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VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management Sep-Oct 2010 1

Highlights

Pyrolysis of waste plastic and tyres

Environment-friendly refrigerator recycling

Biochemical process halves water purification cost

Pickle spoilage bacteria may help environment

Enhanced anaerobic bioremediation

Portable dust and fume collector

Vol. 5 No. 100 Sep - Oct 2010

ISSN 0971-5665

WWWWWasteasteasteasteaste ManaManaManaManaManagggggementementementementementV A T I S U P D A T E

A PCT TASIAN AND PACIFIC CENTRE FOR TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGYPartner for the Future.

Worldwide.


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2 VATIS UPDATE: Waste Management Sep-Oct 2010

The shaded areas of the map indicate ESCAP members and associate members

The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (APCTT), a subsidiarybody of ESCAP, was established on 16 July 1977 with the objectives: to assist themembers and associate members of ESCAP through strengthening their capabilities todevelop and manage national innovation systems; develop, transfer, adapt and applytechnology; improve the terms of transfer of technology; and identify and promote the

development and transfer of technologies relevant to the region.

The Centre will achieve the above objectives by undertaking such functions as:

Research and analysis of trends, conditions and opportunities;

Advisory services;

Dissemination of information and good practices;

Networking and partnership with international organizations and key stakeholders; and

Training of national personnel, particularly national scientists and policy analysts.

Cover Photo

Argonne National Laboratorys mechanical separationplant for separating polymers and metals from

shredder residue. (Credit: Argonne NationalLaboratory, the United States)


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VATIS* UpdateWaste Management

is published 6 times a year to keep thereaders up to date of most of therelevant and latest technological

developments and events in the field of

waste management. The Update istailored to policy-makers, industries andtechnology transfer intermediaries.

Website: http://www.techmonitor.net

Editorial Board

Dr. Krishnamurthy Ramanathan, APCTTMr. Nanjundappa Srinivasan, APCTT

Dr. Satyabrata Sahu, APCTTDr. Krishnan Srinivasaraghavan, APCTT

Dr. Jurgen Porst, HAWA Project,German Technical Cooperation (GTZ)

Dr. D. B. Boralkar, Maharashtra Pollution

Control Board, India

ASIAN AND PACIFIC CENTREFOR TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY

Adjoining Technology BhawanQutab Institutional Area

Post Box No. 4575New Delhi 110 016, IndiaTel: (91) (11) 2696 6509

Fax: (91) (11) 2685 6274E-mail: [email protected]

Website: http://www.apctt.org

GTZ - GERMAN TECHNICAL

COOPERATIONAdvisory Services on EnvironmentalManagement (ASEM)A-33, Gulmohar Park

New Delhi 110 049, IndiaTel: (91) (11) 2661 1021/2652 8840

Fax: (91) (11) 2653 7676E-mail: [email protected]

Website: http://www.asemindia.com

The designation employed andthe presentation of material in the

publication do not imply theendorsement of any product, process

or manufacturer by APCTT or GTZ.

This publication is supported bythe German Agency for Technical

Cooperation (GTZ), Germany.

This publication has been issued withoutformal editing

* Value Added TechnologyInformation Service

CONTENTSVol. 5 No. 100 Sep - Oct 2010

INININININ THETHETHETHETHE NEWSNEWSNEWSNEWSNEWS 44444

ISO specifications for safer ship recycling China pushes for recycling

of used appliances India planning to ban import of e-waste

Bangladesh bans coastline lease for ship-breaking yards Growth

outlook for Malaysias medical waste management Indonesia holds

firms responsible for product life cycles Alliance for e-waste recycling

unit China surpasses pollution reduction targets for 2010 Green gold

from plastic junk

PLASTICPLASTICPLASTICPLASTICPLASTIC WASTESWASTESWASTESWASTESWASTES 77777

GRP waste powers cement production Recyclable alternative for

composite car parts Novel polyurethanes with recycled PET Processto combine different plastics Pyrolysis of waste plastic and tyres

Recycling of heterogenous plastics waste Producing fuel from plastic

waste

ELECTRONICELECTRONICELECTRONICELECTRONICELECTRONIC WASTEWASTEWASTEWASTEWASTE 99999

Recycling process for precious metals New process for prospecting

for gold from electronic waste Environment-friendly refrigerator recycling

process

INDUSTRIALINDUSTRIALINDUSTRIALINDUSTRIALINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERWASTEWATERWASTEWATERWASTEWATERWASTEWATER 1010101010

Treatment systems for industrial effluent Water filtration system for

near-total removal of hydrocarbons Biochemical process halves waterpurification cost Successful sludge-to-power research Pickle

spoilage bacteria may help environment Removal of selenium from

wastewater Integrated ozone-UV advanced oxidation system

Treatment system for fluctuating waste loads

BIOREMEDIATIONBIOREMEDIATIONBIOREMEDIATIONBIOREMEDIATIONBIOREMEDIATION 1313131313

Soy microemulsion for groundwater remediation A bacterial nemesis

for oil spills Bioremediation of polluted raw water New oil-degrading

microbe found DNA microarray Enhanced anaerobic

bioremediation

AIRAIRAIRAIRAIR POLLUTIONPOLLUTIONPOLLUTIONPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION CONTROLCONTROLCONTROLCONTROLCONTROL 1515151515

Plastic from industrial waste gas Added NOx reduction Decreasing

odour, pollution levels NOx removal system New technology for NOx

control From diesel engines to power stations Portable dust and

fume collector SCR system for power generating equipment Industrial

fume scrubbers Nanometal catalyst lowers petrol exhaust system cost

RECENTRECENTRECENTRECENTRECENT PUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONS 1818181818

TECHTECHTECHTECHTECH EVENTSEVENTSEVENTSEVENTSEVENTS 1818181818


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IN THE NEWS

ISO specifications forsafer ship recycling

The International Organization forStandardization (ISO) has publishedtwo new specifications on ship re-cycling management that will helpincrease workers safety and envi-ronmental protection. Though shiprecycling contributes to sustain-able development and is the mostenvironmentally friendly way of dis-posing of ships, many reports havetargeted bad working practices andnegative environmental impacts.

The ISO documents that will con-

tribute to improved practices andlower environmental impacts arethe publicly available specifications(PAS) ISO/PAS 30006:2010, Shiprecycling management systems Diagrams to show the location ofhazardous materials on-board shipsand ISO/PAS 30007:2010, Shipsand marine technology Measuresto prevent asbestos emission andexposure during ship recycling. BothPASs answer market expectationsrelated to environment, safety, healthand welfare matters in the ship re-cycling industry.

Mr. Yoshida, Chairman of ISO/TC8/SC2, Marine Environment Pro-tection, points out that the PASswill help ship recyclers to fulfil therequirements of the Hong Kong In-ternational Convention for the Safeand Environmentally Sound Recy-cling of Ships, 2009. Under the HongKong Convention, ships to be sent

for recycling are required to carryan inventory of hazardous materi-als. ISO/PAS 30006:2010 specifiesthe requirements for diagrams thatlocate the hazardous materials onboard. ISO/PAS 30007:2010 pro-vides effective ways to reducing boththe release of asbestos into theenvironment and worker exposureto asbestos.

Source: www.iso.org

China pushes forrecycling ofused appliances

A new mandate concerning the dis-posal of used home appliances andelectronic products will be effectivestarting from 1 January 2011, indicat-ing that environmental sustainabi-lity remains a top priority in China.TVs, refrigerators, air-conditioners,washing machines and computersare among the first batch of usedelectronic products included in arecycling catalogue drafted jointlyby the National Development andReform Commission (NDRC), theMinistry of Environmental Protec-tion and the Ministry of Industry andInformation Technology. The cata-logue provides details for the im-plementation of the Regulations onthe Administration of Recycling ofAbandoned Home Appliances andElectronic Products of August 2008.

