11 Thermal Expansion in Solid, Liquid and Gas

THERMAL EXPANSION OF

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS & GASESTOPIC 11: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

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HOW DOES THE SIZE OF MATTER CHANGE DUE TO

THERMAL ENERGY?

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FOCUS ONTHE SUBSTANCE’S

SIZE

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OF THE MATTER

THERMAL ENERGY

CAN

Change the lengths of

solids

Change the volumes of liquids & gases

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WHAT DO WE KNOW?When heat is applied to a substance.

The substance’s size increases in all direction.

Heat Energy Applied

Expansion

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Heat Energy Applied

WHAT DO WE KNOW?When heat is removed from a substance.

The substance’s size decreases in all direction.

Heat Energy Removed

Contraction

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Heat Energy Removed

WHY DOES MATTER EXPAND

AND CONTRACT?

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ON HEATINGIts particles gain energy and vibrate more vigorously.

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The structure expands.

The increased movement causes an increase in the intermolecular distance.

ON COOLINGIts particles lose energy and vibrate less.

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The structure contracts.

The decreased movement causes a decrease in the intermolecular distance.

THERMAL EXPANSION

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SOLIDLIQUIDGAS

EXPANDS MORE THAN

EXPANDS MORE THAN

UNEVEN EXPANSION OF MATTERWhen two types of solids of different expansion rates are joined together the overall structure will expand

unevenly if heated.

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Uneven expansion causes the structure to bend.

Even ExpansionUneven

Expansion

UNEVEN EXPANSION OF MATTERThe direction of bending depends on the expansion rate of the solids and its position on the structure.

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The structure will bend downwards if the top layer

expand faster.

The structure will bend upwards if the bottom

layer expand faster.