11/2/2010 Today – Ottoman Culture HW – p. 606 - Read “Power and Culture Under the Mughals” • List any evidence of continuity, destruction, diffusion, syncretism
Feb 24, 2016
11/2/2010 Today – Ottoman Culture
HW – p. 606 - Read “Power and Culture Under the Mughals” • List any evidence of continuity, destruction,
diffusion, syncretism
Chapter 14Cultures of Splendor and Power
1500 - 1780•As global connections increased due to international migrations and empire building, cultures were affected in different ways.
•How did the Ottomans, Mughals, Chinese, Japanese, and American societies respond culturally to heterogeneity within and contact with foreign peoples?
1. What is culture?2. When do we know we are witnessing it?3. Why is it important?
Culture- refers to the…• cumulative deposit of knowledge and Experience • Material objects and possessions• beliefs, values, and attitudes• Roles and hierarchies• meanings, religion, notions of time, spatial relations, and
concepts of the universe• …acquired by a group of people in the course of
generations through individual and group striving. It is NOT a static, unchanging phenomenon. It is a porous, evolving, negotiated
phenomenon and is perceived differently by in-group members and out-group members
What can occur when 2 or more cultures come into
contact? Cultural continuity – A society largely
maintains the practiced culture that existed prior to contact
Cultural destruction – Elements or large portions of a culture are extinguished, either voluntarily or involuntarily
Cultural diffusion – when cultural traits are spread from one culture to the other
Cultural syncretism – combining (sometimes contradictory) traits or elements of 2 or more cultures; often resulting in the creation of something new
Ottoman Culture
Religion Religious diversity
• Accommodated Sufis, Sunnis, Shias, and Ulama
Allowed minority autonomy• Dhimmis – Armenian and
Greek Orthodox Christians, Jews organized into…
• Millets – minority religious communities
3 Systems of Education
1. Administrative Schools – to educate the civil and military bureaucracy• Topkapi palace
2. Religious schools• Young schools• Madrasses
Graduates became Ulama, qadis, muftis, and teachers
3. Sufi Schools • Tekkes
Foreign contributions• Hungarian Ibrahim Muteferrika
(1674-1745) Including Copernicus, Galileo,
Descartes
Art Calligraphy –
Anatolian/Arabic origin
Miniatures – Islamic books
Portraiture • Italian painter Gentile
Bellini Tulip Era
• Sultans• warriors • 1700’s: tiles, fabrics,
public buildings, festivals
Mehmet I
Suleiman
Mirror calligraphy'Ali is the vicegerent (deputy) of God'
Blue Turkish TilesSignature of Mahmad II
Architecture
Suleiman mosquePersian
Seljuk
Byzantine Ottoman
Daily Life Coffeehouses Taverns (wine)
• Dance Carpets – nomadic
origin Jewelry –
Armenian, Jewish Luxury goods:
lemons, soap, pepper, metal tools
Mughals Cultural continuity – .
• Sharia• Little respect for European
knowledge and culture Cultural destruction
• Aurangzeb Cultural diffusion
• Danishmand Khan • Foreign scholars and artists in
courtly life. • Foreign foods• European military technology• Chinese products
Cultural syncretism • Din-il-llahi• Fatehpur Sikri (1571)• Taj Mahal (1630)