11/12/14 Take out your 6-5 outline to be checked Start to work on your 6-5 vocab (#20-25)

11/12/14Take out your 6-5 outline to be checkedStart to work on your 6-5 vocab (#20-25)

Chapter 6 section 5End of the Revolutionary War

Winning the War in the South

Battle of MonmouthEnd of major battles in the North

June 27, 1778Monmouth, New Jersey

Who?American – George WashingtonGeneral Sir Henry Clinton

What happened?Washington pursued Clinton’s army that left Philadelphia to New

YorkWashington rallied the retreating Patriots and held their groundEnded in a draw but the British left the battleground250 patriot casualties400 British casualties

Significance?Last major battle in the NorthMolly Pitcher

Mary Hays Carried water to the troops during the battle When her husband died of heatstroke she took his place and helped fire the

cannon

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=revolutionary+war+south

Why did Clinton take the war to the South?

British success in the SouthSavannah

December 29, 1778 British capture Savannah, GA (major Southern port)

What happened?The first stage of the British Southern

strategy called for the capture of a major Southern port to use as a base for rallying Southern loyalists and launching military campaigns

Large British force sailed from New York City and easily captured Savannah

Within a few months the British controlled all of Georgia

British success in the SouthThe Battle of Charles Town

February – May 1780; Charles Town, SCWho?

American – Maj. Gen. Benjamin LincolnBritish - General Sir Henry Clinton

What happened?British forces landed near Charles Town in

FebruaryThey surrounded the city, slowly closing in and

trapping the defendersLincoln surrendered his 5,000 troops on May 12th

(almost the entire Southern army)Significance?

Clinton placed Cornwallis in charge of British forces in the South and returned to New York

Badly hurt American morale, but South Carolina patriots started roaming the countryside battling Loyalists and attacking British supply linesSwamp Fox (Francis Marion)

British success in the South The Battle of Camden

August 16, 1780; Camden, SC Who?

American – General Horatio GatesBritish – Lord Cornwallis

What happened?Gates was assigned to form a new southern

army Army was about 2,000 new, untrained militia and

Continental soldiers led by Baron de KalbAmericans lacked supplies and were half-starvedGates put inexperienced militia on frontline

instead of behind veterans militia panicked and ran Professional troops stayed and fought, but suffered

heavy casualties

Significance?Second defeat (disaster)of the American army in

the SouthMarked a low point for the patriotsNews of Arnold’s treason

Battle of Kings MountainOctober 1780North CarolinaOne of Britain’s first losses in the SouthVicious fighting

Americans slaughtered a Loyalist militia and British force of about 1,000 after surrounding them

Americans shot or hanged many after they surrendered in revenge for Loyalist raids and an earlier incident

After Gates’ loss at Camden, he was replaced by Nathaniel GreeneGreene wanted to avoid full-scale battles with the BritishLet the British chase them around the countryside

Two new leaders turn the tide of war in the South…

Nathaniel Greene Daniel Morgan

January 1781South Carolina

Battle of Cowpens

When?January 17, 1781

Where?Northern South Carolina (in a cattle-grazing area)

Who?American – Brigadier General Daniel MorganBritish – Lord Cornwallis

What happened?Cornwallis set out to trap Morgan’s army

Before he could catch up with them, Morgan prepared for battle at Cowpens

Morgan’s sharpshooters quickly captured or killed nearly all the attacking British

Significance?Finally a Patriot victory!Enraged Cornwallis even more and he pursued

Morgan with greater determination

Battle of Guilford CourthouseMarch 15, 1781North CarolinaCornwallis v. Greene

Greene rushed to join Morgan in hopes to defeat Cornwallis’ weakened army

Bloody conflictCornwallis drove Greene from the battle field,

the British took a batteringCornwallis stopped the chase and moved

his army to Wilmington, NC to rest

October 1781Virginia

Battle of Yorktown

When?October 19, 1781

Where?Virginia (Peninsula on the Chesapeake Bay)

Who?American – General George Washington

French – General Jean Rochambeau, Admiral Francois de GrasseBritish – Lord Cornwallis

What happened?Cornwallis set up his base in Yorktown

Could receive supplies easily from New YorkFrench fleet (led by de Grasse) blocked the Chesapeake

Bay in August 1781 – his fleet battled the British navy back to NY

Washington and Rochambeau rushed their forces south to trap Cornwallis on the peninsula from the land – surrounded them with 18,000 American and French troops

Cornwallis and his 8,000 troops surrendered on October 19, 1781

Significance?Last major battle of the Revolution

“The World Turned Upside Down”http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJKZ-J7VeHs

Did not end the war but Britain’s new leaders began peace talks