In the past, because of the lack of arecycling infrastructure, householdappliances were purchased by scrap

traders, resulting in the waste ofresources such as iron, steel andplastics, not to mention serious pol-lution. Abandoned appliances willbe collected through various chan-nels and treated together to fullyutilize the resources. Companiesinvolved in the recycling and dispo-sal sectors will receive governmentsubsidies, according to an NDRCofficial. Solutions to issues like re-cycling charges and payment meth-ods have still not been disclosed.

Source: english.cri.cn

India planning toban import of e-waste

The Government of India is consi-dering a ban on the import of usedcomputers and other such electronicwaste primarily from developed na-tions such as Australia, Canada,

the United States and some parts ofEurope following several cases ofe-waste smuggling being exposed.The e-waste issue assumed signi-ficance after some containers with

large quantities of such waste wasseized by the Directorate of RevenueIntelligence (DRI). The imports weremade despite a prohibition order inthis regard. The seized containerscarried hundreds of tonnes of out-dated computers and other e-wastesourced from Australia, Canada, theRepublic of Korea and Brunei Dar-ussalam in violation of norms. E-waste from some other countries isbeing dumped in India using loop-holes in domestic rules that allownon-government organizations andeducational institutions to importsuch gadgets freely.

The government, through a publicnotice on 13 May 2010, had prohi-bited educational and other institu-tions from importing used computerequipment and peripherals: a stepjust short of a complete ban on suchimports. Environmental agenciesworldwide estimate dumping of e-

waste in India is likely to go up by500 per cent in the next 10 years.They estimate that India generatesnearly 400,000 t/y of e-waste andthat this figure is likely to doublein the next few years. The country,however, lacks effective disposalmechanisms.

Source:economictimes.indiatimes.com

Bangladesh bans

coastline lease forship-breaking yards

In Bangladesh, a High Court hasbanned the lease of coastal land toship-breaking yards. The Court hasruled that the government and localauthorities cannot issue leases onbeaches or coastal land for com-mercial purposes. The Court alsorevoked leases of five new yards


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In the News

set up on forest department land in2009. The government will now haveto designate specific areas of coast-line for ship-breaking.

Dismantling old ships is a major in-dustry in Bangladesh, yielding morethan two-thirds of domestic steeland creating tens of thousands ofjobs. About one-third of the worldscondemned ships are dismantledat about 100 sprawling shipyardsalong the south-eastern coastlineon beaches leased from local autho-rities. The High Court verdict followsa recent Supreme Court ruling thatsaid all ships scrapped in Bangla-desh must be certified toxic-free by

the selling nations environmentalauthorities. The government triedto impose the standards in January2010 but was forced to back downafter lengthy strikes by shipyards.Iron prices shot up 20 per cent whenthe breaking yards shut down.

Source: www.google.com

Growth outlook forMalaysias medical

waste managementMedical waste management is ahealthy industry in Malaysia, withan outlook for strong growth overthe coming years, a recent Frost& Sullivan report has revealed. In2009, the sector took some US$200million in revenue, while managing,processing and disposing of about16,000 tonnes of discarded medicaldevices, equipment and bio-waste.

Often perceived as a low-growthindustry, Malaysias medial wastemanagement sector is based on thecradle-to-grave concept, where thecountrys three hospital waste con-cessionaires are responsible forevery step in the life cycle of medicalwaste, including the supply of con-sumables. Onus for the initial seg-regation and storage of the wasteis on the health-care providers.

Based on a recent survey, Frost &Sullivan estimates that the totalquantity of hospital waste producedin Malaysia could reach 33,000 t/y by 2020. This is more than double

the current 16,000 t/y and consider-ably more than the 18,000 t/y capa-city of the current infrastructure forincineration. Besides highlightingthe need for additional incineratorcapacity, the report suggests thatthere is also scope to improve theprocess of waste management fromhospital to incinerator. Innovativeproducts that decrease waste hand-ling risk factors, waste compactingtechnologies and automated wastedelivery systems are expected tobe widely adopted by Malaysianhospitals.

Source: www.waste-management-world.com

Indonesia holdsfirms responsible forproduct life cycles

Companies operating in Indonesiawill be held responsible for the life

cycle of their products as well asits packaging. Following two yearsof deliberation, the plan outlined ina draft government regulation is in-tended to control waste that eithercannot decompose or takes a longtime to deteriorate. The draft regu-lation promotes extended producerresponsibility (EPR) that requiresproducers to take back their wasteproducts for recycling. The mainEPR targets are food and beverage

companies and producers of con-sumer goods. Many of them stillmake no effort to recollect the hugeamount of waste that they produce,says Mr. Ujang Solihin Sidik, actinghead of the Environment Ministryswaste management unit.

The EPR system is needed to dealwith the increasing amount of plas-tic litter. Noodle companies produceover 11 billion plastic pieces each

year, most of which go into eitherlandfills or rivers. Under EPR, com-panies are required to make eco-products from degradable materials.

The draft stipulates that producersshould manage their packaging and/or products that do not decomposeby natural processes. It instructsthat company waste reduction ef-forts should follow the EPR route,and also makes it mandatory forproducers, companies, importersand distributors to use easily de-gradable raw materials and supportrecycling methods that do not posethreats to human health. Data fromthe Central Statistic Agency shows

the country generated 51 milliontonnes of waste in 2008, close to60 per cent of which was dumpedin landfills and the remaining wasburned in the open or dumped inrivers. The draft requires producersto put labels on products informingconsumers if the products used re-cyclable materials. Under the draft,the government will also promoteincentives such as tax and importduty reductions for companies that

make efforts to reduce waste. TheEnvironment Ministry will publiclyannounce the names of companiesthat fail to abide by the regulation.

Source: www.thejakartapost.com

Alliance for e-wasterecycling unit

Cerebra Integrated Technologies, aleading total IT Solutions providerin India, has announced a strategic

alliance with Cimelia Resource Re-covery Pte. Ltd., a subsidiary armof Enviro-Hub Holdings Ltd., Singa-pore, to establish Indias largest e-waste recycling unit. The strategicalliance will enable Cerebra to ac-quire global expertise and technol-ogy support of Cimelia, a leader ine-waste management solutions, toset up the proposed unit on 10 acresof land in Bangalore. Cimelia will be


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PLASTIC WASTES

GRP waste powerscement production

Denmark-based pultrusion proces-sor Fiberline has struck a deal withthe waste-to-fuels company ZajonsLogistik Entsorgungsgesellschaft(ZLE), Germany, to supply surplusglass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP)for thermal recycling in cement pro-duction. Fiberline sends its GRPwaste to ZLE, where it is shreddedand other recycled waste added toachieve a defined calorific value ex-ceeding that of the polyester resinalone. The modified waste is thensent to Holcim, ZLEs parent com-

pany, where the waste is fed intoits cement kilns to provide processheat, with the glass fibre contentsubstituting for sand.

Fiberline says that recycling 1,000t of its GRP profile waste in cementproduction saves around 450 t ofcoal, 200 t of chalk, 200 t of sandand 150 t of aluminium oxide. It alsoeliminates Fiberlines GRP wastedisposal problem. Prior to adoptingthis thermal recycling route, recy-cling of GRP was limited to grindingit into fine and coarse fractions topartially substitute mineral filler andglass fibre reinforcement in newGRP formulations, such as sheet/bulk moulding compound.

Source:www.europeanplasticsnews.com

Recyclablealternative for

composite car parts

At Fraunhofer Institute for Chemi-cal Technology (FICT) in Germany,researchers have developed a newmethod for producing thermoplasticfibre composite materials designedfor large-scale vehicle construction.Once these materials have reachedend of life, they can be shredded,melted down and reused to pro-

duce further high-quality parts. Thematerials are also claimed to per-form significantly better in crashesthan current materials: the thermo-plastic components reinforced with

textile structures absorb the forcesgenerated in a collision through vis-coelastic deformation of the matrixmaterial without splintering.

