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1.1 c h a p t e r 1 MANAGING THE MANAGING THE DIGITAL FIRM DIGITAL FIRM
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1.1 c h a p t e r 1 1 MANAGING THE DIGITAL FIRM DIGITAL FIRM.

Jan 18, 2016

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Page 1: 1.1 c h a p t e r 1 1 MANAGING THE DIGITAL FIRM DIGITAL FIRM.

1.1

c h a p t e r

11MANAGING THEMANAGING THE

DIGITAL FIRMDIGITAL FIRM

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• ANALYZE ROLE OF INFORMATION ANALYZE ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONSSYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS

• DEFINE INFORMATION SYSTEM, DEFINE INFORMATION SYSTEM, COMPUTER LITERACY, INFORMATION COMPUTER LITERACY, INFORMATION SYSTEMS LITERACYSYSTEMS LITERACY

• EXPLAIN HOW INFORMATION SYSTEMS EXPLAIN HOW INFORMATION SYSTEMS TRANSFORM ORGANIZATION & TRANSFORM ORGANIZATION & MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

**

LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES

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LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES

• ASSESS DIGITAL FIRM, ELECTRONIC ASSESS DIGITAL FIRM, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, ELECTRONIC BUSINESS, COMMERCE, ELECTRONIC BUSINESS, INTERNET TECHNOLOGYINTERNET TECHNOLOGY

• IDENTIFY MANAGEMENT IDENTIFY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES TO CHALLENGES TO BUILDING, BUILDING, USING USING INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEMS

**

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MANAGEMENT CHALLENGESMANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

• WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?WHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS?

• CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEMS

• ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

• USING INFORMATION SYSTEMSUSING INFORMATION SYSTEMS

**

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MANAGEMENT CHALLENGESMANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

1. DESIGN COMPETITIVE & EFFICIENT 1. DESIGN COMPETITIVE & EFFICIENT SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

2. UNDERSTAND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 2. UNDERSTAND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTIN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT

3. CREATE INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE 3. CREATE INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE THAT SUPPORTS ORGANIZATION’S THAT SUPPORTS ORGANIZATION’S GOALSGOALS

**

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MANAGEMENT CHALLENGESMANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

4. DETERMINE BUSINESS VALUE OF 4. DETERMINE BUSINESS VALUE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEMS

5. DESIGN SYSTEMS PEOPLE CAN 5. DESIGN SYSTEMS PEOPLE CAN CONTROL, UNDERSTAND & USE CONTROL, UNDERSTAND & USE

**

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THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENTTHE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT

• GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION

• INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIESINDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES

• TRANSFORMATION OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENTERPRISETHE ENTERPRISE

**

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GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION

• MANAGEMENT & CONTROLMANAGEMENT & CONTROL

• COMPETITION IN WORLD MARKETSCOMPETITION IN WORLD MARKETS

• GLOBAL WORK GROUPSGLOBAL WORK GROUPS

• GLOBAL DELIVERYGLOBAL DELIVERY SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

**

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INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIESINDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES

• KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIESKNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIES• PRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY• NEW PRODUCTS & SERVICESNEW PRODUCTS & SERVICES• KNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSETKNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSET• TIME-BASED COMPETITIONTIME-BASED COMPETITION• SHORTER PRODUCT LIFESHORTER PRODUCT LIFE• TURBULENT ENVIRONMENTTURBULENT ENVIRONMENT• LIMITED EMPLOYEE LIMITED EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE BASEKNOWLEDGE BASE

**

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TRANSFORMATION OF TRANSFORMATION OF ENTERPRISEENTERPRISE

• FLATTENINGFLATTENING• DECENTRALIZATIONDECENTRALIZATION• FLEXIBILITYFLEXIBILITY• LOCATION INDEPENDENCELOCATION INDEPENDENCE• LOW TRANSACTION COSTSLOW TRANSACTION COSTS• EMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENT• COLLABORATIVE WORKCOLLABORATIVE WORK

