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Map behavior to architectureMap behavior to architecture Use performance simulationUse performance simulation Perform communication refinementPerform communication refinement
Integrated flow to implementation Integrated flow to implementation
SystemSystemBehaviorBehavior
SystemSystemArchitectureArchitecture
MappingMapping
Flow To ImplementationFlow To Implementation
CommunicationRefinement
BehaviorBehaviorSimulationSimulation
PerformancePerformanceSimulationSimulation
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3
4
The Essence of Polis/Felix/VCC Project: Virtual The Essence of Polis/Felix/VCC Project: Virtual Component Co-designComponent Co-design
1988:1988:
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The next level of Abstraction …The next level of Abstraction …
abst
ract
Transistor ModelCapacity Load
1970’s
cluster
abst
ract
Gate Level ModelCapacity Load
1980’s
RTL
cluster
abst
ract
SDFWire Load
1990’s
IP Blocks
cluster
abst
ract
IP Block PerformanceInter IP Communication Performance Models
135,000 lines of C code with no comments135,000 lines of C code with no comments
First Step was to re-design software with methodology to map into different First Step was to re-design software with methodology to map into different
hardware platforms with little effort!hardware platforms with little effort!
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System SpecificationsSystem Specifications
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Fast NegativeForce Transient
min f(D, Mfuel) < max
Force Tracking
Fast PositiveForce Transient
Speed Tracking
n=n(.) n=n(.)
Idle &Trasm On
.G>0 | t>
. .G < GB| B=1
.G<0 | t>
. .G > GA
G > 0
G = 0
T > 0
T=0 T=0
(G>0)&(T>0)
T=0
fI(n) = 0 & G=0
fI(n,G) > 0
.G=0 & C=1
.G > 0| B = 1
T > 0
T=0
OUTPUT:
n - Engine Speedn - Engine SpeedFFG G - Generated ForceVVGG - Vehicle Speed - Vehicle Speed
n=n(G)FG=0
Rpm Trackingn=argmin(Mfuel)
Idle
FG=0
VG= VG(.)
Stopn=0
FG=0
Startup
FG=0n= .
G > 0G = 0
(n < nmin)| (K=Off) n > nstartup
K = Start
(n < nmin)| (K = Off)
FG=FG(G,T,n)FG=FG(G,T,n)
max D < max
min
FG=FG(G,T,n)
Mfuel < Mmax; D>Dmin
T>0 &G=0
INPUTS:
G - Gas PedalG - Gas PedalT - Clutch Pedal & Gear StickT - Clutch Pedal & Gear StickB - Brake PedalB - Brake PedalC - Cruise ControlC - Cruise Control
K - Key
D - Comfort
fI(n) = 0 & G=0
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GoalGoal
Develop guaranteed properties control algorithms for all Develop guaranteed properties control algorithms for all
power-train modespower-train modes
Implement control strategies on embedded controllers Implement control strategies on embedded controllers
“optimally” with respect to production cost, design time, “optimally” with respect to production cost, design time,
reliability, safetyreliability, safety
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Model of Power-trainModel of Power-train
Manifold
(continuous system)
Engine sub-system
Drive-line
(continuous system with changing dynamics)
Throttle opening angle
Spark timing Torque
Manifold pressure
Clutch Insertion/Release
Gear change
Vehicle Speed
Simple?
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CTSCTS
CTSCTS
Engine and Drive-lineEngine and Drive-line
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Engine and Drive-lineEngine and Drive-line
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Single Cylinder Hybrid ModelSingle Cylinder Hybrid Model
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Mean-Value Model: accurate over a longer time Mean-Value Model: accurate over a longer time
windowwindow regulation control problemsregulation control problems