FICT engineers have developed aprocess that makes it possible tomanufacture around 100,000 partsper year. In the thermoplastic resintransfer moulding (T-RTM) process,the composite is formed in a singlestep. To improve the crash behavi-our of a vehicles overall structure,

FICT engineers have ascertainedthe optimum fibre placement. Thecost of thermoplastic matrix mate-rial and the cost of T-RTM processare both up to 50 per cent less thanthe equivalent costs for thermosetstructures, FICT claims.

Source:www.europeanplasticsnews.com

Novel polyurethanes

with recycled PETIn the Islamic Republic of Iran, res-earchers at Amirkabir University ofTechnology and New TechnologyResearch Centre report to have re-cycled polyethylene terephthalate(PET) waste into polyurethanes. Inthis research, waste PET fibres weredepolymerized through aminolysisusing excess amount of ethanol-amine in the presence of sodiumacetate as catalyst. The scientists

characterized the product of theaminolysis, bis(2-hydroxy ethylene)terephthalamide (BHETA), and syn-thesized polyurethanes based onBHETA using pre-polymer method.They investigated the mechanicaland thermal properties of this syn-thesized polyurethane and studiedthe effect of BHETA as a chain ex-tender on various properties of thepolyurethanes.

Results show that BHETA has animportant role in strengthening ofpolyurethane by increasing hydro-gen bonding between polyurethanechains effectively. The tensile tests

indicate that increasing of BHETAcontent leads to an increase in thepolymers strength and stiffness.The chemical resistance of poly-urethane, however, decreases withincreasing BHETA. This phenome-non was attributed to the fact thatthe aromatic rings increases the dis-tance between the chains. Hence,chemicals can penetrate in polymermatrix easily and the polyurethanedecomposes rapidly.

Source: www.materialsviews.com

Process to combinedifferent plastics

Green Polymer Technologies Inc.,the United States, is marketing itsproprietary technology which usesa chemical process to combine dif-ferent types of plastics to thoseproducing large amounts of mixedplastic waste. Repelletizing and re-

using mixed plastic scrap throughGreen Polymers technology is aneconomically viable approach, saysMr. Donald Sullivan, the companysfounder and President, becauseyou dont have to have any sortingto use our technology. Sorting thescrap plastic always has been thebig economic roadblock in manyrecycling operations. Because handsorting is not financially viable, anystandard plastic recycling operation

needs to have more capital invest-ment. Mr. Sullivan estimates that arecycling plant using Green Poly-mers technology could be built andinstalled for about US$4 million. Byusing the firms technology, mixedplastic scrap can be repelletizedand used in products ranging fromsound barriers to mouldings, trimand decking extrusions.

Source: www.plasticsnews.com


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Pyrolysis of wasteplastic and tyres

The increasing use of pyrolysis ofwaste plastic and tyres has madepyrolysis plants commercially via-ble. Development of more efficientcatalysts that reduce the reactiontime and reaction temperature, shiftfrom batch type process to continu-ous type, advanced heat exchangesystems, and the development ofelectrical generators that can befired on pyrolysis gas have addedto the profitability of pyrolysis tech-nology. Pyrolysis plants generatequality fuel (pyrolysis oil and hydro-

carbon gas) and carbon black frompolymer waste.

Pyrocrat Systems, India, is one ofthe companies that supply turnkeyplyrolysis plants for waste plasticand tyres. Pyrocrat plants recoverenergy and value from waste in theform of fuel and charcoal in an eco-friendly and commercially viable re-cycling process. The pyrolysis oilproduced can be used as a directsubstitute for light diesel oil/furnace

oil.

The pyrolysis plant operates underthe following process conditions:

Reaction temperature of 350to450C;

Pyrolysis in absence of oxygen;

Continuous feed and removal ofinput and output products; and

Scrubbing of pyrolysis oil andhydrocarbon gases and flue gases

to prevent pollution.The pyrolysis plant comprise severalmachinery and equipment such as:sorter, shredder, conveyors, feederunits, reactor, airlock carbon blackremoval systems, condensation andscrubbing systems, filtration anddewaxing systems, and storagesystems for oil/gas. For 1,000 kgof plastic waste, the plant yields:450-500 litres of pyrolysis oil; 100-

120 kg of hydrocarbon gas; and 300-350 gg of carbon black. For 1,000kg of radial tyre scrap, it provides:400-450 litres of pyrolysis oil; 80-100 kg of hydrocarbon gas, 275-325

kg of carbon black; and 80-100 kgof mild steel wire scrap. Contact:Pyrocrat Systems Ltd., C-209, CBDBelapur Railway Station Commer-cial Complex, Sec-1A, CBD Bela-pur, Navi Mumbai, 400 614, India.Tel: +91 (22) 2756 3816, 3299 0790;Fax: +91 (22) 2757 2832,/ 2757 4535;E-mail: [email protected].

www.pyrolysisplant.com

Recycling ofheterogenousplastics waste

Plastic recycling systems from theItalian company Longinotti are ableto transform heterogeneous flexibleand rigid plastic wastes, generallywithout either particular sorting orwashing, into quality end products.These end products are resistantto shock, breakage and wear, andcan advantageously replace wood,concrete and even steel since theyare sterile, rotproof, resists mildew,waterproof, resistant to chemicalsand unvarying. They can be sawed,planed, machined, nailed, welded,glued, coloured and painted.

The waste material, baled or loose,is loaded on preparation lines wherethey are shredded and conveyed toa granulator or densifier, dependingon whether it is rigid of flexible, and

stored in stocking silos. From thesesilos it is sent to the mixing silos,and the blend is introduced into aspecial extruder to produce a homo-geneous paste without any degra-dation of the material.

The extruder feeds to a set of low-pressure, water-cooled moulds ac-cording to their size assembled indifferent arrangement like revolvingdrum, revolving table or horizontal

line. After the cooling phase, theend product is ejected. The systemhas a production capacity of 300 to900 kg/h, according to the extruder.Higher capacities are available on

request. The moulds, made from aspecial aluminium alloy, are simple,interchangeable and, thanks to thelow working pressure, relatively in-expensive. Longinottis plastic recy-cling plants need very few workersfor its operation.Contact: LonginottiGroup S.r.l., Via Provinciale Luc-chese, 201, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino(FI), Italy. Tel: +39 (55) 302321; Fax:+39 (55) 341120; E-mail: [email protected].

Source: www.longinotti.com

Producing fuelfrom plastic waste

Samki Teck, India, offers a novel andcost-effective technology to extractfuel from waste plastics and rubber.This process involves pyrolysis, thethermal degradation in the absenceof oxygen. Plastic or rubber wasteis treated in a cylindrical chamber

at a temperature of 370- 420C.The polymer is gently cracked byadding catalyst and the pyrolysisgases are condensed in a series ofcondensers to yield a distillate withlow sulphur content. Input materialsinclude mixed plastic scrap in anyform, carry bags (even less than 20microns), mono/multilayer pouchesand sachets, rigid plastic materi-als, disposable cups, woven sacks,tyre scrap, carpets, cable sheath,

etc. The process outputs furnaceoil (40-60 per cent) and carbon black(10-20 per cent) both productsthat have wide markets. Contact:Samki Teck Resources, 12-2-709/c/207, Padmanabha Nagar Colony,Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad 500 028,India. Tel: +91 (40) 30525157; Fax:+91 (40) 30788637; E-mail: [email protected].

Source: www.samkigroup.in

Plastic Wastes


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INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

Treatment systemsfor industrial effluent

Meitler Consulting Inc. (MCI), theUnited States, provides treatmentsystems and components for al-most all industrial needs. Modulartreatment systems of different sizeswith a variety of options are availa-ble, including smaller skid-mountedsystems and custom-built systemswith various degrees of automation.

