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2013/07/07
1
米国の政府主導イノベーション シリコンバレーと
カリフォルニア州をお手本に 頑張れニッポン
Hiroshi Yagi, Ph.D. CEO IMAnet, Inc.
2012/12/20
① 自己紹介 ② イノベーションの概念と構成要素 ③ イノベーションのジレンマ ④イノベーションのリスクを取る米国政府 ⑤ カリフォルニア州の役割=規制! ⑥ 頭脳の集積Silicon Valley ⑦ MESH化する世界 ⑧ 妹尾堅一郎氏の著作
• Joint work with IBM gave me significant VALUE of Cost & Quality
• To get ISO CerMficate was a big fan. I found
• Company moves along with TOP/Down flow. • QC circle is effecMve only for maintain or evolving process.
• InnovaMon won’t occurred from QC circles.
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米国子会社に出向
• VerbaMm CorporaMon (CharloRe, NC) 1995-‐1997 Sales and technical manager. MO sales support by technical side. Sold PC with MO drive 70 units.(Built to Order) 25 year memorial book
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シリコンバレーに引越し
• VerbaMm CorporaMon (Sunnyvale, CA) 1997-‐1998 Director of New Business CD-‐R, DVD, Data Tape, CD Drive, DVD Drive
転勤時に自宅を買った
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VerbaMm社製品群
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Charlo<e Sunnyvale
Charlotte からシリコンバレーへ (1995/10-‐1997/07) (1997/08-‐ )
Per Capita Electricity Sales (not including self-‐generaMon) (kWh/person) (2006 to 2008 are forecast data)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1960
19
62
1964
19
66
1968
19
70
1972
19
74
1976
19
78
1980
19
82
1984
19
86
1988
19
90
1992
19
94
1996
19
98
2000
20
02
2004
20
06
2008
United States
California
2005 Differences = 5,300kWh/yr = $165/capita
一人あたり電力消費 (1960 – 2008)
From 1973 to 2008, the GDP/capita in California has
doubled.
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Accelerated RPS from IEPR / EAP /
SB 1250 [2006]/107 [2006], Exec Orders S-‐14-‐08 and
S-‐21-‐09, and EE and CHP goals from ARB’s AB 32 (2006)
Scoping Plan
California Solar IniMaMve
2010 2020 2016
Governor’s GHG ReducMon Targets & AB 32
Specific GHG reducGon target allocated to RE is contained in the CA Air Resources Board’s Climate Change Scoping Plan, October 2008.
State Bioenergy Goal (ExecuGve Order S-‐06-‐06)2
Renewables
33% of retail sales (~78,000 -‐ 102,000 GWh)
40% biofuels produced in California
3,000 MW of new solar (~4,000 GWh1)
20% biofuels produced in California
20% of RPS from biopower (~20,000 GWh1)
Renewables
20% of retail sales (~55,000 GWh)
20% of RPS from biopower (~11,000 GWh1)
カリフォルニア再生エネルギー政策
1Assumes average capacity factors are 15% for solar and 90% for biopower. 2 ExecuGve Order S-‐06-‐06 can be downloaded at gov.ca.gov/index.php?/print-‐version/execuGve-‐order/183/. Note: The roadmap also considered detailed policy guidance as stated in the IEPR.
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Sources: Energy InformaGon AdministraGon, Quarterly Fuel and Energy Report, and SB 105 ReporGng Requirements
Note: Due to legislaGve changes required by Assembly Bill 162 (2009), the California Air Resources Board is currently undertaking the task of idenGfying the fuel sources associated with all imported power entering into California.
In-‐state generaGon: Reported generaGon from units 1 MW and larger.
California’s 2009 In-‐State GeneraMon Mix
Biomass 2.8%
Geothermal 6.3%
Small Hydro 2.0%
Solar 0.4%
Wind 2.4%
Coal 1.8%
Large Hydro 12.2%
Natural Gas 56.7%
Nuclear 15.3%
Renewables 13.9%
Californiaの2020年の再生エネルギー
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018
Estim
ated
Sta
tew
ide
Ren
ewab
les
GW
h/ye
ar
(exc
ludi
ng L
arge
Hyd
ro)
Year
2002 11% Renewables (RPS begins)
2008 10.6% Renewables
33% by 2020 if AB 32 Scoping Plan goals met
20% by 2010
33% by 2020
20% by 2012*
20% by 2010 and 33% by 2020 goals based on retail sales. 2002 11% Renewables and 2008 10.6% Renewables based on generaMon. *Report assuming 20% by 2012: www.energy.ca.gov/2009publicaGons/CEC-‐200-‐2009-‐011/CEC-‐200-‐2009-‐011.PDF
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Clean Economyを生み出す
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Joint Venture 2009 Climate Prosperity
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規制で省エネが進む
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建築基準法 Title 24
• Building Energy Efficiency Standard Revised in 2008, made effect in 2010
• Detailed standards apply to 16 Climate Zones • Leading standard for Building EE in USA • The standard keeps CA energy consumpMon lower than other states
• Government purchase and approval followed by this standard
• HVAC manufacturers must follow
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CA Title 24 – 地区割り
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CA Title 24 – Zone vs Spec table
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京都議定書対応 AB 32
• AB 32 follows KYOTO Protocol • In 2020, GHG level equal to as of 1995 • Controversial about Job creaMons • Industry in general and GOP are against AB 32
• 現在のBrown知事もこの方向で推進
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州による規制法案数
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イノベーションと技術のるつぼSilicon Valley
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INDEX 2010 Silicon Valley
企業の市場価値 (Aug. 8 2012)
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Company Started Sales $Bil
Mkt CapitalizaMon
$Bil Apple 1976 65 581 Google 1998 29 211 Oracle 1977 26 152 Intel 1964 43 133 Cisco 1984 40 91 HP 1939 125 38