Homework Help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Research Paper help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Online Tutoring https://www.homeworkping.com/ click here for freelancing tutoring sites ENERGY EFFICIENT HOUSE USING PASSIVE COOLING & HEATING TECHNIQUES BY : SOHAIB FAKHAR ROLL NO:
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click here for freelancing tutoring sitesENERGY EFFICIENT HOUSE USING PASSIVE COOLING &
significantly from sunny to shady locations. Where possible, the inlets in
open loop systems and the cooling tubes themselves should be placed in
shady areas.
Tube Depth
Tubes should be buried at least 6 feet (1.8 meters) below grade. Only rarely
is burying them more than 12 feet (3.7 meters) justifiable. When digging
trenches at these depths, cave-ins are an extreme hazard, and appropriate
precautions should be taken.
Earth Temperature
The temperature of the earth at depths of 20–100 feet (6.1–30.5 meters)
remains about two to three degrees higher than the mean annual air
temperature. At depths less than 10–12 feet (3.1–3.7 meters), earth
temperatures may be strongly influenced by air temperatures and may vary
during the year, depending on the locale. Near the surface, earth
temperatures closely correspond to air temperatures.
Tube Length
There is no simple formula for determining the proper tube length in relation
to the amount of cooling desired. Local soil conditions, soil moisture, tube
depth, and other site-specific factors should be considered to determine the
proper length.
Soil Properties
The amount of heat conducted and how widely it is diffused varies from one
soil type to another. The moisture content of the soil is a major influence on
conductivity and diffusivity, and accounts for large variations on how heat
moves through the earth.
Insects and rodents may enter the tubes of an open-loop system. You should
install a sturdy grille and insect screen at the tube inlet to deter potential
intruders.
Economics
Earth cooling tube systems can be very expensive. Considering current
electric power rates and the cost of materials and labor, it is unlikely that an
earth cooling tube installation can be justified on economic grounds alone.
GREEN ROOFS :
A greenroof is a ‘contained’ space on top of a man-made structure.
‘Greenroof’ is often used to describe many other landscape & architectural
treatments:
•Rooftop Garden
•Living Roof
•Turf Roof
•Sod Roof
•Eco-Roof
•Garden Roof
With current technological know how,greenroofs can be located on a variety
of structures: atop underground parking garages, office buildings, hotels,
residences, bridges, schools and even building edges. Generally, there are
two different kinds of greenroofs:
Typical Greenroof Design
The basic components of
a greenroof should
include four essential
layers:
•Waterproofing Layer
•Drain Layer
•Soil Layer
•Plant Layer
Each roof is unique! The success of a greenroof depends on the thorough
understanding of all components and also the specific needs & conditions of
the particular site. Before any components are added to a roof, the structural
weight limits must be determined by a professional.
I also applied an innovative and self thought technique i.e. using the
drainage water of the green roofs and passing it through a material in a
medium which was placed in the direction of the air thereby passing air
through it. As the air would pass through the cool droplets of water, which in
turn are cooled in the process. Subsequently the cool air enters the house
and is distributed evenly all over the house. Since various parts of the house
were designed in split levels , therefore each space gets a direct air gain due
to these split levels . The other innovation and self thought technique was
that water from the roof to that cooling medium will travel in cut-to-half
bamboo or long wooden stems. To the back they are part of the cooling
process while to the front they are used for multi purpose i-e shade and
ornamentation. Further the house was also provided with backup facility
through solar panels. Which would provide backup whenever the main light
source is not available. Or one could rest the main source and wholly use the
solar panels for energy source.
The planning was completed and sections were drawn including
sections of the green roof and drainage. The elevations and 3D view of the
house was the final step to the project completion as that would give a better
understanding of how the house would look like in reality if at all it was
built.
2.1 SUMMARY
The energy crisis in Pakistan made it a dire need to design a house that was
energy efficient and would reduce the cost of the utility bills or the amount
spend on HVAC (Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning) systems. For the
desired purpose a site in the area of phase 7 Hayatabad Township was
selected. And energy efficient house was designed using passive solar
techniques. More emphasis was on passive cooling as 8 out of the total 12
months of the year fall in summer. However passive
Heating techniques were also used such as studying of sun angles and
siagraphy of the building to the winter sun were designed. The house
designed was powered by a solar panel for solar energy backup in load
shedding. The house was designed with the given requirements and basic
comforts for summer and winter severe temperatures.
CHAPTER-3
1.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
FINDINGS
Pakistan in general and Peshawar in particular are confronted with
extreme weather and energy crisis
One solution to Energy crisis is designing Energy Efficient buildings
which I successfully accomplished
Different design techniques and types such as, Earth tubes, green roof
and wind catchers were effectively applied.
MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS
As this was a learning project so new ideas needed for further
improvement of the concept of Energy Efficient housing.
My personal and special contribution was a unique technique i-e use of
drainage water from the green roof gardens and passing it through certain
material in a medium. From that material air is passed and cooled. The
medium was in the direction of wind path.
Secondly, wooden stems cut to half longitudinally were used for this
process to pass water to the medium and for shading and ornamentation
purposes. The above techniques were innovative self thoughts. However, the
possibility of these techniques with previously implemented designs may not
be ruled out.
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
Limitations in terms of time as there was less time available and more
research needed to be conducted
This was a typical urban project and could not be implemented in
rural areas.
Non availability of adequate literature was another area making my
task challenging.
Non-conducive environment for research despite the fact that
Hayatabad is a posh area. Nevertheless I faced difficulties in taking
photographs and measurement of the site.
RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
Universities and Research and Development Institutions(R & D Is)
should own the idea of Energy Efficient housing. They should work
on it. The idea may be extended from single house to Energy efficient
townships
Research is also required to expand this idea of Energy Efficient
houses to rural areas by making them cost effective and affordable for
people with low income.
This idea should not be confined to residential houses only but should
be extended to Government buildings , mosques , shopping malls and
the like
Normally research conducted in universities and Research and
Development Institutions(R & DIs) does not see light of the day and is
buried in the dust of time. It is highly recommended that this type of
research should be shared and disseminated with other academic
institutions and nation building departments so that society benefits
from it to the optimum level.
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