For waste stream volumes of 190to 45,425 litres/day, the companysself-contained band filter treatmentsystem is a suitable choice. These

powerful and proven packages thatneed only a small footprint can befitted with state-of-the-art automa-tion. Treatment tank, de-wateringand holding tank are all provided ina single package. Fitted with PLCcontrol, pH monitoring, chemicalfeed and advanced programming,the performance of these systemsexceed most larger scale modularsystems. Contact: Meitler Consult-ing Inc., 11935 Kaw Drive, KansasCity, Kansas 66111, United States

of America.

Source:www.environmental-expert.com

Water filtration systemfor near-total removalof hydrocarbons

Environmental management firmProcon Environmental Technologies,South Africa, has developed a tech-

nology that allows water contami-nated from heavy industries to besafely and more quickly dischargedinto the environment. The MyCelxwater filtration system can remove99.9 per cent of the hydrocarbons.The MyCelx filtration system enablescompanies in the mining, manufac-turing, energy, as well as oil and gasindustries to remove hydrocarbons,ranging from benzene, toluene, ethyl

benzene and xylenes (BTEX), crudeoil and sheen to chlorinated hydro-carbons, polychlorinated biphenylsand organically bound metals fromtheir wastewaters quickly and effec-

tively. This process can be achievedby combining MyCelx with anotherProcon solution, the Ultraspin oilywater separation solution.

Ultraspin hydrocyclone technologyis able to remove 95 per cent of 10-15 m oil droplets from the water.The MyCelx is then installed afterthe Ultraspin process to filter outthe remaining hydrocarbons. As aproduct with Lloyds of London cer-tificate for the removal of type C oil

emulsions, the MyCelx system canbe used in industry applications thatrange from diesel depots to oil ter-minals and fuel storage depots. Oncontact with MyCelx, oily pollutantsin the air and water bond and arepermanently attached to the filtermedia. With the use of either My-Celx engineered oil and hydrocarbonremoval filters or filtration processsolutions, the air and water are freeof oil and hydrocarbons: 99.9 per

cent of hydrocarbon contaminantsare removed in a single pass. Thesystem is environment friendly anddoes not release any hydrocarbonchain. It permanently binds slightlysoluble organic compounds as wellas colloidal metals, and its visco-elastic nature will not allow releaseof pollutants.

Source:www.engineeringnews.co.za

Biochemical processhalves waterpurification cost

A new biochemical carbon dioxide(CO

2) water purification process from

Krebs & Sisler, the United States,halves the cost of turning effluentand salt water into potable water.Krebs & Sislers method combinesphotosynthesis with photocatalysis.The method involves water purifica-tion through a rapid growth in bio-mass that can also be harvestedand used for human or animal con-sumption. The treatment method is

expected to produce potable waterfor half the cost of reverse osmosisin large continuous flow volumes.

As the storehouse for atmosphericoxygen, CO

2is the resource for re-

cycling both oxygen and carbon.With the new process, CO

2can be

separated through photosynthesisat a high rate. As CO

2is separated,

the carbon grows biomass and theoxygen is released to enrich the air.The process is good for salt water,

sewage and industrial wastewater.The biomass from algae speciessuch as Spirulina is produced bythe concurrent use of photosynthe-sis and photocatalysis. The bio-mass growth rate in deep well-litenclosed cells is expected to be100 times the natural rate becauseall factors related to culturing thealgae can be optimized in the con-tinuous hydroponic process.

Algae biomass absorbs minerals

dissolved in water and mineralscontained in organic and inorganiccompounds released by the photo-chemical action of photocatalysis.Photosynthesis purifies the waterby mineral absorption. The result-ing biomass is 50 per cent carbonand may be dried for fuel, or a farmanimal feed supplement or humannutrient because of its high valuesof protein (60 per cent and carbo-

MyCelx water filtration system forhydrocarbon removal


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hydrate (20 per cent) plus the pre-sence of vitamins A, B and E. Whenreleased, the oxygen bound in CO

2

can be released to fortify the atmo-sphere or for fuel combustion.

Source: www.upi.com

Successful sludge-to-power research

At the University of Nevada, Reno,the United States, researchers areattempting to transform wastewatersludge to electrical power. The pro-cess that they are developing at theTruckee Meadows Water Recla-mation Facility is expected to, ulti-mately, supply the electrical powerthat the plant requires. According toDr. Chuck Coronella, the principalinvestigator of the research project,the researchers are pleased with theresults of the demonstration test-ing. The process to dry the sludgeto make it burnable for a gasifica-tion process that would finally yieldelectricity has been working well.This important step in the researchprocesses about 9 kg/h of sludge

in a continuous feed system to pro-duce about 1.4 kg/h of dried sludgepowder.

The processing machine that theresearch team custom-built uses aprocess with relatively low tempera-tures in a fluidized bed of sand andsalts to economically produce thebiomass fuel from the sludge. Thenew patent-pending, energy-efficient,low-cost technology is an experi-mental carbon-neutral system. The

solid fuel it produces will be ana-lysed for its suitability to be usedfor fuel through gasification, and therefrigerator-size demonstration unitwill help researchers determine theoptimum conditions for commercial-scale operation. The demonstrationproject is a collaboration with thecities of Reno and Sparks, operatorsof the wastewater plant. The twocity councils signed an interlocal

agreement to allow the research tointegrate into their operation, provi-ding the space and other resourcesto help make the project a success.

Source:www.waterandwastewater.com

Pickle spoilagebacteria may helpenvironment

Spoilage bacteria that cause redcolouration on pickles skin duringfermentation might help clean up

dyes in wastewater from the textileindustry, according to a study bythe Agricultural Research Service(ARS) United States Department ofAgriculture (USDA). Some speciesof Lactobacillifood related micro-organisms can cause red colouringwhen combined with tartrazine, ayellow food colouring agent used inthe manufacture of dill pickles. ARSmicrobiologist Ms. Ilenys Perez-Diaz and colleagues have found that

these Lactobacillimay also haveenvironmental benefits.

Researchers from the ARS FoodScience Research Unit noted thatseveral Lactobacillimodify azo dyesused in the textile industry and maywind up in wastewater if untreated.These azo dyes impart vivid andwarm colours such as red, orangeand yellow to fabric. While many azodyes are non-toxic, some are muta-

genic. According to Ms. Perez-Diaz,considerable effort has been madeto identify micro-organisms capa-ble of degrading azo dyes in waste-water. If food-grade Lactobacilliare

found to be capable of degrading arange of azo dyes, they might be-come organisms of choice for waste-water treatment applications. Seventreatments were tested to find a pre-ventive measure for red-colouredspoilage. Ms. Perez-Diaz found thatadding sodium benzoate preventedbacterial growth and the develop-ment of red-coloured spoilage indill pickles.

Source: www.newswise.com

Removal of seleniumfrom wastewater

Kroff Facilities Services (KFS), theUnited States, offers a consistent,cost-effective way to remove sele-nium from industrial wastewater.The companys solution is at workat a world-class refinery that hasa throughput capacity of more than160,000 barrels/day of crude oil.

The refinerys product line includespetroleum, diesel, jet fuel, residualfuels and petrochemical feedstock.The refinery has a large wastewatertreatment system that can treat upto 17,000 litres/minute of generalwastewater. This situation present-ed a two-fold need to consistentlymeet the selenium level concentra-tion of 12 ppb, and that too usinga process that would reduce costsof operating the wastewater treat-

ment system.KFS research uncovered a uniquetechnology that uses an absorptionprocess to remove selenium, andpossibly eliminate or at least signi-ficantly reduce the use of treatmentchemicals, thereby reducing operat-ing costs. The technology demon-stration programme was conductedin three phases Phase 1 involveda laboratory bench test, Phase 2

Industrial Wastewater

Dr. Chuck Coronella (left) and Dr. VictorVasquez, with their fluid-bed system to

dry wastewater sludge


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Industrial Wastewater

comprised an on-site pilot study todetermine the effectiveness of thetreatment under refinery operatingconditions, and Phase 3 pertainedto Rapid Small Scale Column Test

(RSCCT) to determine the life ex-pectancy of the media. The Phase1 bench test results indicated thatselenium removal was adequateand on-site pilot testing would beappropriate. The Phase 2 test de-monstrated that selenium removalwas very effective to concentrationswell below the discharge require-ments and well below that achievedby the current method. The refinerylaboratory conducted the analyticaltesting to avoid any conflict in test-ing methods. RSSCT too showedthat selenium removal was quiteeffective with the sorbing media.Following these three successfulphases of testing, KFS constructeda cost-effective operating package toensure selenium concentrations indischarged water met acceptableEPA levels.


