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Manoj N
1210A027
CHANGES IN LAND USE: PRINCIPLES OFENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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Agenda
Introduction
Causes and consequences
Environmental Impact assessment
Environmental management
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Introduction}Land:-} physical and biological cover over the surface of
earth.} Includes water, vegetation, bare soil, and/or
artificial structures
}Land Use:-} Agriculture
} Forestry} building construction} Those alter land surface processes including
biogeochemistry, hydrology and biodiversity
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CONSEQUENCES: BIODIVERSITY
}When land is transformed from a primary
forest to a farm.
} Similar effects-undisturbed lands aretransformed to more intensive uses,
including livestock grazing, selective treeharvest.
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CONSEQUENCES:CLIMATE CHANGE
} Deforestation and followed by agriculture lead to
emissions of gases which causes green house effect.
} As a result methane
} cattle grazing,
} rice paddies
} altered surface hydrology
} Nitrous Oxide is emitted
} nitrogen fertilizers
} irrigation
} cultivation of nitrogen fixing plants
} biomass combustion
} Changes in land cover results in change in reflection
of sunlight from land surfaces. LAND USAGE
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CLIMATE CHANGE
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CONSEQUENCES:POLLUTION
} Causes soil, air and water pollution.
} Mining produces greater impacts, includingpollution by toxic metals exposed in theprocess.
} Excess use of nitrogen for agriculturalpractices is causing ground water pollution
} Excessive use of pesticides in fertile lands iscauses water pollution.
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POLLUTION
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ENVIRONMENT IMPACTASSESSMENT
} Environmental impact due to land use is
assessed by
} Remote Sensing
} Geo-Spatial Analysis
} Driving forces of land use
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REMOTE SENSING
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} Facilitatesobservations across
} This uses
} Cameras
} RADARS
} LiDARS
} Satellite imagery.
}Done one a dailybasis
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GEO SPATIAL ANALYSIS
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} Involves maps andmeasurements based onthe remotely sensed data.
} This methods usesstatistical methods alongwith human interpretation.
} Uses thematic mappingand continuous fieldmapping.
} Used along with
geographic informationsystem to map andmeasure land use atlocal, regional and globalscales.
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DRIVING FORCES} Assessing the driving forces behind land usage is necessary
if past patterns are to be explained and used in forecasting
future patterns.
} It includes different fields of sciences like hydrology,
geography, information system etc.,
} Driving forces includes
} Cultures(food preference)
} Economics(demand for specific products, financial incentives)
} environmental conditions(soil quality, terrain).
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT} Follow Kyoto Protocol which proposes to reduce the emission of
} Green house gases
} Land use policies and practices to protect aquatic ecosystems
from the excessive runoff and flooding due to construction of
buildings and roads.
} Establishment of preserves and parks.
} By improving agricultural practices.
} Land reforms should be formed to reduce overgrazing and
intensive agriculture.LAND USAGE
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conclusion
} Earth provides enough to satisfy every
man's need, but not every man's greed
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References
}www.en.wikipedia.com
}
http://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/methane-cow.htm
} http://www.eoearth.org/article/Land-use_and_land-cover_change
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