1 Women & Crime Perpetrators & Victims
Dec 14, 2015
22
Outline
I. Arrest rates for Women Vs. Men
II. Labor Force Trends For Women
III. Violence Amongst Intimates
IV. Labor Market Analysis for Women
V. Demographic Trends
VI. Forcible Rape
VII. International Traffic in Women
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ConclusionsWomen are becoming more involved in crimeWomen do not like confrontational types of crime
Not so much into violent crime or robbery
As women work, opportunities changeEmbezzlement by women increasingProstitution decreasing
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Labor Force Trends For Women
Rosie the Riveter During WWII
Meg Whitman: E-Bay/ Candidate forGovernor/ CEO of Hewlett-Packard
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Labor Force Trends For Women
In 1948, nearly one third of women participated in the labor force. By 2008, nearly sixty percent of women participated in the labor force
In 1973, women accounted for 38.5% of national employment. By 2010, this number was over 47 %.
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30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10
RHOWOMEN WOMENPCTEMPL
National Labor Force Trends: Labor Force Participation Rate for Women (blue) and Women's Percentage of Employment (red)
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Household Survey
Civilian Non-institutionalPopulation, CNIP
Labor Force,LF
Not In The Labor Force, NLF
Employed, E
Unemployed, U
Labor Force Participation Rate, ρ = LF/CNIP
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Labor Force Trends For Women
As more women left the role of house wife for the labor force, the nature of the home changed
As women became a larger presence in the workplace, the nature of the workplace changed
1919
In Contrast: Labor Force Partipation Rate Trends For Young Men, 16-24
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60
64
68
72
76
80
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10
RHOMEN1624
2020
Trends In Property Offense Rates
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10
PROPERTY
56
60
64
68
72
76
60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10
RHOMEN1624
National Property Crime Rates Per 100,000 andthe Labor Force Participation Rate for Males 16-24. 1960-2010
2121
A statistical analysis of the US property crime rate from 1960 through 2010 was conducted, and the crime rate was positively correlated with the labor force participation rate for men ages 16-24, lagged two years, and negatively correlated with the labor force participation rate for women, lagged three years.
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Property Crime Rate : Observed & Regression Estimate
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Residual Actual Fitted
3131
IV. Labor Force Analysis for Women Using Illustrative Muliplicative Preferences
U =(Y –Y0 ) 0.5 (L - L0 ) 0.5
y0 = committed income, credit card payments and mortgage payments etc.
L0 = committed leisure, things you have to do around the house such as take care of the kids (soccer mom)
3333
Illustration of Multiplicative Preferences, Cobb-Douglas
0
1000
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3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Leisure
Inc
om
e
8 hours work, $25/hr
U =(Y –Y0 ) 0.5 (L - L0 ) 0.5 ,y0 =0 = L0
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30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10
RHOWOMEN WOMENPCTEMPL
National Labor Force Trends: Labor Force Participation Rate for Women (blue) and Women's Percentage of Employment (red)
3535
Housewife with $150/day of Husband’s $200/day for Household
Treat $150/day as her non-labor income so less likely to work
Possibly the story in the fifties and sixties
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Illustrative multiplicative preferences
0
500
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2500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30Leisure
Inc
om
e
U=80
U=100
Housewife with $150 of Husband’s $200
Non-labor
IncomeAt most wants to work ~ 4 hours
3838
Single Woman with Kids & Alimony
0
Illustrtive Multiplicative Preferences
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Leisure
Inc
om
e
U=80
U=100
Alimony
Wants to work at most six0 5
3939
Single Woman with Kids, No Alimony, & $150/day of Committed Income
Illustrtive Multiplicative Preferences
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Leisure
Inc
om
e
U=80
U=100
Wants to work ~ 8 hours
origin
4040
Modern Woman, Husband Earns $200/day, expenses plus mortgage amounts to $250/day: works 8 hours
Illustrative Multiplicative Preferences
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Leisure
Inc
om
e
U=80
U=100
origin
Wants to work ~ 8 hours/day
56
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10
FORCIBLE_RAPE_PER_100K
US Forcible Rape Offenses Per 100,000
59
0
10
20
30
40
50
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10
FORCIBLE_RAPES_PER_100K
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10
CLEARANCE_RATIO_RAPE
FBIUniformCrime Reports