Integrated ozone-UVadvanced oxidationsystem

In the United States, Spartan Envi-ronmental Technologies, introducedan integrated ozone-ultra violet (UV)advanced oxidation system for thetreatment of industrial wastewater.The Ultrazone process is a fully self-contained skid-mounted advanced

oxidation system that includes anoxygen generation system, ozonegenerator, ozone/water mixing sys-tem, programmable logic controlsystem and a high-efficiency UVreactor supplied by UV Sciences.The integrated skid is placed on apad and the user connects the waterlines and power connections.

Advanced oxidation processes pro-duce hydroxyl radicals capable of

removing virtually all organic com-pounds from water. In the Ultrazone

process, UV light converts ozoneinto hydroxyl radicals without theneed to add any additional chemi-cals. Electricity is used to make bothozone (from air) and UV light. Noby-products are formed since ozoneand hydroxyl radical breakdown tooxygen and water after use. TheUltrazone process can be used toreduce total organic carbon (TOC),biological oxygen demand (BOD) aswell as chemical oxygen demand

(COD), and also to destroy specificorganic compounds that cannot betreated by conventional methods.Specific applications include recy-cling of process water, treatment ofindustrial wastewater and produc-tion of high-purity water from variouswater sources.


Treatment system

for fluctuating wasteloads

Baswood Corporation, the UnitedStates, has introduced BioViperpilot system, a mobile unit used todemonstrate the effectiveness ofthe Baswood technology on effluentfrom food and beverage plants. TheBioViper features significantly lowerlifecycle costs in a smaller footprint

than competing technologies. Thesystem requires 40 per cent lessenergy, produces minimal easy-to-handle solids, and is virtually odourfree. It is claimed to offer the opti-

mum combination of effectiveness,cost, size and simplicity to provideefficient pre-treatment while elimi-nating many limitations associatedwith other biological wastewatertreatment systems.

The BioViper, based on BaswoodsAerobic/Anaerobic Integrated Micro-bial Succession (AIMS) technologyand Dry Cycle process, reducesbiological and chemical oxygen de-mand (BOD/COD) in wastewater

from the food and beverage industry.The pilot system has a hydrauliccapacity of up to 75 litres/minuteof high-strength wastewater. Thecompact system is housed in a self-contained, customized, 40-ft ship-ping container providing minimalset-up. The pilot unit features on-line water quality monitoring, influ-ent and effluent pumping systems,composite sampling, and effluentclarification. The unit is fitted out

with instrumentation that allows forremote, online monitoring as wellas operation. The mobile system iscurrently is in test operation at abottling plant. Contact: BaswoodCorporation, 109 East De La GuerraStreet, Santa Barbara, CA 93101,United States of America.

Source: www.baswood.com

Spartans integrated advanced oxidationsystem

Recycling from E-Waste toResources

This report has used data from 11representative developing coun-tries to assess generation, recy-cling and management of e-waste.For more information, contact:

StEP SecretariatTel: +49 (228) 815 0213Fax: +49 (228) 815 0299

E-mail: [email protected]


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BIOREMEDIATION

Soy microemulsionfor groundwaterremediation

Two United States-based companies JRW Bioremediation LLC andArcher Daniels Midland Co. wereawarded a patent for their LactOilsoy microemulsion. This renewableproduct enables environmental pro-fessionals to cost-effectively cleanup soil and groundwater contamina-ted by chlorinated solvents, metals,nitrates and perchlorates. LactOilis a soy-based product containingfive functional ingredients designedto stimulate bacteria already resid-ing in the environment to degradeand remove toxic pollutants fromgroundwater, thus restoring thesevaluable resources. BiodegradableLactOil is derived from corn (maize)and soybeans.

Environmental professionals havesuccessfully used LactOil at morethan 40 North American locationsthat vary in scale from small dry-cleaner sites to large federal pro-

jects. Professionals using LactOilhave lauded the products ease ofhandling, excellent sub-surface dis-tribution, multi-year longevity and thecompetitive cost advantage. Con-tact: JRW Bioremediation, 14321,

W. 96thTerrace, Lenexa, KS 66215,

United States of America. Tel: +1

(913) 438 5544; Fax: +1 (913) 438

5554; E-mail: [email protected];

Website: www.jrwbioremediation.

com.

Source: pr-usa.net

A bacterial nemesisfor oil spills

Tel Aviv University (TAU), Israel, hasa solution that may help the Gulf ofMexico oil spill bioremediate theremaining problems. Prof. EugeneRosenberg and Prof. Eliora Ron ofthe TAU Department of Molecular

Microbiology and Biotechnology areusing natural oil-munching bacte-ria, grown at the TAU lab, to cleanthe hard-to-reach oil pockets thatoccur when oil mixes with sand and

organic matter on beaches to forma thin layer on the Gulfs preciouswaterways.

The scientists identified a naturallyoccurring variety of sea-borne bac-teria that digests oil. By studyingthe bacterias genetic background,developing methods of growing thebacteria and increasing their capa-city to ingest the oil, the researchershave developed a solution that couldclean up the residual oil that cannot

be removed by mechanical means.Prof. Ron states that sucking up thesurface oil pools and containing theoil are important and necessary firststeps. The new solution removesthe smaller amounts of oil left be-hind which is not easily removedfrom sand and water. It is this smallquantity of oil that sits under rocksand forms a thin film on the waterssurface.

Source: www.google.co.in

Bioremediation ofpolluted raw water

Researchers at the School of CivilEngineering, Southeast University,China, report using submerged bio-film process and different artificialmedia for the in situbioremediationof polluted raw water for tap watersupply. Dissolved organic mattersin organic-polluted raw water and

their potential to form disinfectionby-products during drinking watertreatment raise great challenges tothe traditional water treatment pro-cess. Although many pre-treatmentand post-treatment methods havebeen widely studied to improve thewater quality of potable tap water,these methods are more or less con-strained by the lack of public financeor non-availability of land area.

In situbioremediation of pollutedraw water based on the biologicaldegradation function of enrichedmicrobes on artificial media is a low-cost technique and has the unique

advantage of not needing land area.The researchers focused on the per-formance of two different artificialmedia used for bioremediation andthe effect of light on the perform-ance was especially investigated.Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) wasseparated using ultrafiltration intofour fractions of defined molecularsizes: 100 kilodalton (kDa), 10-100kDa, 1-10 kDa and 1 kDa) while theelastic medium facilitates the de-crease of DOC with low molecular

size (


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Bioremediation

The discovery is among the mostpositive findings following the mas-sive oil spill from BP PLCs Macondowell off Louisiana in 5,000 ft of water.LBNL scientists found the presence

of various hydrocarbon degraders,adding that the dominant microbein the dispersed Macondo oil wasa new, unclassified species.

Mr. Terry Hazen, a microbial ecolo-gist, said the findings suggest thata great potential for intrinsic bio-remediation of oil plumes exists inthe deep sea. The oil influx alteredthe microbial community profoundlyby stimulating psychrophilic (coldtemperature) gamma-proteobacteriaclosely related to known petroleum-degrading microbes. Psychrophilicpetroleum degraders contributed tothe rapid decline of the Macondo oil.Analysis of changes in the crude oilcomposition indicated faster-than-expected biodegradation rates withthe half-life of the oils alkanes rang-ing from 1.2 to 6.1 days.