**

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EMERGENCE OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE DIGITAL FIRMDIGITAL FIRM

• DIGITALLY-ENABLED RELATIONSHIPS WITH DIGITALLY-ENABLED RELATIONSHIPS WITH CUSTOMERS, SUPPLIERS, EMPLOYEESCUSTOMERS, SUPPLIERS, EMPLOYEES

• CORE BUSINESS PROCESSES VIA DIGITAL CORE BUSINESS PROCESSES VIA DIGITAL NETWORKSNETWORKS

• DIGITAL MANAGEMENT OFDIGITAL MANAGEMENT OF KEY ASSETSKEY ASSETS

• RAPID SENSING & RAPID SENSING & RESPONDING TO CHANGERESPONDING TO CHANGE

**

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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1997

YEAR

% SERVICE

% WHITE COLLAR

% BLUE COLLAR

% FARMING

LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION 1900-1997LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION 1900-1997

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SYSTEMSYSTEM

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

FEEDBACK

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FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

FEEDBACK

INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

Customers SuppliersCustomers Suppliers

Regulatory Stockholders CompetitorsRegulatory Stockholders CompetitorsAgenciesAgencies

ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

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DATA & INFORMATIONDATA & INFORMATION

• DATA:DATA: STREAMS OF RAW FACTS STREAMS OF RAW FACTS REPRESENTING EVENTS SUCH AS REPRESENTING EVENTS SUCH AS BUSINESS TRANSACTIONSBUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

• INFORMATION:INFORMATION: CLUSTERS OF FACTS CLUSTERS OF FACTS MEANINGFUL & USEFULMEANINGFUL & USEFUL TO TO HUMAN BEINGS IN HUMAN BEINGS IN PROCESSES PROCESSES SUCH AS SUCH AS MAKING DECISIONSMAKING DECISIONS

**

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COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS SYSTEMS (CBIS)(CBIS)

• FORMAL SYSTEMSFORMAL SYSTEMS

• FIXED DEFINITIONS OF DATA, FIXED DEFINITIONS OF DATA, PROCEDURESPROCEDURES

• COLLECTING, STORING, COLLECTING, STORING, PROCESSING, DISSEMINATING, PROCESSING, DISSEMINATING, USING DATAUSING DATA

**

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INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEMS

ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

INFORMATIOINFORMATIONN

SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

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ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS

• PEOPLE:PEOPLE: Managers, knowledge Managers, knowledge workers, data workers, production or workers, data workers, production or service workersservice workers

• STRUCTURE:STRUCTURE: Organization Organization chart, groups of specialists, chart, groups of specialists, products, geographyproducts, geography

**

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ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS

• OPERATING PROCEDURES:OPERATING PROCEDURES: Standard Operating Procedures Standard Operating Procedures (SOP),(SOP), rules for action rules for action

• POLITICS:POLITICS: Power to persuade, Power to persuade, get things doneget things done

• CULTURE:CULTURE: Customs of Customs of behaviorbehavior

**

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MAJOR MAJOR BUSINESS FUNCTIONSBUSINESS FUNCTIONS

• SALES & MARKETINGSALES & MARKETING

• MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING

• FINANCEFINANCE

• ACCOUNTINGACCOUNTING

• HUMAN RESOURCESHUMAN RESOURCES

**

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COMPUTERCOMPUTER TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY

• HARDWAREHARDWARE

• SOFTWARESOFTWARE

• STORAGESTORAGE

• COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

• NETWORKSNETWORKS

**

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SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGY

POLITICAL POLITICAL SCIENCESCIENCE

PSYCHOLOGYPSYCHOLOGY

COMPUTER COMPUTER

SCIENCESCIENCEOPERATIONS OPERATIONS

RESEARCHRESEARCH

MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

SCIENCESCIENCE

TECHNICAL APPROACHESTECHNICAL APPROACHES

APPROACHES TO INFO SYSTEMSAPPROACHES TO INFO SYSTEMS

MISMIS

BEHAVIORAL APPROACHESBEHAVIORAL APPROACHES

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SOCIOTECHNICAL PERSPECTIVESOCIOTECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE

