1.1 General description - Sample dissolved in and transported by a mobile phase - Some components in sample interact more strongly with stationary phase and are more strongly retained - Sample separated into zones or bands 1.2 Classification (based one the types of mobile and stationary) - Gas chromatography (GC) - Liquid chromatography (LC) - Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)
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1.1 General description - Sample dissolved in and transported by a mobile phase - Some components in sample interact more strongly with stationary phase.
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1.1 General description- Sample dissolved in and transported by a mobile phase- Some components in sample interact more strongly with stationary phase and
are more strongly retained- Sample separated into zones or bands
1.2 Classification(based one the types of mobile and stationary)
- Higher mobile phase velocity, less time on column, less zone broadening
- However, plate height H also changes with flow rate
Fig. 26-7 (p.770) Effect of mobile-phase flow on plate height for GC.
3.3.2 van Deemter Equation
A: multipath term
- Molecules move through different paths
- Larger difference in path length for larger particles
- At low flow rates, diffusion allows particles to switch between paths quickly and reduces variation in transit time
Fig. 26-9 (p.773) Typical pathways of two molecules during elution.
uCuCu
BAH Ms
B/: Longitudinal diffusion term- Diffusion from central zone to front and tail- Proportional to analyte diffusion coefficient- Inversely proportional to flow rate - high flow, less time for diffusion
C:Mass transfer coefficients (CS and CM)
- CS is rate for adsorption onto stationary phase
- CM is rate for analyte to desorb from stationary phase
- Effect proportional to flow rate – at high flow rates less time to approach equilibrium
Fig. 26-10 (p.774) van Deemter plot.
Column resolution
Fig. 26-12 (p.776) Separation at three resolution values