Source: www.ogj.com

DNA microarrayAt the University of Oklahoma, theUnited States, researchers havedeveloped GeoChip, a DNA micro-array that can detect thousands ofbacteria and micro-organisms anddetermine their function, whether insoil, water or other parts of the en-vironment. GeoChip was recentlyused to study samples from an oilplume about 10 miles from the BPspill in the Gulf of Mexico. About

200 samples taken at a depth bet-ween 3,600 ft and 4,000 ft were sentto the university for analysis. Geo-Chips function in this case was todetermine whether the necessarybacteria were present, in the rightquantities, to break down oil. Theresearch teams early work gives anod to Mother Nature: it showed thatmicro-organisms have degraded theoil in that area to undetectable levels.

GeoChip can analyse many partsof the environment soil, sediment,wastewater and even food contami-nants, Dr. Jizhong Zhou points out.Dr. Zhous goal is to continue dev-

eloping it his team is working withthe fourth generation of GeoChip,and the fifth version could be avail-able in another year. We want tomake sure GeoChip represents themost current knowledge in the field,Dr. Zhou said. GeoChip is the onlytechnology that can identify a micro-organism and explain its function.That capability is important becauseit gives researchers better insightinto the reparable skills of Nature

when a contaminant is present.Source: findarticles.com

Enhanced anaerobicbioremediation

Enhanced anaerobic bioremediationis the practice of adding hydrogen(an electron donor) to groundwaterand/or soil to increase the numberand vitality of the micro-organismspresent in performing anaerobic bio-

remediation (reductive dechlorina-tion) on an anaerobically degradablecompound or chlorinated contami-nant. The most commonly targetedchlorinated groundwater contami-nants are primarily used in industryas degreasing agents and includeperchloroethylene (PCE), trichloro-ethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene(DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Othersuch anaerobically degradable com-pounds include methylene chloride,

carbon tetrachloride, certain pesti-cides/herbicides, nitrate, perchlo-rate, nitroaromatic explosives, dyesand chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

Regenesis, the United Sates, pro-duces controlled-release, injectablesubstrates for enhanced reductivedechlorination. Regenesis 3DMeis a revolutionary new product thatoffer the most advanced hydrogenreleasing technology available. The

product is designed specifically forthe low cost in situtreatment of chlo-rinated solvent-based contaminants.It incorporates the proven HydrogenRelease Compound (HRC) tech-

nology besides an entirely new andunique molecule that is specificallydesigned to time-release a combi-nation of highly efficient electrondonors. 3DMe was designed witha relatively high hydrophilic/lipophi-lic balance (HLB), allowing dilutesuspensions to be well distributedacross contaminant plumes withoutthe high injection costs. Immediatelyon application to the sub-surface,3DMe begins to produce hydrogen

and distribute hydrogen-generatingcompounds to the sub-surface viaa series of hydration and fermenta-tion reactions. This process providesfor a time-release supply of hydro-gen to fuel the anaerobic reductivedechlorination process. Typical lon-gevity for 3DMe is up to two yearson a single injection and up to fouryears under optimal conditions.

HRC is designed specifically for on-site treatment of contamination by

a chlorinated solvent-based com-pound or any anaerobically degrad-able substance. The viscous HRCis typically pressure-injected intocontaminated groundwater or soil.Upon contact with water, it slowlyhydrolyses and is gradually brokendown by microbial action. Duringthis process, lactic acid releasedis fermented by microbes to pro-duce optimal amounts of hydrogenand anaerobic conditions. The hy-

drogen is then used in reductive de-chlorination. This naturally drivenprocess biodegrades and convertsdetrimental contaminants into inno-cuous end products like ethene andethane. Contact: Regenesis, 1011Calle Sombra, San Clemente, CA92673, United States of America.

Tel: +1 (949) 3668 000; Fax: +1 (949)3668 090.

Source: www.regenesis.com


15/19


Plastic fromindustrial waste gas

The New Zealand-based clean techcompany LanzaTech has announ-ced a successful run of its technol-ogy for reclaiming industrial wastegases to produce 2,3-butanediol(BD), a foundational chemical fromwhich spring a variety of productsincluding fuels and even plastics.LanzaTechs process reclaims anindustrial by-product that would goto waste otherwise.

The chemical 2,3-BD can be con-verted through simple processes

into butenes, butadiene and methylethyl ketone. These substances, inturn, are the building blocks for pro-ducing synthetic rubbers, plastics,textiles and other products. In 2009,LanzaTech announced the develop-ment of a proprietary microbe thatcan digest carbon monoxide in thewaste gas from steel mills, convert-ing it to pure ethanol. The processis based on fermentation, and wastegas from steel mills is an ideal me-dium because it has a high concen-

tration of carbon monoxide, withlitt le or no hydrogen.

Source:www.scientificamerican.com

Added NOx reduction

Nalco Mobotec Inc., a United States-based global leader in air pollutioncontrol technology, has signed acontract with Hoosier Energy RuralElectric Cooperative Inc. to provide

the latter two ROTAMIXselectivenon-catalytic reduction (SNCR)systems. The SCNR systems arefor nitrogen oxide (NOx) control atthe Frank E. Ratts Generating Sta-tion, a coal-fired power plant withtwo 125 MW boilers, originally builtin 1970. Nalco Mobotec will beginwork immediately with both unitsscheduled for continuous operationof the new system.

Nalco Mobotecs patented ROTAMIXtechnology reduces NOx emissionsfrom utility and industrial boilers. Thetechnology will build on previous sig-nificant NOx reduction provided by

Nalco Mobotecs patented RotatingOpposed Fired Air (ROFA) tech-nology to contain and reduce NOxemissions. Contact: Nalco Com-pany, 1601 W. Diehl Road, Naper-

ville, IL 60563-1198, United States

of America. Tel: +1 (630) 305 1000;

Fax: +1 (630) 305 2900.

Source: www.marketwatch.com

Decreasing odour,

pollution levelsThe Wyoming Refining Co. in theUnited States is hooking up the lastof the new pollution and odour con-trol measures that would help theNewcastle refinery to meet the Pet-roleum Refinery Initiative standardsof the United States EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA). Whenthe final pieces of US$32 million inimprovements are operational inNovember 2010, odour issues are

expected to improve dramatically.A wet gas scrubber is designed toreduce air pollution from the plantby more than 100 t/y, as it washesparticles, sulphur dioxide and nitro-gen oxide from plant emissions withwater and a caustic solution.

A new sour water stripper is design-ed to annually remove about 400 tof hydrogen sulphide together with200 t of ammonia from the plantswastewater output. It will transformmore than 140 million litres of waste-water into about 138.5 million litresof clean water each year. Whenthe refinery is operational again inNovember, it will include:

A Dynawave wet gas scrubber,which would annually decrease sul-phur dioxide emissions by 35.5 t,and remove 49 t of particulate and21.5 t of nitrogen oxide from the air;

A sour water stripper expectedto significantly improve wastewaterodour problems;

An amine fuel gas treater to re-move 1,800 t/y of hydrogen sulphide;

A sour water ammonia to ammo-nium thiosulphate unit, which com-bines waste by-products from thesour water stripper and the aminefuel gas treater to create an agri-cultural fertilizer; and

A new flare tower that will rise170 ft into the air will replace thecurrent 50 ft tall f lare (flaring devi-ces allow refineries to burn excessproduct when necessary to preventexplosions).

