7” Liner - Cementing Preparation and Procedure Checklist • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 (1 vote, average 4.00 out of 5) This article is an example of a checklist for cementing a 7" liner. • Hold pre-job planning meeting. All equipment to be checked and personnel familiar with the plan. • The final cement programme to be issued to the rig and approved by the Drilling Superintendent. • Ensure that BJ needs to blow out water from the lines after performing pressure test to avoid frozen the in cold weather. • Before cement job begins, ensure that the cement is fluffed and transferred from one tank to another ta transfer in the cold weather. • Prior to start cementing, ensure to perform the following: o Total required volume of technical water to be stored on the rig site some days in advance of th o Pre-job analysis of technical water, slurry and spacers. Perfrom tests for possible fluid contami program . o Be sure the slurry formules is fit to avoid flash setting due to possible slurry dehydration while • Prepare cement mix water in the batch mixers and store in the KPO tanks, prepare spacers in the batch • Confirm that the Technical water is being supplied directly from the LMP. Do not use water from any supervisor to check the water. • Avoid using NaCL Brine to perfrom BJ lines test until a contamination test has been performed. • Ensure correct tanks and drill water are delivered at least 24 hours in advance of the cementing job. • Check that cement chemicals have been added to the mix water in the correct order. • Thoroughly mix each chemical after adding them to the mix water. Take samples of final mix fluids, la verification tests. • Ensure all BJ washer and spacers should be prepared in the batch mixer and pumped by the Cementing control avoid preparing washer and spacer in rig pits and avoid using rig pumps. • Take 5 gallons dry cement sample in advance of the cement job so that pilot testing at cementing lab us carried out. • Take 1 gallon mix water sample during the cement job. • Check that the following equipment is available at the rig site: Weatherford circulating tool; Long elev Drilling Contractor?). • Mud Logger to ensure stroke counters set to zero before pumping spacer and displacement.
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7” Liner - Cementing Preparation and Procedure Checklist
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
(1 vote, average 4.00 out of 5)
This article is an example of a checklist for cementing a 7" liner.
• Hold pre-job planning meeting. All equipment to be checked and personnel familiar with the pl
• The final cement programme to be issued to the rig and approved by the Drilling Superintenden
• Ensure that BJ needs to blow out water from the lines after performing pressure test to avoid fro
in cold weather.
• Before cement job begins, ensure that the cement is fluffed and transferred from one tank to anotransfer in the cold weather.
• Prior to start cementing, ensure to perform the following:
o Total required volume of technical water to be stored on the rig site some days in advan
o Pre-job analysis of technical water, slurry and spacers. Perfrom tests for possible fluid c
program.
o Be sure the slurry formules is fit to avoid flash setting due to possible slurry dehydration
•
Prepare cement mix water in the batch mixers and store in the KPO tanks, prepare spacers in th• Confirm that the Technical water is being supplied directly from the LMP. Do not use water fro
supervisor to check the water.
• Avoid using NaCL Brine to perfrom BJ lines test until a contamination test has been performed
• Ensure correct tanks and drill water are delivered at least 24 hours in advance of the cementing
• Check that cement chemicals have been added to the mix water in the correct order.
• Thoroughly mix each chemical after adding them to the mix water. Take samples of final mix f
verification tests.
• Ensure all BJ washer and spacers should be prepared in the batch mixer and pumped by the Cemcontrol avoid preparing washer and spacer in rig pits and avoid using rig pumps.
• Take 5 gallons dry cement sample in advance of the cement job so that pilot testing at cementin
carried out.
• Take 1 gallon mix water sample during the cement job.
• Check that the following equipment is available at the rig site: Weatherford circulating tool; LoDrilling Contractor?).
• Mud Logger to ensure stroke counters set to zero before pumping spacer and displacement.
• While preparing the slurry, continue to circulate and check the following:
o Cement head bearing is secured to the derrick prior to rotating the liner
o The tugger must be manned at all times during rotation.
o There is a minimum of 20 Klbs (10 tonne) of drillpipe weight onto the liner prior to rota
of ‘HRD’ tool in ‘HRD’ profile of ‘ZXP’ packer to allow rotation of liner.o Establish circulation and rotation (generally ensure continued circulation during all rota
monitor rates and pressures.
o Note torque readings at 20 and 30 RPM with a minimum weight of 20 Klbs (10 Tonne)
o Check that the top drive is set properly in order not to limit the torque below programm
cementing job.
o Make sure there is good communication possible between the rig-floor and the cement u
location.