OPTIMIZE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE:OPTIMIZE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE:

TECHNOLOGY & ORGANIZATION TECHNOLOGY & ORGANIZATION MUTUALLY ADJUST TO MUTUALLY ADJUST TO

ONE ANOTHERONE ANOTHER

UNTIL FIT IS SATISFACTORYUNTIL FIT IS SATISFACTORY

**

SOURCE: Liker, et al, 1987

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SYSTEM INTERDEPENDENCESYSTEM INTERDEPENDENCE

BUSINESSBUSINESS

StrategyStrategy

RulesRules

ProceduresProcedures

ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM

HARDWAREHARDWARE

SOFTWARESOFTWARE DATABASEDATABASE

TELE-TELE-COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

INTERDEPENDENCEINTERDEPENDENCE

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• 1950s:1950s: TECHNICAL CHANGES TECHNICAL CHANGES• 60s-70s:60s-70s: MANAGERIAL MANAGERIAL CONTROLCONTROL• 80s-90s:80s-90s: INSTITUTIONAL INSTITUTIONAL CORE CORE

ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES

GROWING IMPORTANCEGROWING IMPORTANCE

**

SCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMSSCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMS

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WHAT YOU CAN DO ON THE WHAT YOU CAN DO ON THE INTERNETINTERNET

• COMMUNICATE & COLLABORATECOMMUNICATE & COLLABORATE

• ACCESS INFORMATIONACCESS INFORMATION

• DISCUSSDISCUSS

• OBTAIN INFORMATIONOBTAIN INFORMATION

• ENTERTAINENTERTAIN

• TRANSACT BUSINESS TRANSACT BUSINESS

**

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NEW OPTIONS FOR NEW OPTIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGNORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN

• FLATTENING ORGANIZATIONSFLATTENING ORGANIZATIONS• SEPARATING WORK FROM LOCATIONSEPARATING WORK FROM LOCATION• REORGANIZING WORK-FLOWSREORGANIZING WORK-FLOWS• INCREASING FLEXIBILITYINCREASING FLEXIBILITY• REDEFINING REDEFINING ORGANIZATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL

BOUNDARIESBOUNDARIES

**

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THE DIGITAL FIRMTHE DIGITAL FIRM

• ELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC COMMERCE

• ELECTRONIC BUSINESSELECTRONIC BUSINESS

• ELECTRONIC MARKET:ELECTRONIC MARKET: Information Information system links buyers & sellers to system links buyers & sellers to exchange information, exchange information, products, services, paymentsproducts, services, payments

**

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ELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC COMMERCE

• INTERNET LINKS BUYERS, SELLERSINTERNET LINKS BUYERS, SELLERS

• LOWERS TRANSACTION COSTSLOWERS TRANSACTION COSTS

• GOODS & SERVICES GOODS & SERVICES ADVERTISED, BOUGHT, EXCHANGED ADVERTISED, BOUGHT, EXCHANGED WORLDWIDEWORLDWIDE

• BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS INCREASINGTRANSACTIONS INCREASING

**

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ELECTRONIC BUSINESSELECTRONIC BUSINESS

• INTRANET:INTRANET: Business builds private, Business builds private, secure networksecure network

• E-MAIL, WEB DOCUMENTS, GROUP E-MAIL, WEB DOCUMENTS, GROUP SOFTWARE:SOFTWARE: Extends effective Extends effective communication & controlcommunication & control

• EXTRANET:EXTRANET: Extension of Extension of Intranet to authorized external Intranet to authorized external usersusers

**

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c h a p t e r

11MANAGING THEMANAGING THE

DIGITAL FIRMDIGITAL FIRM