Source: www.rapidcityjournal.com

NOx removal system

Babcock-Hitachi KK, Japan, hadfirst developed a pellet type catalystfor reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx)emissions from power plants. Basedon this original catalyst, Babcock-Hitachi has now developed a low-pressure drop plate type catalyst.The NOx removal system is config-

ured so that flue gas is flown to areactor filled with the new catalyst.Ammonia required for NOx removalreaction is injected into the flue gasthrough a nozzle mounted upstreamof the catalyst. If the flue gas con-tains dusts, the flow is led straightdownwards to prevent dust build-upand plugging.

The new DENOx catalyst a high-quality, high-performance and verycompetitive product is the result

of four decades of experience andcontinuous development. The NOxremoval system is used in a widerange of applications from utilityboilers, fluidized bed combustionboilers, gas turbines, diesel enginesand industrial boilers to garbage in-cinerators. It has been field provenwith various fuels such as coal, oiland gas. Contact: Babcock-HitachiKK, Akihabara UDX Building, 14-1,

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL


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Sotokanda 4-chome, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo 101-0021, Japan. Tel: +81(3) 5209 7000; Fax: +81 (3) 52097761.

Source: www.bhk.co.jp

New technologyfor NOx control

Reaction Engineering International,the United States, has on offer a newnitrogen oxide (NOx) control tech-nology that provides coal-fired gen-erating units with a cost-effectivemeans of complying with NOx regu-lations. The Rich Reagent Injection(RRI) process reduces formation ofNOx by injecting amine-based com-pounds into the fuel-rich regions offurnaces. RRI, developed originallyfor coal-fired cyclone boilers, workswell in the fuel-rich lower furnacecreated by operating cyclone boilerswith overfire air. Combined overfireair and RRI technologies have beenshown to reduce cyclone NOx levelsby more than 80 per cent. The RRIprocess is also applicable to otherpulverized coal-fired units and in-

dustrial boilers. Contact: ReactionEngineering International, 77 West200 South, Suite 210, Salt LakeCity, Utah 84101, United States ofAmerica.

Source:www.environmental-expert.com

From diesel enginesto power stations

In 2002, Mitsui Babcock, the United

Kingdom-based energy servicescompany, demonstrated a new post-combustion nitrogen oxide (NOx)removal system at the TennesseeValley Authority (TVA) Kingston 9power plant in the United States. Thedemonstration system, NOxStar,was developed initially for dieselengines and later made the leap topower sector. The NOxStar processis, in essence, a post-combustion

process that continuously injectscontrolled quantities of an ammonia-based reagent with relatively minuteamounts of hydrocarbon (typicallyeither natural gas or propane) into

the superheater/reheater pass of anoperating boiler. The injection gridcomprises a permanent array of feedlances attached to the adjacent heattransfer assemblies in the upper fur-nace pass. This set-up optimizesreagent distribution throughout therelatively high-temperature NOx-bearing flue gas mass. At theseexisting elevated temperatures, thehydrocarbon auto-ignites to form aplasma of free radicals that auto-catalyses the reaction of ammoniaand NOx to form harmless nitrogenand water vapour.

The NOxStar injection grid consis-ted of 22 lances subdivided intonine control zones in each of thesuperheater and reheater passes.These zones allowed NOx reductionand ammonia slip to be optimizedon a zone-by-zone basis to accountfor variability in the flue gas temper-ature and flow profiles at the re-

agent injection plane. Each water-cooled lance was fed with reagent,steam and propane in a controlledstream to satisfy the flue gas con-ditions at the time. Reagent rateswere controlled to keep ammoniaslip below 5 ppm.

Test results have shown that NOxlevels can be reduced by 68 percent from the baseline level whilemaintaining an ammonia slip of 4.2ppm or less, as measured at the

economizer outlet using wet chem-istry techniques. Air staging in thecombustion zone had contributedto this overall reduction. Alone, theNOxStar system reduced NOx levelby 53 per cent. As part of an SCRsystem, NoxStar can achieve theNOx reduction levels required bymany generators.

Source:www.powergenworldwide.com

Portable dustand fume collector

ZephyrIII from Air Pollution Con-trol, the United States, is a pulse-controlled portable dust and fumecollector for capturing dry dusts,welding fumes, grinding dusts, sol-dering fumes and other airborneparticles. The unit has an exterioradjustable arm and a cartridge-typecollector that is easy to fit and re-move. The 700 cfm hood on the armallows easy 360 positioning. Theunit has a three-stage filtration, andthe dust collected can be easilyremoved from the roll-out drawer,

using manually activated, Venturi-assisted pulse cleaning. Large sizewheels with swivels and brakesmake moving and positioning easy.The unit has powder-coated surfacefinish on both inside and outside.Contact: Air Pollution Control, P.O.Box 1277, League City, Texas, TX77574, United States of America.Tel: +1 (281) 332 7935; Fax: +1 (281)332 7936; E-mail: [email protected].

Source: www.airpollutioncontrol.net

SCR system forpower generatingequipment

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)catalyst systems are highly effec-tive at cutting nitrogen oxide (NOx)emissions from power-generatingequipment, including gas turbines,utility/industrial boilers and recipro-

cating engines. BASF Catalysts,with its headquarters in the UnitedStates, is a provider of innovativecatalysts for use in these systems.SCR systems use catalysts to pro-mote a reaction between flue gasNOx and a reagent (typically am-monia) that is injected into the fluegas stream. BASF Catalysts SCRcatalysts selectively convert NOxinto nitrogen and water, thereby

Air Pollution Control


17/19


Air Pollution Control

reducing NOx emissions by up to97 per cent. The products consistof porous ceramic, honeycomb sub-strates that have been coated witheither a vanadium-titanium (VNX)

or zeolite (ETZ) catalyst.

The catalysts are specially formu-lated to withstand high operatingtemperatures, and the ceramicsubstrates can withstand thermalshock associated with rapid start-ups, shutdowns and turbine trips.This means that there are no res-trictions on how fast a turbine canbe brought up to full-load operation.VNX and ETZ catalysts are part ofBASF Catalysts line of NOXCatproducts for SCR systems. Contact:BASF Catalysts, 25 Middlesex/

Essex Turnpike, Iselin, NJ 08830-

0770, United States of America.

Tel: +1 (732) 205 5000; E-mail: info-ec@basf. com.

Source: www.catalysts.basf.com

Industrialfume scrubbers

Shivas Reinplast Company of Indiaoffers industrial scrubbers for thesafe capture of hazardous fumes.Counter flow fume scrubbers aredesigned for contaminants that aredifficult to absorb. The counter flowdesign offers advantages in the effi-cient and effective use of scrubbingsolutions, besides higher separatorefficiency, especially for deep bedsof packing. High removal efficiencyis advantageous where the conta-minants are highly offensive or have

recovery value. In this design, mistand separating solutions carry-overat high gas velocity is minimizedby the use of dry packed bed misteliminators. Counter flow separa-tors are available with a variety oftower internals; each designed toachieve a maximum in efficiency ata minimum of cost. The separatorsare available with packed beds inheight ranging from 1.2 m to 6.0 m.

Standard fume separators are pack-ed with 50 mm plastic tower fill suchas tellerettes, which give a highertarget efficiency in mist and lightdust conditions.

The cross flow design offers addedadvantages as to low water require-ments, low-pressure drop and lowfan cost. In this design, eliminationand scrubbing solution carry-over isminimized using back of the packedbed, which is operated dry. Effici-ency of this design of internal cor-rugated walls prevents the gas andscrubbing solution from by-passingthe packed beds. All scrubbers havecorrosion resistant construction with

sheets of polyvinyl chloride, polypro-pylene, polyvinyldene, polyethylene,and fibreglass-reinforced plastic.Contact: Shivas Reinplast Compa-ny of India, C-71/8, BulandsaharRoad, Industrial Area, Ghaziabad,Uttar Pradesh 201 009, India. Tel:+91 (120) 2866985, 6459985; Fax:+91 (120) 2866987; E-mail: [email protected].

Source: www.shivasasia.com

Nanometal catalystlowers petrol exhaustsystem cost

Original equipment manufacturers(OEMs) will likely adopt particulatematter (PM) filters for petrol enginesby 2014, with a 15 per cent penetra-tion by 2016. With the increasing

penetration of direct injection in pet-rol engines, there will be a greaterneed for PM filters. New analysisfrom Frost & Sullivan finds that thefuture trend is clearly the tri-metal

catalyst, a calculated ratio of pre-cious metals to be used along withrhodium, which is most suitable forexpelling nitrogen oxide (NOx). NOxconcerns arising from lean com-bustion petrol direct injection (PDI),downsizing and turbo charging willdrive demand for exhaust gas re-circulations (EGRs) and PM countin PDI engines, thus catalysing thegrowth of PM filters. Greater salesvolume of small-segment vehicleswill boost demand for catalysts suchas tri-metal catalysts.

However, the exhaust temperatureof petrol engines is higher than thatof diesel engines. Therefore, mate-rials used in petrol engine exhaustafter-treatment systems should bemore temperature-resistant, result-ing in higher costs. There will be agrowing need for high-temperature-resistant materials with downsizingand turbo charging of petrol engines.

Market participants should developand fit nanometal catalyst in cata-lytic converters to reduce cost. Ap-plications based on nanotechnologycan bring down the price of exhaustsystem by about 70 per cent. Thiswill help manufacturers optimizethe extra cost associated with PMfilters.

Source: www.azonano.com

Establishing E-Waste Channels to Enhance Environment

Friendly Recycling

The project aims at improving the situation of e-waste management inIndia, specifically in New Delhi, Bangalore, Kolkata and Pune. For moreinformation, contact:

SWITCH-Asia Network FacilityUNEP / Wuppertal Institute Collaborating

Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production (CSCP)Hagenauer Strae 30, 42107 Wuppertal, GermanyTel: +49 (202) 4595810; Fax: +49 (202) 4595831

E-mail: [email protected]


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TECH EVENTS

03-06 Nov ECO EXPO ASIA 2010Hong Kong Contact: Hong Kong TradeChina Development Council,

38th Floor, Office Tower,Convention Plaza, 1 Harbour Road,Wanchai, Hong Kong.Tel: +852 1830 668;Fax: +852 2824 0249.

10-12 Nov 6th World Scrap Metal CongressShanghai Contact: Terrapinn Pte. Ltd.,China 1 Harbourfront Place,

#18-01 Harbourfront Tower 1,Singapore 098633.Tel: +65 6222 8550;Fax: +65 6226 3264;E-mail: [email protected].

15-18 Nov 5th World Recycling Forum:Hong Kong International Conference &China Exhibition on Electronics, Car and

Battery RecyclingContact: ICM AG,Schwaderhof 7, 5708 Birrwil,Switzerland.Tel: +41 (62) 785 1000;Fax: +41 (62) 785 1005;E-mail: [email protected].

01-04 Dec ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGYJakarta INDONESIA 2010Indonesia Contact: PT. Pamerindo Buana Abadi,

Deutsche Bank Building, 13th Floor,Jalan Imam Bonjol No. 80,Jakarta 10310, Indonesia.

Tel: +62 (21) 316 2001;Fax: +62 (21) 316 1981;E-mail: [email protected].

2011

13-15 Feb WasteSafe 2011 Khulna 2nd International ConferenceBangladesh on Solid Waste Management in

Developing CountriesContact: WasteSafe ConferenceSecretariat,Room No. C303, CE Building,Department of Civil Engineering,Khulna University of Engineering

and Technology (KUET),Khulna 9203, Bangladesh.Tel: +880 (41) 774780;Fax: +880 (41) 769468;E-mail: [email protected].

31 May-03 Jun Waste-Tech 2011Moscow Contact: SIBICO International Ltd.,Russia PO Box 105, Moscow 105062, Russia.

Tel: +7 (495) 225 5986;Fax: +7 (495) 225 5986;E-mail: [email protected];Website: www.waste-tech.ru.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Remediation and Management ofContaminated Sites

This book presents a complete account of what needsto be done for contaminated sites, from analysing asites potential economic value and contaminationissues to site testing and analysis. It explores theselection of appropriate remediation methods, thedetermination of ongoing risks and limitations of aremediated site, site reclamation, new uses for reme-diated sites and reporting documentation. The bookalso covers volatile organic compounds, radiochem-icals (radon), biologicals and other groundwater andsoil contaminants. Case studies feature examplesfrom the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom,and the Netherlands.

Biotechniques forAir Pollution Control

This publication covers the proceedings of the 3rd Inter-national Congress on Biotechniques for Air PollutionControl held in September, 2009, at Delft. Promptedby both economical and public pressure, waste gastreatment has gradually been integrated into processdesigns. Industries are becoming self-sufficient andrecover compounds from waste streams for use asraw material. This book provides an overview of inno-vative biotechnology-based processes for treatment

of waste gasses. It discusses various innovative re-search aspects of environmental chemistry, environ-mental engineering and bioprocess technology.

For the above two books, contact: CRC Press, UnitedKingdom. Tel: +44 (1235) 400 524; Fax: +44 (1235)400 525; E-mail: [email protected].

Hazardous Waste Managementand Pollution Prevention

This publication provides an excellent introduction to

mastering hazardous waste materials managementand preventing the contamination of the environment.It also contains information on the legal and regulatoryaspects of pollution, in-plant handling of hazardouswaste materials, reducing the amount of hazardouswaste produced, and ways to save money throughpreventing personal injury and preventing or limitingthe effects of accidental pollution.

Contact: IDC Technologies, P.O. Box 1093, West PerthWA 6872, Australia. Tel: +61 (08) 9321 1702; Fax:+61 (08) 9321 2891.


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19

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BOOKS (India, Bhutanand Nepal)

Managing Innovation for the New Economy: Training Manual, 2002 1,000.00 50.00

Volume 1: How to Guide & Quick reference materialsVolume 2: Articles & Lectures

Regional Capacity-building for the Adoption of ISO-14000 and 600.00 30.00Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology: Training Manual, 2000

Small Rural Industries in the Asia Pacific Region: Enhancement of 600.00 30.00Competitiveness of Small Rural Industries in a Liberalized EconomicEnvironment and the Impact of Poverty Alleviation, 2000

Technology Transfer and Technological Capacity-building in Asiaand the Pacific

Volume 1: Big Countries and Developed Economies, 1999 600.00 30.00

Volume 2: ASEAN, NIEs, SAARC and the Islamic Republic 600.00 30.00of Iran, 1999

Volume 3: Least Developed and Pacific Island Countries and 600.00 30.00Economies in Transition, 1999

Volume 4: Emerging Issues in Regional Technological Capability- 600.00 30.00building and Technology Transfer, 1999

Rural Industrialization as a Means of Poverty Alleviation: Report of 600.00 30.00the Regional Seminar on the Enhancement of Partnerships amongGovernmental, Non-governmental and Private Sector Entities for thePromotion of Rural Industrialization for Poverty Alleviation, 1999

Institutional Development for Investment Promotion and Technology 500.00 25.00Transfer, 1999

Ozone Depletion Substances Phase-out Technologies: Problems & 300.00 15.00

Issues on Technology Transfer, Absorption and Generation, 1998

Development and Utilization of S&T Indicators: Emerging Issues in 300.00 15.00Developing Countries of the ESCAP Region, 1998

ODS Phase-out: A Guide for Industry, 1998 500.00 25.00

Proceedings of the Consultative Meeting on Technology Management 800.00 40.00Education and Training for Developing Countries, 1997

Not es: Amount less than Rs 500 should be sent through a demand draft only. Otherwise, payment should be made by cheque/demand draft/UNESCO coupon in favour of the Asian & Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology, payableat New Delhi.

# Print version supported by the Ozone Cell, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, for distribution toa select target group.

* Amount to be sent to APCTT with the order for covering costs and handling charges.

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