• Ensure that TDS IBOP is closed before hooking up the cement lines. Open the low torque valv
• If losses encountered during drilling 8 ½” hole section, attempt to cure losses before mixing and• If possible use the caliper log to calculate the slurry volume required.
o The Liner should be set 100m inside the 9 7/8" casing. Reduce the slurry top to 50 - 100
excess and TOC should be agreed & communicated to the team once the logs are run.
o Before the job check & calibrate all saipar and WFD-Datalog sensors and stroke counte
• Pump the required amount of cement as per cementing programme, allowing for volume of app
Top (with the DP connected to the hanger). Observe and note the torque required to rotate the
• Stop rotation to allow safe release of the Drill Pipe Pump Down Plug as follows (it is not allow
whilst rotating).
• When cementing the 7'' liner after bumping the plug to pressure up to 1000psi over final displac
mins.
Responsibilities during cementing
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• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
(4 votes, average 4.50 out of 5)
Planning and supervision is crucial in cementing operations. This article describes the key responsibilit
Cementing Engineer, Mud Engineer and Drilling Contractor.
• collect samples of mixwater, cement and additives during the cement job
• confirm stock levels of cement and additives
• supervise preparation of spacers, mixwater cement slurries and additives.
• ensure dry cement is fluffed as per Contractor recommended procedure
• prepare all cementation reports.
• complete checklists prior to commencement of cement job
• arrange loading and backloading equipment
•
confirm receipt of the cement test report recipe for the cement and spacer from the Operations E• ensure that all checks are performed.
• Two days before the cementation is started, he will collect the checklists and address any problecarry out the checks, sign off the checklists and return them. A copy of the checklists shall be fa
Drilling Contractor
• operate and maintain the bulk air supply and mixing systems
• provide personnel for loading and backloading of supplies and equipment
• assist with sampling prior to, and during, the cement job• assist with measuring the gradient of the slurries pumped
• complete the minimum checks and procedures detailed in the checklists and pass completed che
prior to commencement of the cement job
• provide lines for cement and water from supply boat
• hook up cement/water lines as needed
Cementer
• maintain and operate the cement unit and all associated equipment on the rig to the highest stan
• ensure that the unit is functioning efficiently and has valid certification
• record and maintain quality control of stock levels of cement/additives and physically check all
prior to any cementing operation
• ensure that:
1. liquid additives are checked by use of a hydrometer
(4 votes, average 4.25 out of 5)The Cement Programme gives a brief explanation as to the objectives in setting casing, i.e.:
• isolate hydrocarbons• isolate different pressure regimes
• provide a pressure conduit of full integrity for drilling and completion
• allow installation of BOP, completion etc.
General Preparation Guidelines
The following guidelines should be applied to the preparation of the Cement Programme:
• The Drilling Supervisor shall prepare a call out fax seven days before the job.• The Cement Programme shall be sent to the Drilling Superintendent and Operations Engineer fo
• The final version of the Cement Programme, including the final details, shall be sent to the Dril
Operations Engineer.
• No last minute changes to the Programme shall be made without the prior approval of the Drilli
• A copy of the Programme shall be distributed to all rig personnel involved in the operation.
• Bulk cement shall be sampled for testing purposes.
• After retaining a portion for bench testing, the remainder shall be despatched to the Contractor,
• The Laboratory test results shall be reported to the Operations Engineer/Drilling Superintenden
• Samples of all products used during the cementing operation shall be retained in case further tesLaboratory is required.
Note: If necessary, the key cement properties may be reported by telephone or fax.
Despatch of Cement, Additives and Water Sample
Sampling GuidelinesProper sampling of cement, additives and mixwater is essential to obtain accurate and representative tescarried out by the Drilling Supervisor.
The following guidelines should be applied:
• During unloading, the Drilling Supervisor shall take a sample directly from the supply line at a
from the silos. It is essential that the cement sampled is representative of the cement to be used
operation.
• When powdered additives samples are requested by the laboratory, they must be taken from a s
be used in the forthcoming cementing operation.
• When liquid additives samples are requested by the laboratory, they must be taken from the batcementing operation. The liquid additive must be well agitated before sampling.
