant Secretary of the Navy throughout

WWI.• He got Polio at age 39. This disease would permanently

paralyze his legs.• He is the only President to be elected more than twice. (4

times total: 1932, 36, 40, and 44)

FDR in 1893

1 of known photographs of him in a wheelchair

Franklin with Eleanor/Secretary of the Navy

Sad Marriage• FDR had an affair with Eleanor’s secretary early in their marriage• Nicknamed “Mrs. Johnson” by secret service• Eleanor offered a divorce so that he could be with the women he loved• He promised not to see her…liar• They remained married, but all love was gone• Marriage was political partnership…not love

Together in Hyde Park

Listen to these Speeches

• March 4th, 1933 – Roosevelt takes office (33 days after Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany• 25% of population is unemployed• 2 million are homeless• price of farming crops are down 60%• America is in the worst economic situation it had ever been in

Americans were anxious to see

what FDR would do once he took over. As proven by the election,

he had their confidence.

FDR wanted to end prohibition immediately

First Hundred Days in Office• FDR picked advisers with many different view points so he could

weigh everything equally and make a sound decision. • When he took office there was an immediate bank run and over

4,000 banks collapsed (scared he was gonna lift • On the second day he was in office, he declared a national bank

holiday which closed all banks.• He would make radio speeches to the public known as “fireside

chats.” These talks helped restore confidence.• He would begin with “Hello friends” and they became more

popular than any of the famous shows during this “Golden Age of Radio”

• During this time Congress passed 15 acts to help the crisis of the Depression.

• These Acts are what is known as the New Deal.

Examples of the New Deal1. The Emergency Banking Relief

- This issued Treasury Department licenses to banks2. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

- Regulated the stock market and prevented fraud3. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

- Provided government insurance for bank deposits up to a certain amount 4. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

- Gave money to farmers not to grow certain crops to raise demand5. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

- Allowed business and government to set up rules for each industry

Examples of the New Deal part 26. Civil Works Adminstration (CWA)

• Employs people in the raking leaves cycle…self-esteem

7. Farm Credit Administration (FCA)- Helped farmers refinance their mortgages

8. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)- Gave young men age 18-25 jobs outdoors like

planting forest, etc.9. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

- Created dams and reservoirs that were used to provide electricity10. Public Works Administration (PWA)

- Built roads, sewer systems. Schools, and governmental jobs

PWA damn in Montana gave work to over 10,000 workers

CWA making a scenic highway in California…look how many workers

Civilian Concervation Corps (CCC)

TVA got water to the rural areas

NEW DEAL

BEGINS

RECESSIONOf 1837

New Deal cont…• The New Deal showed how FDR was willing to help

America.• Jobs were created, people got to keep their homes,

and farmers went back to work.• This plan helped to restore American’s faith in the

government.• Things were still rough in America…but seemed

better• What FDR did best?• THE NEW DEAL CHANGE THE SPIRIT OF AMERICA…

PEOPLE HAD HOPE AGAIN…

My Grandmother and FDR