12-3-07 Obj: To summarize Wilson’s 14 points and the Treaty of Versailles FOCUS: W.S. and discuss.

12-3-0712-3-07Obj: To summarize Obj: To summarize

Wilson’s 14 points and Wilson’s 14 points and the Treaty of Versailles the Treaty of Versailles

FOCUSFOCUS: : W.S. and discuss.W.S. and discuss.

Wilson Fights for PeaceWilson Fights for Peace

Chapter 19Chapter 19

Section 4Section 4

Terms and NamesTerms and Names

Fourteen PointsFourteen Points

League of NationsLeague of Nations

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

reparationsreparations

war – guilt clausewar – guilt clause

Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot Lodge

Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen Points

Wilson’s Wilson’s plan for world peaceplan for world peace January 18, 1918January 18, 1918 Points 1 – 5 addressed the Points 1 – 5 addressed the

“causes of the war”“causes of the war” The The conference did not include conference did not include

the Central Powers, Russia, or the Central Powers, Russia, or smaller Allied nationssmaller Allied nations

Points 1 - 5Points 1 - 51.1. No more secret treatiesNo more secret treaties

2.2. Freedom of the seas for allFreedom of the seas for all

3.3. Tariffs should be lowered to Tariffs should be lowered to encourage free tradeencourage free trade

4.4. Weapons should be reducedWeapons should be reduced to to lessen militaristic impulseslessen militaristic impulses

5.5. Consider colonial peopleConsider colonial people as well as well as the interests of imperialismas the interests of imperialism

Fourteen Points continued . . .Fourteen Points continued . . .

Points 8 – 13Points 8 – 13

Dealt with Dealt with boundary changesboundary changes

National groups could decide National groups could decide for themselves what nation for themselves what nation

they would belong tothey would belong to

Fourteen Points continued . . .Fourteen Points continued . . .

Point 14Point 14

League of NationsLeague of Nations

A forum to discuss grievances A forum to discuss grievances without having to go to warwithout having to go to war

Allies Reject Wilson’s PlanAllies Reject Wilson’s Plan

France had two German France had two German invasions alreadyinvasions already

Great Britain just instituted Great Britain just instituted “Make Germany Pay”“Make Germany Pay”

Italy wanted control of Italy wanted control of Austrian territoryAustrian territory

The Big Four – the United The Big Four – the United States, France, Britain, and States, France, Britain, and Italy worked out the details Italy worked out the details themselvesthemselves

The ResultThe Result•Wilson gave up on most Wilson gave up on most of his Fourteen Pointsof his Fourteen Points

•Establishment of the Establishment of the League of NationsLeague of Nations

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles

When:When: June 28, 1919June 28, 1919

Where:Where: The Great Hall of the The Great Hall of the Palace at VersaillesPalace at Versailles

Who:Who: The Big Four The Big Four The Defeated NationsThe Defeated Nations

Why:Why: To sign the treatyTo sign the treaty

Finally, your turn…Finally, your turn…

Create a chart of the pros and cons Create a chart of the pros and cons of the U.S. joining the League of of the U.S. joining the League of Nations. Would you have been an Nations. Would you have been an advocate for joining? Why or why advocate for joining? Why or why not?not?

12-4-0712-4-07Obj:Obj: To understand the To understand the

provisions of the Treaty of provisions of the Treaty of Versailles and their effectsVersailles and their effects

Focus:Focus: Discuss what the 14 Discuss what the 14 points speech was intending to points speech was intending to do? Describe what each set of do? Describe what each set of points did and explain? For points did and explain? For example, the first 5 points did example, the first 5 points did what? Which do you think was what? Which do you think was the most important and why?the most important and why?

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles Established 9 new nationsEstablished 9 new nations

including Poland, Czechoslovakia, including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslaviaand Yugoslavia

France and Great Britain France and Great Britain were given 4 areas of the were given 4 areas of the Ottoman Empire as Ottoman Empire as mandatesmandates•Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and

PalestinePalestine

Germany & the TreatyGermany & the Treaty

1.1. DemilitarizedDemilitarizedLost most of its air force and navyLost most of its air force and navy

Army reduced to 100,000 menArmy reduced to 100,000 men

2.2. Return land to the FrenchReturn land to the French

Germany & the Treaty cont.Germany & the Treaty cont.

3.3. Pay $33 billion in Pay $33 billion in reparationsreparations (damages) (damages)

4.4. Had to acknowledge that Had to acknowledge that they were responsible for they were responsible for the war the war (war – guilt (war – guilt clause)clause)

Weaknesses of the TreatyWeaknesses of the Treaty Humiliated GermanyHumiliated Germany

• The European nations were equally guiltyThe European nations were equally guilty

IgnoredIgnored the Bolsheviks in the Bolsheviks in RussiaRussia• They suffered more casualties than any They suffered more casualties than any

other nationother nation• Lost more territory in the conference Lost more territory in the conference

than Germany did(S.U. after ’22 and than Germany did(S.U. after ’22 and determined to gain back territory lost!!! determined to gain back territory lost!!! Leads to…Leads to…

Weaknesses cont. . . .Weaknesses cont. . . . Germany couldn’t pay the Germany couldn’t pay the

reparations bill & the reparations bill & the treaty ignored the claims treaty ignored the claims of colonized peopleof colonized people•Wilson refused to hear the Wilson refused to hear the

appeals of a Vietnamese man appeals of a Vietnamese man (Ho Chi Min) who later fought (Ho Chi Min) who later fought with France and America until with France and America until his death(…should've listened!)his death(…should've listened!)

Opposition to the TreatyOpposition to the Treaty

Some Americans opposed Some Americans opposed the treatythe treaty

Believed it was too harshBelieved it was too harsh A sellout to imperialism A sellout to imperialism New boundaries didn’t satisfy New boundaries didn’t satisfy

their demands for self -their demands for self -determinationdetermination

Debate over the Debate over the League of NationsLeague of Nations

Senator Henry Cabot LodgeSenator Henry Cabot Lodge•SuspiciousSuspicious of the provision for joint of the provision for joint

economic and military action against economic and military action against aggressionaggression

Wilson was concerned that the Wilson was concerned that the Senate may not approve the peace Senate may not approve the peace treatytreaty

Appealed to the American people Appealed to the American people instead of the Senateinstead of the Senate

Wilson traveled 8,000 miles and Wilson traveled 8,000 miles and delivered 35 speeches in 22 delivered 35 speeches in 22 days to appeal to the American days to appeal to the American peoplepeople

October 2, 1919 Wilson’s fragile October 2, 1919 Wilson’s fragile health and demanding schedule health and demanding schedule caused him to have a stroke and caused him to have a stroke and was partially paralyzed for 2 was partially paralyzed for 2 monthsmonths

Voting on the TreatyVoting on the Treaty

November 1919November 1919 Senator Lodge introduced Senator Lodge introduced

amendments to the treaty when it amendments to the treaty when it came up for a votecame up for a vote

Senate Senate rejected the amendments rejected the amendments but also did NOT ratify the treatybut also did NOT ratify the treaty

March 1920March 1920 Senate Senate rejected the amendments rejected the amendments

and still did NOT ratify the treatyand still did NOT ratify the treaty

Finally . . .Finally . . .

United States signed a United States signed a separate treaty with separate treaty with Germany in 1921Germany in 1921

United States United States never joined the never joined the League of NationsLeague of Nations

United States was an United States was an “unofficial “unofficial observer” at League observer” at League meetingsmeetings

The Aftermath of The Aftermath of War(Pershing)War(Pershing)

Many Many Germans were shocked by Germans were shocked by the armistice and angry at the the armistice and angry at the TreatyTreaty

Germany was in an economic Germany was in an economic depressiondepression• Millions of workers lost their jobsMillions of workers lost their jobs• German currency was nearly German currency was nearly

uselessuseless

The Aftermath of War cont. . . The Aftermath of War cont. . .

Austrian corporal, Austrian corporal, Adolf Hitler, Adolf Hitler, blamed German problems on blamed German problems on Jews and socialistsJews and socialists in the in the Weimar republicWeimar republic

Hitler and his Nazi party Hitler and his Nazi party won won control of the German control of the German governmentgovernment

The Aftermath of War, cont . . .The Aftermath of War, cont . . .

This militaristic policy led This militaristic policy led directly to the Second World directly to the Second World WarWar

Most Americans just wanted to Most Americans just wanted to “return to normalcy”“return to normalcy”

And Finally…Create a chart And Finally…Create a chart listing the provisions and results listing the provisions and results

of the Treaty of Versaillesof the Treaty of VersaillesProvisionProvision ResultResult

1. New Nations1. New Nations

2.2.

3.3.

4.4.