• Cement, additives and water must be sampled properly and stored/despatched in the appropriat
clean.
• Excess air must be removed from the containers since exposure to humid air may affect the resu
exercise useless, potentially leading to problems during cementation.
• Samples of all products, including a 1 gal sample of the actual mixwater, must also be taken dur
operations and kept on the rig until a few days after the cement job in case the laboratory requir
of the cementation.
Samples QuantitiesThe sample quantities required are listed in the following table:
Material Quantity
Cement 10 kg
Mixwater 1 gal (2 sample bottles)
Powdered additives one full plastic bag (to be kept in laboratory)
Liquid additives 500 ml (to be kept in laboratory)
Bentonite 10 kg (to be kept in laboratory)
Sample Labelling
Cement Samples
All cement samples should be labelled with:
• rig name
• silo number
• well number
•
the type of cementation forthcoming• date received
• date despatched by flight
• expected date of first cementation.
Additive and Mixwater Samples
All additive and mixwater samples should be labelled with:
• rig name
• well number
• date despatched (to whom)
• contents
• expected date of first cementation
Cement Testing
Consistometer Test Conditions
The Pan Am(erican) Consistometer test is used. It is performed under dynamic conditions with the cemThe test conditions used are defined the following table:
Parameter Unit Definition
Depth ft True vertical depth of the cementation
Test pressure psi Expected maximum pressure during the
Test temperature oF Expected circulating bottom hole temperature
(according to API recommendations and related to
average temperature gradient)
Slurry Composition
In general, additives for cement slurries are added to the mixwater with the exception of weighting matthe initial cement slurry or may be dry blended into the cement if batch mixing is not feasible. Dead vo
consideration when batch mixing.
The amount of dry powder additives to be used is given on the form in % weight by weight of dry ceme
amount of liquid additives in % gallons per sack (GPS). In addition the amount of water and chemicals
mixwater is also given.
The base for mixwater will be specified on the form as industrial (fresh) or sea water. The salinity of in
300 ppm chlorides.
The water/cement ratio (mixwater requirement) and slurry yield are given in cu.ft/sk.
Slurry PropertiesThe following key slurry properties are given on the cement test form:
Parameter Unit Test Details
Slurry gradient ppg
Pumpability time minutes Pan Am consistometer test measured atBottom Hole Circulating Temperature
(API tables)
Thickening time
Compressivestrength
psi Strength of the cement at cementationdepth, after the time shown, as determinedaccording to API recommended practices
HTHP fluid loss cc/30 min Determined at 1 000 psi pressure
differential and bottom hole circulating
temperature
Fann VG Meter Readings
Dial readings obtained at 600, 200, 100, 6and 3 RPM measured at BHCT to a
maximum of 200oF.
Rheology 600 rpm reading
300 rpm reading200 rpm reading100 rpm reading
6 rpm reading
3 rpm reading
Tested at standard temperatures 80o F and
457oF
Notes:
* The pumpable time of the slurry must exceed the planned job time, including mixing, by a contingenc
which may be experienced. As a general guide, one hour contingency should be used for casing cemen
back cementations.
* The final strength of cement typically used for primary cementations must be greater than 3 000 psi wshoe.
Tests at the Well Site
General Guidelines
The following general guidelines should be applied during bench tests:
Bench testing shall be carried out at the rig site since it is the main mechanism for quality control on thcomparison with the results of the Mud and Cement Laboratory to confirm that the mixwater of the rig
contaminated.
Testing must be carried out according to the procedure detailed in this section using representative sam
Testing should be completed well in advance of the job, so that time is left to make new mixwater and t
Bench tests must be carried out with samples of the mixed slurry to give an indication of when the cem
sufficiently to proceed with operations. It is important to note that the downhole pressure will accelerat
Procedure for Testing Mixwater
1. MIX 500 grams of properly sampled cement with enough mixwater to achieve the planned water/cem
the mud mixer (Hamilton Beach) at high speed.
2. PLACE the slurry in a plastic bag in a water bath controlled at expected static bottom hole temperatuis lower.
CALCULATE the expected SBHT.
3. CHECK every 15 minutes for thickening time and hardening time.
Notes:
Make sure that the mixwater/additive mixture is homogeneous before sampling.
