11.2. Remember…. Nucleic Acid – one of the BIG FOUR DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid Directions for building proteins Nucleotides are building blocks Sugar-

11.2

Remember….Nucleic Acid – one of the BIG FOURDNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Directions for building proteinsNucleotides are building blocks

Sugar- __________, __________, _________N-base : __ ,__, __, __

Double strandsComplementary base pairing _ - _ and _ - _

DNA replication – making a copy of DNAHappens during Interphase of cell cycle A T C T T G A T C G C

The big picture…Cell needs a protein – a gene in DNA is the directions, must copy the directions then build the protein.

1: What is the structure of RNA?RNA – Ribonucleic AcidNucleic AcidSingle strandedNucleotides are building blocks Phosphate Sugar – RIBOSE Nitrogen Base

A, G, C UURACIL !!!!NO thymine (T)

notesforpakistan.blogspot.com

2: Describe the 3 types of RNA and their job.1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)- “copy” of DNA,

holds the instructions of how to build the protein

Made in the nucleusLeaves nucleus to deliver instructions

ichristianschool.org

2: Describe the 3 types of RNA and their job.2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – attaches to

mRNA and reads it. Then places amino acids in place.

3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) – delivers the amino acids to the rRNA.

3: Explain the process of transcription.IN the NUCLEUS:

mRNA is built from the DNAMuch like replication, base pairing happensA-U, G-C

Only have to make 1 strand

Example of Transcription in the nucleusDNA – T A C G T A T A G G C

mRNA -

DNA T A G C

mRNA A U C G

schenectady.k12.ny.us

3: Explain the process of transcription.PROCESSINGBefore mRNA leaves the nucleus noncoding regions are edited out.Introns – (intervening regions) parts of DNA/mRNA that do not code for the protein Get REMOVED

Exons –( expressed regions) parts of DNA /mRNA that MUST be used to make a protein

DNA - T A C G G T C A A T CmRNA - this final product leaves the nucleus

Review… A T G T T C C A G T A A

Replicate

Transcribe

Process

4. Describe the process of translation.Building the Protein

1.mRNA comes out to cytoplasm

2.rRNA (ribosome) binds the mRNA at start codon1. Reads the mRNA in CODONS – three nucleotides

at a time

3.tRNA brings amino acids in 1. its anticodon must be complementary to the

mRNAs codon

4.Amino acids are attached to the building strand of a.a. also known as a polypeptide chain

5.Translation stops at a STOP codonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGY

5 – Use the genetic code to build an amino acid chain

Start Codon – AUGMUST find AUG to start!!!

Stop Codons – UGA, UAA, UAGMUST stop at STOP codon!!!

britannica.com

5-The Genetic Code

1.3.

2.

5- Practice …1. UCU – 2. AGC -3. CCC -4. CCA -5. AUG – 6. GAG -7. UGA -

Practice…

A T A C T T C C A G A T T

Transcribe U A U G A A G G U C U A A

Translate Start – Lysine – Valine - Stop