This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
1 PV essentials from standards to testing
12 Years experience on PV module testing- testing Services -
�Climatic-TestsTest failures II: Boxes and connectors
Crumbled junction box
Broken and shrunken plugs
Crumbled junction box
Zinc dust
24 PV essentials from standards to testing
�Climatic-TestsTest failures III: Solar cells
Corrosion of cell interconnector
Cracking of cells
Shifting ofcells
Cell delamination
25 PV essentials from standards to testing
�Climatic-TestsTest failures IV: Other
Browning of string-connector
Shrinking of foil
Come off of the foil
Glass-corrosion
26 PV essentials from standards to testing
�Climatic testsTest failure – IV-curves
Reduction of Fill-Factor due to increasement of series resistance
Power loss of strings due to interrupted interconnects
27 PV essentials from standards to testing
�Climatic testsDamp Heat test, test experience last 5 years
28 PV essentials from standards to testing
�Mechanical load testTest performance
3 load-tension cycles:
2400 Pa, 1 hour
Optional: 5400 Pa
29 PV essentials from standards to testing
�Mechanical load testTest failures
30 PV essentials from standards to testing
�Hail impact testTest performance
Hail impact shots on 10 different locations:
Iceball speed: 23 m/s
Iceball diameter: 2.5 cm
31 PV essentials from standards to testing
�Light soakingTÜV test facilities
32 PV essentials from standards to testing
�Summary Test statistic
Measurement of different PV- module typestest results (last 8 years)
0 20 40 60 80 100
%
All Tests
Passed
Fault
33 PV essentials from standards to testing
�Summary Test statistic of new certification processes
Failure, Module typenot accepted
Certificationwithout anyproblems
Certification with problems(Repeat of tests)
30 %20 %
50 %
34 PV essentials from standards to testing
� Test failuresHow to continue?
• If the test samples fail in several different qualification tests (i. g. damp-heat, thermal-cycling and hot-spot) we have to reject the complete module design!
The manufacturer can then reapply with an improved design.
• If one qualification test is failed, the following procedure applies:
• The failed test sample(s) will be shipped back to the manufacturer for investigation.
• The manufacturer provides us with a detailed failure analysis report:
• What exactly was the reason for the failure?
• What measures will be taken to avoid such failures?
• With this evaluation report at hand, TÜV decides what tests have to be repeated with new test samples.
• If the repetition of the selected tests is passed, TÜV will issue the certificate.
If the test-repetition is failed again, the module design has to be rejected!
35 PV essentials from standards to testing
�SummaryConclusion
• Although PV-modules have reached a sophisticated level of technology, a lot of different test-failures occur in laboratory testing
• Manufacturing a PV-Module that is able to pass all qualification tests is a difficult task. All materials, components and process parameters
have to be chosen carefully.
• Even small design changes can effect the suitability of the module design and therefore may require a retesting program to maintain type
approval certification.
36 PV essentials from standards to testing
Thank you for your kind attention
If you have additional questions:Christian Dreier,