If the cement job is delayed by a substantial amount of time, with the mixwater having been prepared e
to ensure that additives have neither settled out nor deteriorated. The bench test should be repeated sho
Spacers are any fluids other than cement slurry or mud, pumped ahead (preflush) or behind (postflush)
Preflushes are used to:
• prevent contamination of cement slurry with mud
• improve mud displacement and mud cake removal.
Postflushes are used to prevent:
• the plug from spinning when it will be drilled out (cement on top)
• contamination with the fluid used for displacement.
General Guidelines
The following guidelines shall be adhered to during the use of spacers:
• Scavenger slurries shall not be used if the top of cement (TOC) is critical eg., to allow for a pos
• Reduction in hydrostatic head due to spacers pumped must be carefully calculated. If the overbthe minimum required overbalance, at any stage of the cementation, a weighted preflush shall b
spacer.
• When water is used as a spacer over productive intervals, it shall be treated with 2 % KCl w/w
• Lines shall be flushed thoroughly to ensure the contamination of mud, spacers and cement slurr
• Muds requiring extra long spacers or spacers of a special composition will be advised by the M
• If oil has been added to a water base mud for any reason, then +/- 2 % v/v surfactant should be
• In general, plug flow and plug flow spacers are only used for stinger cementations where turbul
cannot be achieved.
• It is preferable to pump spacers between cementing plugs.
Preflush Formulations
Cement scavenger slurries are dilute mixes of cement and water, pumped ahead of the cement slurry inremove gelled mud and filter cakes. The following guidelines shall be used when pumping scavenger sl
• The gradient should be between mud gradient and the main cement slurry gradient with a maxim
Cement Contractor should be consulted for the optimum gradient.• To prevent fast setting of the scavenger slurry, a cement retarder shall be added to the mixwater
1. In general accelerators increase the viscosity of the cement slurry and decrease the effectiv
2. Calcium Chloride can cause skin burns and sever irritation to eyes, nose and lungs. Glovesduring mixing. Calcium Chloride is available in 50lb sacks.
RetardersAs the temperature increases, the chemical reaction between cement and water is accelerated which
Increased depths and formation temperatures may require the use of retarders in order to extend the
Thixotropic slurries may require retarders at shallow depths and low temperatures.
Effects on Viscosity
Most retarders affect the viscosity of the cement as follows:
Type of Retarder Effect on Viscosity
Lignin Derivatives (HR 5, HR 6 etc) Reduce
Organic Acids Reduce
Cellulose Derivatives (CMC) Increase
Note: The combined use of retarders and accelerators in the same mix should be avoided.
High Density Additives
There are two main methods of increasing the gradient of the cement slurry:
• reducing the water/cement ratio
• addition of a weighting material.
Reducing the Water/Cement Ratio
This is the preferred method of increasing cement gradient, particularly when cementing across gas
approximately 17.0 ppg can be attained by this method.
Addition of a Weighting Material
The preferred material is hematite (iron oxide) but barite may also be used. It is preferable to batch
material rather than to use pre-blended cement since weighting materials additive in pre-blended ceFurthermore, handling different blends of cement on one rig may result in operational mistakes.
Note: When drilling with a mud gradient of 14.8 ppg or more, a batch mixing unit and sufficient w
contingency. If very large volumes need to be mixed, batch mixing is not achievable
Low Density Additives (Extenders)
Low gradient slurries are used for cementing weak formations or when there is a possibility that th
heavier slurry was used.
Preparation
A low gradient slurry is prepared by adding extra mixwater. Bentonite is usually pre-mixed at a con
freshwater to reduce free water separation of the resultant slurry.
Bentonite must be fully hydrated before any other additives are added to the mixwater. To achieve
industrial water or dry bentonite may be hydrated in industrial water. In the latter case, the minimu
may be longer, depending on the type of bentonite used. Consult the Cementing Contractor for exp
type of bentonite for best results is Wyoming bentonite.
The bentonite content must be checked using the methylene blue test (MBT).
Compressive Strength
As a result of the decreased cement concentration of extended slurries, the compressive strength of
than that of neat slurries.
Friction Reducers (Dispersants or Thinners)
Friction reducers are dispersing agents which can be added to the slurry to reduce its viscosity and
the system while displacing (or squeezing) the cement. As a result, higher pumping rate are possiblefficiencies may be achieved
Fluid Loss Control Additives
Fluid loss control additives are added to cement slurries for the following reasons: