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The Shell itumen Han dbookFifth Edition
Shell itumen
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ont ntsChapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Preamble 11.2 The earliest uses of bituminous binders 11.3 The growth of bitumen consumption in
Europe 21.4 Sources of binder 3
Chapter 2 Manufacture storage handling andenvironmental aspects of bitumens 112.1 The manufacture of bitumen 112.2 Delivery storage and handling temperaturesof bitumens 162.3 Health safety and environmental aspects of
bitumens 20Chapter 3 Constitution structure and rheology of
bitumens 293.1 Bitumen constitution 293.2 Bitumen structure . 353.3 The relationship between constitution
and rheology 373.4 The relationship between broad chemical
composition and physical properties 38Chapter 4 Specifications and quality of bitumens 43
4.1 Penetration grade bitumens 434.2 Oxidised bitumens 454.3 Hard bitumens 464.4 Cutback bitumens 464.5 Bitumen quality 474.6 The CEN bitumen specifications 544.7 The SHRP/SUPERPAVE bitumen
specification 54
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The Shell itumen HandbookChapter 5 Polym er mo dif ied and special bi tu m ens 6
5.1 Th e role of bitu m en modifiers in asphalt 625.2 Th e modification of bitum en 645.3 M ultigrad e bitum ens 815.4 Pigm entab le binders 845.5 Fue l-resisting bin ders 865.6 Th erm ose tting binders 875.7 Costperformance relati onship s for modified
binders 89Chapter 6 Bitum en em uls ions 9
6.1 Em ulsifiers 926.2 Th e manu facture of bitum en emu lsions 966.3 Prop erties of bitum en emulsions 976.4 Classification and specification of bi tum en
emulsions 1066.5 M odification of bitu m en em ulsion pro pert ies 1076.6 Uses of bitu m en em ulsions 1116.7 Bib liogra phy 117
Chapter 7 M echan ical tes t ing and propert ies of bi tu m ens 97.1 Sta ndard specification tests for bit um en s 1197.2 Th e Fraass bre akin g po int test 1247.3 V iscosity 1257.4 Th e bitu m en test data chart 1297.5 Te m pera ture susceptibility -
pen etration index PI) 1367.6 En gine ering prop erties of bitum en 1377.7 O th er bitu m en tests 152
Chapter 8 Dura bi l ity of bi tum ens 578.1 Bitum en harde ning 1578.2 Ha rdenin g of bitumen during s torage, mixing
and in service 1598.3 Bitu me n ageing tests 168
Chapter 9 Ad hes ion of b i tum ens 79.1 T he prin cipal factors affectingbitume n/aggregate adhesion 171
9.2 T he main disb ond ing mechan isms 1749.3 M etho ds of measu ring and assessing
adhesion 1779.4 Im prov ing bitumen /aggregate adhesion 185
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Chapter 10 Influence of bitumen properties on theperformance of asphalts 18910.1 The influence of bitumen properties during
construction 19110.2 The influence of bitumen properties on theperformance of asphalts in service 195
Chapter 11 Aggregates in asphalts 21911.1 Origins and types of rock 21911.2 Aggregate extraction 22211.3 The European aggregate Standard 222
Chapter 12 Types and applications of different asphalts 23112.1 Coated macadams 23412.2 Hot rolled asphalt 23812.3 Thin surfacings 23912.4 Choice of asphalts on major carriageways 242
Chapter 13 Specification composition and design of asphalts 24513.1 Recipe specifications for bases and binder
courses 24613.2 Recipe specifications for surface courses 25013.3 Design of bases and binder courses 25513.4 Design of surface courses 25913.5 Guidance on the selection of mixtures 265
Chapter 14 Asphalt production plants 26714.1 Types of mixing plant 26814.2 The addition of recycled asphalt pavement 27514.3 Additive systems 27614.4 Production control testing of asphalts 276
Chapter 15 Transport laying and compaction of asphalts 27915.1 Transportation 27915.2 Use of tack coats 27915.3 Pavers 28015.4 Additional screed systems 28515.5 Paving operations 28615.6 Compaction 29215.7 Specification and field control 302
Chapter 16 Testing of asphalts 30516.1 Fundamental tests 307
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The Shell itumen Handbook16.2 Sim ulative tests 32216.3 Em pirica l tests 32916.4 D eterm ination of recovered bitum en properties 332
Chapter 17 Prop erties of asph alts 33717.1 Stiffness of asp ha lts 33717.2 Pe rm ane nt deform ation of asphalts 34017.3 Fa tigue characteristics of asphalts 344
Chapter 18 D es ig n of f lexible pav em en ts 3518.1 T he im po rtanc e of stiffness 35318.2 T he structu ral elem ents of a flexible pav em ent 35318.3 Factors involved in pave m ent design 35618.4 E m pirical and semi-em pirical pav em ent design 35818.5 Analytical pavement design using the
Shell Pav em ent De sign M ethod 366Chapter 19 Surface dr es sin g and other spe cialis t treatm ents 37
19.1 Surface dre ssin g 37119.2 Slurry surfacings/m icrosurfacings 40319.3 H igh -frictio n surfaces 40619.4 Foam ed bitum en 40719.5 A pplica tion of a colo ured surface treatm ent 41119.6 Recy cling asphalts 41319.7 G rou ted macadam s 415
Chapter 20 Other impo rtant use s of bitu m en s and asphalts 4 920.1 Airfield pav em ents 41920.2 Railway applications 42420.3 Bridges 42620.4 Rec reational areas 42720.5 M oto r racing tracks 42820.6 Veh icle testing circuits 42820.7 H ydra ulic applications 42920.8 Co loure d surfacings 43020.9 K erb s 432
Appendix 1 Ph ysical constants of bitu m en s 433A l . l Specific grav ity 433A1 .2 Coefficient of cubical exp ans ion 433A l. 3 Electrical prope rties 433A1.4 Th erm al prope rties 436
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Appendix 2 Conversion factors for viscosities 437Appendix 3 Blendin g charts and formulae 438Appendix 4 Calculation of bitum en film thickness inan asphalt 442Index 445
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